What are the early signs of a first period. How long does spotting before the first period typically last. What self-care tips can help young females prepare for their first menstruation. How to recognize the onset of puberty and menarche. What to expect during the initial menstrual cycles. How to choose appropriate menstrual products for beginners.

Understanding the Onset of Menstruation in Young Females

The arrival of a young female’s first period, also known as menarche, is a significant milestone in puberty. Typically occurring around two years after the initial signs of puberty appear, the first menstrual cycle can vary greatly from person to person. While the average age for menarche in the United States is between 11 and 12 years old, it’s important to note that this can range widely, with some girls experiencing their first period as early as 8 or as late as 15 years of age.

Is there a way to predict exactly when the first period will start? Unfortunately, there’s no precise method to determine the exact timing. However, understanding the signs of puberty and potential indicators of an approaching first period can help young females and their caregivers feel more prepared for this important life event.

Recognizing the Signs of Puberty

Before diving into the specifics of spotting and first periods, it’s crucial to understand the signs of puberty that typically precede menstruation. These physical changes serve as indicators that a young female’s body is preparing for reproductive maturity.

• Development of breast tissue
• Growth of pubic and underarm hair
• Increased body odor
• Appearance of acne on the face or body
• Changes in body shape, particularly widening of hips and thighs
• Rapid growth spurts

When do these changes typically begin? The onset of puberty can vary, but most girls start to experience these physical changes between the ages of 8 and 13. It’s important to remember that every individual’s timeline is unique, and there’s a wide range of what’s considered normal.

Early Signs of an Approaching First Period

As the body prepares for its first menstrual cycle, some young females may experience certain symptoms or changes that can serve as early indicators. However, it’s important to note that not everyone will have noticeable signs before their first period arrives.

Spotting: A Common Precursor

What is spotting before the first period? Spotting refers to light bleeding or discharge that may occur in the days or weeks leading up to the first full menstrual cycle. This spotting can range from light pink or brown to a darker red color. It’s often lighter and more sporadic than a regular period flow.

How long does spotting typically last before the first period? The duration of spotting can vary greatly from person to person. Some young females may experience spotting for just a day or two, while others might have intermittent spotting for several weeks before their first full period begins. If spotting persists for an extended period or is accompanied by pain or other concerning symptoms, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider.

Other Potential Signs

In addition to spotting, some young females may notice other changes or symptoms as their first period approaches:

• Increased vaginal discharge
• Mild abdominal cramps
• Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen
• Mood swings or increased emotional sensitivity
• Breast tenderness
• Breakouts or worsening of acne

Are these symptoms guaranteed to occur before the first period? No, it’s important to understand that every individual’s experience is unique. Some young females may have several of these symptoms, while others may have none at all before their first period arrives.

What to Expect During the First Period

The experience of a first period can vary widely among young females. For some, it may start gradually with light spotting or a brownish discharge, while others might experience a sudden onset of bright red blood. Both scenarios are considered normal and nothing to be concerned about.

Characteristics of First Periods

• Duration: Most first periods last between 3 to 7 days, but they can be shorter or longer.
• Flow: The amount of blood can vary from light to heavy, and may change throughout the duration of the period.
• Color: Period blood can range from bright red to dark brown, and may contain small clots.
• Consistency: The flow may be steady or intermittent.

What should a young female do when her first period starts? The most important thing is to stay calm and remember that this is a natural and healthy part of growing up. If possible, use a menstrual pad or tampon to absorb the blood. If these aren’t available, a temporary solution can be created using toilet paper or a clean washcloth until proper menstrual products can be obtained.

Choosing Appropriate Menstrual Products for Beginners

Selecting the right menstrual products can make a significant difference in comfort and confidence during periods, especially for beginners. There are several options available, each with its own advantages and considerations.

Sanitary Pads

Pads are often recommended for young females experiencing their first periods. They’re easy to use and don’t require insertion into the body, which can be more comfortable for beginners.

What are the benefits of using pads?

• Easy to use and remove
• Available in various sizes and absorbencies
• Can be worn overnight
• No risk of toxic shock syndrome

Are there any drawbacks to using pads?

• May be visible under tight-fitting clothing
• Can shift or bunch up during physical activities
• Not suitable for swimming
• May cause skin irritation for some users

Tampons

Tampons are inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual flow. While they can provide more freedom of movement, they may be intimidating for some first-time users.

What are the advantages of tampons?

• Less visible under clothing
• Can be worn while swimming
• Allow for more unrestricted movement
• Available in different absorbencies

What should beginners know about using tampons?

• Proper insertion technique is important for comfort
• Should be changed every 4-8 hours to prevent toxic shock syndrome
• May take some practice to use comfortably
• Not recommended for overnight use for beginners

Menstrual Cups

Menstrual cups are reusable devices made of flexible silicone or rubber that are inserted into the vagina to collect menstrual flow. While they have many benefits, they may be more challenging for beginners to use.

What are the benefits of menstrual cups?

