What are the main causes of ovarian pain. How is ovarian pain diagnosed. What treatments are available for different types of ovarian pain. How can you distinguish between acute and chronic ovarian pain. When should you seek medical attention for ovarian discomfort.

Understanding Ovarian Pain: Symptoms and Characteristics

Ovarian pain can manifest in various ways, ranging from a dull ache to sharp, intense discomfort. It typically occurs in the lower abdomen, below the belly button, and in the pelvic area. The pain may be acute, coming on suddenly and lasting for a short period, or chronic, developing gradually and persisting for months or longer.

Is ovarian pain always constant? Not necessarily. It can be continuous or intermittent, and certain activities like exercise or urination may exacerbate the discomfort. The severity of ovarian pain varies widely, from mild sensations that are barely noticeable to debilitating pain that interferes with daily life.

Ovarian Cysts: A Common Cause of Ovarian Discomfort

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that frequently develop in women, especially during their reproductive years. These cysts often form during ovulation when an egg is not released or when the follicle holding the egg fails to dissolve after release. While many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and resolve on their own, larger cysts can cause pain, particularly if they rupture.

Symptoms Associated with Ovarian Cysts

• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Pain during sexual intercourse or bowel movements
• Nausea or vomiting
• Feeling of fullness after consuming small amounts of food
• Bloating

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed? Doctors typically use a combination of methods:

1. Pelvic examination to detect any lumps in the pelvic area
2. Ultrasound scans to determine the size and location of cysts

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts

The approach to treating ovarian cysts depends on their size, symptoms, and the patient’s overall health. Common treatment options include:

• Watchful waiting for asymptomatic cysts that may resolve on their own
• Laparoscopic surgery for removal of small cysts
• Laparotomy for larger cysts requiring a more extensive surgical approach
• Birth control pills to prevent ovulation and reduce the formation of new cysts

Ovarian Tumors: Benign and Malignant Growths

Ovarian tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can cause significant pain and discomfort in the ovaries and surrounding areas. Understanding the symptoms and diagnostic procedures for ovarian tumors is crucial for early detection and treatment.

Symptoms of Ovarian Tumors

• Bloating or abdominal pressure
• Frequent urination
• Indigestion
• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
• Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly
• Unintentional weight fluctuations

How are ovarian tumors diagnosed? Medical professionals employ various diagnostic tools:

1. Advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET scans
2. CA-125 blood test to detect elevated levels of a protein associated with some ovarian cancers
3. Ultrasound imaging to visualize the ovaries and any abnormal growths

Treatment Approaches for Ovarian Tumors

The primary treatment for ovarian tumors is surgical intervention. Laparotomy, a surgical procedure involving an incision in the abdomen, is commonly used to remove as much of the tumor as possible. The extent of surgery depends on the tumor’s size, location, and whether it’s benign or malignant.

Endometriosis: A Frequent Culprit in Ovarian Pain

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often affecting the ovaries. This misplaced tissue can cause inflammation, scarring, and pain, particularly during menstruation and ovulation.

Recognizing Endometriosis Symptoms

• Severe menstrual cramps
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Pain during or after sexual intercourse
• Painful bowel movements or urination during menstruation
• Infertility or difficulty conceiving

How is endometriosis diagnosed? The process typically involves:

1. Detailed medical history and symptom assessment
2. Pelvic examination to check for abnormalities
3. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI
4. Laparoscopy for definitive diagnosis and potential treatment

Managing Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Pain

Treatment options for endometriosis-induced ovarian pain include:

• Pain medications, including over-the-counter and prescription options
• Hormonal treatments to suppress menstruation and reduce pain
• Surgical interventions to remove endometrial growths
• Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and stress reduction techniques

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: An Infection-Induced Cause of Ovarian Pain

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. This condition can lead to significant pain in the ovaries and surrounding pelvic area.

Identifying PID Symptoms

• Lower abdominal pain
• Fever and chills
• Unusual vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Burning sensation during urination
• Irregular menstrual bleeding

How is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease diagnosed? The diagnostic process typically includes:

1. Physical examination and medical history review
2. Laboratory tests to check for bacterial infections
3. Pelvic ultrasound to visualize the reproductive organs
4. Endometrial biopsy in some cases

Treating Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

The primary treatment for PID involves antibiotics to eliminate the underlying infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antibiotic administration. Follow-up care is crucial to ensure the infection has been fully eradicated and to prevent complications.

