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The Truth About Feeding a Cold and Starving a Fever

“Feed a cold, starve a fever” is an adage that’s been around for centuries. The idea most likely originated during the Middle Ages when people believed there were two kinds of illnesses. The illnesses caused by low temperatures, such as a cold, needed to be fueled, so eating was recommended. Illnesses caused by high temperatures, such as a fever, needed to be cooled down, so refraining from eating was thought to deprive the furnace of energy.

Nowadays, most doctors and years of research into the cold and flu say there’s only one tried-and-true treatment for colds and flu — plenty of rest and fluids. That’s because colds and flu are caused by viruses, for which there is no cure. But you can support your immune system as it struggles to prevail through proper nutrition and, even more importantly, proper hydration­.

If anything, the adage should be, “feed a cold, feed a fever,” because bodies fighting illness need energy, so eating healthy food helps. Eating food when you have a cold can also help the body generate heat, although other methods of keeping warm, like wearing an extra layer of clothes or wrapping yourself in a blanket, do the trick as well.

There are many reasons you shouldn’t try to starve a fever. Fever is part of the immune system’s attempt to combat the virus. Fever raises body temperature, which increases metabolism and burns more calories. That’s one reason why taking in calories becomes important.

What’s far more crucial in combating both colds and the flu is staying hydrated. Fever dehydrates the body, in part through increased sweating from the elevated temperature. Vomiting and diarrhea, two common symptoms of the flu, also quickly dehydrate the body. Dehydration makes the mucus in the nose, throat, and lungs dry up, which can lead to clogged sinuses and respiratory tubes. When mucus hardens it becomes more difficult to cough, which is the body’s way of trying to expel mucus and the germs it contains.

Replacing fluids is critical to helping the body battle the virus. Water works just fine, as do fruit juices and electrolyte beverages. If you feel nauseated, try taking small sips of liquids, as gulps might cause you to throw up. You can be sure you’re getting enough fluids by looking at the color of your urine, which should be pale yellow, almost colorless.

Of course, when you’re sick, you may not feel much like drinking and even less like eating. Loss of appetite is common, and might be part of the body’s attempt to focus its energy on pounding the pathogens. Don’t force yourself to eat, but make sure to take in plenty of fluids. However, you should avoid coffee, caffeinated sodas, and alcohol, because caffeine and alcohol both contribute to dehydration.

Once you’ve contracted a cold or the flu, it should run its course in five to 10 days. And while nothing can cure a cold or the flu, some remedies can ease your symptoms and keep you from feeling so miserable.

Cold and Flu Remedies That Work

Wash your hands

For starters, frequent hand washing is one of the best things you can do to avoid catching whatever bugs might be going around. The key to making it count is using lots of soapy water and scrubbing for at least 20 seconds. If you’re in a public restroom, use a paper towel instead of your bare hand when you touch the door handle. At home, you should regularly disinfect doorknobs with Lysol spray or disinfectant wipes. And don’t forget about your germy computer keyboard and mobile phone. It’s a good idea to regularly run a disinfectant wipe over those keys and your phone.

Sip warm liquids

Taking in warm liquids such as chicken soup, hot tea (with lemon or honey), or warm apple juice can be soothing and the warm vapor rising from the bowl or cup can ease congestion by increasing mucus flow. Chicken soup is everyone’s favorite, but it’s not a miracle cure. It does provide needed calories and salt, as well as some nutritional benefits. Chicken soup is also generally easy on the stomach.

Soothe a sore throat

Gargling with salt water helps get rid of the thick mucus that can collect at the back of the throat, especially after you’ve been lying down. It can also help ease stuffy ears. Use 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon salt dissolved in an eight-ounce glass of warm water. Please note that children younger than 6 years old will be unlikely to be able to gargle properly.

You can also try ice chips, sore throat sprays, lozenges, or hard candy. Don’t give lozenges or hard candy to children younger than 3 to 4 years old because they can choke on them.

Combat a stuffy nose

Over-the-counter saline nasal drops and sprays can help relieve stuffiness and congestion. In infants, experts recommend putting several saline drops into one nostril, then gently suctioning that nostril with a bulb syringe. Saline nasal sprays may be used in older children.

Another option to ease stuffiness is nasal irrigation with a neti pot, where you pour salt water into one nostril and let it run out the other, clearing out your nasal passages. You can buy pre-made saline solution or make it by mixing salt and lukewarm sterile or distilled water. Neti pots are available in health food stores and drugstores.

Add moisture to the air

Breathing moist air helps ease nasal congestion and sore throat pain. One good strategy is to indulge in a steamy shower several times a day — or just turn on the shower and sit in the bathroom for a few minutes, inhaling the steam. Another way to ease congestion is to use a steam vaporizer or a humidifier. Be sure to change the water daily and clean the unit often in order to be sure it’s free of mold and mildew.

Another quick way to open clogged airways is to make a “tent.” Bring a pot of water to a boil and remove it from the heat. Drape a towel over your head, close your eyes, and lean over the water under the “tent,” breathing deeply through your nose for 30 seconds. You may also want to add a drop or two of peppermint or eucalyptus oil to the water for extra phlegm-busting power. Repeat this as often as necessary to ease congestion.

Relieve Pain

For adults and children older than 5, over-the-counter decongestants, antihistamines, and pain relievers might relieve some symptoms. As far as pain relievers go, children six months or younger should only be given acetaminophen. For children older than six months, either acetaminophen or ibuprofen are appropriate. Adults can take acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin. Please note that none of these over-the-counter medications will prevent a cold or shorten its duration, and most have some side-effects.

Another great way to relieve headache or sinus pain is to place a warm cloth over your forehead and nose.

Rest

Your body needs time to heal, so listen to it. If your body’s urging you to spend all day in bed, then do so. Don’t press on with daily chores in the face of severe cold or flu symptoms. And don’t skimp on nighttime sleep. Good sleep cycles help the immune system work well, so it’s important to get a full eight hours of sleep each night.

Starve a Cold, Feed a Fever? Learn the Facts


If you’re not quite sure how this saying goes, you can relax: Starving is never the correct answer.

When you eat a good-for-you, well-balanced diet, many other things fall in place that keep your body working well. Foods that are rich in nutrients help fight infections and may help prevent illness. They’re delicious, too! Get to know the best sources.

Antioxidants

These can help keep your immune system strong. Antioxidants — which include beta carotene and vitamins C and E — are essential nutrients and can help keep your immune system strong. They help protect your body on the inside. One way they do that is to target “free radicals,” which are molecules that can harm things including cell membranes. By taking away their destructive power, antioxidants may help you stay healthy or bounce back faster if you do get sick.

The best way to include them in your diet is to eat more fruits and vegetables. If you cook them, use as little liquid as possible to keep the nutrients in the food.

Most health organizations recommend eating five to nine servings of fruits and vegetables daily. That will give you plenty of antioxidants. For example, one quarter of a cantaloupe gives you nearly half the beta carotene you need in a day. Plus, it’s a rich source of vitamin C. And spinach gives you beta carotene, vitamin C, folic acid, and magnesium.


Foods rich in beta carotene and other carotenoids include: Apricots, asparagus, beef liver, beets, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, corn, guava, kale, mangoes, mustard and collard greens, nectarines, peaches, pink grapefruit, pumpkin, squash (yellow and winter), sweet potato, tangerines, tomatoes, and watermelon.


