What does STD discharge look like in women and men. How can you differentiate between normal and abnormal discharge. What are the symptoms, testing methods, and treatments for common STDs causing unusual discharge.

Understanding Normal Discharge in Women and Men

Discharge is a natural occurrence in both women and men, serving important functions for genital health. However, understanding what constitutes normal discharge is crucial for identifying potential signs of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Normal Vaginal Discharge

Healthy vaginal discharge typically exhibits the following characteristics:

• Color: Clear, off-white, or milky
• Texture: Ranging from thin and sticky to thick and gooey
• Odor: Slightly tangy or sour

The appearance and consistency of vaginal discharge may vary throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle, particularly around ovulation. However, significant changes in odor, color, or texture could indicate a vaginal infection or STD.

Normal Male Discharge

In men, normal discharge is primarily associated with sexual arousal and activity. The two main types of normal male discharge are:

1. Pre-ejaculate (pre-cum): A clear, mucus-like fluid that lubricates the penis and cleanses the urethra
2. Ejaculate: A white, gooey fluid containing sperm and other substances released during orgasm

Any discharge occurring outside of sexual activity may be a cause for concern and warrant further investigation.

Recognizing STD Discharges: Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often goes undetected due to its lack of symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, unusual discharge is a telltale sign.

Chlamydia Discharge in Women

Women with chlamydia may experience:

• Strong-smelling discharge
• Yellow, milky, or white coloration
• Increased volume of discharge

Chlamydia Discharge in Men

In men, chlamydia discharge may appear as:

• Cloudy or watery fluid
• White, yellow, or pus-like in color
• Discharge from the penis or rectum

Are there other symptoms of chlamydia besides discharge? Yes, additional symptoms may include:

• Painful urination
• Bleeding between periods (in women)
• Testicular pain (in men)
• Pain or bleeding around the anus
• Eye discharge or pain
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Lower abdominal pain

Trichomoniasis: Another Common Cause of Abnormal Discharge

Trichomoniasis, often referred to as “trich,” is a widespread sexually transmitted infection affecting millions of people annually. This STD is known for causing unusual discharge in both women and men.

Trichomoniasis Discharge in Women

Women with trichomoniasis may notice:

• Frothy, yellow-green discharge
• Foul-smelling discharge
• Increased volume of discharge

Trichomoniasis Discharge in Men

While less common, men with trichomoniasis may experience:

• Clear or slightly white discharge from the penis
• Burning sensation after urination or ejaculation

Can trichomoniasis be asymptomatic? Indeed, approximately 70% of infected individuals do not develop noticeable symptoms, emphasizing the importance of regular STD testing.

Gonorrhea: The “Silent” STD and Its Discharge Symptoms

Gonorrhea is another common sexually transmitted infection that can cause abnormal discharge. Often called the “silent” STD due to its frequently asymptomatic nature, gonorrhea can still present with discharge-related symptoms in some cases.

Gonorrhea Discharge in Women

Women infected with gonorrhea may experience:

• Increased vaginal discharge
• Yellowish or greenish discharge
• Watery or creamy consistency

Gonorrhea Discharge in Men

Men with gonorrhea might notice:

• White, yellow, or green discharge from the penis
• Increased frequency of discharge

Does gonorrhea always cause discharge? No, many individuals with gonorrhea may not experience any symptoms, including discharge. This underscores the importance of regular STD testing, especially for sexually active individuals.

Bacterial Vaginosis: Not an STD, But Often Confused with One

While not technically an STD, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that can cause discharge similar to some sexually transmitted infections. It’s important to differentiate BV from STDs to ensure proper treatment.

Characteristics of Bacterial Vaginosis Discharge

Women with bacterial vaginosis may notice:

• Thin, grayish-white discharge
• Fishy odor, especially after sexual intercourse
• Increased volume of discharge

Is bacterial vaginosis related to sexual activity? While BV isn’t considered an STD, sexual activity can disrupt the vaginal bacterial balance, potentially leading to BV. However, women who are not sexually active can also develop this condition.

