What causes spotting with clots during early pregnancy. Is bleeding normal in the first trimester. How to distinguish between normal spotting and potential miscarriage. When to seek medical attention for pregnancy bleeding.

Understanding Bleeding and Spotting in Early Pregnancy

Experiencing bleeding or spotting during the early stages of pregnancy can be a concerning and anxiety-inducing experience for many women. It’s important to understand that while bleeding can be a sign of potential complications, it doesn’t always indicate a problem. In fact, up to 25% of women experience some form of bleeding or spotting during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and many go on to have healthy pregnancies.

Spotting is typically characterized by small amounts of blood noticed on underwear or tissue after wiping. The blood may appear pink, brown, red, or dark red. In some cases, women may pass fresh red blood or clots, and occasionally, string-like tissue may be observed.

Is bleeding always accompanied by pain?

Not necessarily. While some women may experience pain along with bleeding, others may not have any discomfort at all. The presence or absence of pain doesn’t always indicate the severity of the situation.

Common Causes of Early Pregnancy Bleeding

There are several potential causes of bleeding during early pregnancy. Understanding these can help alleviate some concerns and provide context for what you might be experiencing:

• Implantation bleeding
• Threatened miscarriage
• Miscarriage
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Cervical changes
• Unknown causes

Implantation Bleeding: A Normal Occurrence

Many women experience what’s known as implantation bleeding when the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. This typically occurs about 10 to 14 days after conception and is often mistaken for a light period. Implantation bleeding is usually lighter and shorter in duration compared to a regular menstrual period.

Threatened Miscarriage: When the Pregnancy Continues

A threatened miscarriage refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs in women who are less than 24 weeks pregnant, without any dilation of the cervix. Despite the alarming name, many pregnancies continue normally after a threatened miscarriage. In fact, this occurs in approximately 20% of all pregnancies.

Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare but Serious Condition

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. This condition affects about 1 in 80 pregnancies and can be life-threatening if left untreated. Bleeding, along with severe abdominal pain, can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Pregnancy Bleeding

While some bleeding during early pregnancy can be normal, it’s essential to know when to seek medical attention. Here are some guidelines based on the stage of pregnancy and severity of symptoms:

Less than Six Weeks Pregnant

If you’re less than six weeks pregnant and experiencing light bleeding, follow-up appointments are not typically arranged routinely. This is because light bleeding is relatively common at this stage, and it’s often too early to see anything on an ultrasound scan. However, you should:

• Take another pregnancy test in one week
• Contact your GP or call 111 for advice if you’re still worried after a week
• Seek medical attention if you have worsening pain or bleeding at any point

6-12 Weeks Pregnant

If you’re between 6 and 12 weeks pregnant and experiencing bleeding that isn’t too heavy, and you feel generally well:

• You may be referred to an Early Pregnancy Clinic
• Expect a phone call the next working day to discuss your symptoms
• You may receive advice over the phone or be scheduled for an in-person assessment
• Assessment may include blood tests and an ultrasound scan, but not all women require these

If bleeding is heavy, you feel unwell, or you’re experiencing severe pain, you should seek immediate medical attention. You may be assessed in the Emergency Department or referred directly to the gynecology team.

Over 12 Weeks Pregnant

If you’re more than 12 weeks pregnant and experiencing bleeding:

• You may be seen in the Emergency Department
• You might be referred directly to the gynecology ward
• If bleeding is light, you may be referred to the Early Pregnancy Clinic

The Process of Assessing Pregnancy Bleeding

When you seek medical attention for bleeding during pregnancy, you can expect a series of steps to assess your condition:

Initial Screening

Upon arrival at the Emergency Department, you’ll likely be asked some brief questions by an experienced nurse. If emergency treatment isn’t necessary, you may be referred directly to a specialist service for assessment within 72 hours.

Triage Process

If there’s uncertainty about whether you need emergency treatment, a second experienced nurse will conduct a triage assessment. This process typically involves:

• Questions about the date of your last period
• Discussion of your current symptoms
• Review of your medical history
• Providing a urine sample
• Checking your pulse and blood pressure
• Possibly taking blood samples and inserting a cannula (drip)

Further Assessment

Depending on the results of the initial screening and triage, you may:

• Be asked to wait to see an Emergency Department clinician
• Be referred to the Early Pregnancy Clinic if you’re well enough
• Undergo additional tests such as blood work or ultrasound scans

Distinguishing Between Normal Spotting and Potential Miscarriage

One of the most challenging aspects of experiencing bleeding during early pregnancy is determining whether it’s a normal occurrence or a sign of a potential miscarriage. It’s important to note that it’s not always possible to immediately determine if a miscarriage is occurring, even with an ultrasound scan.

Signs That May Indicate a Miscarriage

While not definitive, the following symptoms may be associated with a higher risk of miscarriage:

• Heavy bleeding, similar to or heavier than a normal period
• Bleeding accompanied by severe cramping or abdominal pain
• Passing large clots or tissue-like material
• A sudden decrease in pregnancy symptoms (though this can also be normal)

Normal Spotting Characteristics

Spotting that is more likely to be normal includes:

• Light bleeding that lasts only a day or two
• Pink or brown discharge
• Spotting without pain or with only mild cramping
• Bleeding that occurs after sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam

Remember, even if you’re experiencing symptoms that may indicate a miscarriage, it’s not always the case. Many women who experience bleeding in early pregnancy go on to have healthy babies.

Coping with the Emotional Impact of Early Pregnancy Bleeding

Experiencing bleeding during early pregnancy can be emotionally challenging. It’s normal to feel anxious, scared, or uncertain about the future of your pregnancy. Here are some strategies to help cope with these emotions:

Seek Support

Don’t hesitate to reach out to loved ones, your partner, or a professional counselor for emotional support. Talking about your concerns can help alleviate anxiety and provide comfort during this uncertain time.

Stay Informed

Knowledge can be empowering. Ask your healthcare provider questions about your situation and what to expect. Understanding the process can help reduce fear of the unknown.