Foods rich in vitamin C include: broccoli, cantaloupe, cauliflower, kale, kiwi, orange juice, papaya, red, green or yellow pepper, sweet potato, strawberries, and tomatoes.


Foods rich in
vitamin E
include: almonds, corn oil, cod-liver oil, hazelnuts, lobster, peanut butter, safflower oil, salmon steak, and sunflower seeds.

Bioflavonoids

Foods high in bioflavonoids may also help you stay healthy. Research shows that these key nutrients help to boost immune system activation. These natural substances accompany vitamin C in plants and act as an antioxidant.


Food sources: You can find bioflavonoids in the pulp and white core that runs through the center of citrus fruits, green peppers, lemons, limes, oranges, cherries, and grapes. Quercetin is a highly concentrated bioflavonoid found in broccoli, citrus fruits, and red and yellow onions.

Continued

Glutathione

Glutathione is another nutrient that helps the immune system work well so it can fight infections.


Food sources: You can get it from broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, and other cruciferous vegetables.

Phytochemicals

Foods high in phytochemicals are also important for wellness. Phytochemicals are in all plants, so a diet that includes a variety of grains, fruits, and vegetables will give you these healthy substances.


Food sources: Apples, apricots, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, garlic, legumes, onions, red peppers, soybeans, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes.

Protein

You need protein to build and repair body tissue and fight viral and bacterial infections. It’s rare for anyone in the U.S. to be low on protein, and too much can be bad for your kidneys. Make sure you choose lean sources, such as beans and soy, lean beef, and skinless chicken or turkey.

Chicken Soup

Chicken soup appears to help fight colds in at least two research studies. It helps clear nasal congestion as well as thin mucus so you can better cough it up. Also, research shows it may have a mild anti-inflammatory effect that can help ease cold symptoms.

Drinking hot tea is another great old home remedy. Hot tea helps to thin mucus and ensure proper hydration of the body. Green and black teas are filled with flavonoids, which are potent antioxidants.



Sources

SOURCES:

Bruce, D. The Sinus Cure, Ballantine, 2007.

Mayo Clinic: “Cold Remedies: What Works, What Doesn’t, What Can’t Hurt.”

eMedicineHealth: “Colds Treatment: Self-Care at Home.”

FDA: “Colds and Flu: Time Only Sure Cure.”

American Lung Association: “A Survival Guide for Preventing and Treating Influenza and the Common Cold.”


Nutrients: “Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Liver Cancer.”



© 2021 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved.

Do You Feed a Cold and Starve a Fever?

Does that mean you should force yourself to eat big meals when you’re sick? Again, the answer is no. There’s no need to eat more or less than usual, according to Harvard Health Publishing, but what you do eat should be rich in essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C and zinc.

The Age-Old Cold-and-Flu Adage That’s Actually True

Eating a bowl of chicken soup really can help you feel better when you’re battling an upper respiratory tract infection, research has shown. One classic University of Nebraska Medical Center study published in the journal Chest suggests that traditional chicken soup made with vegetables contains many beneficial substances that help ease inflammation and other cold and flu symptoms.

Another study, published in the journal Rhinology, showed that consuming warm liquids “provided immediate and sustained relief from symptoms of runny nose, cough, sneezing, sore throat, chilliness, and tiredness,” according to the researchers. And even earlier research in Chest found that eating hot chicken soup made it easier to blow germ-carrying mucus out of your nose.

More importantly, soup is hydrating, and taking in lots of water, juices, or broth is crucial for preventing dehydration when you have a fever, says Soma Mandal, MD, an internist with the Summit Medical Group in New Jersey. “If you’re dehydrated on top of feeling sick, that will make you feel worse,” she says.

One reason why is that during a fever, your body needs to use more fluids than usual to maintain different bodily functions, Dr. Mandal explains. For example, she says, “when you have an upper respiratory infection, the virus is replicating in the cells, which causes tissue damage. Hydration helps repair those cells.”

You also lose a lot of water as your body tries to release heat through sweat. So the higher the fever, the greater the risk of dehydration becomes. “If you have a high fever or a fever lasting more than two to three days, you will need even more fluids to keep from getting dehydrated,” notes family medicine physician Curt Gingrich, MD, chief operating officer of OhioHealth Marion General Hospital in Marion, Ohio.

“In addition to making sure you’re drinking plenty of fluids during an illness,” Dr. Gingrich adds, “be sure to also get plenty of rest.”

Fact or Fiction?: Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever

Maxims typically date back many years, but “feed a cold, starve a fever” may beat them all. This saying has been traced to a 1574 dictionary by John Withals, which noted that “fasting is a great remedy of fever.” The belief is that eating food may help the body generate warmth during a “cold” and that avoiding food may help it cool down when overheated.

But recent medical science says the old saw is wrong. It should be “feed a cold, feed a fever.”

Let’s take colds first. When your body fights an illness it needs energy, so eating healthy food is helpful. Eating can also help the body generate heat—although wearing an extra layer of clothes or slipping into bed can keep you warm, too. There’s no need to overeat, however. The body is quick to turn recently digested food into energy, and it’s also efficient at converting stored energy in fat.

The reasons to eat for fever are more interesting. Fever is part of the immune system’s attempt to beat the bugs. It raises body temperature, which increases metabolism and results in more calories burned; for each degree of temperature rise, the energy demand increases further. So taking in calories becomes important.

Even more crucial is drinking. Fever dehydrates your system, in part through increased sweating from that elevated temperature. Replacing fluids is therefore critical to helping the body battle the infection. The same is true for combating colds. “You have to make yourself drink fluids, even though all you want to do is collapse,” says William Schaffner, chair of the Department of Preventive Medicine at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

Dehydration also makes mucus in the nose, throat and lungs dry up, which can then clog sinuses and respiratory tubes. When mucus hardens it becomes more difficult to cough, Schaffner notes, which is our way of trying to expel mucus and the germs it contains. Staying hydrated helps keep the mucus running, which, even though it may be disgusting, is one of our natural defenses.

The challenge, of course, is that when you’re sick you may not feel much like drinking and even less like eating. Loss of appetite is common, and might be part of the body’s attempt to focus its energy on pounding the pathogens. Given the wisdom noted above, Schaffner says, don’t force yourself to eat if you don’t feel like it. “But drink,” he adds. “It’s the liquids that are important.” Avoid caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine enhances dehydration. So does alcohol, and it is also a depressant, holding us down.

What about some other common conceptions for beating colds and fevers, such as eating chicken soup? Chicken soup doesn’t possess any magic ingredients, but it has calories as well as the all-important liquids again. The warm vapor rising from the bowl can also moisten and loosen dried mucus. The same goes for vapor from hot tea, with or without lemon or honey. Taking a hot shower can soften mucus, too—and if you dare, you can get rid of it by gently blowing your nose one nostril at a time while you’re in there.

Supplements are dubious at best. The data from studies about taking vitamin C are inconclusive, as they are for zinc. Solid studies of echinacea show no benefit. If there’s any positive effect at all from any of these compounds, it is very small, Schaffner concludes.