• Eco-friendly and cost-effective in the long run
• Can be worn for up to 12 hours
• Suitable for overnight use and physical activities
• No risk of toxic shock syndrome

Why might menstrual cups be challenging for beginners?

• Require practice to insert and remove correctly
• May be intimidating for those new to menstruation
• Initial cost is higher than disposable products
• Require access to clean water for rinsing between uses

Managing Irregular Periods in the Early Years

After the first period, many young females experience irregular menstrual cycles for the first few years. This irregularity is normal and typically resolves over time as the body’s hormonal systems mature.

Why do periods tend to be irregular at first? During the early years of menstruation, the body is still fine-tuning its hormonal balance. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries are learning to work together to regulate the menstrual cycle. This process can take time, resulting in unpredictable periods.

How long does it usually take for periods to become regular? While it varies for each individual, most young females will develop a more regular cycle within 2-3 years after their first period. However, it’s important to note that even in adulthood, some variation in cycle length is normal and expected.

Tracking Menstrual Cycles

Encouraging young females to track their menstrual cycles can be beneficial for several reasons:

• Helps identify patterns in cycle length and flow
• Aids in predicting future periods
• Can provide valuable information for healthcare providers if concerns arise
• Promotes body awareness and understanding of personal health

How can one track their menstrual cycle? There are several methods available:

1. Using a calendar to mark the start and end dates of each period
2. Keeping a journal to note symptoms, flow heaviness, and other relevant details
3. Utilizing smartphone apps designed for period tracking
4. Using a dedicated menstrual cycle tracking device or wearable

Self-Care Tips for Young Females Experiencing Their First Periods

The onset of menstruation can be both exciting and overwhelming for young females. Implementing good self-care practices can help make this transition smoother and more comfortable.

Physical Self-Care

What are some physical self-care practices that can help during menstruation?

• Maintaining good hygiene by changing menstrual products regularly
• Wearing comfortable, breathable clothing
• Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water
• Engaging in light exercise or stretching to alleviate cramps
• Using a heating pad or warm compress on the lower abdomen to relieve discomfort
• Getting adequate sleep and rest

Emotional Self-Care

How can young females take care of their emotional well-being during menstruation?

• Practicing stress-reduction techniques like deep breathing or meditation
• Engaging in enjoyable activities or hobbies
• Communicating feelings and experiences with trusted friends or family members
• Keeping a journal to express thoughts and emotions
• Being patient and kind to oneself, recognizing that hormonal changes can affect mood

Nutritional Considerations

Can diet affect menstrual symptoms? Yes, certain dietary choices may help alleviate some common menstrual discomforts:

• Eating iron-rich foods to replenish iron lost through menstrual blood
• Consuming foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, which may help reduce inflammation and cramps
• Including calcium-rich foods in the diet, which may help with mood swings and cramps
• Limiting caffeine and salt intake, which can exacerbate bloating and breast tenderness
• Staying hydrated to help with bloating and overall well-being

When to Seek Medical Advice

While variations in menstrual cycles are common, especially in the early years, there are certain situations where it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

When should a young female or her caregiver seek medical advice regarding menstruation?

• If periods are extremely heavy, requiring pad or tampon changes every hour or less
• If periods last longer than 7 days
• If there’s severe pain that interferes with daily activities
• If there’s no menstruation by age 15, or within 3 years of breast development
• If periods suddenly become irregular after having been regular
• If there’s bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse
• If there are signs of toxic shock syndrome when using tampons (fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rash)

What can be expected during a medical consultation about menstrual concerns? A healthcare provider may:

1. Take a detailed medical history, including information about menstrual cycles
2. Perform a physical examination
3. Order blood tests to check hormone levels or rule out other conditions
4. Recommend imaging studies like ultrasound if necessary
5. Discuss treatment options if a problem is identified

Remember, open communication with a trusted healthcare provider is key to maintaining good reproductive health. No concern is too small or embarrassing to discuss with a medical professional.

Early signs, how long it lasts, and self-care tips

Most females have their first period around 2 years after breast development and other signs of puberty begin. For some, the first period may be light and start gradually with some spotting or brown discharge. For others, it may be bright red from the start.

This information comes from the Office on Women’s Health.

Knowing the signs of a first period can help young females and their parents or caregivers feel prepared.

Around 98% of females begin their first period by the time they are 15 years of age, but the average age has decreased over time.

This article will look at some of the signs a female can expect before they begin their period, as well as what it might be like and what to do when it begins.

The best way to tell if a female is about to have their first period is to assess whether or not they have begun puberty.

Some signs of puberty include:

• the development of pubic hair, such as thicker hair on the legs and visible hair under the arms
• the development of acne on the face or body
• the development of breasts
• changes in body shape, such as the hips and thighs thickening
• growing more rapidly

The first period will typically begin a couple of years after the first signs of puberty appear. However, there is no precise way of knowing when it will begin.

Several days before the first period, some females may notice spotting in their underwear or abdominal cramps. Some may also notice more acne appearing. Not everyone will experience this, however.