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome: A Post-Surgical Complication

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome (ORS) occurs when small pieces of ovarian tissue are inadvertently left behind after surgical removal of the ovaries. These remnants can continue to function and cause pain and other symptoms.

Recognizing Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

• Pelvic pain, often cyclical in nature
• Persistent vaginal bleeding despite ovary removal
• Formation of pelvic masses
• Recurrent endometriosis symptoms

How is Ovarian Remnant Syndrome diagnosed? The process may involve:

1. Thorough review of surgical history
2. Hormone level testing
3. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI
4. Exploratory surgery in some cases

Managing Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

Treatment for ORS typically involves surgical removal of the remaining ovarian tissue. This procedure can be challenging due to potential adhesions and altered anatomy from previous surgeries. Hormonal treatments may be used in conjunction with surgery to manage symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Ovarian Pain

Understanding when to consult a healthcare professional about ovarian pain is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. While occasional mild discomfort may not be cause for immediate concern, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention.

Red Flags for Ovarian Pain

• Sudden, severe pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
• Pain accompanied by fever, nausea, or vomiting
• Persistent pain lasting several days
• Pain associated with changes in menstrual patterns
• Discomfort accompanied by unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding

Why is early intervention important for ovarian pain? Timely medical evaluation can lead to:

1. Early detection of potentially serious conditions
2. Prompt treatment to prevent complications
3. Improved outcomes and quality of life
4. Prevention of chronic pain conditions

Preparing for Your Medical Appointment

To make the most of your consultation regarding ovarian pain, consider the following steps:

• Keep a detailed pain diary, noting intensity, duration, and any triggers
• Record any associated symptoms
• Prepare a list of questions for your healthcare provider
• Bring a complete list of current medications and supplements
• Be ready to discuss your medical and family history

By providing comprehensive information, you can help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

Holistic Approaches to Managing Ovarian Pain

While medical treatments are often necessary for addressing ovarian pain, many women find relief through complementary holistic approaches. These methods can be used alongside conventional treatments to enhance overall well-being and pain management.

Lifestyle Modifications for Ovarian Health

• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods
• Regular exercise to improve circulation and reduce stress
• Stress reduction techniques such as meditation and yoga
• Adequate sleep and rest to support the body’s healing processes
• Avoiding known triggers, such as certain foods or activities

How can alternative therapies complement traditional treatments for ovarian pain? Some options include:

1. Acupuncture to alleviate pain and promote balance
2. Herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory properties
3. Massage therapy to reduce muscle tension and improve circulation
4. Heat therapy for pain relief and muscle relaxation

The Importance of Emotional Support

Dealing with chronic ovarian pain can take a toll on mental health. Seeking emotional support through counseling, support groups, or trusted friends and family members can be invaluable in managing the psychological aspects of chronic pain.

Remember, while holistic approaches can be beneficial, it’s essential to discuss any alternative treatments with your healthcare provider to ensure they don’t interfere with your primary medical care.

Advances in Ovarian Pain Research and Treatment

The field of gynecology is continually evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving our understanding and treatment of ovarian pain. These advancements offer hope for more effective and less invasive management strategies in the future.

Emerging Diagnostic Tools

• Advanced imaging techniques for more precise visualization of ovarian structures
• Genetic testing to identify predispositions to certain ovarian conditions
• Biomarker research for early detection of ovarian cancer and other disorders
• Artificial intelligence algorithms to assist in interpreting medical imaging

What new treatment options are on the horizon for ovarian pain? Researchers are exploring several promising avenues:

1. Targeted drug therapies with fewer side effects
2. Minimally invasive surgical techniques for faster recovery
3. Immunotherapy approaches for ovarian cancer treatment
4. Personalized medicine strategies based on genetic profiles

The Role of Patient Advocacy in Advancing Care

Patient advocacy groups play a crucial role in raising awareness, funding research, and improving care for women with ovarian conditions. Getting involved with these organizations can provide support, education, and opportunities to contribute to advancing treatments and understanding of ovarian pain.