Practice Self-Care

Engage in activities that help you relax and reduce stress. This might include gentle exercise (if approved by your doctor), meditation, reading, or any other hobby that brings you joy and calm.

Connect with Others Who Have Similar Experiences

Consider joining a support group for women experiencing pregnancy complications. Sharing your experience with others who understand can be incredibly comforting and validating.

Preventive Measures and Self-Care During Early Pregnancy

While many causes of early pregnancy bleeding are not preventable, there are steps you can take to promote a healthy pregnancy and potentially reduce the risk of complications:

Follow Prenatal Care Guidelines

Attend all scheduled prenatal appointments and follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for prenatal vitamins and care.

Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

Eat a balanced diet, stay hydrated, get adequate rest, and avoid harmful substances like alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs.

Exercise Cautiously

Engage in gentle, pregnancy-safe exercises as approved by your healthcare provider. Avoid high-impact activities or sports with a risk of falling or abdominal trauma.

Practice Safe Sex

If sexual activity is approved by your doctor, be gentle and communicate with your partner about any discomfort.

Manage Stress

Find healthy ways to cope with stress, such as prenatal yoga, meditation, or talking with a therapist.

Remember, while these measures can promote overall health during pregnancy, they cannot guarantee the prevention of all complications. Many instances of early pregnancy bleeding are not caused by anything the mother has or hasn’t done.

Understanding the Role of Medical Interventions in Early Pregnancy Bleeding

In some cases, medical interventions may be necessary to diagnose or treat the cause of early pregnancy bleeding. Understanding these potential interventions can help you feel more prepared and less anxious if they become necessary.

Ultrasound Scans

Ultrasound scans are commonly used to:

• Confirm the location of the pregnancy (ruling out ectopic pregnancy)
• Check for a fetal heartbeat
• Assess the development of the embryo or fetus
• Examine the placenta and uterine lining

Blood Tests

Blood tests may be performed to:

• Check hormone levels, particularly hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
• Assess your blood type and Rh factor
• Check for anemia or other blood-related issues

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed. This could include:

• Progesterone supplements to support early pregnancy
• Anti-D injections for Rh-negative women to prevent complications in future pregnancies
• Pain relief medications, if necessary

Surgical Interventions

In rare cases, surgical interventions may be necessary. These could include:

• Dilation and curettage (D&C) in the case of a confirmed miscarriage
• Laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancies

It’s important to note that these interventions are not always necessary and are only performed when medically indicated.

Remember, the goal of any medical intervention during early pregnancy is to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the developing baby. Your healthcare provider will discuss all options with you and help you make informed decisions about your care.

Bleeding in early pregnancy | North Bristol NHS Trust

This page has been designed for women experiencing bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy.

Bleeding in early pregnancy is understandably a very worrying time. We hope to provide some information and guidance, and answer some commonly asked questions, which we hope will provide some reassurance for you at this uneasy time.

What is bleeding and spotting in early pregnancy?

Bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy is a common occurrence, with up to 25% of women experiencing spotting or bleeding in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Unfortunately it is sometimes an indication that you are having a miscarriage, but around half of women who experience bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy carry on to have a normal pregnancy.

Spotting in pregnancy is often identified when a woman notices spots of blood on her underwear or on tissue after wiping.

You may also notice some pink, brown, red or dark red blood. Sometimes women may pass fresh red blood, or clots. Some women also notice some string like tissue coming from their vagina.

Bleeding is sometimes associated with pain, but not all the time.

What can cause bleeding in early pregnancy?

• Implantation bleed (Normal pregnancy) – Many women experience bleeding when the pregnancy implants in the womb.
• Threatened miscarriage – This is where there is vaginal bleeding in women under 24 weeks pregnant, with no dilation of the cervix. The pregnancy continues as normal – this occurs in around 20% of all pregnancies.
• Miscarriage
• Ectopic pregnancy – This is a pregnancy which develops outside of the uterus, this occurs in 1 in 80 pregnancies
• Bleeding from the cervix – Hormonal changes in pregnancy result in changes to the cervix, this commonly causes bleeding
• No obvious cause – Sometimes it is not possible to identify the cause of bleeding.

Bleeding is not caused by anything you have done – even if you have had a miscarriage. Most miscarriages occur because there is something wrong which cannot be prevented.

What can I expect whilst in the Emergency Department?

Streaming

After you arrive in the Emergency Department you will be asked some brief questions by one of our experienced nurses. If you do not need emergency treatment, the streaming nurse may be able to refer you directly to a specialist service who will assess you within 72 hours, and avoid the need for you to wait in the Emergency Department.

Triage

If there is any uncertainty as to whether you need emergency treatment, a second experienced nurse will triage you. They will need to know the date of your last period, any symptoms you have and any medical history. You will be asked for a urine sample and the nurse will check your pulse and blood pressure.

They may also take some blood samples and insert a cannula (drip) but this isn’t necessary for all women.

You may then be asked to wait to see an Emergency Department clinician, or be referred to the Early Pregnancy Clinic if you are well enough.

What next?

Less than six weeks pregnant

Follow-up appointments are not routinely arranged if you are under six weeks pregnant. This is because light bleeding is fairly common at this stage and it is usually too early to see anything on a scan.

You should take a further pregnancy test in one week and contact your GP or call 111 for advice at this point if you are still worried. If you have worsening pain or bleeding at any point you should also call 111 or contact your GP.

6 – 12 weeks

If your bleeding is not too heavy and you are well in yourself you will be referred to the Early Pregnancy Clinic. This usually involves a phone call the following working day (Monday, if this is a weekend) where the specialists will discuss your symptoms and either give you advice over the phone, or make an appointment to come into hospital for assessment. This may include blood tests and an ultrasound scan, but not every woman needs these.

If bleeding is heavy or you are unwell or have severe pain, you will be triaged and assessed by a clinician in the Emergency Department or referred directly on to the gynaecology team.