The Importance of STD Testing and Treatment

Recognizing abnormal discharge is crucial, but it’s not always possible to diagnose an STD based on symptoms alone. Many infections can be asymptomatic or have similar presentations.

When to Get Tested

Consider getting tested for STDs if:

• You notice any changes in your discharge
• You experience other symptoms like pain or itching
• You’ve had unprotected sex
• You have a new sexual partner
• You’re sexually active and haven’t been tested recently

Testing Methods

STD testing may involve:

• Urine tests
• Blood tests
• Swab tests of the affected area

How long does it take to get STD test results? The turnaround time can vary depending on the type of test and the facility, but many results are available within a few days to a week.

Treatment Options for STDs Causing Abnormal Discharge

Most STDs that cause unusual discharge are treatable, especially when caught early. Treatment options vary depending on the specific infection.

Antibiotic Treatments

Many bacterial STDs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis, are treated with antibiotics. Common antibiotics used include:

• Azithromycin
• Doxycycline
• Metronidazole
• Ceftriaxone

How long does it take for STD symptoms to clear after treatment? While the infection may clear within days or weeks of starting treatment, it’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider.

Follow-up Care

After treatment, it’s important to:

• Abstain from sexual activity until treatment is complete
• Ensure all sexual partners are tested and treated if necessary
• Return for follow-up testing to confirm the infection has cleared

Prevention Strategies for STDs

While treatment options are available, prevention remains the best approach to maintaining sexual health and avoiding STD-related complications.

Safe Sex Practices

To reduce the risk of contracting or spreading STDs:

• Use condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activity
• Limit your number of sexual partners
• Get tested regularly and encourage your partners to do the same
• Communicate openly with sexual partners about STD status and testing

Vaccination

While not all STDs have vaccines, some preventive options are available:

• HPV vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus infections
• Hepatitis B vaccine

Can vaccines prevent all STDs? No, currently available vaccines only protect against specific infections. Practicing safe sex and regular testing remain crucial for comprehensive STD prevention.

Understanding the characteristics of normal and abnormal discharge is an important aspect of sexual health. While unusual discharge can be a sign of an STD, it’s essential to remember that many infections can be asymptomatic. Regular STD testing, open communication with sexual partners, and practicing safe sex are key components of maintaining sexual health and preventing the spread of infections. If you notice any changes in your discharge or experience other symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What Do STD Discharges Look Like? L Rapid STD Testing

Your discharge is an excellent indicator of your vaginal or penile health. If you notice any changes to your discharge’s normal consistency, smell, color, or overall appearance, this change may indicate an underlying health issue, such as an STD. 

If you’re wondering, “What does STD discharge look like?” read on to learn everything you need to know about vaginal or penile STI discharge.

What Does a Normal Vaginal Discharge Look Like?

Vaginal discharge is the fluid that leaks from the vaginal opening. This fluid helps clean the vagina, fight infections, and prevent diseases. As a result, experiencing a small amount of discharge each day is normal and no cause for concern. 

While every woman’s discharge may look slightly different, healthy vaginal discharge typically has the following characteristics:

• Color: Clear, off-white, or milky.

• Texture: Ranging from thin and sticky to thick and gooey.

• Odor: Tangy or sour.

The color and thickness of vaginal discharge often changes as a woman nears ovulation. 

However, if you notice any significant changes in the odor, color, or texture of your vaginal discharge, you may be experiencing a vaginal infection. 

What Is a Normal Male Discharge?

Male discharge is not as frequent or common as female discharge. In males, penile discharge occurs with sexual arousal and activity and is known as pre-ejaculate or ejaculate. 

Pre-ejaculate, or pre-cum, is a clear fluid resembling mucus that secretes from the tip of the penis before sex. This discharge helps lubricate the penis for sex and clears any lingering acids from urine out of the penis. 