The first period typically occurs after a female first ovulates. This happens when the ovaries release an egg into the fallopian tube.

When this happens, the womb lining thickens in preparation for the egg to be fertilized. If fertilization does not occur, the lining sheds, as the body no longer needs it. This is where period blood comes from.

In most females, this cycle continues regularly from the age of the first period until menopause, which is when periods end.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average age at which females began menstruating in the United States in 2013–2017 was 11–12 years old. However, periods can start earlier or later than this.

Every female’s period is different. Periods can vary in duration, frequency, and heaviness. Some females have very light periods, while others have heavy periods.

For some, the first period is light, with a small amount of blood. It may begin gradually, starting with some spotting or brown discharge before becoming red.

For others, periods begin suddenly, with bright red blood appearing straight away. In either case, this is normal. Period blood can range in color from brown to dark red. Some people may also pass small blood clots.

Having a period can feel similar to having vaginal discharge, but some females do not feel much at all.

When a period begins, try to find a way to absorb the blood. A female can do this by asking a friend or family member for a pad or tampon.

If it is not possible to use a pad or tampon, try to wrap something absorbent, such as toilet paper or a clean washcloth, around the crotch area of some underwear. This can absorb the blood and prevent leaks.

It can be helpful to prepare a period kit before the first period arrives. This can help with feeling ready. This period kit could consist of:

• an extra pair of underwear
• a variety of tampons and pads, so a female can choose what works best for them
• unscented baby wipes to clean any leakages

Most periods last for 3–7 days. However, first periods can be less predictable, so they may be slightly shorter or longer.

During the first few years after a female’s first period, periods may be irregular, coming at unpredictable intervals. Over time, however, they typically become more regular.

Most females get a period about every 28 days, though the actual length varies from person to person as well as period to period. The cycle length may vary by as much as a week in any given year.

The following sections will look at some absorption methods in more detail.

Pads

Sanitary pads are a popular form of period protection. They line the underwear with absorbent material, which soaks up the blood.

Some benefits of pads include the fact that they:

• are easy to use, particularly for beginners
• do not require a female to insert anything into the vagina, which may be daunting
• come in a variety of shapes and thicknesses
• are usable in addition to a cup or tampon

Some drawbacks of pads include the fact that they:

• can bunch up, feel wet, or feel uncomfortable during wear
• create a lot of waste
• can cause skin irritation or rashes
• are not suitable for use while swimming
• can be visible through clothing

It is also possible to purchase reusable fabric pads or period panties, which absorb blood in a similar way to a pad. These products are washable, meaning that a female can reuse them. This can be more cost effective than using disposable pads.

Change pads every 4–8 hours or whenever the current one starts to feel uncomfortable.

Tampons

Some benefits of tampons include the fact that they:

• can be more comfortable than pads
• are not visible under clothing
• are usable while swimming and playing sports

Some drawbacks of tampons include the fact that they:

• can take time to learn how to use
• can cause some pain upon insertion
• can leak if they are the wrong size or not in the correct position
• carry a risk of causing toxic shock syndrome (TSS) if a female leaves one in for too long

It is crucial to change tampons every 4–8 hours and to use the lowest absorbency possible. Parents and caregivers should ensure that young females who want to use tampons understand how to use them safely to prevent TSS.

Menstrual cups

Menstrual cups are small silicone cups that females can wear internally. They work by catching blood inside the vagina. When the cup is full, it is important to remove it and rinse it with clean water before reusing it.

Some benefits of menstrual cups include the fact that they:

• come in a range of shapes and sizes, so everyone can find one that fits them
• are reusable, which means that they can be more cost effective than tampons and disposable pads
• are usable for up to 12 hours at a time
• do not produce as much waste as tampons and pads

Some drawbacks include the fact that they:

• can take a little time to learn how to use
• can be difficult to rinse out in public restrooms, though specialized cleansers are available for this purpose
• are not one-size-fits-all, so it can take some time to find one that fits well

Although many manufacturers say that there is no risk of TSS with menstrual cups, there has been at least one confirmed case of TSS in a cup user.

It takes time to adjust to having a period, and they can sometimes cause discomfort. However, periods are a normal part of life, and they do not have to limit or change anyone’s daily activities.

The following tips may help females take care of themselves during their first period.

Cramps

For pain and cramping, try:

• taking over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• applying heat pads and hot water bottles
• taking a warm bath
• getting some gentle exercise, such as walking or yoga

Leaks

After the first period, it can be difficult to predict when the next period will happen. It also takes some time to adjust to using period products. Occasionally, this may result in leaks.

Try:

• using different sized pads or tampons based on how heavy the flow is
• using a different period product
• keeping period products in one’s bag, in case it becomes necessary to use one at short notice
• tracking periods using a calendar, diary, or app

It is generally safe to assume that most females who get periods can get pregnant.

The first period usually means that ovulation has occurred. Ovulation means that pregnancy is possible. However, both periods and ovulation can be irregular during the first few years after the first period, making it difficult to predict fertility.