Over 12 weeks or severe pain

Depending on your symptoms you may be seen in the Emergency Department, referred directly to the gynaecology ward or, if you are over 12 weeks with light bleeding you may be referred to the Early Pregnancy Clinic. This usually involves a phone call the following working day (Monday, if this is a weekend) where the specialists will discuss your symptoms and either give you advice over the phone, or make an appointment to come into hospital for assessment.

How will I know if this is a miscarriage?

It may not be possible to tell straight away whether you are having a miscarriage, depending on your symptoms and your stage of pregnancy, even if you have an ultrasound scan. You may be asked to come back to clinic for a repeat scan after 1 – 2 weeks or you may be advised to have a blood test. This can be an upsetting time and it may help to share your feelings with a partner or trusted friend or family member. There are also some support websites at the end of this leaflet which you may find helpful.

What can be done?

Unfortunately, if a miscarriage is going to occur, there is no medical treatment that can prevent it. 90% of miscarriages are due to a problem with fetal development and would never continue to be a normal pregnancy. Most women who miscarry can expect to experience bleeding like a period for up to two weeks.

If the bleeding is not due to miscarriage, it may settle on its own, or if it continues you may need to be monitored more frequently by your midwife.

If you have had your third miscarriage, there is sometimes an underlying cause which can be treated – speak to your GP who can refer you to a specialist.

If there is heavy bleeding you may need to be monitored in hospital, or if we think you may have an ectopic pregnancy you will need further assessment with an ultrasound scan. A specialist will discuss the treatment options with you.

What if I become more unwell, or the bleeding increases after I am discharged?

If you have any of the following symptoms, you should come back to the Emergency Department to be re-assessed:

• Bleeding – if you are filling more than two large pads per hour, or passing clots the size of your palm
• Fainting or feeling faint
• Severe or increasing pain in your pelvis, abdomen or shoulder

Frequently asked questions

Have I done anything to cause the bleeding?

No. Bleeding is not caused by anything you have done – even if you have had a miscarriage. Most miscarriages occur because there is something wrong which cannot be prevented.

Should I use tampons or pads?

Sanitary pads are the safer and better option. Please ensure they are changed regularly.

Can I still have sex?

Whilst sexual intercourse is safe during pregnancy, we advise waiting until any spotting or bleeding has completely stopped until resuming sex.

Can I still go to work?

It is not necessary to stay off of work, however ensure you are getting adequate rest if you are tired. You can self-certify for 3 – 7 days, after this you will need to contact the GP who can assist you.

Can I have a bath?

Although showers are more hygienic whilst you are bleeding, it is safe for you to have a warm bath.

If you need any further advice or information

Support agencies

The Miscarriage Association

For support and information:

Telephone: 01924 200799 (Monday – Friday, 9am to 4pm)

Email: [email protected]

www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk

Ectopic Pregnancy Trust

Maternity Unit, The Hillingdon Hospital, Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3NN

Tel: 01895 238 025

Email: [email protected]

www.ectopic.org.uk

The Willow Tree Centre

A local charity offering support for parents after the loss of their pregnancy.

www.thewillowtreecentre.org.uk

Bluebell Antenatal and Postnatal Support

A Bristol charity supporting families to manage their mental health and wellbeing during pregnancy and after birth. You can refer yourself for support.

bluebellcare.org

Mothers for mothers

Bristol based help line, online support and a directory of services for all parents

www.mothersformothers.co.uk

Is spotting during pregnancy normal?

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is common but should not be considered normal. Approximately 25% to 40% of women will experience bleeding at some point from the time of conception until delivery.

Bleeding does not always mean there is a problem, but it can be a sign of miscarriage or other complications. Becoming familiar with the causes of bleeding will help you know when to contact your doctor.

Bleeding in first trimester (< 12 weeks)

The most common time to experience bleeding is in the first trimester. Most women who have bleeding early in pregnancy go on to have healthy babies. However, heavy bleeding and bleeding that lasts for days can be a sign of a problem and should be evaluated. Possible causes of bleeding include:

Embryo implanting. Light bleeding in the first few weeks after conception may be a sign that the embryo is implanting into the uterus which is a normal process. The term spotting is also used which means light bleeding. It’s less than a period and could last from a few hours to a few days.

Miscarriage. The biggest concern regarding bleeding early in pregnancy is a miscarriage. Miscarriages occur in 15% to 20% of all pregnancies so bleeding that is heavy, more than a period or lasts for more than a few days, should be evaluated to make sure the pregnancy is progressing normally. Half of patients with bleeding in the first trimester will miscarry. A miscarriage is diagnosed with an ultrasound exam to look for the fetal heartbeat.

Ectopic pregnancy. This occurs when the embryo implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancy occurs in only 2% of pregnancies but can be a life-threatening condition. If the embryo keeps growing within the tube, it can rupture and cause serious bleeding. The diagnosis is made with an ultrasound exam and checking pregnancy hormone levels. An ectopic pregnancy is highly likely if the pregnancy is not seen in the uterus with a vaginal ultrasound exam at 5-½ to 6 weeks and your hCG hormone level is 2,000-3,500 IU/L. This condition requires immediate treatment with medication or surgery.

Subchorionic hemorrhage. A small blood clot that collects under the placenta or membranes is called a subchorionic hemorrhage. This is seen with an ultrasound exam and can explain vaginal bleeding at any gestational age. Depending on its size, this can be a risk factor for miscarriage or early rupture of the membranes and preterm labor.

Infection. Infections of the cervix and vagina can cause irritation that results in spotting. This is evaluated with a speculum exam and by checking cultures to determine if treatment is necessary.

Bleeding from the cervix. Pregnancy hormones can cause the cells on the cervix to be sensitive to touch and movement, which can result in spotting. This is a common cause of light spotting in pregnancy and can occur when the cervix is touched during sex, a speculum exam, pelvic exam or from a pap smear.

Molar pregnancy. This is when abnormal placental tissue forms in the uterus instead of an embryo. It is a rare condition but requires attention to prevent complications. It is diagnosed with ultrasound and a pregnancy hormone level.