As research progresses, it’s important for patients to stay informed about new developments and discuss emerging options with their healthcare providers. This collaborative approach ensures that individuals receive the most up-to-date and appropriate care for their specific condition.

5 Causes of Pain In Ovaries, Diagnosis, Treatment

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Ovarian Cysts
• Ovarian Tumors
• Ovarian Pain Caused by Endometriosis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

The ovaries are an important part of the female reproductive system. Their job is twofold. They produce the hormones, including estrogen, that trigger menstruation. Their function is also to release at least one egg each month for possible fertilization.

A number of different conditions, from cysts to tumors, can cause ovarian pain. The ovaries are located in the lower abdomen. That means if you have ovarian pain, you’ll most likely feel it in your lower abdomen — below your belly button — and pelvis. It’s important to have any pelvic pain checked out by your regular doctor or obstetrician/gynecologist. Several different conditions can cause it.

Pain in the ovaries can either be acute or chronic. Acute ovarian pain comes on quickly (over a few minutes or days) and goes away in a short period of time. Chronic ovarian pain usually starts more gradually. Then it lasts for several months or longer.

Ovarian pain may be continuous. Or it may come and go. It may get worse with certain activities, such as exercise or urination. It can be so mild that you hardly notice it. Or pain in the ovaries can be so severe that it interferes with daily life.

The methods your doctor uses to diagnose ovarian pain will vary. They will be based on what the suspected cause might be. Regardless, your doctor will take a complete medical history, do a physical exam, and ask questions about your pain. The questions might include:

• Where are you feeling the pain?
• When did it start?
• How often do you feel pain?
• Does an activity make the pain better or worse?
• How does it feel — mild, burning, achy, sharp?
• How does the pain affect your day-to-day life?

Diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound and other types of imaging, can zero in on the cause of the pain. Here is a rundown of some possible causes of ovarian pain and how they are diagnosed and treated.

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the ovaries. They are very common in women, especially during the childbearing years. Often they form during the process of ovulation. It can happen when the egg is not released or when the sac — follicle — holding the egg doesn’t dissolve after the egg is released. Ovarian cysts usually cause no symptoms and dissolve on their own. They can, though, create a dull ache or a sharp pain if the cyst is large and it ruptures.

Other symptoms of ovarian cysts:

• Irregular menstrual periods
• Pain during intercourse or bowel movements
• Nausea or vomiting
• Feeling full after eating a small amount
• Bloating

How ovarian cysts are diagnosed

• Pelvic exam. This exam may reveal a lump in the pelvic area.
• Ultrasound. This scan uses sound waves to create an image of the ovaries. This helps the doctor determine the size and location of a cyst.

Treatment of ovarian cysts

• Watchful waiting. Most ovarian cysts will go away on their own. If you don’t have any bothersome symptoms, especially if you haven’t yet gone through menopause, your doctor may advocate “watchful waiting.” The doctor won’t treat you. Instead, the doctor might check you periodically to see if there has been any change in your condition.
• Laparoscopy. This is a form of surgery that uses small incisions and a tiny, lighted camera on the end of a metal tube that’s inserted into the abdomen to remove small cysts. Larger cysts may need to be removed through a bigger incision in the abdomen. This is done with a technique called laparotomy.
• Birth control pills.Birth control pills prevent ovulation. That, in turn, reduces the formation of new cysts.

Tumors can form in the ovaries, just as they form in other parts of the body. They can be either noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).

Other symptoms of ovarian tumors

• Bloating or pressure in the abdomen
• Urgent need to urinate
• Indigestion
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Loss of appetite/feeling full
• Unintentional weight loss or gain in the stomach area

How ovarian tumors are diagnosed

• Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography(PET). These are detailed imaging scans that the doctor can use to find ovarian tumors. They allow the doctor to determine whether and how far the ovarian tumors have spread.
• CA-125. This is a blood test to look for a protein that tends to be higher in some (but not all) women with ovarian cancer. CA-125 isn’t effective as a screening test for ovarian cancer. But it can be checked in women with symptoms that might be caused by ovarian cancer.
• Ultrasound may also aid in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors.  