Meanwhile, ejaculate is a white, gooey fluid that exits the penis when a man orgasms. This substance contains sperm and fluid from the Cowper’s glands, along with water, sugar, enzymes, and protein. 

Any discharge that a man experiences outside of pre-ejaculate and ejaculate is abnormal and may indicate an underlying issue. Outside of sexual activity, if you notice a discharge that is foul-smelling, discolored, or oozing, you may be exhibiting symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases. 

STD Discharges in Females and Males

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often goes undetected for long periods. 

Does chlamydia mean your partner cheated? Many people experience no symptoms when they have chlamydia. As a result, you or your partner could have contracted chlamydia before you became exclusive and not noticed any symptoms. 

Chlamydia can affect both men and women. More than 200,000 people across the U.S. experience chlamydia each year. 

What Chlamydia Discharges Look Like in Women

One of the most prevalent symptoms of chlamydia in women is unusual discharge. Women who contract this STI often experience strong-smelling yellow, milky, or white discharge.

What Chlamydia Discharges Look Like in Men

Unusual discharge may also be a symptom of chlamydia in men. Chlamydia may produce discharge from the tip of the penis or the rectum. This STI discharge may look cloudy, watery, white, yellow, or pus-like. 

Sometimes, chlamydia discharge creates a burning or itching sensation near the opening of the penis. If you notice any abnormal discharge or pain around your penis or rectum, an STD test can help you determine the source of this issue. 

Other Chlamydia Symptoms, Testing, and Treatment

Often, chlamydia does not present any symptoms, which makes this STI challenging to detect. However, a few signs that may be present in women include:

• Bleeding between periods.
• Painful urination.

Men may experience symptoms such as:

• Testicular pain.
• Pain or bleeding around the anus.

Additionally, men and women may notice the following symptoms of chlamydia:

• Eye discharge or pain.
• Pain during sex.
• Lower belly pain.

If you suspect that you may have chlamydia, the best course of action is to stop having sex and take an STD test. This test can reveal if your symptoms are from a sexually transmitted infection or another type of infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). 

The most common treatment for chlamydia is a round of antibiotics. If your STD test reveals that you are positive for chlamydia, your doctor may prescribe you azithromycin or doxycycline to kill the bacteria causing this infection. 

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis, also known as “trich,” is a sexually transmitted infection that affects more than 3 million individuals nationwide each year. 

How can you get trichomoniasis? This infection spreads through sexual contact and resolves within days or weeks with the proper treatment. 

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent treatable STD in the U.S. However, only about 30% of people who have trichomoniasis develop any symptoms, making it essential that individuals seek out STD testing regularly with or without symptoms.  

Trichomoniasis and Vaginal Discharges

One of the most common trichomoniasis symptoms in women is a change in vaginal discharge. Women may notice the following discharge changes after contracting trichomoniasis:

• Thin discharge.
• Increased discharge volume.
• White, greenish, or yellowish color.
• Fishy smell.

Trichomoniasis and Penile Discharges

Trichomoniasis can also lead to unusual discharge in men. Men who have contracted this STD may experience white discharge from the penis outside of sexual activity. 

Other Trichomoniasis Symptoms, Testing, and Treatment

Trichomoniasis symptoms can range from mild to severe. A few common symptoms aside from unusual discharge include:

• Itching or burning around the genitals.
• Painful urination.
• Pain during sex.

Contracting this STD can make having sex painful and can put one at a greater risk of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. For example, trichomoniasis may cause symptoms that make it easier to contract HIV. 

Without proper treatment, trichomoniasis can stay in the body for several months or years. Thankfully, however, trichomoniasis is very treatable with antibiotics. Your doctor may prescribe either metronidazole or tinidazole to kill the bacteria causing this infection. 

Individuals who have had trichomoniasis can contract it again. As a result, many people get tested a few months after finishing treatment to ensure that trichomoniasis has not returned. 

Practicing safe sex and undergoing regular STD testing are essential to preventing trichomoniasis and treating it when it does occur. 

