Pityriasis Alba | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

What is pityriasis alba?

Pityriasis alba (say “pih-tih-RY-uh-sus AL-buh”) is a common skin problem that causes round or oval patches of skin that look lighter than the rest of the skin. The patches may look pink or slightly scaly at first.

How the patches look may bother you, but they aren’t harmful. Over time, the patches fade and the color of your skin returns to normal.

This skin problem is most common in children. But anyone can get it. The patches may be more noticeable in people with darker skin.

What causes pityriasis alba?

The cause of this skin problem is not known. But it may be related to sun exposure or dry skin.

What are the symptoms?

Pityriasis alba usually doesn’t cause symptoms. In some cases, it may be itchy.

It causes slightly scaly, round or oval patches on the skin. The patches look slightly pink. Later they fade to leave areas that are lighter than the other skin. They most often appear on the face, neck, upper arms, or upper part of the body. It may take some time, but the skin will return to its normal color.

How is pityriasis alba diagnosed?

A doctor usually can tell if you have pityriasis alba just by looking at the patches on your skin. Sometimes a doctor will lightly scrape the surface of the patch to check a few skin cells. This can rule out other problems.

How is it treated?

Pityriasis alba most often goes away without treatment. It may take a few months or longer for the color of the skin to return to normal.

Using a moisturizer or cream can help relieve dry skin. If itching is a problem, talk to your doctor about what medicine might work best. Your doctor may suggest steroid creams. These can help if the skin is itchy or irritated.

If you’re out in the sun, use a sunscreen to protect your skin from too much sun. Choose a sunscreen for sensitive skin.

References

Other Works Consulted

• Habif TP (2010). Atopic dermatitis. In Clinical Dermatology, A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy, 5th ed., pp. 154–180. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.
• Habif TP (2010). Light-related diseases and disorders of pigmentation. In Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy, 5th ed., pp. 741–775. Edinburgh: Mosby.
• Habif TP, et al. (2011). Pityriasis alba. In Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed., pp. 83–85. Edinburgh: Saunders.
• Lapeere H, et al. (2012). Hypomelanoses and hypermelanoses. In LA Goldman et al., eds., Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 804–826. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Credits

Current as of: July 2, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine
Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine
Martin J. Gabica MD – Family Medicine
Randall D. Burr MD – Dermatology

Current as of: July 2, 2020

Author:
Healthwise Staff

Medical Review:E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica MD – Family Medicine & Randall D. Burr MD – Dermatology

Dry Skin Patches On Face: Causes, Treatments From Dermatologists

From the breezy chill in the air to changing color of the leaves to taking your first sip of a pumpkin spice latte of the season, there’s so much to love about fall. But once that breezy chill turns into a full-on freeze, that crisp air is way too cold—and your skin may be feeling it. We’re talking dry, flaky, itchy skin on our faces. Since there aren’t many skin issues that are worse than dealing with than that, it’s something we’d like to avoid at all costs.

Truth be told, even though most of us have experienced a dry patch or two at least once in our lives, it can be quite the challenge to get to the bottom of the matter. What on Earth is causing them? How do I get rid of them? And most importantly, how can I prevent them from popping up in the first place? Thankfully, we tapped board-certified dermatologists to help solve the dry skin mystery once and for all. It’s time to get down to the bottom of these pesky dry patches and keep them at bay for good. Ahead, get the scoop on dry patches on your face, what they look like, what causes them, and what to do to prevent those patches from creeping back.

What are dry patches?

While dry patches can be categorized as a dozen specific conditions, board-certified dermatologist Flora Kim, MD, FAAD says, “in general, dry patches on the face are localized areas where the skin is lacking in moisture.” At times, these patches can also be inflamed and irritated, leaving us with no idea what to do to fix the situation (more on that later).

These dry patches can be a number of things like eczema, irritant or contact dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, or bacterial or fungal infection, says Caren Campbell, MD, a San Francisco-based board-certified dermatologist. According to Campbell, one way to know if you’re dealing with a common winter condition, eczema, or another type of dry patch is to consider the longevity and frequency of recurrence of your dry patches. “Eczema is a chronic and recurring condition, while dry patches in isolation are likely due to circumstances or temporary triggers,” she says.

What do dry patches look like?

Unfortunately, there’s no cut and dry answer to this question because not all dry patches look the same. Dr. Kim says dry patches may be pink or red in color and feel crusty, scaly, flaky or itchy. The easiest way to point them out is to feel your skin. If there are small surface areas that are slightly raised or different in texture, like rough sandpaper, that’s most likely a dry patch.

What causes dry patches?

There are various causes of dry patches, but one of the most common causes is extreme weather changes like, cough, winter. Other times, dry patches may be symptomatic of a larger skin condition going on. Or, they can be a reflection of your skincare habits (and yes, washing your face too much can actually be detrimental to your skin) or irritating products you might be using. Here are the most likely culprits of those sandpaper-y patches.

1. Cold Weather

Even though the cold-weather season may be full of jolly and holiday cheer, it’s also known for sucking our previously hydrated skin dry. If you live in a cold, windy climate, you know this truth is all too familiar. “Skin tends to be driest in the winter because of cold temperatures, low humidity, and brisk winds,” says Dr. King. “Plus, dry heat from heaters can dry out our skin even more because more moisture is lost into the air from our skin in these conditions.”

The quickest way to combat cold weather-induced dry skin patches is to use a humidifier. They add moisture into the dry air to help hydrate your skin. They can also help if you’re dealing with a cold or the flu.

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2.

Your Makeup Remover

Taking off your makeup each night before bed is a necessary step in your nightly skincare routine. However, your makeup remover of choice could be causing damage. “Unfortunately, the same ingredients that take makeup off your skin may disrupt the microbiome [the healthy mix of good and bad bacteria on your skin’s surface] and interfere with skin barrier function,” says Joshua Zeichner, MD, a dermatologist based in New York City.

“The latest trend in skincare is products that contain probiotic ingredients to support the healthy function of the outer skin layer,” says Dr. Zeichner, who is a fan of using them to offset negative effects from your makeup remover. He recommends using a lightweight daily face moisturizer that includes probiotics to re-balance your skin. Try this one from Éminence Organic Skin Care.

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3. Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is an actual condition that causes you to suffer from dry, scaly skin. It affects more than three million people a year, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). People who have it suffer from red, scaly, swollen, and greasy skin. While seborrheic dermatitis is common on your scalp (you can blame it for your dandruff!), it can also affect more than the hair on your head.

“Dry, flaky patches that develop in your eyebrows, around the sides of the nose, and in your smile lines may actually be a form of dandruff,” says Dr. Zeichner. It might sound gross, but everyone’s skin has living yeast on it. “When yeast levels become too high, it can lead to inflammation and characteristic flaky patches,” he adds.

To stop flakes, make your dandruff shampoo do double duty as a face wash to keep skin problems in check. “Kamedis Dandruff Therapy shampoo contains zinc pyrithione to lower levels of yeast on the skin, banishing these dry patches,” explains Dr. Zeichner. The lightly foaming shampoo is also cruelty-free, a bonus to effectively healing the affected area.

Kamedis Anti-Dandruff Therapy Shampoo

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4. Eczema/Atopic Dermatitis

According to Cleveland Clinic, 15 million Americans suffer from eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis. The widespread skin issue causes inflammation of the skin that results in a red, scaly, itchy rashes.

“Eczema is a genetic condition where your skin barrier isn’t working as well as it should be, leading to loss of hydration, inflammation, and dry patches on the skin,” says Dr. Zeichner. When choosing a cleanser, watch out for “true soaps, which have an alkaline pH and disrupt the outer skin layer.” Instead, opt for a gentle, non-soap body wash that adds hydration to your skin while you take a shower such as a Dove Beauty Bar. “It’s a non-soap cleansing bar that moisturizes, soothes, and evens out skin texture. “

Dove Beauty Bar Gentle Cleanser

5. Rosacea

The AAD points out that 14 million Americans are affected by rosacea each year. “Rosacea is a condition where the skin is extra sensitive and overreactive to the environment,” says Dr. Zeichner. Some common symptoms are getting flushed easily and redness on your nose and cheeks, reports the AAD. “Patients also commonly develop dry patches,” says Dr. Zeichner.

Look for moisturizers that protect your skin from the harsh elements of the environment. Dr. Zeichner recommends Aveeno Ultra-Calming Daily Moisturizer Broad Spectrum SPF 30 for the combination of “skin-soothing oat extract with anti-inflammatory feverfew, and mineral only UV protection.”

Aveeno Ultra-Calming Fragrance-Free Daily Facial Moisturizer

6. Your Diet

There are certain factors that you can’t change, like genetics and the weather. But one you can control that plays a role in how your skin looks? Your diet. “You need to consume enough healthy fats to contribute to a healthy moisture barrier in the skin,” says Dr. King. Up your intake of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, such as salmon, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chicken, and you may see an improved complexion as a result.

7. Hot Water

Campbell says another common cause is over-washing your skin (aka what most of us have been doing since 2020, thanks to COVID-19). And unfortunately, using too hot of water can only make this matter worse. “Long or frequent baths and showers, particularly in hot water, can also dry out the skin because they remove the protective oils naturally produced by the skin,” says Dr. King. “These oils form a protective barrier to help lock in moisture and protect us from harsh environmental conditions. When the oils are lost, water more easily evaporates from the skin, and it’s left dried out.”

To remedy this issue, consider taking a shower with lukewarm water instead hot water. If your skin is turning red, the water is too hot. Dr. King recommends incorporating a gentle body wash, like the Dove Beauty Bar above, into your routine because “it won’t strip the skin of oil and moisture.” And limit your shower to no more than eight minutes a day.