Treatment of ovarian tumors

• Laparotomy. This is surgery performed through an incision into the abdomen. The surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. The removal of tumor tissue is called debulking. If the tumor is cancerous and has spread, the surgeon may also remove the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, omentum (fatty tissue covering the intestines), and nearby lymph nodes. Laparoscopy and robotic surgery may also be used.
• Chemotherapy.Chemotherapy involves drugs given through a vein (IV), by mouth, or directly into the abdomen. The drugs kill cancer cells. Because they kill normal cells as well, chemotherapy medications can have side effects. These can include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, kidney damage, and increased risk of infection. These side effects should go away after the treatment is stopped.
• Radiation. This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill or shrink cancer cells. Radiation is either delivered from outside the body, or placed inside the body near the site of the tumor. This treatment also can cause side effects. These can include inflamed skin, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. Radiation is not often used to treat ovarian cancer.

Learn more about the types of ovarian tumors.

Every month, the lining of the uterus builds up in preparation to nourish a growing fetus. When an egg is not fertilized, that lining sheds and is released from the body via menstruation. In some women, tissue like the lining of the uterus develops elsewhere in the body. This tissue swells and bleeds each month. It has nowhere to shed, though, and may form scar tissue that can be very painful.

Other symptoms of endometriosis

• Painful periods
• Pain during intercourse
• Heavy menstrual periods
• Infertility
• Pain with bowel movements

How endometriosis is diagnosed

• Medical history and physical exam.
• Ultrasound and MRI. These scans may help the doctor to spot endometriosis, if there is an endometrioma, a benign cyst, on the ovary or ovaries.
• Laparoscopy. This procedure uses a thin lighted scope inserted into a tiny hole in the abdomen to allow the doctor to visualize the ovaries. The doctor may possibly remove a small sample of tissue for biopsy, a procedure in which the large lesions of endometriosis may also be removed. 

Treatment of endometriosis

• Pain medications. Drugs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help relieve some of the discomfort of endometriosis.
• Birth control pills. The pill suppresses the monthly buildup of endometrial tissue on the ovaries and anywhere else the endometriosis may be in the abdomen and pelvis. This makes periods lighter and reduces the symptoms of endometriosis.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists). These drugs reduce the amount of the hormone estrogen in the body. By slowing the growth of endometriosis, they limit its symptoms.
• Laparoscopy and laparotomy. These are surgical procedures that let the doctor remove endometriosis on the ovaries and other places. If the endometriosis is extensive, the doctor may recommend a hysterectomy. This procedure removes the uterus and sometimes also the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Learn more about laparoscopic surgery to treat endometriosis.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection in the ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. It is most often caused by sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea or chlamydia. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain in women.

Other symptoms of PID

• Pain during intercourse
• Fever
• Vaginal discharge that may have a smell
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Difficulty urinating

How PID is diagnosed

• Pelvic exam. The exam will enable your doctor to look for any lumps, abnormal discharge, or tenderness in the pelvis.
• Blood and urine tests. These lab tests can help identify the infection. So can cultures of any discharge seen during a pelvic exam.
• Ultrasound. This test creates an image of the pelvic area so the doctor can see if the reproductive organs are enlarged. The doctor can also see if there is a pocket of infection known as an abscess.
• Laparoscopy. Occasionally this procedure, which uses a thin lighted scope inserted into a tiny hole in the abdomen, is used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of PID

Antibiotics. These drugs are given by mouth or through an injection. They can kill the bacteria that are causing PID. If you are taking antibiotics for PID, your sexual partner or partners should also get treated. There is a high likelihood that your partner has the same sexually transmitted infection. Learn more about the treatments for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries is known as hysterectomy and oophorectomy. A bilateral salping- oophorectomy is a procedure in which both fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed. In rare cases, a small piece of the ovary may accidentally be left behind. The remnant can grow and develop painful cysts.