Bleeding in second & third trimesters (13-42 weeks)

Bleeding later in pregnancy is more serious and should usually be evaluated by your doctor. Possible causes include:

Cervical insufficiency. The cervix can sometimes open early in pregnancy and result in a very preterm birth. This is called cervical insufficiency because the cervix becomes weak and does not hold the baby in the uterus. Often patients are not aware this is happening or have only a small amount of spotting or pressure. Early dilation or shortening of the cervix can be treated with progesterone or a cerclage procedure. A cerclage involves putting a stitch into the cervix to hold it closed.

Preterm labor. Vaginal bleeding can occur with contractions and dilation of the cervix. If you are having painful contractions that occur every five to 10 minutes or more, spotting or bleeding, and you are early in the pregnancy (< 37 weeks), you should be evaluated for preterm labor. You will be placed on a monitor to determine if you are contracting and your cervix will be checked. Preterm labor at less then 35 weeks gestation can be treated with medications to stop labor and steroids to improve the lung maturity of our baby.

Miscarriage. A miscarriage or fetal loss can also occur later in pregnancy. Sometimes patients will notice a decrease in fetal movement or just have bleeding. An ultrasound can be done to evaluate the heartbeat and movements.

Placenta previa. If the placenta implants over the cervix, this can result in bleeding late in pregnancy when the cervix moves or dilates. This type of bleeding usually occurs without any pain and is easily diagnosed with an ultrasound to look at where the placenta is located. This is a serious condition that can lead to heavy bleeding and risk for the mom and baby. A C-section is required for delivery because the placenta covers the birth canal.

Placenta abruption. This is when the placenta detaches from the wall of uterus causing blood to collect between the placenta and uterus. It is usually accompanied by abdominal pain and cramping. Because of the risks, hospital admission is needed to monitor the baby and mom and early delivery may be necessary.

Types of tests to expect

Depending on the amount of bleeding and your gestational age, the following tests are used to determine the cause of your bleeding.

Ultrasound exam. One of the first steps in evaluating bleeding in pregnancy is an ultrasound exam. This is done to confirm that the pregnancy is in the uterus (not ectopic) and that there is a normal heart beat (no miscarriage). Ultrasound will also determine placenta location, evidence of blood clots and the length of the cervix.

Pregnancy hormone level. A pregnancy hormone level (hCG) is often checked in early gestation (< 6 weeks) to determine if you are pregnant and, before the embryo is seen by the ultrasound, if the pregnancy is progressing normally. Repeated hCG levels are helpful only during the first six weeks of pregnancy. After an ultrasound has confirmed that the embryo is within the uterus, there is no benefit in checking serial hCG levels. Other hormone tests like progesterone and estrogen are not useful in confirming a normal pregnancy.

Speculum exam. With a speculum exam, the cervix can be visualized to find out if the bleeding is coming from a pelvic infection, a mass on the cervix, a cervical laceration, or dilation of the cervix.

When to call your doctor

Because bleeding at any time in pregnancy can be a sign of a problem, you should always let your doctor or midwife know when it occurs and how heavy your bleeding is. Light bleeding or spotting lasting hours or less than a day can be discussed within 24 hours.

Learn more

• 8 warning signs during pregnancy
• What to expect the first trimester of pregnancy
• 10 things to expect in your second trimester

…

Posted In
Health Information, Pregnancy, Women’s

reasons why and what to do

During pregnancy, a woman’s body transforms, adapting to carrying a baby and preparing for the upcoming birth. Many expectant mothers are concerned about changes in vaginal discharge: their volume and color may change alert.

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Women Health

signs

How is the pregnancy

gynecology

Article verified by an expert, obstetrician-gynecologist

Do not self-medicate! In our articles, we collect the latest scientific data and the opinions of authoritative health experts. But remember: only a doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Marina Alexandrovna Boyko

obstetrician-gynecologist, member of ISSVD (International Society for Vulvovaginal Diseases) and ASEG (Association of Specialists in Aesthetic Gynecology),
Clinic “ART-ECO”

During pregnancy, life is filled with new meaning and sensations. In addition to a high emotional load, a woman experiences serious physical transformations – from hormonal to metabolic processes. The body adapts to new conditions, responding to them with certain reactions. He may continue to secrete a secret of a different nature and color. Therefore, it is important to monitor what is happening and not ignore the development of an unfavorable situation. We will tell you in detail what discharge during pregnancy occurs in the early and late stages.

Why discharge occurs during pregnancy

By itself, discharge from the genital tract in women is normal. They are necessary to moisturize the vaginal wall and protect the genitals from infectious agents. Naturally, physiologically normal discharges are not accompanied by sensations such as pain, burning, and do not lead to redness and swelling of the skin and mucous membrane of the external genital organs. Their abundance is affected by the following indicators:

• the phase of the cycle, when after menstruation they become less, and during the period of ovulation more
• the presence of infections and inflammations, including in the pelvic organs
• sexual contacts, their frequency and the use of contraception
• means for intimate hygiene wearing synthetic underwear

ADVERTISING – CONTINUED BELOW

Many women note that during pregnancy, the discharge changes even before the delay of menstruation. So the body gradually adapts to a new state. The fact is that in the first time after conception, a serious hormonal restructuring occurs. The role of the hormone progesterone as a regulator of pregnancy increases significantly, as does the level of estrogen. The reproductive organs begin to function in an enhanced mode, so the discharge may be unusual and vary depending on the trimester.

For example, in the early stages, up to 12 weeks, atypical discharge occurs in three out of ten pregnant women. They are different in color – from transparent to dark brown and in consistency – viscous or liquid. In most cases, we are talking about natural changes in the body, although not always. What discharge is considered normal during pregnancy:

• white or transparent
• without a sharp and unpleasant odor
• within the allowed volume (2-3 ml or about a teaspoon)
• without itching, pulling pain in the lower abdomen, burning

When the first or second week of pregnancy goes, the embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus, growing into the endometrium, contacting the mother’s body, so there may be light brown discharge. They are observed within a few hours or a couple of days. They can become thicker, but not necessarily, and this is also considered the norm.