Although it is normal for periods to be somewhat irregular to begin with, it is a good idea to talk with a doctor if they do not settle into a regular rhythm or if they cause symptoms that disrupt daily life.

The frequency and heaviness of periods, and any symptoms that accompany them, can be an important indicator of a female’s health.

It is a good idea for a person to talk with a doctor if they or a young female in their care experiences:

• a heavy flow that requires pad or tampon changes every 1–2 hours
• severe pain or mood changes that prevent normal activities
• no periods for 3 months or longer after the first period
• periods that occur sooner than 21 days apart or longer than 35 days apart
• periods that last for 7 days or longer
• no period by the age of 15 years old

Emergency medical help is necessary if someone develops any symptoms of TSS, which can include:

• sudden fever
• body aches
• nausea and vomiting
• diarrhea
• a rash

A female’s first period is an important milestone. Waiting for it can be scary, exciting, or both. There is no reliable way to predict when it will arrive, and periods affect females in different ways.

Once a period begins, it can take time to learn how to manage them. Talk with a trusted adult, doctor, or nurse to ask questions and get advice.

A Teen’s Guide to Her First Period – PMS Center

That very first period can come as quite a surprise to a young girl. One day she is a carefree youngster; the next, she is a young woman, experiencing the start of menstruation, maybe her first mood swing, and perhaps even other premenstrual (PMS) symptoms.

While it may seem more like a bother than a major event, a girl’s first period is a major milestone in her life. It marks the shift from girlhood to womanhood, since getting a period signifies that a girl can get pregnant.

Signs of the First Period

The age at which young girls start menstruating can vary widely, with some girls getting their first period as early as 8 years old and others not until they are 15.

There are often signs that girls are nearing their first period. Breast development and pubic hair growth often begin a couple of years before menstruation. And about one year before their first period, many girls experience a marked growth spurt.

A girl’s first period is usually very light, with sometimes only spotting or very little blood.

The typical menstrual cycle is 28 days long, but periods are often irregular during the first few years of menstruation. During this time, girls may skip menstrual cycles, or the cycles may occur multiple times in one month, or less frequently than expected. Even though these fluctuations are common during the first few years of menstruation, talk with your daughter’s doctor if her periods do not seem regular.

As for the emotional side of periods, your daughter may be excited about the arrival of her period; after all, it is a rite of passage into adulthood. But other parents may find that their daughters are anxious, even afraid. This is normal, too, but all the more reason for a serious heart-to-heart.

Open the Lines of Communication

Instead of having a formal menstruation “talk” with your daughter, try opening up the dialogue and, openly and honestly, asking your daughter about her questions.

Here are some suggestions for answering your daughter’s questions about menstruation:

• Why do girls have periods? Take a positive approach to explaining to your daughter why women have menstrual cycles. Tell her that a menstrual cycle is part of the natural cycle that allows a woman to get pregnant. When a pregnancy doesn’t occur in a menstrual cycle, hormones signal her body to shed the baby-ready uterine lining, which is what happens during a period.
• What is PMS? Explain that just before a period starts, some girls and women experience PMS symptoms, which may include mood swings and irritability, bloating, and tender breasts. Most girls do not experience PMS symptoms until years after their first period, but for those who do, rest, regular exercise, and a healthful diet can help manage their symptoms.
• Will I get cramps? Girls commonly experience pain and tightness in their lower abdomen and back around the start of their period. These cramps are usually mild and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, but you should talk to your daughter’s doctor if her cramps are severe.
• Should I use tampons or pads? Both tampons and pads can be used to soak up blood from a period. They should be changed at least every four to six hours. Pads are worn in underwear, and are often easiest for young girls to use. With tampons, you will need to explain to your daughter how to insert them correctly so they are not uncomfortable.
• How much will I bleed? Tell your daughter that she is probably losing only a few teaspoons of blood during her period, even though it may seem like more. If she is going through a pad or tampon every hour, though, there may be a problem, and you should talk with her doctor.
• How long will my period last? Your daughter should expect her period to last for three to five days on average. But some girls have shorter periods, and others have periods that last up to seven days.
• Can I get pregnant? Having a menstrual cycle means that a girl’s body is ovulating (releasing eggs) and preparing for a baby. Some girls even ovulate just prior to having their first period. So talk with your daughter about sex and pregnancy prevention when you are discussing her menstrual cycle.

The more information that you share with your daughter about periods and PMS symptoms, the more comfortable and prepared she will feel as her body grows and changes.

These 5 PMS Subscription Boxes Will Help You Conquer Your Next Period

Everyone experiences PMS symptoms differently: bloating, cravings, fatigue, menstrual cramps, mood swings, the works. But these boxes can save anyone’…

By Katie RobinsonMay 22, 2018

7 Reasons You Have Period Pain

If you’re suffering from painful periods or severe menstrual cramps, consult your doctor, because period pain can be a sign of a serious problem.

By Jordan DavidsonJanuary 5, 2018

8 Foods That Help Fight PMS

When you have PMS, you may crave salty chips and other junk foods. However, boosting good nutrition can help get your symptoms under control.