Over-the-counter remedies may or may not help, but that’s a whole ‘nother story. They can relieve symptoms but they do not kill off viruses or bacteria. Cold and fever germs usually run their course, and the immune system eventually gets the upper hand. In the meantime, drink drink drink. And sleep as much as you can, to give your body the rest it needs to fight the good fight.

Is Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever True?

Colds and Fever – How to Help Relieve Your Symptoms

Now that you know the old saying ‘feed a cold, starve a fever’ doesn’t have much merit – what should you do to help ease your cold symptoms or fever?

There are some at-home remedies you can do to relieve your symptoms. You can:

When you stay hydrated, your body has the ability to flush more germs out of its system.10 You might not feel like drinking fluids, but a cold virus or flu can bring symptoms that might further dehydrate you. Make sure you drink more fluids than you usually would as you recover. Chicken soup is also a delicious way to stay hydrated while allowing the warm broth to relieve your symptoms.

Sleep has many benefits because it’s a time in which our body can reset its level of energy. Sleeping helps strengthen your immune system and prepare it to fight off viruses like the cold and flu.10 Sleeping with an extra pillow can elevate your head and release some of the sinus build up you might have.10

Using a vaporizer, humidifier, or even placing small bowls of water around your home can increase the moisture that’s in the air.11 Cold weather can dry out air, and the dry air can increase your chances of getting a cold or flu.11 Some possible symptoms of a cold and flu are nasal congestion and chest congestion. By adding moisture to the air, it can help you breathe in the vapor and reduce your congestion.11

Honey has antiviral properties that can relieve symptoms of a cold and flu.10 You can add honey to your tea to help stay hydrated and ease your sore throat. Honey also has properties that can prevent the growth of small organisms in our system.10 Children under the age of 1 years old should not ingest honey.

Certain oils contain menthol, and menthol can help clear any congestion you might have.10 You can put oils like peppermint oil around your nose with a sensitive carrier oil, or in an oil diffuser to breathe it in.

There are many other things that you can try at home to help treat a cold or fever, but if you need some quick relief, an over-the-counter cold and flu medicine can help.

Fluid intake is an important part of treating a cold or flu. A liquid cold and flu medicine such as Theraflu Hot Liquid Powders can help to ease symptoms while also contributing to your fluid intake.1,4 Try Theraflu for relief from your worst cold and flu symptoms – including fever, headache, body aches, congestion, cough and sore throat.

Discover more cold and flu treatment options, including ways to help treat fever.

If your fever lasts longer than two days or at 103°F (39.4°C) or higher despite treatment, or is accompanied by a stiff neck, confusion or irritability, a rash, light sensitivity, dehydration or seizures, seek medical attention as soon as possible.9

Feed a cold, starve a fever? Here’s what science says

“Feed a cold, starve a fever” is an adage that has been around for centuries. Now a new study in mice finds that it might actually have some truth — but it depends what exactly is the cause of your fever.

Why it matters:

Loss of appetite is common with sickness and Ruslan Medzhitov, an immunologist at Yale University, and his colleagues wanted to know why. Is it just a consequence of illness, or does it have some protective benefit we don’t fully understand?

The nitty gritty:

Researchers infected mice with either a bacteria that causes food poisoning or a flu virus.

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All the mice began to eat less after falling ill, but some were force-fed food or given pure glucose. After 10 days all the bacteria-infected mice who had continued being fed had died, while more than half that had avoided food lived. But it was the opposite in those infected with the flu: More than 75 percent lived if they had been force-fed, while only about 10 percent lived if they hadn’t. Food was protective against the virus, but detrimental to the bacterial infection.

“To our complete surprise we found that force feeding was protective” in viral infections, Medzhitov said.

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Intrigued, the team conducted more experiments, and found that glucose, but not proteins or fats, was the dangerous component of foods during a bacterial infection. The study was published Thursday in the journal Cell.

Related:

Nighttime eating may increase risk of breast cancer recurrence

But keep in mind:

The work was done in mice, not people. But a 2002 study in humans found similar results: eating stimulates the kind of immune response needed to combat viral infections, while fasting might stimulate the immune response that takes down unfriendly bacteria.

What they’re saying:

“What it shows is that if we understand the infection, there might be simple ways that we can improve outcome,” said David Schneider, an immunomicrobiologist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved in the work.

But he noted more needs to be done before we know how far to generalize these findings, which used only one strain of mice and might not apply to every infection.

“We don’t want to say, ‘Ok, bacteria means we don’t feed patients.’ It’s not time for that yet,” he said. “There are always going to be exceptions.”

You’ll want to know:

The differences in nutrition seemed to influence survival not through a direct impact on the pathogen, but rather by changing the ability of the mice’s own tissue to withstand the metabolic stress that came with illnesses, said Janelle Ayres, an immunomicrobiologist at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., who was not involved in the study.

“Conventional wisdom among most scientists and the general public is you have an infection, you have to take an antibiotic or you have to take an antiviral and you just have to kill it,” she said. “This nicely demonstrates that we need to be able to deal with metabolic stresses, or we can compromise our ability to defend against infection.”

The bottom line:

Fevers can be caused by both bacteria and viruses — so the adage “Feed a cold, starve a fever” is an oversimplification. But knowing whether to feed patients based on the infection they have could be useful not just for chicken soup remedies but also for more serious infections like sepsis, which can be caused by both types of pathogens.

True or False: Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever?

Is the old adage “feed a cold, starve a fever” true? NorthShore’s Robert Mitchell Figura, D.O., puts to rest the truth of this ancient wisdom.

The reason people say “feed a cold” is because the body needs energy when it’s fighting illness. This applies to both colds and flu, but for different reasons. For a cold, eating healthy food will provide the body the extra energy it needs to fight illness, but can also help the body generate heat. The cold virus replicates faster in a cold environment so raising your body’s temperature along with bundling up can stop cold germs in their tracks, said Dr. Figura.

Fevers have a totally different reason for needing to be “fed.” When you have a fever, it’s your body’s attempt to overcome the virus. This increased heat causes an increase in metabolism, which in turn increases calories burned. You want to take in calories to counteract this. Of course, fevers often come with a loss of appetite. Don’t force yourself to eat if you don’t feel like it.

So it seems that in either case, calories are key in helping the body recover, but that’s not actually the most important part of the equation. Fluids, while not technically “feeding” anything, are more important than calories. Fevers dehydrate your system, and colds require mucus to expel all the germs. Dried up mucus can clog up its exit routes and keep those germs inside you. Juice and water are your best go-to fluids. Avoid caffeinated or alcoholic beverages, as these can further dehydrate the body, Dr. Figura said.

This is what makes chicken soup a healthy choice for colds and fevers. It provides both calories and fluids to keep the body fighting illness. There is nothing magical about soup, it’s just a combination of the best things for a cold or a fever.

Next time you are trying to remember if it’s “starve a cold and feed a fever” or “feed a cold and starve a fever,” remember this new adage: Feed them both to keep the body fighting.

90,000 What is the difference between the flu and the common cold: debunking 5 popular myths

When a person is sick, on the contrary, he needs to eat well and consume more protein foods, vitamins and minerals, since vitamins activate the cells of the immune system and thus accelerate the immune response to pathogens. In addition, during colds, a person begins to drink various medicines that cannot be taken on an empty stomach. So, fasting for a cold is not the best way to deal with it.It can even complicate it and lead to negative consequences.