Types of discharge during pregnancy and their differences

The mucous plug on the cervix, necessary to protect against the penetration of microbes, appears due to progesterone. And more liquid, often viscous discharge during pregnancy becomes due to the influence of estrogen.

White discharge

Uniform density, matte white, without foreign smell and any clots of discharge are often noticeable throughout the entire period of gestation. If itching and burning join the white discharge during pregnancy, and they themselves become like thick kefir, this may already be a thrush. Vaginal candidiasis often accompanies women in position. The acidity of the vagina changes and it becomes sensitive to fungal microorganisms.

Fungi of the genus Candida are found in small numbers even in healthy women. As soon as the immune system weakens, they begin to multiply actively and cause unpleasant symptoms. The mucous membrane turns red, the itching intensifies, especially after a shower, and there is a burning sensation when urinating. It is impossible to take medications on your own, including vaginal ones, or douching. You need to talk about these signs to the doctor who will prescribe the treatment. If light discharge during pregnancy does not bother you, you do not need to deal with them.

Brown discharge

Colored mucus most often causes concern among expectant mothers, immediately there is a feeling that something has gone wrong. Brown discharge during pregnancy is not always dangerous during pregnancy. First of all, they mean the presence of an admixture of a very small amount of blood. As a rule, they are scarce and stop fairly quickly.

In early pregnancy, brown discharge is acceptable on the days when menstruation is due. Women often see them even before the delay – this is a mixture of cervical mucus and old blood with destroyed red blood cells. If a daily pad is enough for several hours, then they are considered moderately plentiful. If the “daub” persists for more than two days, you must consult a doctor.

Normally, the expectant mother sees them only in the first month after conception. At other times they should not be. Also, the pungent smell of brown mucus indicates the presence of an infection and a gynecologist’s consultation is required.

Yellow discharge

If a woman had light yellow discharge before pregnancy, it may also appear during pregnancy. They also occur due to desquamation of the epithelial cells lining the vagina. The beige shade is manifested due to the destruction of red blood cells that are in the vagina after washing, sexual contact, and the use of suppositories. It is better to see a doctor when such a secret is noted for more than a day.

What should be alert is the rich bright color – almost orange, typical for the development of venereal diseases. Yellow-green bubbling mucus occurs with inflammation provoked by Trichomonas. In addition, it may be a symptom of dysbacteriosis with the growth of opportunistic microorganisms. Again, with itching, burning, fever, frequent urination, pain in the genital area, you should urgently contact a gynecologist. A consultation will not hurt even in the presence of yellow discharge without other symptoms – only a doctor can determine their potential danger.

Pink discharge

Scanty, with small streaks of blood, pink discharge during pregnancy is quite common. They are associated with the stage of implantation of the ovum about a week after conception. During this period, there may not yet be a delay. Also, at an early stage, the body produces the amount of hormones corresponding to the first phase of the monthly cycle. Implantation secretions are noticeable even three weeks after fertilization. It is important to remember, as we mentioned above, that a meager and short (several hours) secret is considered the norm.

In general, if the pregnancy is between two and twelve weeks, pink discharge without other indicators (pain, itching, etc. ) is not dangerous. They say that fertilization was successful. The transition to a reddish and even more so burgundy shade already poses a threat of termination of pregnancy, including when there are pulling pains in the lumbar region. This is a must-see.

Bloody discharge

It is important to consider how much blood is being shed. Not too voluminous spotting during pregnancy sometimes appears due to the implantation of the embryo to the uterine wall. As we have already said, you should not be afraid of them. But there are more serious reasons why expectant mothers notice traces of fresh blood on underwear or pads.

Spotting may occur in the first half of pregnancy until 22 weeks. Then they can become the result of the following pathologies:

• premature detachment of the ovum
• ectopic pregnancy
• spontaneous abortion
• non-developing pregnancy
• rupture of the vessel during intercourse

90 043

If we are talking about later dates, then the causes of bloody discharge become trauma to the polyp, cervical erosion, premature detachment of the placenta and premature birth. Allocations, very similar to menstruation, require special attention during pregnancy, it doesn’t matter if there are a lot of them or a little. You need to urgently contact a gynecologist who will issue a referral for an ultrasound scan.

Discharge at different stages of pregnancy

What is considered normal in the first weeks after conception is not always acceptable in subsequent trimesters. Let’s talk about at what stage of pregnancy the discharge reflects the problem and requires special medical control.

First trimester discharge

In some women (about 15%), spotting occurs about a week after fertilization. This is 18-22 days from the date of the beginning of the last menstruation. At this stage, the secret may be pale pink and brown. If a woman notices such slight discharge in the early stages of pregnancy, perhaps even before a delay, nothing bad happens in the body. Of course, if we are talking about two or three drops of vaginal fluid.

As we have already described, at this time the embryo is introduced into the uterine tissue: in the process of embryo implantation, damage to small vessels occurs. Hence a few stains on the linen. Note that some women mistakenly take discharge for signs of pregnancy. Yes, they can indirectly report it, but the test indicators, hCG analysis, and ultrasound results are more accurate.

Also in the 1st trimester, brown discharge may disappear and reappear, because sometimes there is not enough progesterone and there is a threat of termination of pregnancy. In general, hormonal changes are often accompanied by white or yellow secretions. Abundant spotting and the presence of other symptoms – itching, pain, change in smell, and so on should alert.

Discharge in the second trimester

Due to increased estrogen activity, the discharge becomes less viscous and more abundant. The liquid white secret continues to protect the vagina from germs, but only if it is free of inclusions and an unpleasant odor. Such discharge during pregnancy is considered normal in the 2nd trimester. But the abundant and frequent brown “daub”, noticed in the period from 14 to 28 weeks, is already the result of the development of pathologies in the development of the fetus, placental abruption or cervical injury. In the next few hours, the woman will need qualified help.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy in this trimester is the result of various conditions:

• low placental attachment
• placental abruption
• hydatidiform mole, when the embryo does not develop, and the chorion grows into vesicles with fluid 9 0036
• intrauterine death of an embryo in multiple pregnancy

If the secretion lasts longer than two days, looks copious, is accompanied by pain, no need to wait. It is urgent to contact a specialist.