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea, also known as “the clap,” is an infection resulting from a sexually transmitted bacterium. This infection can affect both men and women and can spread through oral, vaginal, or anal sex.

Gonorrhea often produces symptoms in the throat, rectum, or urethra. However, many people do not experience any symptoms after contracting gonorrhea. 

Gonorrhea Discharges in Women

Gonorrhea can produce abnormal discharge in women. Women who have contracted gonorrhea may experience:

• Increased discharge volume.
• Yellowish or greenish discharge.
• Watery or creamy discharge.

If you notice any of these symptoms, be sure to undergo an STD test as soon as possible to identify the cause. 

Gonorrhea and Penile Discharges

Men sometimes experience abnormal discharge due to gonorrhea as well. This infection can produce a pus-like penile discharge that looks white, yellow, or green. 

Other Gonorrhea Symptoms, Testing, and Treatment

Gonorrhea can also produce other symptoms in the rectum, eyes, throat, and joints for both men and women. A few common symptoms of gonorrhea include:

• Painful urination.
• Pain or swelling in one testicle.
• Vaginal bleeding.
• Mushroom-like odor from the vagina.
• Abdominal pain.
• Anal itching.
• Eye pain.
• Sore throat or swollen lymph nodes.
• Swollen joints.

Women younger than 25 and men who have sex with men are more likely to contract gonorrhea than other populations. In addition, having sex with more than one partner or contracting other sexually transmitted infections can also increase one’s risk. 

A rapid STD test can help you identify if you have gonorrhea. If you do, a doctor may prescribe an injection of ceftriaxone, along with the oral medication azithromycin, to kill the bacteria and treat your symptoms.

Other Causes of Unusual Vaginal Discharges

Unusual vaginal discharges can occur due to a wide range of causes and are not always a sign of a sexually transmitted infection. A few common conditions that produce abnormal discharge include bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections. 

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when too much bacteria is present in the vagina, offsetting the normal bacterial balance. This condition often occurs in sexually active women, but it is not a sexually transmitted infection. Doctors are still discovering the exact causes of bacterial vaginosis. 

Bacterial vaginosis often produces unusual discharge in women and other symptoms around the genital area. The most common symptoms include:

• Thin white or gray discharge.
• A fish-like odor from the vagina.
• Burning, itching, or pain in the vagina.

A doctor can diagnose bacterial vaginosis by examining a sample of the vaginal fluid. While this condition sometimes goes away on its own, doctors typically prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria. 

Yeast Infections

Yeast infections can also create abnormal vaginal discharge. A vaginal yeast infection occurs when the fungus Candida albicans enters the vagina and disrupts the natural yeast balance within the vaginal cell layers. 

While yeast infections are not sexually transmitted diseases, the risk of developing a yeast infection increases after one’s first sexual activity. In addition, antibiotic use, pregnancy, and an impaired immune system can also cause the overgrowth of yeast that leads to a yeast infection. 

Vaginal yeast infections produce the following symptoms:

• Watery discharge.
• White, thick discharge resembling cottage cheese.
• Vaginal pain.
• Itching and swelling of the vulva.
• Vaginal rash.

To diagnose a yeast infection, your doctor may perform a pelvic exam and test a sample of your vaginal fluid. They may then prescribe an antifungal medication or oral medication, depending on the severity of your symptoms.  

Other Conditions That Cause Abnormal Discharges in Men

Men may experience abnormal discharge due to conditions other than STIs. The most common alternative causes of abnormal discharge in men are urethritis, balanitis, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). 

Urethritis

Urethritis occurs when the urethra becomes inflamed. This condition results from bacteria entering the urethra or urinary tract.

Both men and women can develop urethritis, though it is more common in women. Men who develop urethritis often experience symptoms such as:

• Urethral discharge.
• Blood in the urine or semen.
• Itching or burning while urinating.
• Itching or burning near the tip of the penis.