If you are sick, do not stop eating and eat more vitamins and minerals.

Don’t trust unverified information and myths about colds and flu. Remember, your health is only in your hands!

How to strengthen immunity in winter without medication? Read on for 5 proven natural ways to boost your immune system.

What foods with vitamin D should be consumed to reduce the risk of colds? Here are 10 foods that contain the most “sun vitamin” and that everyone needs.

apteka24.ua is the first online pharmacy you can trust.

This editorial was checked for accuracy by the family doctor of the Medical Plaza – Gubarenko Galina Vasilievna .

Sources

International Classification of Diseases / IBC 10

Flu vaccine / NHS

Key Facts About Influenza (Flu) / CDC

Vaccines / WHO

Flu Symptoms & Complications / CDC

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90,000 There will be no additives. Fasting prolongs the life of the mice. What about people?

Everyone already knows that eating too much is harmful.Is there something else unclear?

Overeating is really not worth it, it’s true. When someone, in our understanding, “eats a lot,” he receives more energy than he spends. In this case, excess energy is stored in the form of fat. Obesity, in turn, brings with it a friendly company of concomitant diseases. But now we are not talking about that. Back in 1935, it was discovered that animals that eat less than they expend energy live longer than their counterparts who maintain a balance. Since then, in such a simple way, it has been possible to prolong the life of many animals, from yeast and worms to mice and monkeys.

What about people?

Events of the 20th century provided us with data that no one ordered. World wars became one of such random experiments. The population of some countries did not suffer serious losses during the hostilities, but at the same time experienced a shortage of food. So, during the First World War, due to the cessation of trade with the United States and Britain, the inhabitants of Copenhagen were forced to eat less than usual for two years. After that, the government’s food advisor calculated that the death rate in the capital of the Danish kingdom fell by 34%.During World War II, food was restricted in occupied Norway, and deaths caused by diseases of the circulatory system fell by 30% compared to pre-war times, thanks in large part to the forced diet, according to Norwegian researchers. The third unforeseen experiment took place in Japan. At the end of the twentieth century, the number of centenarians in Okinawa was 4-5 times more than in other civilized countries. The mortality rate of the elderly was lower and the average life expectancy was higher, not only in comparison with other countries, but also in comparison with other Japanese islands.At the same time, it turned out that the typical Okinawan diet (lots of vegetables and fruits, fish, soybeans, rice) contains fewer calories than other regions of Japan, not to mention the United States. In the 1960s, however, American soldiers brought the fast food culture with them; it also penetrated Okinawa. As a result, at the beginning of the 21st century, those born in Okinawa can no longer expect to live longer than others.

How much is too little to eat?

The key is not to confuse calorie restriction with fasting and malnutrition. First, a person should not starve.Scientists talk about reducing the caloric content of the diet by an average of 20-30%. That is, a person in this case consumes 20-30% less energy than he spends. A logical question arises: why then does a person not end at all? Below we will tell you how the body begins to use resources more efficiently when there is a nutritional deficiency. Secondly, it is necessary that the diet includes all the necessary groups of substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.). This is clearly seen in the above examples. Why did scientists start from the story with the inhabitants of Scandinavia during the world wars? Because although they experienced food restrictions, their diet was still complete.They had the opportunity to eat, for example, fresh vegetables and fish. It’s the same story with the Okinawans.

In fact, the planned experiments with humans were also carried out. For example, in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) project, volunteers tried to reduce their calorie intake by 25% for several months, sometimes in combination with exercise.These studies are recent, so mortality data will not appear soon. But already at the end of the first experiments, it became clear that those who ate less had a reduced likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (that is, the concentration of marker substances in the blood decreased) compared to the control group. They also investigated more severe restrictions: in the Minnesota starvation experiment, people consumed 40% less than they needed (on average, they ate 1800 cal / day, and spent 3000 cal / day).In this case, the researchers were just trying to recreate the situation of starvation during the world wars. The results were not particularly encouraging, as you would expect – weakness, swelling, depression, behavioral disturbances. However, after returning to a normal diet, they disappeared. But it is interesting that half of the participants in this experiment, having reached 80 years old, lived on for eight years longer than expected.

How do I know how much energy I am using?

If you are not participating in an appropriate experiment, you will not be able to measure the energy consumption of your lifestyle on your own.In the laboratory, there are several methods, most of which boil down to measuring the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by a person. It is formed as a result of cell respiration, that is, the breakdown of nutrients to produce energy. For example, you can place a subject in a sealed room and watch how the concentration of carbon dioxide changes there. However, in order to simulate daily activities, exercise equipment and treadmills will have to be installed in the room. In order not to build a room, you can use the double labeled water method.It is a water molecule composed of heavy isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. We introduce labeled water into the body, and after a while we measure the amount of isotopes in the blood. Over time, there will be fewer of them. At the same time, we know that hydrogen can leave the body mainly in the composition of water, and oxygen – also in the composition of carbon dioxide. Therefore, we consider how much oxygen the body has lost, and subtract the amount of lost hydrogen. We get the amount of carbon dioxide that the body exhaled, and we already recalculate it by the amount of energy expended.

But what if you don’t have an airtight room or labeled water? You can try measuring how much you eat normally. In experiments with animals, scientists measure consumption ad libitum , that is, to a state of saturation. We are not mice, and we are often forced to eat not by the need for energy, but by many other factors (habits, socialization, depression, etc.). However, you can track how much food you need – in calories, of course, to stop feeling hungry.

Further 20-25% can be subtracted from this value.This will give you the number of calories you need to get daily if you dare to get into the skin of an Okinawan long-liver.

What kind of food should you eat?

The cells of our body can digest everything, but with different efficiency and speed. Let glucose enter the cell. At the first stage (glycolysis), the cell splits it slightly and receives energy immediately. At further stages (breathing), the cell breaks it down to the end and receives much more energy. But for this it is necessary to activate mitochondria (it is in them that this cleavage occurs) and to use oxygen (it is for this process that we need it).Therefore, if a cell has enough glucose, it can not afford to break down all of it to the end, but it can get energy easier and faster. Of course, she will not be able to stop breathing completely, but she can “skew” the ratio of glycolysis / respiration in favor of the former. But if there is little glucose, then you have to use it more efficiently and make breathing more intense. Proteins and fats differ in that one cannot get energy from them quickly, it is imperative to go with them to the end, to the very mitochondria.

Therefore, when we reduce the calorie content of food, the first step is to reduce the amount of carbohydrates.In a radical version, this leads to a ketogenic diet (which we recently wrote about), when there are very few carbohydrates, but a lot of fat. The benefits of this diet are still difficult to assess. It has long been used to treat epilepsy, and it has shown itself to be good in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, it is rather difficult to withstand, and there is no data on life expectancy on it yet. So, the main thing is to reduce the amount of carbohydrates, but also not to allow radical imbalances or their complete disappearance from the diet.

How does life extension work?