Discharge in the third trimester

The closer to the final, the more abundant the vaginal discharge becomes. Moderate yellow or white discharge in the later stages rarely speaks of pathology. At the same time, they may indicate that the mucous plug is moving away, amniotic fluid is leaking, the fetal head is pressed against the cervix. Bloody discharge during pregnancy at the onset of the 3rd trimester may also indicate this. This happens after an examination by a gynecologist, when the uterus was greatly disturbed. The most harmless indicator is the natural removal of the mucous plug, which means that in a few days labor will begin.

Unfortunately, there are also dangerous causes of bloody secretions: placental abruption and placenta previa. Also, yellow discharge without impurities is considered harmless. But they also talk about leakage of amniotic fluid in the third trimester, which poses a threat to the child until the 37th week, when he is considered premature. It is also possible infection of the amniotic fluid or the inner membranes of the fetus. In this case, the temperature rises, and an excess of the number of leukocytes is noticeable in the smear.

Which discharge during pregnancy is dangerous

Based on the foregoing, it is rather difficult to meet pregnancy without discharge. They are needed to protect the genital organs from external influences, and also serve as an additional signal demonstrating the presence of pathology. We will tell you when you need to contact a gynecologist without delay.

• Abundant bloody may indicate uterine bleeding and injury to the vaginal mucosa.
• Curds with a sour smell, burning and itching indicate the development of thrush.
• Bright red secretion, accompanied by nausea, edema, vomiting, hypertension may indicate a mole – urgently see a doctor!
• Lack of growth of hCG in the blood, bloody discharge, drop in blood pressure, weakness, pulling pains in the lower abdomen – symptoms of ectopic attachment.
• Abundant clots, sharp pains along with vomiting and diarrhea are sometimes noted in miscarriage.
• Yellow-green discharge with a putrid odor indicates the manifestation of an infectious disease.

By the way, with a plentiful secret, it is permissible to use only gaskets. Tampons can harm the fetus and cause infection. You should not wait a week during pregnancy, when the discharge will pass by itself, studying the explanations of their causes on the forums. Not a single doctor will say that the expectant mother is worried in vain if she doubts the nature of the discharge. It is better to see a specialist once again to make sure that everything is in order with health and nothing threatens the baby.

Photo: Rodnae Productions, Mart Production, Leah Kelley: Pexels

Can I get pregnant and have my period?

Can you really have periods during early pregnancy?

There are several reasons why a woman experiences menstrual bleeding after conception. In medical practice, this phenomenon is called “Washing the fetus.” Consider in what cases the expectant mother may experience bleeding after fertilization.

Attachment of the embryo to the uterus

Approximately 7-10 days after the meeting of the sperm and the egg, the girl may experience the so-called implantation bleeding. In this case, the fetal egg passes through the fallopian tube and attaches to the wall of the reproductive organ. This is necessary for the cell to grow together with blood vessels, from which the fetus will feed in the future.

The amount of blood released during implantation bleeding is usually minimal.

Hormonal disorders

Hormonal disorders – this is another reason that can give rise to a girl’s question about whether menstruation can occur during early pregnancy? The fact is that progesterone deficiency often provokes minor spotting in the first stages after conception. By the way, the secret is more often noted precisely on those days on which menstruation was supposed to go according to the calendar. To normalize the condition and preserve the fetus, the gynecologist prescribes drugs that improve the hormonal background.

Injuries of the vagina

With various injuries of the vagina, bleeding, similar to menstruation, is a completely natural phenomenon. Such symptoms may occur after sexual intercourse or a gynecological examination.

At the same time, the doctor can justifiably ban intimate relationships. Bloody or brown spots on underwear may not appear immediately after sexual intercourse, but after a few hours.

Two eggs in one cycle

In women taking ovulation inducing drugs, not one, but two eggs may be released from the ovary in one cycle. By the way, this often happens without taking any medication. If the first egg was fertilized and attached to the wall of the uterus, then the second (unfertilized) comes out of it naturally, that is, with menstruation.

When menstruation during pregnancy is dangerous

Do not panic if a small amount of blood is observed during implantation of the ovum. After how many days false periods pass – secretion usually does not cause discomfort, lasts 1-2 days and ends on its own.

The main signs of conception, in addition to the fact that menstruation has ended, are:

• swelling of the mammary glands;
• decreased libido;
• change in taste preferences;
• early toxicosis – nausea, dizziness, vomiting;
• fatigue, weakness, drowsiness;
• decreased immunity, increased susceptibility to colds.

In a situation where a woman has all of the above symptoms, and a pregnancy test gives out two bright stripes, if bleeding occurs, similar to heavy periods, you should immediately visit a doctor.

Various causes of pathological spotting can be factors that threaten the health, and often even the life of a lady.

Ectopic pregnancy

Sometimes women, after seeing a positive pregnancy test and learning about their interesting situation, after a few weeks notice the appearance of scanty bloody discharge against the background of severe pulling pains in the lower abdomen. An important detail – the test can show one bright strip, and the second is barely noticeable.

This symptomatology indicates an ectopic development of the fetus, when the embryo begins to grow in the cavity of the fallopian tube or peritoneum.

Abundant discharge, similar to menstruation during ectopic pregnancy in the early stages, is accompanied by several more signs:

• nausea, vomiting;
• sudden drop in blood pressure;
• severe headaches and dizziness;
• stabbing sensations in the lower abdomen, pain extending to the lower back and entire back;
• breast swelling;
• lack of appetite.

An ectopic pregnancy is life-threatening for a woman if her symptoms are not addressed in time. When the fallopian tube ruptures, intense internal bleeding can begin.

Bladder drift

The answer to the question of whether menstruation can go on as usual during pregnancy is negative, therefore, with such symptoms, it is important to contact a specialist in time, find out the cause and eliminate it, because some factors can be very dangerous. These include cystic drift – this is a pathology in which a spermatozoon fertilizes an egg that does not contain a nucleus, or two spermatozoa penetrate into the gamete at once.