8. Too Much Exfoliation

When going through your skincare routine, it’s important to avoid too much scrubbing on your skin. Over-exfoliating can mess with that protective moisture barrier and cause your hydration to seep out more easily. Skin naturally exfoliates itself, but if you want to add in a scrub or chemical exfoliant, dermatologists agree that once or twice a week is plenty.

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9. Products And Medications That Dry You Out

There are a few more common causes, like harsh or drying medications, or skincare products like retinoids, AHAs, or BHAs, Kim says.

If dry patches are taking over, it might also need to cut back on products that are potentially drying, including retinols, AHAs, and BHAs. Making the switch to fragrance-free products may also help, says Jeanine B. Downie, MD, a dermatologist in New Jersey. Fragrance can irritate skin and dry it out, which you don’t want when you’re trying to replenish your complexion.

How can you get rid of dry patches?

Thankfully, these dry patches won’t last forever. If you think you know the cause of the patches based on the above, like a new skincare product, remove the product from your routine, stat.

No matter if you can identify the cause or not, the first step to remedying a dry patch is finding a holy grail, rich, luscious moisturizer. “Try applying an effective skin barrier repairing moisturizer as soon as possible and in ample quantity,” Kim says. She recommends paying attention to your skin. Some patches may only need to be moisturized twice a day and others may require hourly care. Her go-to products for over the counter hydrators are Aquaphor Healing Ointment and CeraVe Moisturizing Cream.

Aquaphor Healing Ointment

Don’t shy away from heavy emollients to hydrate your skin all winter long, either. “Look for products that combine humectants like hyaluronic acid and glycerin with emollients like ceramides, petrolatum, and shea butter to lock in the moisture,” says Hadley King, MD, a New York-based dermatologist.

Also, consider swapping out your gel-based moisturizers and cleansers for cream-based formulations instead. If you’re acne-prone, make sure you use an oil-free moisturizer so you can apply it generously without risking a breakout. Look for labels that say non-comedogenic or non-acnegenic, which mean the product won’t clog pores or worsen acne.

CeraVe Moisturizing Cream

Campbell warns that some dry patches that are more severe may require a prescription steroid cream. And if you find the area with dry patches is red and itchy, reach for a hydrocortisone cream, which you can find at your local drugstore.

Since diagnosing your own dry patches can be quite the challenge, unless you’re a board-certified dermatologist yourself, Campbell does recommend booking an appointment with your local dermatologist to get a proper diagnosis. This is the one sure way to get rid of those patches as quickly and easily as possible.

Additional reporting by Nicole Saunders and Grace Gold

Andrea Jordan
Andrea Jordan is a freelance writer covering all things beauty, lifestyle, health and parenting.

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Flaky Skin – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Flaky skin can have environmental causes, such as temperature extremes, as cold weather outside and forced-air heat inside combine to rapidly dry out the skin. However, flaky skin can also be a response to extended exposure to heat, such as in hot baths, heated swimming pools, hot tubs, and saunas. In addition, certain drugs and chemicals can dry out the skin and cause flaking.

Finally, flaky skin is also a symptom of a number of specific disorders, including dry skin (xerosis), skin irritation, stress, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), yeast infection, fungal infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, rosacea (chronic facial redness), psoriasis (chronic disorder resulting in red, scaly skin), contact dermatitis (localized skin inflammation), allergies, and drug reactions.

Infectious causes of flaky skin

Flaky skin may be caused by infections including:

• Fungal infections such as tinea

• HIV infection

• Streptococcal or staphylococcal bacterial infections

• Yeast infections

Noninfectious causes of flaky skin

Flaky skin can also be caused by other disorders unrelated to infectious agents including:

• Allergic reactions

• Anemia

• Atopic dermatitis (scaly, itchy rash)

• Contact dermatitis (localized skin inflammation)

• Eczema

• Inherited skin disorders (ichthyosis)

• Liver and gallbladder disease

• Psoriasis (chronic disorder resulting in red, scaly skin)

• Rosacea (chronic facial redness)

• Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)

• Stress

• Xerosis (very dry skin)

Serious or life-threatening causes of flaky skin

In some cases, flaky skin may be a symptom of a serious or life-threatening condition that should be immediately evaluated. These include:

• Autoimmune disorders

• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

• Cancer (especially lymphoma, mycosis fungoides)

• Neuropathies (nerve damage in the legs and feet)

Questions for diagnosing the cause of flaky skin

To diagnose your condition, your doctor or licensed health care practitioner will ask you several questions related to your flaky skin including:

• How long have you had flaky skin?

• Do you have flaky skin in any other parts of your body?

• Have you had any redness or itching, or felt warmth near the affected site?

• Do you have any cracks or open sores?

• Have you had any blistering, oozing or pus?

• Have you had a fever?

• Do you have any allergies, or have you had any insect bites?

• Do you have any other symptoms?

• What medications are you taking?

• What skin care products do you use regularly?

What are the potential complications of flaky skin?

Dry, flaky skin seldom has any complications on its own. However, any damaged area of skin, especially dry skin, can split or crack and create an area of easy entry for bacteria into the skin. If this happens, complications from skin infections can develop.

If your flaky skin leads to an infection, failure to seek treatment can result in serious complications and permanent damage. Once the underlying cause is diagnosed, it is important for you to follow the treatment plan that you and your health care professional design specifically for you to reduce the risk of potential complications of the infection including:

• Deep-tissue skin infections

• Sepsis (life-threatening bacterial blood infection)

• Spread of infection

Dry Skin

Is this your child’s symptom?

• Cracked skin or dry, rough skin
• Cracked skin on hands, feet and lips
• Dry, rough skin of entire body surface

Causes of Cracks in the Skin

• Most cracked skin is found on the feet, hands or lips.
• Feet. The soles of the feet are most commonly involved. Most often, cracks occur on the heels and big toes. This is called tennis shoe dermatitis. Deep cracks are very painful and can bleed. The main cause is wearing wet or sweaty socks or swimming a lot.
• Hands. Cracks can develop on the hands in children. The main cause is washing the hands too much or washing dishes. Can also occur from working outside in winter weather. The worse cracks of the fingers occur with thumb sucking.
• Lips. The lips can become chapped in children from the sun or wind. If the lips become cracked, it’s usually from a “lip-licking” habit. The skin around the lips can also become pink and dry. This occurs especially in children who suck on their lips.

Causes of Dry Skin

• Dry skin is a common condition.
• Soap. Dry skin is mainly caused by too much bathing and soap (soap dermatitis). Soap removes the skin’s natural protective oils. Once they are gone, the skin can’t hold moisture.
• Climate. Dry climates make dry skin worse, as does winter weather (called winter itch).
• Genetics also plays a role in dry skin.
• Dry skin is less common in teenagers than younger children. This is because the oil glands are more active.
• Keratosis Pilaris – dry, rough, bumpy skin on the back of the upper arms. It’s made worse by soaps. Treat with moisturizing creams.
• Pityriasis Alba – dry pale spots on the face. These are more prevalent in the winter time and are also made worse by soaps. Treat with moisturizing creams.
• Eczema. Children with eczema have very dry itchy skin.

Liquid Skin Bandage For Deep, Chronic Cracks

• Liquid plastic skin bandage is a new product that seals wounds. It is a plastic coating that lasts up to 1 week.
• It is the best way to relieve pain and promote healing. As the crack heals from the bottom upward, it pushes the plastic seal up.
• After the wound is washed and dried, put the liquid on. It comes with a small brush or with a swab. It dries in less than a minute. Then apply a second coat. It’s waterproof and may last a week.
• You can buy this at any drug store. Many brands of liquid bandage are available. No prescription is needed.

When to Call for Dry Skin

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

• Fever and looks infected (spreading redness)
• Cracked red lips and fever lasts 5 days or more
• Your child looks or acts very sick
• You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

• Looks infected (pus or spreading redness)
• Bleeding from cracked lips
• Cracks on feet that make it hard to walk
• You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

• Cracks from thumb-sucking or finger-sucking
• Peeling skin and cause is not clear
• After 2 weeks of treatment, cracked lips are not healed
• After 2 weeks of treatment, cracked skin is not healed
• After 2 weeks of treatment, dry skin is still itchy
• You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

• Cracked skin on the feet
• Cracked skin on the hands
• Chapped lips
• Dry, itchy skin caused by soap or cold/dry weather

Seattle Children’s Urgent Care Locations

If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

Care Advice

Treatment for Cracked Skin on the Feet

1. What You Should Know About Cracks on Feet:
   • Most often, cracked skin of the feet is caused by repeated contact with moisture.
   • The main cause is often wearing wet (or sweaty) socks. Swimmers also have this problem.
   • The soles of the feet are most often involved. Usually, you see cracks on the heels and big toes.
   • This is called tennis shoe or sneaker dermatitis.
   • Cracked, dry feet usually can be treated at home.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Shallow Cracks – Use Ointment:
   • Cracks heal faster if protected from air exposure and drying.
   • Keep the cracks constantly covered with petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline). Put it on the cracks 3 times a day.
   • If the crack seems mildly infected, use an antibiotic ointment instead (such as Polysporin). No prescription is needed. Put it on the cracks 3 times a day.
   • Covering the ointment with a bandage (such as Band-Aid) speeds recovery. You can also cover it with a sock.
   • Option: If you have it, a liquid skin bandage works even better. Don’t use liquid bandage and ointment together.
3. Deep Cracks – Use Liquid Skin Bandage:
   • Deep cracks of the feet or toes usually do not heal with ointments.
   • Use a liquid skin bandage that will completely seal the crack. Many brands of liquid bandage are available. No prescription is needed.
   • Start with 2 layers. Put on another layer as often as needed.
   • As the crack heals, the plastic layer will be pushed up.
4. Prevention of Cracks on Feet:
   • Change socks whenever they are wet or sweaty.
   • Take an extra pair of socks to school.
   • When practical, do not wear shoes. Go barefoot or wear socks only.
   • Do not use bubble bath or other soaps in the bath water. Soaps take the natural oils out of the skin.
   • Use a moisturizing cream on the feet after baths or showers.
   • Wear shoes that allow the skin to “breathe.”
5. What to Expect:
   • Most cracks heal over in 1 week with treatment.
   • Deep cracks heal if you keep them covered all the time with crack sealer. Deep cracks will heal in about 2 weeks with crack sealer.
6. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Starts to look infected (redness, red streak, pus)
   • Cracks last more than 2 weeks on treatment
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