This seems to be the most difficult question, to which a definitive answer is still being sought. But in short, calorie restriction puts the cell on alert. This is how it goes. When a cell lacks glucose, it needs to breathe actively. For this, mitochondria use a lot of oxygen. Oxygen, on the other hand, easily forms free radicals – molecules that actively enter into chemical reactions. Free radicals attack all surrounding molecules, and damage begins to accumulate in the cell.This is called oxidative stress. If the stress is severe, too much damage occurs, and the cell may age prematurely or commit suicide. And if it is weak, then the cell mobilizes its resources to cope with it. First, the cell produces antioxidants – substances that neutralize radicals. Secondly, the cell starts autophagy – the process of partial digestion of its own proteins and organelles. This allows you to get rid of the accumulated damage. Thirdly, genes begin to work that stimulate the survival and prolong the life of the cell.If now we imagine that the troubles did not end there and that more severe hunger, cold or damage came, then the cell meets them already ready for battle. Defense mechanisms are already working in it, it tolerates serious stress more easily and, as a result, lives longer. And if this process occurs in every cell, then the effect affects the body as a whole.

Are there any other advantages to eating little?

Of course. Oxidative stress affects more than just the rate of cell aging.For example, it accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, restricting calories can help prevent calorie occurrence. And even healthy people who eat less have improved verbal memory and stem cell division in the brain. In addition, when there is a lack of food, the cells increase their insulin sensitivity. Insulin stimulates the uptake of sugar by cells from the blood, and since there is little sugar, then, on a signal, you need to start grabbing more actively. This lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, in which cells stop responding to insulin and sugar builds up in the blood.Finally, oxidative stress is at the root of inflammation, so calorie restriction dampens the immune response. Some studies have shown that short-term fasting before and after abdominal surgery improves outcome and wound healing. Calorie restriction not only motivates normal cells to survive, but also hits tumor cells. Cancer cells change their metabolism, they switch to the rapid breakdown of glucose. Therefore, when its concentration in the blood falls, the chances of tumor survival also fall.

What if I can’t eat less?

Exercise willpower or wait for more convincing evidence that calorie restriction works. But if it so happens that you cannot eat less for medical reasons, then you can look for a way out. There are several medicinal analogues of fasting, but – be careful! – none of them is yet recommended for use without sufficient indications. In other words, it seems that it will not work out to lose weight and prolong life with pills alone.

Rapamycin has a calorie-like effect. It blocks one of the key proteins that signals the cell that there is enough food. It is used in transplants to avoid organ rejection. But if there is no need to suppress the immune system, it is better not to abuse it. Relatives of rapamycin, temsirolimus and everolimus, are approved in America for the treatment of cancer. Metformin is a drug that helps you lose weight in type 2 diabetes (reduced insulin sensitivity).It may work like a fasting counterpart, but it is still unknown how effective it is in healthy, non-diabetic people. And so far, he has reliably prolonged only mice. The only drug that can be taken without indication is resveratrol. But it is a dietary supplement, and its effectiveness has not yet been confirmed by clinical studies.

What is the bottom line? It seems that eating fewer calories is really beneficial if you do not suffer from serious illnesses. But pills are not enough here, so you have to strain willpower.For detailed instructions, contact your doctor or the Calorie Restriction Society. And you can always sign up as a volunteer for a clinical trial – they will definitely follow you there.

Polina Loseva

The doctor informed about the benefits of short-term fasting for the human body – RBK

Society ,

16 Dec 2019, 08:32
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Short-term fasting has a positive effect on the human body.This was told by the doctor of medical sciences, an expert of the Federal Research Center of Food Systems named after V.I. VM Gorbatova Valery Sergeev, writes RT.

According to Sergeev, during fasting lasting from 12 to 36 hours, foreign elements – old and non-functioning cells – are processed into glucose, which is used for energy production. “The body enters a state of stress and begins to solve the problem of how to survive in new conditions for it,” Sergeyev explained.

According to him, in the absence of food, the body also converts fatty acids into energy.This leads to weight loss and less stress on the heart and musculoskeletal system. Therefore, according to the doctor, short-term fasting restarts the immune system, which begins to better resist viruses and infections.

Sergeev called the 12/12 scheme the most benign hunger strike, when a person eats for the last time at 19:00 and has breakfast 12 hours later – at 7:00 the next day. The 16/8 scheme will help to build muscle mass, when a person eats dinner at 4:00 pm, and then only eats breakfast at 8:00.

However, fasting should be practiced with caution, especially for those who have health problems, Sergeev recalled. During abstinence from food, you should not give up drinking water, the expert said.

90,000 Global hunger has not declined over the past three years, and obesity continues to gain momentum – UN report

An estimated 820 million people in 2018 did not have access to adequate food, up from 811 million the previous year, i.e. hunger has been growing for the third year in a row.This is a sign of huge obstacles,
on the road to achieving the sustainable development goal of ending hunger by 2030, according to the new State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World, released today.

The pace of progress in halving the number of stunted children and in reducing the number of low birthweight babies is too slow, the report also says, pushing back the goal of improving nutrition under SDG 2.

At the same time, overweight and obesity continue to rise in all regions, especially among schoolchildren and adults.

Women are more likely to face food insecurity than men on all continents, with the largest gap in Latin America.

“Our action to combat these alarming trends must be more decisive, not only in terms of scale, but also in terms of intersectoral cooperation,” called for
report by the leaders of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Program (WFP) and the World Organization
health care (WHO).

Hunger is on the rise in many countries that are experiencing a slowdown in economic growth, especially in middle-income countries and in those countries that are heavily dependent on international commodity trade. UN Annual Report
also showed that income inequality is growing in many countries with rising hunger, making it difficult for the poor, vulnerable or marginalized to cope with the economic downturn.

“We must promote pro-poor structural, inclusive change and place communities at the center of attention to reduce economic vulnerability and get on the path to ending hunger, food insecurity and all
forms of malnutrition, ”UN leaders said.

Slow progress in Africa and Asia

The situation is most alarming in Africa, as the region has the highest hunger rate in the world and continues to rise slowly but steadily in almost all subregions. In particular, in East Africa, almost a third of the population (30.8 percent)
malnourished. In addition to climate change and conflict, economic downturns are also fueling an increase in hunger. Since 2011, almost half of the countries in which the rise in hunger was due to recession or stagnation has been in Africa.

The largest number of hungry people (more than 500 million) live in Asia, mainly in the countries of South Asia. Together, Africa and Asia account for the largest proportion of all forms of malnutrition, accounting for more than nine in ten of all delayed children
growth and more than nine out of ten of all wasted children in the world. In South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, one in three children is stunted.

In addition to stunting and wasting problems, Asia and Africa are also home to nearly three quarters of the world’s overweight children, largely due to unhealthy diets.

Beyond Hunger

This year, the report introduced a new indicator to measure food insecurity and monitor progress towards SDG 2: Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity. This indicator is based on data
obtained directly from people who surveyed their access to food in the past 12 months using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES).People with moderate food insecurity
not confident in their ability to provide themselves with food and therefore have to reduce the quality and / or quantity of food that they usually consume.

The report estimates that more than 2 billion people, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, do not have consistent access to adequate and safe, nutritious food. However, irregular access to food is also
a problem for high-income countries, including 8 percent of the population of North America and Europe.

All of this requires a profound transformation of food systems to provide sustainable, micronutrient-rich food for a growing world population.