Other symptoms of ovarian remnant syndrome

• Pain during intercourse
• Difficulty urinating

How ovarian remnant syndrome is diagnosed

Ultrasound, CT, and MRI. These scans create images of the area. They help the doctor locate the remaining piece of ovary tissue.

Treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome

Laparotomy or laparoscopy. These procedures are done to remove the remaining piece or pieces of ovary. Learn more about ovary removal surgery.

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5 Causes of Pain In Ovaries, Diagnosis, Treatment

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Ovarian Cysts
• Ovarian Tumors
• Ovarian Pain Caused by Endometriosis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

The ovaries are an important part of the female reproductive system. Their job is twofold. They produce the hormones, including estrogen, that trigger menstruation. Their function is also to release at least one egg each month for possible fertilization.

A number of different conditions, from cysts to tumors, can cause ovarian pain. The ovaries are located in the lower abdomen. That means if you have ovarian pain, you’ll most likely feel it in your lower abdomen — below your belly button — and pelvis. It’s important to have any pelvic pain checked out by your regular doctor or obstetrician/gynecologist. Several different conditions can cause it.

Pain in the ovaries can either be acute or chronic. Acute ovarian pain comes on quickly (over a few minutes or days) and goes away in a short period of time. Chronic ovarian pain usually starts more gradually. Then it lasts for several months or longer.

Ovarian pain may be continuous. Or it may come and go. It may get worse with certain activities, such as exercise or urination. It can be so mild that you hardly notice it. Or pain in the ovaries can be so severe that it interferes with daily life.

The methods your doctor uses to diagnose ovarian pain will vary. They will be based on what the suspected cause might be. Regardless, your doctor will take a complete medical history, do a physical exam, and ask questions about your pain. The questions might include:

• Where are you feeling the pain?
• When did it start?
• How often do you feel pain?
• Does an activity make the pain better or worse?
• How does it feel — mild, burning, achy, sharp?
• How does the pain affect your day-to-day life?

Diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound and other types of imaging, can zero in on the cause of the pain. Here is a rundown of some possible causes of ovarian pain and how they are diagnosed and treated.

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the ovaries. They are very common in women, especially during the childbearing years. Often they form during the process of ovulation. It can happen when the egg is not released or when the sac — follicle — holding the egg doesn’t dissolve after the egg is released. Ovarian cysts usually cause no symptoms and dissolve on their own. They can, though, create a dull ache or a sharp pain if the cyst is large and it ruptures.

Other symptoms of ovarian cysts:

• Irregular menstrual periods
• Pain during intercourse or bowel movements
• Nausea or vomiting
• Feeling full after eating a small amount
• Bloating

How ovarian cysts are diagnosed

• Pelvic exam. This exam may reveal a lump in the pelvic area.
• Ultrasound. This scan uses sound waves to create an image of the ovaries. This helps the doctor determine the size and location of a cyst.

Treatment of ovarian cysts

• Watchful waiting. Most ovarian cysts will go away on their own. If you don’t have any bothersome symptoms, especially if you haven’t yet gone through menopause, your doctor may advocate “watchful waiting.” The doctor won’t treat you. Instead, the doctor might check you periodically to see if there has been any change in your condition.
• Laparoscopy. This is a form of surgery that uses small incisions and a tiny, lighted camera on the end of a metal tube that’s inserted into the abdomen to remove small cysts. Larger cysts may need to be removed through a bigger incision in the abdomen. This is done with a technique called laparotomy.
• Birth control pills.Birth control pills prevent ovulation. That, in turn, reduces the formation of new cysts.

Tumors can form in the ovaries, just as they form in other parts of the body. They can be either noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).

Other symptoms of ovarian tumors

• Bloating or pressure in the abdomen
• Urgent need to urinate
• Indigestion
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Loss of appetite/feeling full
• Unintentional weight loss or gain in the stomach area

How ovarian tumors are diagnosed

• Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography(PET). These are detailed imaging scans that the doctor can use to find ovarian tumors. They allow the doctor to determine whether and how far the ovarian tumors have spread.
• CA-125. This is a blood test to look for a protein that tends to be higher in some (but not all) women with ovarian cancer. CA-125 isn’t effective as a screening test for ovarian cancer. But it can be checked in women with symptoms that might be caused by ovarian cancer.
• Ultrasound may also aid in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. 