By Beth W. OrensteinJanuary 2, 2013

The Facts About Female Hormones

Hormones are vital to bodily functions, especially reproduction. Read about female hormones, such as estrogen, and what to do about hormonal imbalances…

By Krisha McCoySeptember 22, 2010

5 Supplements That May Ease PMS Symptoms

Studies have shown that taking certain supplements, like calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6, may help ease PMS symptoms. Find out which supplements may…

By Krisha McCoySeptember 22, 2010

The Link Between Weight and Menstrual Cycles

Body weight can impact the menstrual cycle and vice versa. Find out how weight changes affect periods and how menstrual bloating may move the needle on…

By Melanie WinderlichFebruary 17, 2010

Stress and Your Menstrual Period: A Cycle That You Can Break

If you’re under stress, you may experience an irregular period. Stress can affect your menstrual period and may even include a missed period.

By Melanie WinderlichFebruary 17, 2010

When Is a Menstrual Period Too Short?

A short period cycle usually doesn’t concern doctors as long as it follows a pattern. Learn what defines a normal menstrual cycle and an irregular period…

By Melanie WinderlichFebruary 17, 2010

Ovulation Pain: When Cramps Come in the Middle of Your Cycle

About 20 percent of menstruating women deal with cramping or ovulation pain mid-menstrual cycle. Learn why this abdominal pain occurs and how to ease . ..

By Jan SheehanFebruary 17, 2010

Stages of childbirth. From the first contraction to the birth of the baby

Experienced women in labor joke: “Don’t worry, you won’t miss the birth and you won’t make a mistake!” But the young mother is still worried: what awaits her when the baby decides to be born?

First period: Labor

This is the longest period of labor. Usually at the birth of the first baby, it lasts from 7 to 12 hours.

How do you feel?

The birth process starts in different ways. Most women experience aching sensations in the lower abdomen, which gradually turn into distinct uterine contractions. The frequency and strength of these contractions is increasing. The very first contractions take place at intervals of 10-15 minutes for 15-30 seconds and they are weakly felt, immediately before birth they last 60-90 seconds with an interval of 1-3 minutes. The main sign of the onset of childbirth, in contrast to the preparatory contractions, is the intensification of sensations during the contraction. In some women, the birth process begins with the fact that amniotic fluid is poured out, and only then contractions begin.

What’s going on?

Preparing for childbirth, the cervix becomes softer. During contractions, it gradually opens up so that the baby can be born. The hormone oxytocin and prostaglandins, which are produced in response to the “Start the birth process” command, help her in this.

What is the baby doing?

Baby feels unusual discomfort. He is sensitive to the state of his mother and experiences similar feelings: if his mother is alarmed, he receives his dose of her stress hormones. If the mother is calm, then he is easier to endure childbirth.

How to behave?

The ideal birth takes place in a state of complete rest. In order for oxytocin to do its job, a woman needs to relax and turn off her head. That is why in traditional obstetrics it is customary to exclude bright light, loud sound, extraneous interference in the course of childbirth – everything that makes a woman experience stress and emerge from her cozy little world.

Usually, at the very beginning of labor, the mother wants to lie down and fall asleep – this is a normal reaction. In the future, she may want to move or take the most unexpected position: some want to stand on all fours, others hang on the back of a chair, on a horizontal bar, or with the support of a person who helps in childbirth. Obstetricians believe that a woman should follow the dictates of her body.

How about various labor control techniques such as counting breaths? Purely individual. If you want to breathe according to the scheme, well, perhaps this is how it is easier for you to relax (by performing monotonous mental operations). But don’t force yourself. The same applies to massage, which is taught in courses for pregnant women. Point out to your assistant in childbirth the area on the sacrum, the massage of which brings relief, tell him with what strength and intensity you need a massage. If you don’t want to be touched, that’s okay too.

Who will help?

An experienced midwife can provide peace and security to a woman, who will act as a buffer between the mother and the outside world, as well as calm her, instilling a sense of confidence. There are also many natural painkillers: acupressure, aromatherapy, etc. At the same time, a warm bath is an ideal and favorite method for women. In the bath, muscles relax and stress levels are reduced – this is exactly what is needed for calmness and the natural course of childbirth.

Second period. Attempts

During contractions, a woman feels detached from reality, but not so much as to “fall out of this world” completely. The closer the birth, the more detached she becomes. The duration of the push is very individual.

How do you feel?

Before that, you were lying, standing, walking, etc., but here you want to bend your legs in a fight and at the same time grab onto someone or something. A woman may want to squat down, she has a feeling that the chair is moving away. Many begin to make a rather loud, deep sound, similar to throat singing. A woman, seemingly weakened by long contractions, has a surge of strength.

What’s going on?

The cervix has opened and the baby begins to move through the birth canal. At this stage, the bones of the mother’s pelvis and the baby’s head adjust to each other.

What is the baby doing?

The baby is not easy. Its head “squeezes” through a rather narrow passage. The skull of the baby is not hard, so it can change its shape for easier passage through the birth canal.