Treatment for Cracked Skin on the Hands

1. What You Should Know About Cracks on Hands:
   • Cracked skin of the hands is usually caused by repeated contact with moisture.
   • Examples are washing dishes or washing the hands often.
   • Soap removes the natural protective oils from the skin.
   • Cracked, dry hands usually can be treated at home.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Shallow Cracks – Use Ointment:
   • Cracks heal faster if protected from air exposure and drying.
   • Keep the cracks constantly covered with petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline). Put it on the cracks 3 times a day.
   • If the crack seems mildly infected, use an antibiotic ointment instead (such as Polysporin). No prescription is needed. Put it on the cracks 3 times a day.
   • Covering the ointment with a bandage (such as Band-Aid) speeds recovery. You can also cover it with a glove.
   • Option: If you have it, a liquid skin bandage works even better. Don’t use liquid bandage and ointment together.
3. Deep Cracks – Use Liquid Skin Bandage:
   • Deep cracks of the fingers usually do not heal with ointments.
   • Use a liquid skin bandage that will completely seal the crack. Many brands of liquid bandage are available. No prescription is needed.
   • Start with 2 layers. Put on another layer as often as needed.
   • As the crack heals, the plastic layer will be pushed up.
4. Prevention of Cracks on Hands:
   • Wash the hands with warm water.
   • Use soap only if the hands are very dirty. Also, use soap for anything that won’t come off with water.
   • Wear gloves when washing dishes.
   • During cold weather, wear gloves outside.
   • Use a moisturizing cream on the hands after anytime they have been in water.
5. What to Expect:
   • Most cracks heal over in 1 week with treatment.
   • Deep cracks heal if you keep them covered all the time with crack sealer. Deep cracks will heal in about 2 weeks with crack sealer.
6. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Starts to look infected (redness, red streak, pus)
   • Cracks last more than 2 weeks on treatment
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

Treatment for Chapped Lips

1. What You Should Know About Chapped Lips:
   • The lips can become chapped in children from too much sun or wind.
   • If the lips become cracked, it’s usually from a “lip-licking” habit.
   • The skin around the lips can also become pink and dry. This occurs especially when children suck on their lips.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Lip Balm:
   • A lip balm should be used often, even hourly.
   • Be sure to put it on after eating or drinking.
3. Avoid “Lip-Licking”:
   • Help your child give up the habit of lip-licking or sucking.
   • This habit usually is not seen before age 6.
   • This habit will only change if you can gain your child’s active participation.
   • Appeal to your child’s pride. Show your child in a mirror how lip-sucking has affected their appearance.
   • Give them a lip lubricant to put on their lips. Tell them to use it when they feel the urge to suck on them. Another option is to replace lip-sucking with chewing gum.
   • Offer an incentive for going an entire day without lip-sucking. Examples of rewards are money or points towards a prize.
   • Avoid any pressure or punishment. It will backfire, cause a power struggle and make the habit last longer.
4. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Starts to look infected (redness, red streak, pus)
   • Cracks last more than 2 weeks on treatment
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

Treatment for Dry or Itchy Skin

1. What You Should Know About Dry Skin:
   • Dry skin is a common condition.
   • Mainly caused by too much bathing and soap (soap dermatitis).
   • Soap removes the skin’s natural protective oils. Once they are gone, the skin can’t hold moisture.
   • Dry climates make it worse, as does winter weather (called winter itch).
   • Genetics also plays a role in dry skin.
   • Dry skin is less common in teenagers than younger children. This is because the oil glands are more active in teens.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Bathing – Avoid Soap:
   • Young children with dry skin should avoid all soaps. Soaps take the natural protective oils out of the skin. Bubble bath does the most damage.
   • For young children, the skin can be cleansed with warm water alone. Keep bathing to 10 minutes or less.
   • Most young children only need to bathe twice a week.
   • Teenagers can get by with using soap only for the armpits, genitals, and feet. Also, use a mild soap (such as Dove).
   • Do not use any soap on itchy areas or rashes.
3. Moisturizing Cream:
   • Buy a large bottle of moisturizing cream (such as Eucerin). Avoid those with fragrances.
   • Put the cream on any dry or itchy area 3 times per day.
   • After warm water baths or showers, trap the moisture in the skin. Do this by putting on the cream everywhere after bathing. Use the cream within 3 minutes of completing the bath.
   • During the winter, apply the cream every day to prevent dry skin.
4. Steroid Cream:
   • For very itchy spots, use 1% hydrocortisone cream (such as Cortaid). No prescription is needed.
   • Use up to 3 times per day as needed until the itching is better.
   • Eventually, the moisturizing cream will be all that you need for treating dry skin.
5. Humidifier:
   • If your winters are dry, protect your child’s skin from the constant drying effect.
   • Do this by running a room humidifier full time.
6. Preventing Dry Skin:
   • Don’t use soaps or bubble bath.
   • Wash the hands with warm water. Use soap only if the hands are very dirty. Also, use soap for anything that won’t come off with water.
   • Don’t use swimming pools or hot tubs. Reason: Pool chemicals are very drying.
   • Run a humidifier in the winter if the air is dry.
   • During cold weather, wear gloves outside. This helps prevent drying of the skin.
   • Drink lots of fluids.
7. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Dry skin lasts more than 2 weeks on treatment
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Last Reviewed: 10/14/2021

Last Revised: 09/30/2021

Copyright 2000-2021. Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

Discoid Eczema | Causes and Treatment

What is discoid eczema and what are the symptoms?

Eczema is also called dermatitis. Dermatitis is a general term which means inflammation of the skin. There are a number of different types of eczema. Discoid eczema is one of these.

Discoid eczema causes round or oval-shaped, red patches of skin on your body. So discoid refers to the disc shape of the eczema patches. Discoid eczema is also called nummular dermatitis. Nummular literally means coin-shaped, another way of describing the shape of the patches of eczema.

Discoid eczema can start as a small group of little blisters or red spots but then develops into a pinky-red, dry and scaly patch of skin. The skin patches are usually very itchy. The itching is often worse at night and can affect your sleep. Some people complain that the skin patches burn or sting.

The skin between the discoid eczema patches looks normal except that, in general, people with discoid eczema have dry skin.

Discoid Eczema – Typical Lesions

Discoid Eczema – Typical Lesion

Discoid eczema often starts on the legs. Some people will only have one or two patches of discoid eczema but others may develop many patches. In some people, patches will only be on the legs but discoid eczema can occur anywhere on the body. However, it is uncommon on the face and scalp. It tends to become worse in the winter months in cold, dry climates. Sun tends to improve the symptoms in most people. Because of these features, discoid eczema can be mistaken for psoriasis.

Sometimes the skin patches can clear in the centre, just leaving a ring of eczema (as in the second picture). If this happens, discoid eczema is sometimes mistaken for ringworm. It is quite common for patches of discoid eczema to become infected with germs (bacteria). Signs of infection include increased redness, weeping, or blistering of the skin patch.

What causes discoid eczema?

The exact cause of discoid eczema is uncertain. However, most people with discoid eczema have generally dry skin. One theory is that the dry skin upsets the normal fatty layer within the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) which usually helps to protect the skin. Because this protection is lost, special proteins that can cause allergy (allergens) can penetrate through the skin. This can lead to an allergic or irritant response in the skin, so leading to the patches of eczema. In fact, some doctors actually consider discoid eczema as a form of adult-onset atopic (allergic) dermatitis.

Sometimes certain medicines can trigger discoid eczema in some people. For example, medicines used to treat hepatitis C infection (called interferon and ribavirin). Insect bites or injury to the skin can also trigger an outbreak of discoid eczema in some people.

Because the fatty, protective layer within the skin is lost, it is thought that some people with discoid eczema may also have an increased risk of developing contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is eczema that is caused by your skin reacting to a substance it has come into contact with. Such substances can include nickel in jewellery or belt buckles, cosmetics, preservatives in creams and ointments, additives to leather, etc. See the separate leaflet called Contact Dermatitis for more details.

How common is discoid eczema and who gets

it?

Discoid eczema is quite common and probably affects about 2 in 1,000 people. It seems to be more common in men than in women. Discoid eczema can affect men and women of any age but it most commonly affects people aged between 50 and 65. It also affects women between the ages of 15 and 25. It is rare in children.

How is discoid eczema diagnosed?

It is diagnosed by the typical skin appearance. If your doctor is uncertain about the diagnosis then he or she may need to exclude a fungal skin infection. For example, if there has been clearing of the skin rash in the centre (as described above), they may suggest scraping a few skin cells off a skin patch. These can then be sent off to the laboratory to look for a fungal infection. If your doctor is worried that there may be a bacterial infection of a skin patch, they may take a sample (swab). Again, this can be sent to the laboratory to look for this type of infection.