Treatment of ovarian tumors

• Laparotomy. This is surgery performed through an incision into the abdomen. The surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as possible. The removal of tumor tissue is called debulking. If the tumor is cancerous and has spread, the surgeon may also remove the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, omentum (fatty tissue covering the intestines), and nearby lymph nodes. Laparoscopy and robotic surgery may also be used.
• Chemotherapy.Chemotherapy involves drugs given through a vein (IV), by mouth, or directly into the abdomen. The drugs kill cancer cells. Because they kill normal cells as well, chemotherapy medications can have side effects. These can include nausea and vomiting, hair loss, kidney damage, and increased risk of infection. These side effects should go away after the treatment is stopped.
• Radiation. This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill or shrink cancer cells. Radiation is either delivered from outside the body, or placed inside the body near the site of the tumor. This treatment also can cause side effects. These can include inflamed skin, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. Radiation is not often used to treat ovarian cancer.

Learn more about the types of ovarian tumors.

Every month, the lining of the uterus builds up in preparation to nourish a growing fetus. When an egg is not fertilized, that lining sheds and is released from the body via menstruation. In some women, tissue like the lining of the uterus develops elsewhere in the body. This tissue swells and bleeds each month. It has nowhere to shed, though, and may form scar tissue that can be very painful.

Other symptoms of endometriosis

• Painful periods
• Pain during intercourse
• Heavy menstrual periods
• Infertility
• Pain with bowel movements

How endometriosis is diagnosed

• Medical history and physical exam.
• Ultrasound and MRI. These scans may help the doctor to spot endometriosis, if there is an endometrioma, a benign cyst, on the ovary or ovaries.
• Laparoscopy. This procedure uses a thin lighted scope inserted into a tiny hole in the abdomen to allow the doctor to visualize the ovaries. The doctor may possibly remove a small sample of tissue for biopsy, a procedure in which the large lesions of endometriosis may also be removed.  

Treatment of endometriosis

• Pain medications. Drugs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help relieve some of the discomfort of endometriosis.
• Birth control pills. The pill suppresses the monthly buildup of endometrial tissue on the ovaries and anywhere else the endometriosis may be in the abdomen and pelvis. This makes periods lighter and reduces the symptoms of endometriosis.
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists). These drugs reduce the amount of the hormone estrogen in the body. By slowing the growth of endometriosis, they limit its symptoms.
• Laparoscopy and laparotomy. These are surgical procedures that let the doctor remove endometriosis on the ovaries and other places. If the endometriosis is extensive, the doctor may recommend a hysterectomy. This procedure removes the uterus and sometimes also the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Learn more about laparoscopic surgery to treat endometriosis.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection in the ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. It is most often caused by sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea or chlamydia. It is one of the most common causes of pelvic pain in women.

Other symptoms of PID

• Pain during intercourse
• Fever
• Vaginal discharge that may have a smell
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Fatigue
• Difficulty urinating

How PID is diagnosed

• Pelvic exam. The exam will enable your doctor to look for any lumps, abnormal discharge, or tenderness in the pelvis.
• Blood and urine tests. These lab tests can help identify the infection. So can cultures of any discharge seen during a pelvic exam.
• Ultrasound. This test creates an image of the pelvic area so the doctor can see if the reproductive organs are enlarged. The doctor can also see if there is a pocket of infection known as an abscess.
• Laparoscopy. Occasionally this procedure, which uses a thin lighted scope inserted into a tiny hole in the abdomen, is used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of PID

Antibiotics. These drugs are given by mouth or through an injection. They can kill the bacteria that are causing PID. If you are taking antibiotics for PID, your sexual partner or partners should also get treated. There is a high likelihood that your partner has the same sexually transmitted infection. Learn more about the treatments for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries is known as hysterectomy and oophorectomy. A bilateral salping- oophorectomy is a procedure in which both fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed. In rare cases, a small piece of the ovary may accidentally be left behind. The remnant can grow and develop painful cysts.