Key facts and figures

  • The number of hungry people in the world in 2018: 821.6 million people (or one in nine)
    • in Asia: 513.9 million
    • in Africa: 256.1 million
    • in Latin America and the Caribbean: 42.5 million
  • Moderate or severe food insecurity: 2 billion (26.4%)
  • Low birth weight babies: 20.5 million (one in seven)
  • Children under 5 years of age with stunting (short for age): 148.9 million(21.9%)
  • Wasted children under 5 years of age (low weight for height): 49.5 million (7.3%)
  • Overweight children under 5 years of age (high weight for height): 40 million (5.9%)
  • School-aged children and overweight adolescents: 338 million
  • Obese adults: 672 million (13% or one in eight)

Notes to the editor

The heads of the agencies that issued today’s report are José Graziano da Silva, Director-General of FAO; Gilbert F.Ungbo, President of IFAD; Henrietta H. Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF; David Beasley, WFP Executive Director; and Tedros Adhanom
Gebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

This report is part of an effort to monitor progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 2, Zero Hunger, which aims to eradicate hunger, all forms of malnutrition and ensure food security
by 2030.

The 2017 report identifies three factors behind the recent rise in hunger: conflict, climate and economic slowdown.This year’s report focuses on the impact of the economic downturn on food security and nutrition.

Readers should avoid comparing the prevalence of malnutrition across editions of the report, as the entire dataset is reviewed and revised before each publication, including possible reverse revisions. This means that in
The latest report takes into account any new information received since the release of the previous version.

90,000 Global hunger continues to rise, new UN report says

According to new data, the number of hungry people in the world is growing, reaching 821 million in 2017, which means that hunger has affected one in nine people on the planet, according to a report released today The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018.Little progress has also been made in tackling multiple forms of malnutrition, from stunting in children to obesity in adults, threatening the health of hundreds of millions of people.

Hunger has been on the rise for the past three years, returning to levels a decade ago. The slowdown in progress signals the need for urgent action to achieve the Zero Hunger Sustainable Development Goal by 2030.

The situation is getting worse in South America and most parts of Africa, while the downward trend in malnutrition in Asia has slowed significantly.

An annual UN report found that climate variability, affecting rainfall rates and planting seasons, as well as extreme climate events such as droughts and floods, are among the key drivers of increased hunger, as are conflict and economic downturn.

“Alarming signs of growing food insecurity and high levels of malnutrition in various forms are clear warnings that a lot of work remains to be done to ensure that no one is left halfway to the achievement of the Food Security SDGs,” said leaders of FAO, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Program (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in their joint introduction to the report.

“If we are to achieve a world free of hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030, we need to accelerate and intensify action to strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of food systems and human livelihoods in response to climate variability and extreme weather events.” , – said the leaders.

Impact of climate change on hunger

Climate change is already disrupting production of staple crops such as wheat, rice and maize in the tropical and temperate zones, and without increasing resilience to climate change, the situation is expected to worsen as average temperatures rise and extreme weather events increase.

The analysis in the report shows that the prevalence of hunger and the number of hungry tend to be higher in countries that are highly prone to extreme weather events. Malnutrition is higher when exposure to climate extremes is exacerbated by the presence of a large proportion of the population dependent on agricultural systems that are highly sensitive to rainfall and temperature variability.

Temperature anomalies affecting agricultural land continued to be above average during 2011-2016.leading to more frequent periods of extreme heat over the past five years. Seasonal rainfall patterns are also changing, such as late or early rainy seasons and uneven distribution of precipitation throughout the season.

Damage to agricultural production leads to food insecurity, which in turn can lead to higher food prices and loss of income, which greatly reduces people’s access to food.

Slow progress towards the elimination of all forms of malnutrition

The report shows little progress in reducing stunting in children, with nearly 151 million children under five growing too short for their age due to malnutrition in 2017, up from 165 million in 2012.Globally, Africa and Asia accounted for 39 percent and 55 percent of all stunted children, respectively.

The prevalence of child wasting remains extremely high in Asia, where nearly one in ten children under five years of age is low weight for height, compared with one in every 100 children in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The report states that one in three women of reproductive age worldwide suffer from anemia, which has serious consequences for the health and development of both women and their children.No region has shown a decrease in anemia among women of reproductive age, and prevalence in Africa and Asia is almost three times higher than in North America.

The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Africa and Asia is 1.5 times higher than in North America, where only 26 percent of infants under six months of age receive exclusively breast milk.

The Downside of Hunger: Obesity on the Rise

At the same time, the problem of obesity among the adult population is aggravated, with about one in eight people in the world suffering from obesity.The problem is most pressing in North America, but Africa and Asia are also on the upward trend, the report says.

Malnutrition and obesity coexist in many countries, and these phenomena can even occur in the same home. Difficulty accessing nutritious food due to its higher cost, food insecurity stress and physiological adaptation to food shortages help explain why food insecure families may be more prone to obesity.

Call to Action

The report calls for the implementation and expansion of measures to ensure access to nutritious food and disrupt the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Policymakers must pay particular attention to the groups most vulnerable to the harmful effects of poor access to food: infants, children under five, schoolchildren, adolescent girls and women.

At the same time, there is a need to ensure a sustainable transition towards nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems that can provide safe and quality food for all.

The report also calls for greater efforts to build climate resilience through policies that promote climate change adaptation and mitigation and disaster risk reduction.

Key Facts and Figures

  • The number of hungry people in the world in 2017: 821 million or 1 in 9 people on the planet
  • in Asia: 515 million
  • in Africa: 256.5 million
  • in Latin America and the Caribbean: 39 million
  • Children under 5 who are stunted (too short for their age): 150.8 million (22.2%)
  • Wasted children under 5 years of age (too low for their height): 50.5 million (7.5%)
  • Children under 5 who are overweight (too high for their height): 38.3 million (5.6%)
  • Proportion of women of reproductive age with anemia: 32.8%
  • Proportion of infants under 6 months exclusively breastfed: 40.7%
  • Obese adults: 672 million (13% or one in eight)

Notes to Editors

The heads of the agencies issuing today’s report are: José Graziano da Silva, Director-General of FAO; Gilbert F.Hungbo, President of IFAD; Henrietta H. Fore, Executive Director of UNICEF; David Beasley, WFP Executive Director; and Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

This report is part of an effort to monitor progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal 2-Zero Hunger, which aims to end hunger, achieve food security and end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. The report also tracks progress on six of the World Health Organization’s seven global nutrition targets.

Last year’s report noted three factors behind the recent rise in hunger — conflict, climate and economic downturn — and conducted in-depth research into the role of conflict in exacerbating hunger. This year’s report focuses on the role of climate variability and extreme weather events in explaining observed trends in food security. The relationship between climate variability and extreme weather events and climate change is outside the scope of this report.

Treatment under general anesthesia

Patients with signs of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are not accepted for planned treatment under general anesthesia.

In the Kostroma Regional Dental Clinic, dental diseases are treated under general anesthesia.

Treatment under general anesthesia:

– for somatically healthy patients experiencing a strong fear of dental intervention, including dental implantation surgery.

– for patients with organic lesions of the central nervous system and mental illness (mental retardation, Down’s disease, cerebral palsy, autism, etc.)

– for patients with functional and temporary disorders of the nervous system, emotionally excitable patients.

– with intolerance to local anesthetics.

– for acute purulent inflammatory processes.

– with a large number of decayed teeth, requiring multiple visits to the doctor for treatment and removal (treatment under anesthesia allows all the treatment to be carried out in one visit).