If your doctor feels that you may have contact dermatitis, they may suggest skin patch testing. In this procedure, tiny amounts of up to 25 or more substances are applied as small patches to your skin, usually on your upper back. They are fixed on with non-allergic tape. Some days later, you return to the skin department and the patches are removed. Your skin is examined to see if there is a reaction to any of the tested substances. See the separate leaflet called Patch Testing for Contact Dermatitis for more details. 

What is the treatment for discoid eczema?

Treatment is aimed at:

• Restoring fluid to your skin (called rehydration).
• Treating the skin inflammation.
• Also treating any infection that may be present.

Treatment to help reduce itching may also be suggested.

Skin rehydration treatment

This is done by using emollients. Emollients are often called moisturisers. They are lotions, creams, ointments and bath/shower additives which oil your skin to keep it supple and moist. Emollients should be used as soap substitutes when you are washing, as regular soap tends to dry out your skin. Bath or shower twice a day in cool water, followed by application of an emollient.

Regular use of emollients is the most important part of the day-to-day treatment for people with discoid eczema. Emollients prevent your skin from becoming dry and help to protect your skin from irritants. They should be used on all of your skin and not just the areas affected by discoid eczema. It is particularly important to carry on with daily moisturising of your skin even after a flare-up of discoid eczema has healed. This is to help reduce the chance of a further flare-up.

There are many types and brands of emollients, ranging from runny lotions to thick ointments. The difference between lotions, creams and ointments is the proportion of oil (lipid) to water. The lipid content is lowest in lotions, intermediate in creams and highest in ointments. The higher the lipid content, the greasier and stickier it feels and the shinier it looks on the skin. As a general rule, the higher the lipid content (the more greasy and thick the emollient), the better and longer it works but the messier it is to use. See the separate leaflet called Moisturisers for Eczema (Emollients) for more details.

The use of petroleum jelly is sometimes recommended to keep the skin hydrated.

Topical steroids to reduce inflammation

A topical steroid is a steroid cream or ointment that is applied to your skin. In discoid eczema, topical steroids are applied to the skin patches to reduce inflammation. Ointments tend to be better than creams because they tend to hold water in your skin better and form a better protective barrier for your skin.

Do not use the steroid cream or ointment on normal skin. Also, steroids should only be used when discoid eczema has flared up. They should not be used in between times to keep discoid eczema away. This is because long-term steroid cream use can have some effects on your skin, including thinning of your skin. See the separate leaflet called Topical Steroids for Eczema for more details.

Sometimes wet wrap treatments are used with a topical steroid to treat discoid eczema. Your skin is made wet first with lukewarm water so that it is well hydrated. Then, a steroid ointment is applied to the affected areas of skin. Next, damp pyjamas or bandaging are used to seal in the steroid ointment for around one hour. However, do not try such treatments unless advised by your doctor.

In severe cases, steroid tablets taken by mouth or given by injection may be needed to treat discoid eczema.

Note: when using both an emollient and a topical steroid, you should apply the emollient first. Wait 10-15 minutes after applying an emollient before applying a topical steroid. That is, the emollient should be allowed to absorb before a steroid is applied. (The skin should be moist or slightly tacky but not slippery, when applying the steroid.)

Treatment of infection

You may need antibiotic medication if there is bacterial infection of discoid eczema patches. This may be in a cream or tablet form depending on the severity of the infection.

Treatment to reduce itching

Antihistamine tablets may help to reduce itching and may be particularly useful at night when trying to sleep. However, some antihistamines can make you feel drowsy (even the next day). So, you should not drive and you should not operate machinery if they affect you in this way.

Other treatments

Tar preparations may be helpful, especially in areas of skin that have been thickened and scaly for a long time.

Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are other creams that may be used to help reduce inflammation in some people with discoid eczema. They may be considered in some people if steroid treatment is not working.

Because discoid eczema tends to improve in the sun, ultraviolet (UV) light treatment (phototherapy) can sometimes be helpful as a treatment. The UV radiation helps to reduce the inflammation in the skin. However, care should be taken, as exposure to UV radiation does carry its own risks of skin damage. This includes an increased risk of skin cancers. So, the risks of this type of treatment need to be weighed against the benefits. This type of treatment is usually used if discoid eczema is severe or other treatments have not worked.

Medicines that suppress your immune system may occasionally be needed to treat discoid eczema. They include medicines such as ciclosporin. Again, they are usually only used in severe cases of discoid eczema that are very difficult to treat and have not responded to other treatments.

Are there any possible complications?

As mentioned above, bacterial infection of a patch of discoid eczema can occur and needs to be treated with antibiotics. Also, care should be taken to avoid scratching the itchy patches where possible. If you scratch a skin patch too much, scarring of your skin can occur.

After a discoid eczema skin patch has healed, in many people there will be no residual signs. However, in some people there can be some permanent brown discolouration of the skin in the affected area. In others, the affected area of skin can become paler than the surrounding skin.

What is the outlook for discoid eczema?

Once discoid eczema has been successfully treated, a flare-up can occur again in the future. Therefore, you should take care to keep your skin well hydrated with emollients to try to reduce the chance of future flare-ups. Where possible, you should also try to avoid anything that may have triggered the eczema, such as hot baths or irritating clothing. You might find a humidifier in the room helps to reduce flare-ups. If flare-ups do occur, they often affect the same areas of skin as before.

Keratosis Pilaris: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Keratosis pilaris (ker uh TOH siss pill AIR iss) is a dry skin type. It looks like dry, rough, small bumps that are flesh-colored or pink and can feel like sandpaper or chicken skin. It is usually not itchy.

The most common areas for these bumps are on the back of the arms, front of the thighs and face (cheeks). It can be widespread on the body, but this is less common.

Keratosis pilaris is often hereditary (runs in the family) so relatives may also have these skin bumps. It is not contagious (is not passed from person to person). It is caused by dead skin that plugs the pores, forming the hard, dry bumps.

Diagnosis

Your child’s doctor can diagnose this during a physical exam. No further testing is needed. Often children with keratosis pilaris will also have other sensitive dry skin problems such as eczema. (See Helping Hand HH-I-104, Eczema.)

Treatment

Keratosis pilaris may never go away completely. There are treatments that can help. Once treatment is stopped, the bumps often return.

• Using unscented, gentle moisturizers daily can improve how the bumps look. (See Helping Hand HH-IV-130, Dry Skin Care)
• Some moisturizers (such as CeraVeSA® or Lac-Hydrin®) contain ceramides or a mild acid. These can help remove dead skin cells from the skin’s surface (exfoliate). They may help clear the dead skin plugs. Moisturizers that contain urea may also be helpful.
• A mild topical (on the skin) corticosteroid can be used if the bumps are itchy.
• Avoid harsh exfoliators, picking or constant manipulation of the bumps. This can cause more irritation.

Some areas of keratosis pilaris on your child may improve with age. However, this condition typically continues. If your child is not bothered by these areas, then no treatment is needed.

Keratosis Pilaris (PDF)

HH-I-414 3/17 Copyright 2017 Nationwide Children’s Hospital

5 Tips to Help Kids This Winter > News > Yale Medicine

Winter’s icy outdoor temperatures and dry indoor heat can be tough on children’s tender skin, making it feel dry, irritated and scratchy. Colder weather can be especially trying for those with a severe dry skin condition known as atopic dermatitis, commonly called eczema.

The condition affects about 17 percent of children, most of whom first develop it before age 5 and usually as infants, says dermatologist Richard Antaya, MD, director Pediatric Dermatology at Yale Medicine. Its cause is unknown. But doctors say people with this condition have a problem with their skin barrier—known as the stratum corneum—that makes it more sensitive.

It’s important to have a healthy stratum corneum because this barrier is the body’s defense against the world, protecting your child from everything from bacteria to irritants such as the sun or chemicals. People with atopic dermatitis (eczema) have a compromised barrier that doesn’t function normally. It’s less able to retain water to stay hydrated and is more likely to become irritated and unable to fight off microbes that can cause infection. Winter dryness challenges the barrier’s ability to function further and can cause flare ups.

“Atopic dermatitis is hereditary and is usually seen in families where other members have eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma,” explains Dr. Antaya. It can crop up on the legs or hands, and in children, it frequently affects the face.

That’s the case for Morgan Voeker, 4, of Guilford, Conn. “One afternoon after playing outside, I noticed a dry, bumpy red patch of skin on her cheek,” says her mother Sue Voeker. “I knew it was eczema—something my husband’s family deals with, too.” 

Atopic dermatitis can run the gamut from mild like Morgan’s to severe. “For children with mild disease, it can be easily managed, but for patients who have moderate to severe disease, it can be life altering,” says Dr. Antaya. “It’s comparable, in terms of stress and expense, to other severe diseases in children, and it has a profound effect on quality of life,” he says. 

There is no cure for eczema. Dry, irritated, bumpy patches can crust over and are difficult not to scratch, especially for youngsters. And scratching only makes matters worse—those patches with further damage to the natural barrier of the skin are at even higher risk of infection. But proper treatment can help the child and her family.

“When a child has atopic dermatitis,” explains Dr. Antaya, “she doesn’t sleep well, which means her parents aren’t sleeping well, and everyone involved experiences the stress associated with sleep deprivation.” Generally, within four or five days of proper therapy, he says, most of our patients are more comfortable (and sleeping better at night).

Fragranced skincare products, prickly fabrics like wool or polyester, heat and sweating can all be triggers. Adjusting how you care for your child’s eczema with the steps below can help. Try these tips year-round—they’re helpful for anyone whose skin is even mildly dry or sensitive:

#1 Adjust bath-time routines

It’s okay to skip a night. Daily baths or showers aren’t necessary for children ages 6 to 11, according to The American Academy of Dermatology. “Excessive bathing can increase water loss from the skin, worsening the dryness associated with eczema,” says Yale Medicine dermatologist Sara Perkins, MD. 