As a result, instead of an ordinary fetus, a benign tumor develops in the uterine cavity – it consists of chorionic cells. A dangerous complication of cystic drift is the degeneration of benign tumor cells into malignant ones – it occurs in 20% of cases. In the early period of gestation, a woman develops spotting blood discharge against the background of severe toxicosis, the symptoms of which are several times stronger than usual.

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy

The sooner a girl with signs of a miscarriage seeks help from a medical institution, the more chances doctors have to maintain and continue the pregnancy. An incipient miscarriage may present with symptoms:

• scanty dark red or brown blood discharge;
• drawing pains in the abdomen, radiating to the back;
• dizziness;
• nausea.

If there is little blood, the patient is prescribed hormonal drugs. In the case of heavy bleeding, when ultrasound confirms the process of rejection of the embryo that has begun, the pregnancy cannot always be saved. That is why it is important to visit the doctor on time when discharge similar to menstruation appears.

Miscarriage

This is one of the main pathological causes of menstruation according to a woman during pregnancy.

1. This process is connected with the fact that the embryo dies and further progression of pregnancy stops.
2. As a result, there is a reaction of rejection of the fetal egg from the uterine cavity, it can also be a complete detachment.
3. Bleeding occurs, sometimes on the day of the expected menstruation, especially in women with habitual miscarriage, and also after a slight delay.
4. Those who have irregular menstrual cycles can skip pregnancy at a later date. The blood released during a miscarriage is bright red.
5. Similar discharge may begin and resemble the height of menstruation. The volume of secretions, as a rule, increases, may be clots. In some cases, it can be abundant in the initial stages, and subsequently decreases. This is usually due to retention of fetal particles or chorionic villi. If particle retention occurs, the discharge can drag on for a long time and resemble a daub, which most women confuse with menstrual disorders.
6. Discharges change in character, become scanty, their color usually acquires a brown tint. When tightening, the process can be painful, it is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the lower sections of a pulling nature, which can periodically intensify.

Missing pregnancy

In the first trimester of pregnancy, a woman experiences the cessation of all symptoms characteristic of gestation. Further, scanty bleeding appears, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, similar to sensations during a miscarriage. Later, bleeding becomes more abundant, acquire a bright red tint. The treatment of a frozen pregnancy is operational – the uterus is cleaned.

If such symptoms are ignored, there is a high risk of infection of the genital organ and the development of endometritis – an acute inflammatory process.

Pregnancy during menstruation

Contrary to the opinion of many women that fertilization is impossible during menstruation, it is quite possible to conceive a child during menstruation. This happens infrequently, but such cases are regularly recorded in medical practice.

This happens when the hormonal background is disturbed, if the release of the egg from the ovary occurs immediately before the monthly bleeding.

How to distinguish bleeding from menstruation

If there are any doubts about the beginning and normal course of pregnancy, it is worth knowing how to distinguish menstruation when carrying crumbs from the usual .

Testing of hormones in blood and urine

It is very important to carry out a urine pregnancy test from a pharmacy. This method is the safest and most affordable. It can be carried out at home without any problems. But if the result is negative, it does not mean that you are not pregnant. It is not always informative in the early stages . For a more accurate result, it is worth taking a blood test for the level of chorionic gonadotropin. You can find out the correct result already on the 10th day after conception. If it is positive, then conception has occurred, and if it is negative, then no.

If a girl monitors her basal temperature, then she will also be able to determine whether it is menstruation or discharge during pregnancy . Direct evidence that fertilization has occurred is the temperature in the rectum above 37 degrees.

How you feel

Many women experience pregnancy with symptoms such as:

1. Increased fatigue and weakness.
2. Mood changes – tearfulness or sudden changes.
3. Sensitization of the area of ​​the areola of the breast, as well as the nipples.
4. Breast engorgement.
5. Exacerbation of sensitivity to smells.
6. Vomiting and nausea in the morning.

These symptoms will persist with abnormal discharge during the gestation period.

By pattern of discharge

In most situations, the discharge, which can be confused with menstruation during pregnancy, is unusual. It is for this reason that they cause suspicion and doubt in a woman. But according to the reviews, it can be judged that if the monthly discharge was normally meager, , then women do not notice the difference . It is necessary to pay attention to such factors:

1. If spotting appeared after a delay.
2. If they are clotted and unusually copious.
3. If they started earlier than the due date.
4. Last only 1 or 2 days.
5. Minor.

When to see a doctor

A pregnant woman should always see a doctor in case of bleeding. In many cases, it is safe for pregnancy, but sometimes it indicates a hormonal deficiency or a threatened miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. In the first two cases, taking appropriate medications and bed rest can help keep the pregnancy going. In the third case, surgery may be required.

The doctor will do an ultrasound and blood test to determine the cause of the bleeding and determine the next steps for the expectant mother. In the worst case, bleeding can mean:

• an ectopic pregnancy (especially if it is accompanied by acute abdominal pain and occurs between 6 and 12 weeks)
• threatened miscarriage, which is manifested not only by bleeding, but also by spasmodic pain in the abdomen
• a miscarriage that has already begun, which, unfortunately, cannot be stopped. Remember that a miscarriage may indicate a life-threatening developmental disorder in the fetus. Therefore, it is impossible to stop any miscarriage, and sometimes it is not advisable.

Bleeding is harmless at best. Based on the results of studies conducted by American scientists in 2010 and observing 4510 women in the first trimester of pregnancy:

Quote

Severe bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially if accompanied by pain, has a high risk of miscarriage. Spotting or slight bleeding that lasts no more than 1-2 days does not pose any threat to pregnancy. Source

Algorithm of actions in case of doubt

If a woman does not rule out that she may be pregnant, but she has discharge, then she should immediately visit a specialist. You should never take any drugs or use folk methods in order to intensify menstruation and cause an abortion, as a continuation of a miscarriage that has begun.