Other symptoms of ovarian remnant syndrome

• Pain during intercourse
• Difficulty urinating

How ovarian remnant syndrome is diagnosed

Ultrasound, CT, and MRI. These scans create images of the area. They help the doctor locate the remaining piece of ovary tissue.

Treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome

Laparotomy or laparoscopy. These procedures are done to remove the remaining piece or pieces of ovary. Learn more about ovary removal surgery.

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articles from the Oxford Medical Center Zhytomyr

Reproductive health is important for any woman. There are many diseases of the genital organs, which can have complex consequences. Background and precancerous diseases are signals of the need for immediate treatment. Therefore, you should understand what kind of disease and what are their symptoms.

Symptoms of background diseases

The most common background pathologies of this type are diseases of the cervix. These are benign processes that have an inflammatory, dishormonal and post-traumatic nature.

The total number of pathological processes in the cervix for 80–85% consists of background (benign) processes. These diseases precede cancer, but their latent period is relatively long, which makes it possible to detect and treat them in a timely manner.

Common diseases

Among the background diseases of the cervix, the following are most common:

• erosion – drawing pains in the lower abdomen, pain during intercourse and bleeding after it, itching, burning and leucorrhoea;

• pseudo-erosion or ectopia – clear or white mucous discharge, pain during intercourse and bleeding after it, menstrual irregularities, infertility;

• endometriosis – pelvic pain of a constant or cyclic nature, before menstruation, pain during intercourse, increased and prolonged menstrual bleeding, pain during bowel or bladder emptying, infertility;

• leukoplakia – the presence of light discharge, especially after intercourse, pain and spotting;

• cervical canal polyp – usually asymptomatic;

• cervicitis – discharge that has a mucous, purulent or mixed character, less often – aching pain in the lower abdomen.

Background diseases of the vulva are neoplastic (tumor) lesions of the external genital organs. This disease is also called “vulvar dystrophy” and is divided into three main subspecies:

• kraurosis – swelling and redness of the labia, burning, itching, atrophy of the skin and mucous membranes of the clitoris, perianal region, skin of the perineum, the entrance to the vagina narrows sharply;

• vulvar leukoplakia – the appearance of small whitish spots, constant itching and burning, tingling and numbness;

• other dermatoses.

Background processes of the endometrium include:

• glandular hyperplasia – menstrual irregularities, spotting and heavy periods;

• glandular cystic hyperplasia – pain that occurs immediately after sexual intercourse, abundant yellow-brown mucous discharge, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body (“ball”) in the lower abdomen;

• polyps – serious irregularities in the menstrual cycle, discharge with blood between periods, during and after sexual intercourse, heavy and prolonged periods, cramping pain in the lower abdomen, infertility.

Symptoms of precancerous diseases

Precancerous diseases occur against the background of background or without them, they are distinguished by the presence of pronounced proliferation, atypia, metaplasia of cellular tissue elements.

Precancerous diseases of the cervix include dysplasia (discharge from the genital tract, the appearance of blood streaks in the discharge after using tampons or intercourse, pain during intercourse, pulling pains in the lower abdomen.

Erosive leukoplakia is characterized by the appearance of sanious discharge after sexual intercourse. Simple leukoplakia can pass without pronounced symptoms. With the development of the disease, itching may appear in the perineum, vaginal dryness, the appearance of microcracks on the surface of the labia, discomfort during intercourse. With proliferative leukoplakia, there is a burning sensation and discomfort in the perineum, the appearance of formations on the labia.

Adenomatosis (problems with menstruation) is manifested by prolonged, painful and very profuse brown discharge a few days before and after menstruation. Uterine bleeding often occurs between periods, pain in the lower abdomen, anemia and infertility begin.

Precancerous endometrial process – atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Symptoms of this disease: abundant yellow-brown mucous discharge, pain that occurs immediately after sexual contact, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body (“ball”) in the lower abdomen.

Epithelial dysplasia of varying degrees is also considered a precancerous condition of the vulva. In most cases, the disease does not have clear symptoms, in other cases they can be quite diverse. The disease can be suspected in the presence of signs of dystrophy.