To prevent that from happening, try these tub tips:    

• Bathe children only as needed for hygiene.
• Shorten bathing or showering time to less than 10 minutes.
• Use tepid temperatures, which are less irritating to the skin. “Hot water stimulates nerve endings,” says Dr. Antaya. “It only makes the itching and dryness worse.”
• Pat skin dry with a towel. Rubbing further irritates the already compromised skin barrier.

#2 Don’t soap up

It’s important to reconsider what you’re washing your child’s skin with as well. “The soap you wash with may be part of the problem, and that ‘squeaky-clean’ feeling likely means you’ve removed too much moisture,” says Dr. Perkins. To try:

• Use a soap-free cleanser from face to toe that is less likely to strip skin of its protective natural oils. Dermatologists often recommend Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser or Olay Complete Body Wash. Look for products with the National Eczema Association Seal of Acceptance on product labels.
• Skip sudsy bubble baths—the detergents in them further dry out skin, she says.
• Do not use deodorizing soap. The added scents can irritate sensitive skin.

#3 Moisturize


Thick emollients, or moisturizers, are a must to combat dryness. “For kids with a family history of atopic dermatitis, allergies or asthma, start moisturizing them as soon as you can after birth,” Dr. Antaya says. “Early moisturizing has been shown to decrease incidence of atopic dermatitis, presumably by protecting the skin barrier.”

Here are some moisturizing musts to note:

• Use moisturizer liberally at least twice a day.
• Apply moisturizer from head to toe within three minutes of bathing when the skin is still damp to seal in moisture and help replenish skin hydration, says Dr. Antaya.
• Use a scent-free product such as Aquaphor or CeraVe Moisturizing Cream. 

#4 Rethink clothes—and how to wash them

“Fragranced products of any kind that come in contact with the skin can potentially cause an allergic reaction,” says Yale Medicine dermatologist Christine Ko, MD. “Any residue left on clothing can also lead to skin irritation.” If you or your child has sensitive skin, adjust how you wash clothing, sheets and blankets to help prevent allergic and irritant reactions, she says.

• Don’t use fragranced detergents, fabric softeners, dryer sheets or antistatic sheets.
• Always wash clothes before wear to remove finishing chemicals such as formaldehyde, flame retardants and dyes that can trigger sensitivity or allergic skin reactions.
• Opt for 100 percent cotton or silk clothing, mittens and hats as opposed to wool, which can be prickly, or polyester, which can cause sweating (another trigger for eczema).
• Avoid overdressing your child in heavy clothing. It’s better to dress them in layers and to open or remove jackets, as necessary, to avoid excessive sweating.  

#5 Talk to your doctor

If you think your child may have something more than garden-variety dry skin, see a dermatologist for eczema evaluation, says Dr. Antaya. It’s best to make an appointment when there is a flare up. Your doctor will perform a visual inspection of dry skin patches to make a diagnosis—there is no blood test for atopic dermatitis.

Here are some ways dermatologists help children with this type of eczema:

• They may prescribe a hydrocortisone cream to apply topically to control itchiness. Though some people may be concerned about potential side effects, few actually experience problems, says Dr. Antaya.
• Your doctor may recommend an oral anti-itch medication such as an antihistamine like diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Be sure to follow the dermatologist’s or pediatrician’s guidelines on age, usage and dosage. 
• Biologic medications are now becoming available for atopic dermatitis. The newest—dupilumab—was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2017. Biologics are immunotherapy drugs made from natural proteins, not synthetics. They target specific parts of the immune system instead of suppressing it in its entirety. To date, these drugs are currently only approved for patients 18 years and older, but studies show that they may be effective for children. Further research will be required.
  

In the end, always use your judgment. If your child is having a hard time sleeping due to itchiness or the condition seems to be worsening, make an appointment with a dermatologist. He or she can help care for your child’s skin and identify specific triggers in winter or at other times of year.


Find out more about atopic dermatitis, or click here to see a dermatologist about a skin concern.

90,000 Dry skin: why skin gets dry and how to care for it

The feeling of tightness in the skin brings discomfort and irritation to life. Any actions can be unpleasant: touching certain parts of the body, rubbing clothes. Often this is unpleasant not only tactilely, but also aesthetically: peeling and dry areas on the face look quite repulsive. In order to solve this problem, you should understand why the skin is dry before buying professional cosmetics to care for it.

Causes of dryness and tightness of the skin

One of the common problems that almost all people have encountered in one way or another is dry body skin. There are various reasons for this:

• Unfavorable weather conditions: frost, wind, heat, scorching sun. This applies to those parts of the body that are not hidden under clothing: first of all, this is the face. The arms and neck can also be particularly affected.
• Power supply features.Asking the question “why does the skin peel off?”, People often do not think about the connection of this phenomenon with their nutrition. An excess of sweet and salty foods in the diet, excessive consumption of coffee, strong tea and alcohol, as well as a lack of drinking water can provoke a moisture deficit in the body, which leads to dry skin. The negative effect is increased by strict diets, lack of fat and certain vitamins.
• Lack of moisture in the air at home and / or at work – where a person spends a lot of time.
• Lack of competent care. If the skin becomes dry, it is worth reconsidering its care. Too frequent and aggressive peels and scrubs, lack of nourishing and moisturizing agents, as well as dummy products that only create the appearance of a beneficial effect can aggravate the problem. Also, trips to the solarium, frequent and prolonged hot baths are harmful.
• Skin types that are often not considered when choosing skin care. Dry and mixed skin types are difficult to maintain in optimal condition.

Signs of dry skin

How to determine if the skin needs hydration? Here are a few signs to help you do this:

• Tightness up to painful sensations;
• Peeling, exfoliation of fragments of the epidermis – the upper layer of the skin;
• Isolated scaly patches;
• Discomfort from touch, roughness and roughness of the skin;
• A dull, pale appearance is not an exclusive, but almost always found sign;
• Desensitization of overdried areas.

If at least one of these signs is present, there is a problem and it must be solved.

How to determine the rate of oily skin

The skin can be dry, normal, oily and combination. A test for oily skin will help determine its type in order to draw up the right plan for further action.

You need to attach a paper towel to your face and hold it for a while. If it remains completely dry and clean, excessive dryness of the epidermis is obvious.Very light traces of sebum indicate that everything is normal, an excessive amount of it indicates excessive fat content.

Normally, the skin feels soft and smooth. They are not subject to excessive sensitivity, light touching them does not cause unpleasant or painful sensations. They have a natural shade, do not peel and at the same time do not have excessive shine. Sebum slightly moisturizes them, keeping them in optimal condition.

Dry skin care recommendations

Caring for dry skin of the body should be based on a competent integrated approach.First of all, it is necessary to reconsider nutrition. A very small number of people have the habit of eating right – most violate the principles of a healthy diet to one degree or another.

The diet should be healthy, it is recommended to exclude alcohol, limit the use of salt, sugar and drinks containing caffeine. Drinking regimen is very important: a sufficient amount of clean water drunk per day will significantly help in solving the problem.

The air in the room where a person spends most of the time should be humidified.For this purpose, special devices are suitable. It is not recommended to stay away from central heating appliances for a long time.

It is also worth reviewing your shower and bathing habits. It is not recommended to wash with regular soap. It is best to choose a gentle shower gel that will not dry out your skin. It is better to refuse aggressive scrubs with large abrasive particles altogether, and reduce the use of soft peels to 1 time in 2 weeks. After showering, it is recommended to apply a special moisturizing and softening body cream.Sensitive skin will heal faster if you wear soft, natural fabrics and limit synthetics.

Good habits for dry skin

• Dry skin in winter is often caused not so much by cold as by seasonal vitamin deficiency. Taking additional vitamin complexes after consulting a doctor can significantly alleviate the situation.
• Increasing the amount of healthy fats in your diet may also be a solution.This is of particular relevance in light of the popularity of rigid diets among women. Very dry skin of the face can be caused by a banal lack of nutrients from food.
• Many lovers of hot showers and baths are worried about dry skin. What to do in this case? It is worth getting used to taking a warm shower that does not burn the body. It can be a useful and pleasant habit to add various oils to your bath water that have a moisturizing effect.
• The habit of wearing clothes made from natural fabrics – cotton, linen and soft wool – can be an unexpected solution to the problem.Synthetic fabrics can rub excessively, provoking a violation of the integrity of the skin and even greater dryness.

Dryness of the skin is a completely solvable problem if you approach it correctly and use effective methods of struggle. Professional body cosmetics will come in handy here. You should not endure the discomfort associated with this, reducing the quality of life and attractiveness, it is enough just to make some effort, and soon the result will be obvious.

90,000 7 reasons and a review of 11 products with reviews

What you need to know about skin peeling

Exfoliation of the skin of the body is an unpleasant problem, but it can be solved.Answer a few questions.

“If there is a predisposition to decreased lipid production, then this applies to both the skin of the face and body (dry skin type, atopic dermatitis). In addition, the skin becomes drier with age: after 40 years the greasy shine on the face disappears, but at the same time the skin of the body, feet and hands often suffers from a feeling of tightness, becomes rough and flakes. “

1. 1

   Do you get an unpleasant feeling of tightness after a shower?
   Our test will tell you which shower product to choose.

   15

   How do you feel about fragrances?

   2/5

   How long do you shower?

   3/5

   What water temperature do you prefer?

   4/5

   Do you moisturize your skin after a shower?