It is better not to try to stop the bleeding with medicines and herbs. This will not stop the discharge, but it can negatively affect the health of the fetus and the future mother. The most correct algorithm for female actions is:

1. Remember the date of your last menstrual period. So you can understand what it is: menstruation or discharge during pregnancy.
2. Perform a urine pregnancy test. A positive result is even a faint second strip.
3. It is necessary to remember possible provocateurs. You may have been stressed, exercised, or had sexual contact, which could trigger the appearance of discharge.
4. Go for an ultrasound. This is done only in a situation where the discharge is insignificant and there are no other ailments that bother the woman. After the diagnosis, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist with the results. So he can give you an accurate diagnosis.
5. Go to the hospital. With abundant discharge and the presence of pain in the abdomen, you need to go to the hospital for help as soon as possible. If you feel generally normal, make an appointment with a doctor, but you don’t need to delay the visit (it is advisable to visit a gynecologist within the next two or three days).

To the question that interests all women about whether there can be menstruation during the period of bearing a baby, experts give an unambiguous answer that these two concepts are absolutely opposite to each other. Even minor spotting during the period of bearing a baby is a pathology that needs medical supervision and, possibly, emergency treatment.

It is for this reason that if you have any doubts about your condition, you should immediately visit a specialist. And this must be done as quickly as possible. After all, if a woman delays visiting a clinic, this can lead to deplorable events.

Treatment

This is a special and important question that arises in this pathology. He requires an accurate confirmation of the diagnosis by a specialist, since there is a process not only of blood loss, but also of possible harm to a woman and an unborn child or disregard for a life-threatening condition.

After an accurate diagnosis, the doctor decides on further tactics:

• If the cause is physiological , then the prognosis will be favorable.
• If bleeding is associated with the process of implantation of the ovum , then no medical treatment should be carried out, since there is no threat to the further development of pregnancy in the early stages. All that is required is careful monitoring of its course.
• With the simultaneous maturation of several eggs at once , as a rule, it is necessary to control the quality of penetration into the mucous membrane of the fetal egg. If it occurs, then dynamic observation also takes place.
• Due to insufficient hormonal levels, medications are required. Usually these are progesterone group drugs that help keep the pregnancy in the early stages. Such drugs include Duphaston or Utrozhestan, these are synthetic analogues of natural progesterone, which are completely analogous to the human hormone. Reception is usually long and systematic:
  • Dufaston can be administered to a woman up to 22 weeks of pregnancy, taken orally at a dosage of 10 mg as maintenance therapy, twice a day. It acts on the body systemically.
  • Utrozhestan. It is also an analogue of natural progesterone. It is available in the form of capsules or suppositories for vaginal use. The dosage is 200 mg. It is administered daily, usually once. The advantage in its use is the possibility of prolongation until the moment of delivery, the introduction ends at the 36th week of pregnancy, when the fetus becomes viable without additional support and preparation. It is also ease of use, there is less formation of systemic action. The risk of side effects is minimal.
• There is no conservative treatment for bleeding due to ectopic pregnancy . The only way to prevent such a life-threatening condition is surgical treatment. Usually it is carried out on an emergency basis, the volume will depend on the lesion, as well as the gestational age, i.e. the larger it is, the larger the fertilized egg will be. Treatment options include organ-preserving surgery, especially on the fallopian tubes, or plastic surgery. In the latter case, there is a high probability that re-introduction may occur at the site of damage.
• Mole is a pathology currently classified as a true tumor. Therefore, treatment is carried out in conjunction with oncologists. If possible, surgical removal of the formed vesicles is required, as well as the subsequent passage of chemotherapy. It will be aimed at preventing further progression of the disease and the possibility of its spread by the hematogenous route.

Prevention

Prevention of the appearance of menstruation in early pregnancy comes down to following the basic rules:

• Before planning pregnancy, it is worth carefully examining the body , in particular, the reproductive system.
• Inflammatory processes on the pelvic organs should be avoided , if they occur, careful treatment and anti-relapse measures should be carried out.
• Get tested for sexually transmitted infections.
• In case of violations of the menstrual cycle, contact the specialists to select the means leading to its restoration.
• In case of diagnosis of pregnancy, the use of special tests is required to register as early as possible for pregnancy , if desired. So the doctor will be able to more carefully monitor the stages of its formation.
• Limit violent intercourse during pregnancy to prevent vaginal mucosa.

How to distinguish between menstruation during pregnancy and normal

Usually, a woman’s periods go according to a certain regime – at first, the discharge comes out quite abundantly, then their number and frequency decreases. With bleeding caused by certain problems, the appearance, consistency, mode and duration of the discharge differs from menstruation. The nature of the differences depends on the reasons, highlighting:

• With a lack of progesterone, menstruation begins in the form of weak bleeding, at the initial stage, they are accompanied by mild pain in the lower pelvis and groin. After a certain short time, the discharge intensifies to bleeding, the pains become more severe and cramping.
• With increased secretion of androgens (hyperandrogenism), spotting is accompanied by pulling pains in the lower pelvis and lower back.
• Implantation bleeding coincides with the onset of the next menstruation, but differs from menstruation by the scarcity of discharge.
• In an ectopic pregnancy, bleeding can begin immediately, very profusely and very intensely. Even if at the beginning of the discharge they do not differ in large quantities, then soon the bleeding intensifies and is complemented by acute severe pain in the lower abdomen.

If a woman knows she is pregnant, but notices even slight spotting on her underwear, she should immediately consult a doctor. The reason for menstruation during early pregnancy can be quite safe, but the possibility of a threatened abortion or its abnormal development can only be excluded with the help of an examination. Timely access to a specialist gives a chance to save the pregnancy.

In modern clinical gynecology, methods have been developed for the treatment of almost all pathological conditions that provoke bleeding during pregnancy. For example, a lack or excess of hormones is corrected with the help of drug therapy. An exception is an ectopic pregnancy, which requires urgent medical, often surgical, intervention.

Attention! This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is scientific material or medical advice and can not be a substitute for in-person consultation with a professional physician. For diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment, please contact qualified doctors!

Sources

• https://malishzdorov.