– for complex surgical tooth extractions, including wisdom teeth.

– for children, regardless of the presence or absence of concomitant pathology.

– for traumatic surgical interventions in which general anesthesia is necessary for medical reasons

Conducting general anesthesia under the compulsory medical insurance policy.

Conducting general anesthesia free of charge, according to the compulsory medical insurance policy, is carried out in the following cases:

1. To all minors.

2. Disabled people

3. In the absence of contact with the patient (patients of any age with inadequate or not critical behavior, due to various mental illnesses, organic lesions of the central nervous system, people with mental and intellectual disabilities).

4. In adults with intolerance to local anesthetics or lack of effect from their use, making it impossible to treat under local anesthesia.

5. In adults with acute purulent inflammatory processes.

There are a number of conditions in which general anesthesia on an outpatient basis may be contraindicated.

For example:

– chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation, recent myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, decompensated respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma with frequent attacks of suffocation, pulmonary tuberculosis, extreme obesity.

– acute infectious diseases of any etiology, including acute herpetic stomatitis (the interval between the transferred disease and treatment under anesthesia should be at least 2-3 weeks).

In each case, the presence of contraindications for general anesthesia is determined after examination and consultation with an anesthesiologist.

In the Kostroma Regional Dental Clinic, various types of general anesthesia are performed, from light sedation in combination with local anesthesia to intravenous and endotracheal anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation. For young children, inhalation anesthesia (using a mask) can be used, which, in some cases, is preferable for the child, since the introduction of anesthesia is not associated with intravenous injections and trauma to the child’s psyche.

Sedation in combination with local anesthesia can be used for patients with severe fear of dental intervention. With this type of anesthesia, the patient is conscious, but loses the feeling of fear and anxiety, a state of calmness and comfort sets in, periodically during the treatment process, he can plunge into a light sleep. After treatment, the patient can immediately go home on their own. Read more about sedation here.

The choice of anesthesia method is carried out by the anesthesiologist together with the patient, during a preliminary consultation.During the consultation, you will be told in detail about the rules for preparing for anesthesia, the doctor will answer all your questions.

OGBUZ “Kostroma Regional Dental Clinic” has a license to provide anesthetic care and a license to turnover of narcotic and psychotropic substances.

DOCTOR:
Novikov Alexey Evgenievich – anesthesiologist

You can sign up for treatment by calling (4942) 42-76-78, 42-74-69 , by contacting the polyclinic registry or by agreement with the attending dentist.To obtain a consultation with an anesthesiologist-resuscitator, you must agree in advance on the time of your visit by phone: (4942) 32-09-02 or 32-65-83.

At an inconsistent time, the consultation may be refused, due to the busyness of the doctor.

Information for the patient before surgery (treatment) under general anesthesia

It is important to understand that anesthesia is more than just pain relief. The task of the anesthesiologist is to control and manage all vital functions – breathing, blood circulation, metabolism.Therefore, the questions that the anesthesiologist will ask, examining you on the eve of the operation, will affect the most diverse aspects of your condition and life. We kindly ask you to speak frankly with your doctor: any information has only medical significance, and therefore hiding it is meaningless and dangerous for your health.

1. The anesthesiologist must obtain your consent to the type of anesthesia chosen by him and everything connected with it.

2. A prerequisite for general anesthesia (anesthesia) is the presence of the minimum necessary examination of the patient.The scope of the examination is determined by the doctor and depends on the patient’s condition. In practically healthy patients, the volume of examinations is minimal. The list of tests and examinations that can be assigned to you is indicated below.

3. The last meal for adults and children over 14 years old should be at least 8 hours before anesthesia. This rule does not apply to the intake of clean water. The intake of pure water in a small amount (up to 100 ml) is allowed at least 4 hours before anesthesia.The consumption of milk and dairy products, juices, coffee refers to the intake of food and can be carried out at least 8 hours before anesthesia.

On the day of general anesthesia, the use of chewing gum is strictly prohibited, since the secretion of gastric juice significantly increases.

In children under 14 years of age, the intake of any food (including milk, breast milk and dairy products) should be at least 6 hours before anesthesia. Drinking clean water (incl.hours of sweet water) in a small amount should be at least 4 hours before the forthcoming anesthesia.

If the meal was taken outside the established time frame, during anesthesia, the contents of the stomach can enter the respiratory tract and cause one of the most dangerous and often fatal complications. Your health and life depends on strict adherence to the rules of eating before anesthesia.
Too long fasting in children (more than 7-8 hours is also very harmful, especially in young children).For this reason, it is recommended to strictly follow the recommendations. It is necessary to feed the child 6.5 hours before the appointed time of the anesthesia and then strictly refrain from feeding.
Prolonged abstinence from drinking pure water is also undesirable, as it causes dehydration. Therefore, you can drink pure or sweet water in the permitted time interval.

4. In the morning, on the day of the operation, brush your teeth;

5. Smoking on the eve and on the day of general anesthesia is prohibited , this reduces blood oxygen saturation;

6.We ask you not to use cosmetics before the operation, as this creates difficulties in controlling your condition during anesthesia. Be sure to remove polish from one of the fingers of your left hand (this is required for applying the sensor) and lipstick.

7. If you constantly use any medications, it is imperative to discuss this with the anesthesiologist. You may have to temporarily stop taking any medications.

If the doctor has allowed you to stop taking any medication, then it is optimal to take the pills in the morning 6 hours before the anesthesia.

8. Before the operation, it is necessary to take off and leave at home all jewelry and valuables (rings, earrings, etc.). You need to know that after anesthesia, in some people, temporarily inappropriate behavior caused by exposure to drugs is possible. In case of loss of valuable things, the administration of the polyclinic is not responsible.

9. Clothing should be sleeveless so that it does not interfere with the cuff of the pressure monitor and allows easy access to the chest .(T-shirt with straps).

10. If the child will be anesthetized, you can take toys in order to distract his attention during the period of preparation for the anesthesia.

11. Before the operation, it is imperative to remove the removable dentures, if any.

12. If by the appointed date of treatment you have signs of any disease (fever, cough, runny nose, gastrointestinal disorders, etc.), you must contact your doctor and reassign to another date .General anesthesia during the acute phase of the disease and during the next 2-3 weeks after it is contraindicated and associated with a health risk. Please resolve the issue of reassignment in advance, so as not to receive a refusal in treatment on the appointed day.

After general anesthesia:

1. All types of activities that require increased attention and responsibility within 24 hours after the end of general anesthesia are not recommended:

– vehicle management;

– work with potentially dangerous equipment that can harm health;

– we recommend that you refrain from any legally significant actions and making important decisions.

2. Within 24 hours it is strictly forbidden to take alcohol, take sleeping pills and sedatives on your own;

3. You can start drinking no earlier than 1 hour after the end of anesthesia, in a small amount. You should not drink a lot at once, as nausea and rarely vomiting are possible. After 2-4 hours, if there is no nausea, you can eat;

4. You must agree in advance with any of your relatives, friends or relatives that you would be met at a medical facility and escorted home after treatment. It is better to do this by taxi or individual transport, as dizziness and weakness are possible;

5. During the next few hours after general anesthesia, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, rarely nausea and even more rarely vomiting are possible;

6. Within 12 hours after anesthesia, the patient should be under the supervision of relatives or friends, especially children.