   5/5

   Which washcloth do you use?

2. 2

   If you do not apply the cream, dry areas appear on the legs (in the lower leg area) and on the hands?

3. 3

   After a long time spent in the cold or, on the contrary, in the sun, is there a feeling of discomfort?

4. 4

   Are small dry scales visible on the skin?

5. 5

   Is dryness familiar to your skin?

If you answered yes to most of the questions, then most likely your skin is prone to flaking.

Signs of peeling skin

There is probably no need to talk about how flaky skin looks like. This usually manifests itself as follows:

• the skin is irritated;

• itches;

• dry scales appear on the surface.

Answer the questions in our test to find out what you are missing in your daily skincare routine.

15

What’s your favorite cleanser?

2/5

How often do you intensively cleanse?

3/5

Do you use tonic?

4/5

Do you have a moisturizer?

5/5

Do you use the night cream?

Consequences of skin peeling

First, it’s unaesthetic.Secondly, it causes discomfort. And still there are people who ignore the problem. It is absolutely impossible to do this, because peeling of the skin can be a manifestation of serious skin diseases.

In case of too abundant separation of scales on the skin, we advise you to consult a dermatologist. After the examination and based on the test results, the doctor will suggest the optimal treatment program.

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Causes of peeling of the skin of the body

Dermatologists believe that the main cause is a violation of the protective hydrolipidic mantle of the skin.In other words, moisture evaporates too quickly from the surface of the epidermis. Among the provocateurs of peeling, there are a number of other factors.

1. 1

   Negative influence of the environment . Basically, these are climatic conditions: frost, heat, dry air in rooms as a result of the operation of air conditioners or heating devices.

2. 2

   Hot water . It dries the skin very much, and at the same time deprives it of its tone.

3. 3

   Frequent use of scrubs and hard washcloths, and therefore mechanical damage to the protective barrier of the skin.

4. 4

   Household chemicals . Wear protective gloves when working with aggressive agents.

5. 5

   Lack of fluid in the body . Observe the drinking regime (30 ml of pure non-carbonated water per 1 kg of body weight per day).

6. 6

   Lack of vitamins A, E, D, F, group B. Their deficiency will be confirmed only by a blood test, therefore, no self-activity and uncontrolled intake of vitamin preparations.

7. 7

   Allergy and other skin diseases.

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Possible causes of dry skin and peeling of the body

Skin peeling can occur in both men and women. The difference, perhaps, is that women are more likely to use cosmetics that can provoke allergic reactions and peeling.

For women

Dryness and flaking of the skin can be the result of the wrong choice of cosmetics or excessive “care”.One example is cleansing to a squeak, which is categorically contraindicated for any skin type.

For men

Peeling is most often observed on the scalp, in which case we can talk about seborrheic dermatitis. Less commonly, peeling occurs on the skin of the face and body. This is due to:

• nervous strain;

• clothing made of fabrics that irritate the skin;

• violation of thermoregulation due to high physical exertion;

• skin or other diseases, allergic reactions.

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How to get rid of peeling skin

Before dealing with peeling, it is worth finding out its cause. If the problem is not a medical one, it can be solved quickly enough. For example, with the help of well-chosen cosmetics.

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Cosmetic products

Skin prone to redness and flaking is considered sensitive and requires delicate care.

• When washing or showering, adjust the temperature of the water so that it is not hot.

• Give preference to light textures.

• Avoid products with irritating ingredients (alkali, essential oils).

• In the composition, look for ingredients that soothe (allantoin, panthenol, niacinamide) and strengthen the walls of blood vessels (vitamins C and K, horse chestnut extract).

• Use thermal water. Its mineral composition will help strengthen the skin’s protective barrier, preventing dryness and flaking.

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Salon procedures

1. 1

   Microcurrent therapy allows you to optimize metabolic processes in skin cells. The impact occurs with weak electrical impulses, which improves lymphatic drainage. Usually, 5–8 procedures are enough to achieve the result.

2. 2

   Mesotherapy – vitamin injections with amino acids and minerals. The procedure helps to moisturize the skin, and the peeling gradually disappears.

3. 3

   Biorevitalization is an effective way to saturate the skin with hyaluronic acid and start the process of collagen and elastin synthesis, as well as moisturize the epidermis.

Mesotherapy and biorevitalization are performed only on the face, décolleté and hands.

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Funds overview

We have compiled a selection for complex body skin care for peeling. So that the care is both comfortable and helps to reduce the problem.

Gentle Cleansing

Lipid-replenishing oil emollient for bath and shower Lipikar AP + Oil, La Roche-Posay

Very comfortable care product for dry skin prone to atopy. The active ingredients are shea butter, the patented Aqua Posae Filiformis ingredient and the strengthening protective barrier niacinamide (vitamin B3). By cleansing the skin, the oil softens it.

Moisturizing cleansing cream-gel for normal to dry skin of the body, CeraVe

Does not contain soap, which is important for dry skin of the body, but is rich in ceramides, which provide a regenerating effect after the first use.It also contains hyaluronic acid for active hydration, phytosphingosine and cholesterol, which generally helps the product cleanse the skin without damaging its protective barrier.

Creme de Corps Smoothing Oil-To-Foam Body Cleanser , Kiehl’s

Upon contact with water, it turns into a light foam, does not contain soap, but it contains a wonderful set of oils: coconut, grape seed, sunflower, corn, castor, avocado – as well as vitamin E and a skin-soothing rosemary extract.Such a cocktail will surely help to cope with dryness. Considering that all this is “seasoned” with the aroma of vanilla and almonds, it is a pleasure to use.

Soothing shower gel for sensitive skin of babies, children and adults Lipikar Gel Lavant, La Roche-Posay

Thanks to shea butter and niacinamide, the gel helps to restore the protective barrier of the skin. Paraben and fragrance free.

Lipid-reducing cream-shower gel for babies, children and adults Lipikar Syndet AP +, La Roche-Posay

Formula with Shea Butter, Niacinamide and Aqua Posay Filiformis restores the microbiome, strengthens the skin’s protective barrier.

Moisturizers and nourishing products for dry body skin

Lipid-replenishing balm for face and body Lipikar Baume AP + M, La Roche-Posay

The balm is intended for the care of dry and atopic-prone skin, restores the protective barrier of the skin, reduces the feeling of dryness and associated discomfort. The effect is achieved, among other things, thanks to the exclusive component Aqua Posae Filiformis, which regulates the natural microflora of the skin, niacinamide, as well as shea and rapeseed oils.

Moisturizing cream for dry to very dry skin of the face and body, Cerave

The rich formula with three ceramides helps to restore the natural protective barrier of the skin, literally repair the skin’s hydrolipid mantle, integrating into it and thus relieving dryness and possible flaking. Hyaluronic acid and other favorite components of the brand (phytosphingosine, cholesterol, glycerin) help to moisturize and strengthen the skin.

Soothing Melting Body Milk with Bifido Complex and Oat Milk, Garnier

The hypoallergenic formula of the milk is suitable for the care of dry and sensitive skin of both adults and children.Bifidocomplex helps to strengthen the natural protective barrier of the skin and thus helps to fight dryness. Oat milk softens and moisturizes the skin.

Restoring and nourishing body cream Nutrix Royal Body, Lancôme

The formula of the cream for dry to very dry skin is aimed at nourishing and regenerating the skin. The product gives a feeling of comfort, the skin remains hydrated for 24 hours, it becomes soft to the touch.

Melting Body Milk with Aloe, Garnier

Light texture is well absorbed, does not leave a greasy and sticky film.Immediately after application, it provides a feeling of comfort, moisturizes and softens the skin.

Back to the top 90,000 Skin dryness (Skin conjunctiva): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Causes

The causes of dry skin are various environmental factors or diseases that lead to disruption of the functioning of the skin. The currently suspected causes of xerosis are:

• sun rays. Directed UV rays penetrate the epidermis and can even affect the dermis (deep layer), which destroys collagen and elastin;
• climatic factors.In winter, the skin tends to become dry as the air temperature drops, so winter conditions provoke skin problems;
• hot tub. Long and frequent use of hot water baths destroys the lipid balance of the skin. It also happens when swimming in highly chlorinated pools;
• central heating. Fireplaces and air conditioners that do not have the function of humidifying the air can also provoke dry skin;

90 011 psoriasis. An itchy skin disease also causes dry skin;

• harsh soap.Modern shower products often contain surfactants that disrupt the lipid membrane and cause dryness;
• thyroid diseases. Due to these diseases, the activity of the glands can decrease, and therefore dry skin appears;
• atopic dermatitis – refers to a type of eczema that affects dry and sensitive skin.

Symptoms

Often, xerosis is a temporary problem that worries only during a certain period of the year, although it can be observed throughout life.The manifestation of the problem and its characteristic symptoms depend on age, general health of the body and on living in a particular place.

The most common symptoms are identified:

• skin redness, possibly in certain areas;
• Tightening sensation, especially after a bath;

90 011 cracks in the skin of various types;

• Dehydrated and wrinkled skin;
• roughness;

90,011 itching;

• peeling.

If the manifestation of the problem disrupts the normal routine of life, then you need to consult a dermatologist.This should usually be done when itching or dryness interferes with sleep, the skin does not improve with certain measures, and there is severe flaking of the skin accompanied by redness or ulcers.

Diagnostics

Peeling and dry skin is accompanied by internal diseases, and therefore, the doctor must take tests to identify specific causes. Sometimes a close examination of the skin area is enough to determine, for example, a violation of the thyroid gland or disturbed hormone levels.