How to behave?

Listen to your body. Any painful sensation is a signal that the baby will be comfortable if you, obeying the command of the body, change position. It happens that contractions during this period fade for a while – this is not scary, so your body is preparing for the final chord.

Michel Auden writes in her book “Birth Reborn”: “Many women give birth in a mechanically effective supported squatting position, as it maximizes the baby’s downward pressure along the birth canal, minimizing the necessary muscle tension and oxygen consumption, provides maximum relaxation of the muscles of the perineum … A woman can choose another position: facing him, spreading her legs wide. This position, in which the woman’s legs are off the ground from time to time, is also very useful. It helps to relax the abdominal and perineal muscles, which helps the baby to descend through the birth canal.”

Who will help?

Childbirth assistant in this period supports the woman not only morally, but also physically. Even if a woman gives birth in an ordinary maternity hospital on a chair, she has a desire to try to lift the body, as if to fold in half. An assistant can support her under her back. Forcibly, on command, it is necessary to push the child out only if it is necessary to speed up the birth and the child needs help. The task of the midwife is not to demand “push!” like in a comedy series, but to give a woman an attitude like “let your child go out.”

Third period: Birth

The baby is born – this is the most joyful period of childbirth.

How do you feel?

You have absolutely no control over the process. The expulsion of the fetus is a powerful reflex that is triggered as soon as the baby is ready.

What’s going on?

A powerful surge of adrenaline makes the uterus literally push the baby out.

What is the baby doing?

He feels fear and discomfort. He expects the new world to meet him with love and tenderness.

How to behave?

Everything happens by itself. The main thing is not to start forcibly actively pushing the baby ahead of time. Let his head be ready to “emerge” and come out gradually. When the baby arrives, you will be overcome by a strong feeling of love. Let them put a baby on your stomach: admire it, hug it. This is how the strongest feeling of affection between mother and baby is formed.

Who will help?

The midwife will take the baby into her good hands. Agree in advance that you and the baby will not be separated if there are no fears for the health of the crumbs. Agree that the umbilical cord should not be cut immediately after the baby appears, but when it stops pulsing. Have your baby help you to breastfeed as soon as he gets a little comfortable (about 15 minutes).

The midwife will also remove the placenta – it will come off at the next special contraction. This is just a general description of how natural childbirth works. Yours may be a little different. Listen to your body and it will tell you the ideal plan for your birth.

how to understand how pregnant a cat is

How to understand that a cat is pregnant? Is it possible to find out in advance how many kittens will be born? And how to calculate the expected date of birth without going to the veterinary clinic? We tell you what happens to a cat immediately after mating, and how to prepare for the appearance of kittens if the cat’s gestational age has already been established.

At what age and under what conditions can a cat become pregnant

The main condition. Readiness for reproduction is determined by the presence of estrus. In most cats, it starts at 7-9 months and lasts up to 7 years. However, in some cases it may arrive earlier or, conversely, be delayed. For example, short-haired cats develop a little faster, and may show the first signs of sexual behavior as early as 5 months old kittens. While some long-haired relatives mature only at 1.5 years.

Season. The estrus period lasts from January-February to October-November, reaching its peak in the spring and summer months. However, this restriction applies to cats that can go to the toilet and walk outside. Pets are able to participate in mating all year round.

Signs of sexual behavior. During the estrous cycle, the cat becomes more affectionate, begins to roll on the floor, take tense postures and make calls. This usually lasts 5 to 8 days and recurs at intervals of 2-3 weeks to 2-3 months. The interval between cycles depends on the characteristics of the animal’s body. For example, in the case of an unreleased cat, estrus will occur more often, with an already giving birth – less often.

Pregnancy after childbirth. The sexual cycle resumes 2 weeks after the end of lactation. However, some cats may become pregnant again while nursing the litter.

How to tell if a cat is pregnant

Watch your cat. The first signs of pregnancy in cats are associated with a change in behavior and appearance and appear as early as 2-3 weeks from the date of the intended mating.

For example:

Increased drowsiness. The animal sleeps a lot, plays outdoor games reluctantly and walks slowly.

Behavior change. An affectionate and sociable cat can become wary and even aggressive, while an independent and detached one, on the contrary, constantly asks to be held and demand attention. Changes in behavior are associated with hormonal changes. After the birth of kittens and the completion of lactation, the character of the pet becomes the same.

Sex cycle delay. If the estrus was regular, and stopped immediately after mating, the probability of pregnancy is very high.

Nausea. Usually a pregnant cat only vomits in the morning. If vomiting recurs more frequently and lasts more than 2-3 days, contact your veterinarian.

Change in appetite . In the first half of the pregnancy of domestic cats, the appetite of the animal may decrease, and in the second half, on the contrary, it may become unusually good. The pet may refuse the usual food and show interest in something new. During this period, the cat needs high-energy food that can make up for the resulting deficiencies.

Changing the color and size of the nipples. Pregnant cats’ nipples swell and turn bright pink or coral red, and the hair around them becomes thinner.