7. If, after 3-5 hours, after anesthesia, a deterioration occurs: severe shortness of breath, a persistent feeling of lack of air, impaired consciousness, agitation, unusual drowsiness, cyanosis or sharp pallor of the skin, blood pressure has dropped – it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance doctor or contact the nearest honey.institution.

List of medical examinations that may be ordered by an anesthesiologist prior to general anesthesia.

1) Fluorogram or X-ray of the lungs with a conclusion;

2) Electrocardiogram with a description;

3) Complete blood count;

4) General urine analysis;

5) Biochemical blood test including: total protein, creatinine, urea, glucose, sodium, potassium, total calcium, total bilirubin;

6) Conclusion of the therapist on the state of health.

The scope of the preliminary examination is prescribed by the doctor based on the patient’s condition. If the patient is practically healthy, then in most cases, additional examination is not required, or is required in the very minimum volume.

If there are any diseases that increase the risk of complications of general anesthesia, additional examination methods may be prescribed.

Anesthesia safety and possible complications

At the present stage of medical development, general anesthesia is quite safe.The rumors widespread on the Internet, as well as among ordinary people, that general anesthesia is extremely harmful and “takes” up to 3 years of life are nothing more than inventions of illiterate people. To date, no proven negative effects of general anesthesia on the body have been identified. However, like any medical intervention, it can be accompanied by various complications. It is the complications, and not the anesthesia itself, that can cause harm to health. Complications can arise due to the patient’s individual intolerance to drugs, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient, from the presence of concomitant diseases, including latent or not previously identified.

In a healthy person, the risk of complications is minimal. All the information you are interested in about the safety of general anesthesia can be obtained from an anesthesiologist.

For consultation with an anesthesiologist-resuscitator, you must agree in advance on the time of your visit by phone: (4942) 32-09-02 .

At an unauthorized time, the consultation may be refused, due to the employment of the doctor .

A person with influenza in the house – Children’s City Polyclinic No. 1

Ministry of Health of the Astrakhan Region GBUZ JSC “Center for Medical Prevention”

Instruction for the population

“IN A MAN’S HOUSE”

With the onset of cold weather, the number of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, which occupy the first place in the structure of infectious diseases, sharply increase.The causative agents of influenza are viruses of types (A and B), which are highly aggressive, with an exceptionally high reproduction rate. An important feature of influenza viruses is their ability to mutate. Every year they mutate and new variants of viruses appear.

What to do if you have the flu in your home?

You should stay at home and call a doctor at home immediately. It is the doctor who will diagnose and prescribe the necessary treatment corresponding to the condition of the patient and his age.It is necessary to strictly follow all the recommendations of the attending physician: take medications in a timely manner and observe bed rest during the illness, since the disease increases the load on the cardiovascular, immune and other systems of the body.

Most people who get sick recover within 1–2 weeks, but sometimes the flu can get worse. To prevent the spread of infection, the patient should be isolated from the healthy (it is desirable to allocate a separate room) and separate dishes should be allocated.The room where the patient is located must be regularly ventilated – 3-4 times a day for 20-30 minutes. The fact is that when he talks, coughs, sneezes, a so-called “aerosol cloud” forms in the air – a kind of “infected zone” with a high concentration of pathogenic viruses. Airing reduces the concentration of pathogenic viruses in the air by 80-90%. Household items and floors should be wiped with disinfectants. You can also spray aromatic oils in the room, such as eucalyptus, fir, juniper and others, which disinfect the air well, or use aroma lamps with these oils.

The relative humidity in the room is also of great importance. In the old days, when stoves and fireplaces were heated with wood, the air in the house was filled not only with pleasant warmth, but also with moist steam formed from wood water. Now, in our homes, the relative humidity often drops to the critical level of 30-35% instead of the required 45-60%. Too dry air dries out the delicate and vulnerable mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, which further worsens the patient’s condition.To maintain the necessary air humidity, open containers of water should be placed in different parts of the room, especially near the batteries.

When caring for a patient, it is important to properly organize his nutrition. If the disease is severe, there is usually no appetite. Lack of appetite in this case is a defensive reaction that helps the body fight the infection on its own. Therefore, do not force a sick person, especially a child, to eat. In the first two days it is better to starve, but you need to drink a lot – 2-2.5 liters of warm boiled water per day (cold liquid retains mucus).Water helps to cleanse the body of viruses and toxins, neutralizes the acidic environment in the stomach and accelerates recovery.

To get out of fasting, you can drink juice, eat an apple or other light foods. However, complete refusal of food is contraindicated in patients with low blood pressure, low blood sugar, insufficient blood circulation in the brain, suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia, severely weakened and elderly.

With a relatively mild course of the disease, low temperature, nutrition does not need special correction.The main thing is to avoid heavy, especially fatty foods, as well as spicy, salty and pickled foods. You should also not give the patient a lot of milk, because it activates the secretion of mucus and thereby increases the congestion of the airways. All dishes are best served in liquid or semi-liquid form, not very cold and not very hot. Boil vegetables and fruits until soft and wipe, cook lean meat and fish in the form of mashed potatoes or soufflés. It is better to eat in small portions, but often – 6-7 times a day. With such a distribution, food is better absorbed, and the patient’s strength will recover faster.

In case of a strong cough, especially in children, it is necessary to exclude foods that contribute to its strengthening: crackers, biscuits, sour and very sweet juices and berries. When nausea appears, the patient should be given slightly salted water to drink in small sips, exclude acidic citrus juices and carbonated drinks.

As the body temperature rises for each degree, the metabolism accelerates, which means that the body’s need for fluid increases. Therefore, the patient needs an abundant drink – alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi with milk), tea with honey, raspberries, fruit and berry juices, compotes, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks, fruit and berry jelly, jelly, just pure warm water.You need to drink a little, but often – every 20-30 minutes.

If the urine has a rich yellow color, it means that the patient does not drink enough. Keeping track of this is especially important for older people, in whom dehydration increases the risk of various complications. However, those with heart and kidney problems should be extremely careful when increasing fluid intake.

Communication with the patient, if possible, should be limited. Be sure to wear a mask when caring for someone with the flu. This should be done by you, since the sick person himself experiences many inconveniences from wearing a mask.But this does not apply to those cases when there are children in the house, since babies cannot walk in a mask for a long time and often take it off. In this case, the sick person must wear a mask on himself. Medical masks are disposable (made of fabric or paper) and gauze (sewn from four layers of gauze). Disposable masks only protect for 2 hours until they are damp from breathing. After that, the mask is already more harm than good, so disposable masks need to be changed every 2 hours. The sewn mask should be washed at home daily, and every 2 hours ironed on both sides with a hot iron.

How to use masks:

  • Wear the mask so that it fits snugly and comfortably on your face, and there are no gaps around it, which can get viruses.
  • If you touch the mask with dirty hands, discard it immediately.
  • Never re-wear a disposable mask. Once you took it off, it can no longer protect you from germs.
  • After removing the mask, immediately wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
  • Dispose of disposable masks in the trash bin and do not touch used masks with your hands.

TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVE!

Ministry of Health of the Astrakhan Region GBUZ JSC “Center for Medical Prevention”

414024, Astrakhan, pl.