Skin diseases associated with dry skin:

• ichthyosis – in this disease, skin cells in some areas resemble fish scales. The scales can be white or brown. This condition often causes deep cracks in the palms or feet;
• follicular keratosis. It is accompanied by small pimples, which usually manifest themselves on the arms and legs. Because of these pimples, the skin looks rather rough, like sandpaper.But they are practically the same color as the body, sometimes a little reddish;

90 011 psoriasis – this disease is accompanied by characteristic dryness and scaling. The affected areas of the skin become red, covered with scales. Sometimes this disease is also combined with infections.

Treatment

If a person is concerned about itching and dry skin, you should consult a doctor.

When there are serious skin problems: psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, creams and ointments are used that contain corticosteroids – Advantan, Elokom, Celestoderm V.Antibiotics can sometimes be part of treatment, especially if an infection could be the cause.

Naturally, if the skin is dry, then it is not always possible to achieve the desired result – flawless skin:

• Take hot baths less often, lasting no more than 15 minutes. In addition, it is much better to use warm water;
• Moisturize your skin, for this now there are many products that contribute to the long-term preservation of moisture in the skin. Especially effective is oil for newborns;
• Do not forget about a humidifier, as dry air often dries out the skin, so it is advisable to use at least a portable humidifier;
• Avoid harsh or harsh soaps or skimp on skin cleansers.It is advisable to use soap containing oils;
• Choose clothes made from natural fibers;
• After bathing, use moisturizers and lightly pat your skin with a towel.

Take care of your baby’s skin

The skin of babies and children is much more fragile and sensitive than that of
adults. Many mothers wonder how to properly care for their skin.
child so that she is as healthy as possible.To keep your skin healthy
baby and protect the skin from irritants, parents should be vigilant and
careful in the choice of care products.

There is a difference between the skin needs of a newborn baby, toddler up to 3
years old and a child from 3 to 10-12 years old. Generally, children and infants should not
use hygiene products and skin care products intended
for adults.

What are the features
skin of babies and children?

“Baby-like skin” is an expression commonly used when referring to
about soft and velvety skin, but this is not entirely true.At birth, the baby’s skin is already fully formed, but it is thinner and more vulnerable,
than in an adult, and is unable to effectively perform its barrier function.
A few weeks after birth, the baby’s skin stops producing sebum,
and the sebaceous glands in the skin are not activated until adolescence.
Thus, the hydrolipid layer becomes thinner, which means less
its barrier function becomes effective. As a result, the skin becomes
drier and more susceptible to pathogens and allergens.

The skin of babies and toddlers is highly absorbent, therefore all products
applied to baby skin, are absorbed and enter the bloodstream faster than
adults. Therefore, for the hygiene of the child’s skin, it is important to use gentle products,
which guarantee very good tolerance and have a high level of
safety while meeting strict production requirements.

Children’s skin and
atopic dermatitis

Various external irritants such as wind, cold, hard water and heating,
weaken the skin of the child, make it drier and more reactive.With atopic
dermatitis, the baby’s skin is very dry and rough, sometimes with red spots. Leather
it becomes itchy, the child’s sleep is disturbed.

Atopic dermatitis is a very common type of dermatosis that can begin
in the second or third month of life and in most cases disappears after
some years. Atopic skin suffers from increased corneal permeability
layer due to lipid deficiency and therefore no longer properly
perform a barrier function.This causes inflammation and an outbreak of atopic
dermatitis, most often accompanied by severe itching.

When scratching the affected areas, wounds are formed that are harmful
skin. Children’s skin becomes more permeable to allergens. Atopic
dermatitis occurs in two successive phases – exacerbation (spots, itching,
risk of infection) and remission (symptoms decrease, but the skin remains dry and
itchy). There are 3 main types of environmental allergens that are more common
in total cause acute inflammatory reactions:

Aeroallergens: dust mites, pollen, mold and fungal spores, wool
cats and dogs

Food allergens

Contact allergens: nickel, fragrances

Skin irritation
around the mouth

Irritation around the mouth is characterized by redness, small pimples,
dryness and roughness. Perioral
dermatitis occurs around the mouth under the influence of profuse salivation, with
prolonged use of a pacifier, thumb sucking, or while teething
teeth. The enzyme amylase, which is found in saliva, increases irritation.
In winter, perioral dermatitis is aggravated by cold and wind.

How to do it right
to care for the skin of babies and children?

1. Daily attention

· Pay attention to risk areas: face, skin
around the mouth, the area under the diaper and all the folds on the skin.

· Always consult your pharmacist or pediatrician when choosing skin care products.

Avoid wool and synthetics when choosing
tight clothing.

Make sure that the air in the room where the
child, not too dry, and the air temperature does not exceed 20 ° C.

2. Hygiene

· Use a mild hygiene product, do not
containing soap that protects the skin
baby and does not irritate the skin and eyes. When bathing your child, make sure that
the temperature of the water in the bath was not higher than 35 ° C, as heat increases dryness
skin.

After bathing, dry your skin thoroughly and gently
baby with a soft towel, paying particular attention to creases.

Then apply a moisturizer to your baby’s delicate skin.
cream with very high tolerance.

cotton pads and soap-free hygiene products such as micellar water. it
will help to avoid contact with the city
hard water, which can irritate the skin.

3. Care

· The skin of babies and children is very delicate, therefore
it is important to learn how to properly protect it from external stimuli.Use
moisturizers and nourishing creams or milk with a high level of safety and
portability.

If the child has normal skin, daily
Apply a moisturizing milk that nourishes and protects the skin.

If the skin is prone to dryness, choose especially
nourishing creams that restore the barrier function of the skin,
prevent itching and provide instant comfort.

BIODERMA ABCDerm – baby and infant skin care

special cleaning and care products.To maintain and
restore the natural physiological balance of the delicate skin of babies,
BIODERMA has created a product line ABCDerm ,
suitable for babies from birth (excluding premature
children).

To wash baby’s body, face and hair, use ABCDerm Gel Moussant is a gentle, soap-free cleansing gel,
which maintains the integrity of the skin barrier. In addition, it forms a light
foam for a pleasant bathing of the baby.

For skin moisturizing use ABCDerm Hydratant – gentle moisturizing
milk, which creates a protective layer and strengthens the natural skin barrier,
and also limits the factors causing irritation.

For daily cleansing use micellar water ABCDerm h3O or
micellar wipes ABCDerm h3O Lingettes , which are very comfortable and practical when you are with
baby are out of the house.Extra gentle micellar water supports
natural balance, soothes and softens the skin.

Cream for irritated skin around the mouth ABCDermPeri-oral blocks the irritation of saliva, soothes the skin,
reduces redness, limits the growth of bacteria and protects the skin.

The ABCDERM line meets the following dermatological requirements: safety (reducing the risk of allergies
thanks to carefully selected ingredients), efficiency (carefully selected safe ingredients in
optimal dosages with proven dermatological efficacy), tolerance (minimum quantity
components to ensure portability and comfort) and control (mandatory control at every stage of production up to
until the moment of sale).

90,000 Skin care in old age

Skin problems in old age:

With age, the condition of the human skin undergoes natural changes. Skin changes depend on various factors: heredity, environment, climate in the place of residence, nutrition, metabolism, physical activity and others.

As the body ages, the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) becomes thinner, while the skin looks paler and translucent.On open areas of the skin, so-called age spots may appear, in the form of freckles or rather large age spots.

Changes also occur in the connective tissue, with a decrease in both elasticity and strength of the skin. Areas of the skin exposed to the sun are especially susceptible to these changes. Outwardly, such a deformation of the skin looks like the consequences of chapping. With age, the blood vessels in the dermis become more fragile, which can lead to bruising and subcutaneous hemorrhage.

The subcutaneous fat layer in older people becomes thinner, which leads to the risk of skin damage and reduces the ability to maintain a normal body temperature. The less natural subcutaneous fat isolation becomes, the higher the risk of hypothermia in cold weather. Sweat glands act less efficiently with age, which also reduces the body’s ability to maintain a desired body temperature, increasing the risk of overheating or getting heatstroke at elevated temperatures, both outdoors and indoors.

Skin in mature and old age recovers much more slowly than young skin. For example, wound healing can be up to four times slower than at a young age. This contributes to the development of pressure ulcers and the spread of infections. The likelihood of skin neoplasms such as moles, birthmarks, warts, and other similar defects increases with old age.

In addition, skin diseases can be directly related to other human diseases: blood vessel disease, heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, obesity, the body’s response to certain medications, stress.

Skin care in old age:

Facial skin care requires special attention in old age. You should wash your face only with water at room temperature, do not use alcohol or cologne to wipe your face. It is enough to wash your face with soap 2-3 times a week. After washing, the facial skin does not need to be rubbed, but should be carefully dried with a soft towel.

For the scalp, it is important to properly and regularly wash the hair, which improves blood circulation, metabolic processes in the skin, and normalizes the activity of the sebaceous glands.

Hair should be washed as needed with not very hot water, after combing thoroughly. Use a mild shampoo, preferably one that says it can be used daily. Lather your hair, if possible, only once, do not apply a large amount of shampoo, rinse your hair thoroughly. Balm-conditioner or medicinal products are applied to the hair and scalp after washing and rubbed in with massaging movements, after which they are washed off with warm water.

The skin of the body requires careful regular attention in the same way as the skin of the face.To cleanse the skin of the body, you can use special detergents containing, in addition to detergents and cleansing agents, useful additives for nourishing and moisturizing the skin, various plant extracts, oils and others, provided that the elderly person is not allergic to them.

Particular attention should be paid to cosmetics in old age to protect the skin of the body from the harmful effects of the environment of wind, sun, cold. The composition of these cosmetics includes a variety of biologically active substances that contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes in the skin, increasing its water-retaining properties, elasticity.When choosing these funds, you should consult with a medical specialist.