Rounded belly. Changes will be noticeable both when viewed from above and in profile. But most likely only with multiple pregnancy (more than 5 kittens). The main thing is not to try to feel the fruits with your fingers yourself. This can injure both the fetus and the mother cat.

Weight gain. During pregnancy, a cat gains an average of 1-2 kg, depending on the number of fetuses and their size. To track weight gain, the animal must be weighed every week.

Want to know for sure? Count from the date of the proposed mating 14 days and contact the veterinary clinic. At this point, the pregnancy of cats passes into the embryonic stage, and the doctor can see the fetal bladder on the ultrasound machine. And if you wait another 7 days – hear the heartbeat.

Also, a medical examination is necessary to exclude false pregnancy in cats – a pathological process that occurs against the background of hormonal failure due to failed fertilization.

An alternative to ultrasound diagnostics will be: a blood test for the content of the hormone relaxin (it can be taken on the 25th day) and an x-ray (it is carried out on the 40-50th day to determine the exact number of fetuses and make sure that they are all alive) .

Warning: Human Rapid Pregnancy Tests do not work on cats. The principle of their action is to determine the concentration of the hCG hormone. It is not present in cat secretions.

False pregnancy in cats

The first factor in false pregnancy in domestic cats is physiological. For example, a serious hormonal failure due to stress or a congenital pathology of the reproductive system. In this case, a false pregnancy of cats can occur systematically after each mating, and the cat will have to be spayed immediately.

The second factor in false pregnancy in cats is psychological. For example, an unsuccessful mating at the end of a cycle, “covering” with a sterile or sick cat, or being next to other pregnant cats. In the wild, animals live in packs, and a false pregnancy is needed to feed the cubs in the event of the death of the biological mother. While false pregnancy only harms domestic cats.

Usually this diagnosis occurs in dogs. However, it is no less characteristic of cats of the oriental group, sphinxes and rexes. Even false pregnancies in cats can be inherited. Therefore, it is better to exclude such animals from breeding activities immediately.

Signs of false pregnancy in domestic cats are the same as in real. Therefore, it will be difficult to diagnose the pathology on your own.

A barely perceptible difference appears in the following:

A sharp change in mood . For example, just a second ago, a cat purred peacefully on her knees, and suddenly began to hiss and bite aggressively.

Heightened maternal instinct . The animal searches for and equips a nest from the first days after mating. She also carries soft toys in her teeth and licks them like babies.

Chronic fever. The normal temperature of cats is 38-39 degrees. Measurements must be taken rectally.

Swollen abdomen. By the second week of term, the cat looks like she is about to give birth. At the same time, the size of the abdomen increases dramatically – almost one day.

Brutal appetite. The pet does not eat enough and begs for supplements from the first days after mating. Whereas with a real pregnancy, the appetite usually deteriorates.

Indigestion . Cats with a false pregnancy are characterized by a violation of the stool and vomiting throughout the day.

Mucus discharge from the vulva . Abundant discharge is considered a harbinger of an approaching birth. Whereas during the entire period of pregnancy they should not be.

Sometimes the disorder goes away on its own after 2-3 weeks. And sometimes it ends with inflammation of the uterus and mammary glands, and requires immediate veterinary intervention.

How long does pregnancy last in cats

According to the norms of veterinary practice, the gestation period of domestic cats is from 58 to 72 days from the moment of conception. Calculate the expected date of birth will not work. But you can guess the approximate time interval. After all, the duration of a pet’s pregnancy may depend on its breed. For example, Siamese-Oriental cats tend to carry kittens for as long as possible. As a rule, their birth begins after 66 days. While Korats and Burmese cats, on the contrary, it is better to give birth earlier. In their case, pregnancies flow into childbirth at the junction of 53-64 days.

Another factor that influences the timing of pregnancy is the number of kittens in a litter. For example, a multiple pregnancy (more than 5 kittens) may be resolved by 58-59 days. At this time, kittens are considered premature, so they require close attention from the owner. Most often, the problem lies in an undeveloped system of thermoregulation and a sucking reflex. Premature kittens will have to be fed from a syringe without a needle and regularly put a heating pad in the nest. Infertile pregnancy (1-2 kittens), on the contrary, is delayed. Kittens born after 72 days of pregnancy are considered post-term. Therefore, it is important to make sure that their size corresponds to the lumen of the birth canal and the cat will be able to give birth to them without assistance.

Cat pregnancy stages

To highlight the main stages of cat pregnancy, let’s take as a basis its average duration – for most domestic cats it is 9 weeks or 63 days:

Fertilization occurs 24 hours after sexual intercourse (coitus). But only if the formed eggs left the ovary into the fallopian tube. In other words, ovulation has occurred. In the feline family, ovulation is induced. That is, it occurs directly during mating through the stimulation of receptors and the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood. For a guaranteed onset of ovulation, there must be several matings. And in a short amount of time.