Modern diagnostic methods

Today, there are many different methods for diagnosing underlying and precancerous diseases of the female genital organs. Among them – a cytological examination of smears from the female genital organs for the presence of “atypical” cells at each visit to the gynecologist; colposcopy – microscopic examination of the cervix in order to detect microscopic changes on the surface of the mucous membrane, ultrasound of the female genital organs, especially the body of the uterus and ovaries, and others.

Background and precancerous diseases of the female genital organs have not only unpleasant symptoms, but also threaten with cancer. Timely diagnosis and treatment is the key to cancer prevention.

Make an appointment with the gynecologist at the Oxford Medical Medical Center by calling (0412) 55-22-55. Get tested to stay calm and confident in your health!

Published: 10/29/2019

Updated: 10/29/2019

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Ovarian cancer and what women should know

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Ovarian cancer and what women should know

Ovarian cancer is not the most common cancer in women. But, unfortunately, it causes more deaths than many other diseases of the reproductive organs. Why is that? Let’s figure it out.

When a tumor appears in the ovary, it does not cause any symptoms at first. As the tumor grows, symptoms appear, but they are nonspecific and may indicate a number of different conditions. A woman can ignore them for a while, not thinking that the problem is very serious. That is why ovarian cancer is often detected already at stage 3-4, when the tumor is large and difficult to treat. For this, ovarian cancer was called the “silent killer” – because the disease develops imperceptibly.

What are the main symptoms of the disease?

Abdominal pain.
Tumor growth in the ovary can cause pain in the pelvis or abdomen.

Bloating.
Gas, abdominal enlargement, heartburn that lasts more than two weeks may indicate an ovarian problem.

Back pain.
Ovarian cancer can cause pain in the lower back. Therefore, there is no need to rush to a massage therapist, it is better to first contact a gynecologist.

Shortness of breath.
Difficulty breathing is common in women with ovarian cancer. Spreading, the tumor causes the appearance of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which puts pressure on the internal organs and the diaphragm. This results in shortness of breath and chest pain.

Discomfort during intercourse.
An ovarian tumor can cause severe pain during intercourse and (sometimes) bleeding after intercourse. In addition to ovarian cancer, this symptom is characteristic of cervical cancer and some sexually transmitted diseases.

Increased urination.
If the frequency of urination suddenly changes, there is blood in the urine, its incontinence, this may be caused by an ovarian tumor.

Loss of appetite.
If you don’t feel like eating or feel full after eating just a couple of bites, this could indicate a serious health problem, including ovarian cancer. Along with loss of appetite and weight, constant fatigue will be felt.

Bleeding.
Ovarian cancer most often develops in women over 50 years of age. If bleeding or spotting suddenly appears after menopause, this is an occasion to immediately visit a doctor.

Changes in bowel function.
If you notice that you have persistent constipation or diarrhea, you should consult a gynecologist. An ovarian tumor can put pressure on the intestines, bladder, stomach. This causes stool problems.

Constant fatigue.
If nothing has changed in your life (daily routine, duties, loads), and you feel constant fatigue, drowsiness, this may be a sign of many oncological diseases. Cancer can cause anemia, which can make your organs less oxygenated and make you feel tired.

Do not lose time and cure

Every woman should carefully monitor her health and pay attention to changes in her well-being. Be sure to regularly visit a gynecologist, because diseases may not manifest themselves, however, creating a danger to life. Any oncological disease is much easier to cure when detected at the first or second stage, when the tumor is small and there are no distant metastases.
LISOD Israeli Oncology Hospital has gathered an experienced team of doctors of different profiles. Oncogynecologists, surgeons, chemotherapists, rehabilitologists, radiation therapists do everything possible to ensure that each of our patients successfully overcome this difficult stage and emerge victorious from the fight against cancer. Treatment is carried out in accordance with international medical recommendations and protocols. But at the same time, our experience is unique, since only LISOD performs laparoscopic cytoreductive surgeries for ovarian cancer.

Take care of yourself and your health!

Sign up for a consultation with an oncogynecologist:
0 (800) 500-110 — free of charge from fixed phones in Ukraine;
+38(044) 277-8-277 — daily from 09:00 to 20:00.

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