Basic preventive skin care measures:

Prevention of sunburn. Wear protective clothing and hats as needed. Use an appropriate sunscreen, in strong sun, even in winter.

Balanced and varied diet and adequate fluid intake. Dehydration increases the risk of skin damage.

Reception, if necessary, of individual vitamins or vitamin complexes. Even minor nutritional deficiencies can cause rashes, itchy skin, and other negative skin changes.

Regularly moisturize the skin with moist lotion, cream and other moisturizers. Do not use soap that contains fragrances or artificial fragrances. Well-hydrated skin is capable of faster healing and a feeling of comfort.

Oils for dry skin of the face and body: herbal, essential, cosmetic

Every day our skin is faced with a number of adverse external factors that affect its elasticity, tone and health.These are UV rays, and changes in air temperature, and excessive humidity, and mechanical damage. In a normal state, the skin is able to withstand unfavorable factors, but it often suffers from a deficiency of vitamins and nutrients, which makes it vulnerable. To minimize unwanted effects, experts recommend using oil for dry skin.

Vegetable and essential oils penetrate into the deep layers of the epidermis, delivering the necessary vitamins and useful microelements to the cells.This allows dry skin to be moisturized, toned and refreshed.

Natural ingredients provide reliable protection against ultraviolet radiation. For this reason, many sunscreen products for dry skin contain natural oils.

When choosing an oil for dry skin of the body, you must carefully study the packaging. Only cold-pressed technology is able to preserve all the beneficial elements of the product, including omega-3, potassium, zinc, calcium, selenium and sodium. After heat treatment, most of the nutrients disappear.

One of the features of oils for dry skin is their wide range of applications. They can be used neat or added to a variety of ready-to-use cosmetics. Most manufacturers of creams, masks and toners give preference to the natural properties of oils, therefore they produce products for dry skin based on them.

The best oils for dry skin of the face and body

Dry skin requires special care and constant hydration, so it is important to choose your skin care oils carefully.If you choose the wrong product, you can aggravate the situation and worsen the skin condition.

Best oils for dry skin:

Avocado oil . A nutritious product that saturates the epidermis with vitamins and minerals. Avocado oil removes dryness, tones and heals. It has antifungal properties and is indicated for burns and mechanical damage to the skin.

Linseed oil . Product rich in fatty acids and vitamins.Saturates the epidermis with oxygen, smoothes the skin and restores lipid metabolism. Flaxseed oil is ideal for dry skin due to its exfoliating effect.

Mango seed oil . This vegetable oil has a revitalizing effect on dry, dehydrated skin. This is a kind of first aid for the epidermis, which removes age spots and traces of acne. Mango oil allows dry skin to tan evenly, keeping it toned. This is why it is often found in tanning products.

Cranberry oil. The oil perfectly retains moisture inside the cells, therefore it is most suitable for dry skin. The rich composition of cranberry oil (omega-3, -6, -9, tannins and carotenoids, vitamins E and C) contributes to nutrition and enrichment of the epidermis with useful microelements. This makes dry skin look younger and fresher. Cranberry oil reliably protects against ultraviolet radiation, which is why many manufacturers include it in their products.

Cocoa butter. Provides deep hydration, prevents clogging of pores, exfoliates dead cells. Cocoa butter for dry skin removes dark circles under the eyes and protects against adverse weather conditions.

Any of the listed products can be added to your favorite cream. The rules for using pure oils are extremely simple. First of all, dry skin must be cleaned. Then apply oil and cream on top. This method will help to eliminate the feeling of dryness, give the skin a blooming appearance and nutrition.

Essential oils for dry skin

Essential oils are often used for body and face care. These are concentrated extracts from certain products that cannot be used in their pure form. To avoid irritation, ether is mixed with vegetable oils.

Essential oil for dry skin is diluted on coconut, almond, sesame, grape or olive base. In this case, plant lipids provide a moisturizing effect, and esters enhance the effect of the main component.Another way to use is to add a few drops to the cream.

Essential oils for dry skin:

• Rosewood renews epidermal cells;
• Jasmine increases the elasticity of the epidermis, moisturizes;
• lavender soothes the skin;
• patchouli removes flaking;
• Rosehip exfoliates dead skin cells, minimizes stretch marks.

Before using the oil for the first time, dermatologists strongly recommend an allergic reaction test.To do this, it is enough to apply a drop of ether to the wrist in order to observe the body’s reaction to the product. In the event of redness, itching or peeling, the tested oil should never be used.

Moisturizing and nourishing cosmetic oils

Beauty care shops and websites offer a wide range of oils for dry skin. We will look at the 5 most popular products:

Butter with dictamelia and shea butter from the Greek brand BIOselect.Enriches with vitamins A and E, improves elasticity, moisturizes and soothes dry skin.

Nutmeg oil from the Russian trade mark “Granny Agafia’s Recipes”. Rejuvenates, nourishes and tones dry skin. Eliminates dead cells, normalizes blood circulation.

Unrefined coconut oil from the Ukrainian manufacturer Vigor Cosmetique Naturelle. The ideal oil for dry skin, which not only tones and nourishes, but also triggers cell regeneration.

Calendula oil from the German brand Bubchen. It has soothing and moisturizing properties. Does not contain dyes or preservatives, and therefore can be used from birth.

Cream-oil for dry skin from the Polish manufacturer Eveline Cosmetics. Protects against negative external influences and moisture loss. Prevents the formation of free radicals.

See also: Why avocado oil is a must-have for facial skin

Skin and thyroid

The skin serves as a border organ, accounting for 1/6 – 1/7 the volume of the entire human body and is, in fact, one of the largest organs.Among the numerous functions of the skin, one should highlight its barrier, thermoregulatory, detoxification, immune, vitamin-synthesizing (in relation to provitamin D), respiratory (1% of the total gas exchange), enzymatic, excretory functions. A special place is occupied by the function of the skin as a blood depot: its vessels can hold up to 1 liter of blood.

A person cannot exist without skin. That is why in the time of obscurantism, the deprivation of a person’s skin was considered the most terrible execution. Thyroid diseases

Increased production of thyroid hormones will be observed with hyperthyrosis.One of the important symptoms of the disease is low-grade fever (37.1-37.3 ° C), when patients constantly experience a feeling of heat. Decreased production of hormones is accompanied by a decrease in basal metabolism and, as a rule, a lowered body temperature (often below 36-35.5 ° C), patients constantly chill, even in hot weather, wear warm socks at night or sleep under two or three blankets. If a person, for no apparent external reason, began to wear warm socks at night, it is time for him to go to an endocrinologist.

The skin radiates heat and has the ability to perspire. The evaporation of water and, in particular, sweat, is accompanied by a loss of heat. This is why, with increased production of thyroid hormones, hot, damp skin and heavy sweats, which keep the body from overheating. With a reduced thyroid function, patients sweat poorly or do not sweat (even in a sauna), their skin is dry, rough, sweating is impaired. Therefore, they avoid high temperatures, as overheating of the body can result in heatstroke and even death.

With thyrotoxicosis (Graves’ disease), increased sweating is common. The skin feels hot, smooth, velvety, moist with sweat and resembles the skin of newborns, even if it occurs at an advanced age. The palms are always hot and moist, there is a small tremor of the fingers of the outstretched arms. The palms and face are red. Exophthalmos (rescued eyes) is often observed. Hair becomes thin, soft and oily. Diffuse hair loss is common. Separation of the nail from the nail bed, which usually begins with the ring finger, is very characteristic.In severe cases, hyperpigmentation is observed on the skin, especially around the eyes.

Basedow’s disease in about 1% of cases may be accompanied by deformation of the long bones and distal phalanges of the fingers. Fingers take the form of “drum sticks”, and nails – “watch glasses”.

But the skin changes especially brightly with a reduced function of the thyroid gland – myxedema. Changes begin on the part of the skin of the face, swelling of the forehead, eyelids, nose, cheeks. The eye slit becomes narrow.The lips and nose are sometimes bluish. There is a blush on the cheeks, like in painted dolls, in contrast to the pale color of the rest of the face. Facial features are smoothed out, facial expressions are faded. This kind of swelling, under pressure on which no pits remain, gradually spreads downward to the neck, the head becomes slightly agile. The supraclavicular fossa is filled with a dense mass of fat. The swelling can affect the entire body. The skin is cold to the touch. Patients constantly complain of chilliness. The skin is particularly dry and flaky.Sweat glands atrophy, sweating disappears. Hair falls out noticeably on the head and on the rest of the body. Loss of the outer parts of the eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache, beard is characteristic. Hair is dry, brittle, and loses its shine. Nails are brittle, lose their shine, like hair. Almost all patients have less or more frequent bites of the mucous membranes of the cheeks, less often of the lips and tongue.

The general impression of the face is that it looks old. Intelligence is significantly reduced, and dementia is practically not amenable to treatment.The picture is usually complemented by an umbilical hernia, shortening of the proximal extremities, a wide, flattened nose and protruding tongue. Children subsequently grow poorly, short stature is up to dwarfism.

In hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function) due to iodine deficiency (endemic cretinism), the skin is dry, grayish-yellow, thickened, especially in the lower legs. Hair is coarse but not brittle. In general, endemic cretins rarely go bald, although hair growth is weak. The outer third of the eyebrows is also often shed.

There is a nodular form of myxedema of the skin. The diagnosis of myxedema of the skin is made on the basis of clinical data, confirmed by the results of a study of the function of the thyroid gland, and, if necessary, is confirmed by pathological studies.

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