Although especially prolific cats, a single mating is enough. But then the chances of conceiving offspring will be less. You can evaluate the success of mating by the cat’s postcoital reaction: it stops letting the cat in, hisses or even hits it with its paw, rolls on the floor and often vocalizes. If after some time or the next day the mating is repeated again, the pregnancy did not occur the previous time. After successful fertilization, the cat is no longer interested in the sexual partner.

This time is spent on the fixation of fertilized eggs in the uterine cavity, the formation of the placenta and the internal organs of the fetus. The size of one fetus does not exceed 1 cm. By the beginning of 2 weeks, pregnant cats are characterized by toxicosis. By the beginning of 3 weeks – a change in the color and size of the nipples.

Active weight gain occurs during this period. The uterine cavity fills with fluid, the abdomen becomes pear-shaped. With multiple pregnancy, the sides are noticeable. When infertile – a slightly sagging belly when viewed in profile. The size of one fetus is 4-6 cm. If you make an appointment with the veterinarian at this time, you can find out the approximate number of kittens.

The end of pregnancy is accompanied by active fetal movement in the uterine cavity. Movements are noticeable not only to the touch, but also visually. Especially if the cat lies on its side or belly up. The size of one fetus is 8 cm, weight is about 100 g. The last 2-3 days before giving birth, the cat is actively looking for a nest, shows anxiety, clings to the owner. From the external genitalia, whitish mucus begins to stand out. Body temperature drops by one degree.

The process of expelling fetuses through the birth canal takes from 7-8 hours to one day, especially if the cat is primiparous. This time includes contractions and pushing. Kittens appear at intervals of 15 minutes to 2 hours. If the waters broke more than 30 minutes ago, and the first fetus did not come out, or the interval between the appearance of kittens began to increase, the veterinarian should provide further support for childbirth. His contacts should be at hand all the time preparing for childbirth. Cats with narrow pelvises, such as British Shorthairs, may need help from the start. At the slightest risk of complications, the cat should give birth in the clinic or at home, but under the supervision of a specialist who is ready to provide obstetric care, including caesarean section.

How to prepare for pregnancy and childbirth in cats

1. Do not rush to mate . According to statistics, cats reach puberty faster than physiological. Therefore, it is better to postpone the first mating until 1 year, and preferably up to 1.5. Even if the first estrus began at 5 months and the animal is actively showing signs of sexual behavior, the body is not yet ready for pregnancy and childbirth.
2. Do not use hormonal drugs. Drugs to suppress sexual desire lead to early oncology and hormonal disruptions, leading to metabolic disorders. To reduce the intensity of sexual behavior, use herbal sedatives or consider neutering or spaying. According to veterinarians, an animal that is not involved in breeding work must be sterile.
3. Check the health of the cat before mating . Treat for fleas, ticks and worms. Update your vaccinations. Check for bacterial infections and chronic viruses, including the new Feline Coronavirus stamp. It is not recommended to take preventive measures of treatment after the onset of pregnancy.
4. Limit physical activities. Reduce outdoor play and keep your cat from high jumping, especially in the second half of pregnancy (after 5 weeks). Accidental mechanical damage can lead to the death of one or more fetuses and abortion of the pregnancy.
5. Balance your diet. Feed your pregnant cat more often and more nutritiously. In the first 2 weeks, the serving size and daily requirement for proteins, fats and carbohydrates may not change at all or increase by no more than 10%. From the 3rd week, meals should become 3 meals a day. And with the 5th – 4-5 times. Moreover, the size of the daily norm in the first half of pregnancy should increase by 1.2-2 times, depending on the physiological characteristics of the animal. And in the second (from the 7th week) – on the contrary, to be reduced. This is due to the control of the body weight of the expectant mother and fetus. With the rapid growth of the fetus, it is difficult for a cat to give birth on its own. In order to balance the diet and avoid mineral deficiencies, many cats are switched to industrial food for pregnant and lactating animals or kitten lines. Ready feed covers the daily need for calories and contains a vitamin and mineral complex to compensate for deficiencies during pregnancy and lactation. Whereas on a natural diet, the cat will have to be supplemented with food additives, which the veterinarian should select.
6. Ensure access to clean water . Make sure that the cat consumes at least 30 ml per kg of body weight. Especially if he only eats dry food. If the animal does not experience severe thirst, include premium or super-premium canned food in the diet and purchase a drinking fountain. Running water tastes fresher and is more oxygenated, so cats like it more.
7. Keep calm . Set up a nest in a quiet secluded place. Restrict access to small children and pets. Do not disturb the cat while it is sleeping and do not stimulate physical activity. No matter how much the animal lies, there are reasons for that.
8. Protect yourself from stress. Do not plan for a cat to become pregnant if you are moving, renovating, having another pet, or having a baby. Cats have a hard time accepting change. And during pregnancy, stress only intensifies.
9. Consider the psycho-emotional state of the animal. If your cat needs affection, spend more time with her. If it becomes detached, try not to disturb.
10. Make an appointment with your veterinarian. Make sure that there are no pathologies and the risk of complications during childbirth.