A physician can diagnose urethritis by examining the genitals, taking a urine sample, or swabbing the urethra. About 20% of urethritis cases result from the same bacterium that causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. As a result, doctors may test for STDs while diagnosing urethritis. 

Urethritis is treatable through a variety of oral antibiotics. Most treatments kill the bacteria within seven days. 

Unfortunately, urethritis can spread to the kidneys, blood, or bladder and create more severe infections if left untreated. As a result, if you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, be sure to make an appointment with a physician right away. 

Balanitis

Balanitis refers to a swelling of the head of the penis that affects approximately one in 20 men. This condition often occurs due to bacteria, injury to the penis, or irritation to the tip of the penis. Men who are uncircumcised experience balanitis more often than those who are circumcised. 

Balanitis typically produces mild symptoms, including:

• Penile discharge.
• Pain or itching in the genital area.
• Tightened foreskin.
• Swelling of the penis tip.
• Painful urination.

To treat balanitis, physicians often prescribe a topical medication, such as medicated anti-itch cream. Over-the-counter antifungal creams may also be effective in treating this condition. 

UTIs

Another common cause of abnormal discharge in men is a UTI. A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urethra and begin to multiply within the bladder. This infection primarily produces symptoms in the urethra, but some men also experience unusual discharge with UTIs. UTIs occur more commonly for women.

What to Do if You Have Abnormal Discharges

If you are experiencing abnormal discharge, determining the cause of the discharge will help you identify the proper treatment. We recommend starting with STD testing and then getting tested for other bacterial infections if your results are inconclusive. 

Same-day STD tests can give you fast, reliable answers about any STDs you have contracted, allowing you to begin treatment quickly. At Rapid STD Testing, we offer fast testing at screening centers throughout the U.S., enabling you to get tested today and receive your results in one to three business days. 

If you test positive for an STD, one of our doctors will call you to discuss your treatment options. We will then send any prescriptions to your preferred pharmacy and ensure that you have all the resources you need moving forward. 

If all your STD tests come back negative, we recommend scheduling an appointment with a physician to receive further testing. You may have a yeast infection or UTI that does not show up on our tests. 

Ways to Protect Yourself and Your Partner From STDs

Undergoing regular STD testing is an essential step in practicing safe sex and identifying any STDs as they occur. Whether you experience symptoms or not, you should complete an STD test:

• Every time you switch partners.
• Before having sex with a new partner.
• If you have been forced to have sexual intercourse.
• At least once per year, as long as you are sexually active.

Some STDs take several months to appear in lab results after sex with a positive partner. As a result, even if your last test came back negative, an STD may show up on a future test. 

When it comes to safe sex, many people wonder, “Can lambskin condoms protect against STDs?” Unfortunately, the pores in the lambskin membrane do not prevent bacteria from passing from partner to partner. 

While lambskin condoms do prevent pregnancy, they do not prevent STDs. Instead, we recommend using polyurethane, polyisoprene, or female condoms that do stop the spread of STDs. 

Conclusion: Get Answers Today

Now that you’re armed with knowledge, you can stop googling “What does STD discharge look like?” Instead, you can get peace of mind by taking action today.

If you are experiencing abnormal discharge, a rapid STD test can help you determine if an STD is the cause. Visit one of our Rapid STD Testing centers today to complete a full-panel STD test and get the fast and reliable answers you need.

Vaginal Discharge | STD Symptoms in Women

On This Page: Normal Discharge | Causes | Discharge Types | Diagnosis | Treatment | Prevention

What Is Vaginal Discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a mix of vaginal and cervical mucus and secretions. The flow of this fluid out of the vagina is a normal way for your self-cleaning vagina to keep itself healthy and moist. It’s common for color, texture, and amount of discharge to change during the course of your menstrual cycle and during arousal. However, certain changes can indicate an infection.

All people with vaginas have some discharge, which they may see on toilet paper or on their underwear. Discharge expels dead cells and bacteria, which helps prevent infection along with the vagina’s naturally acidic pH.¹

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Normal Discharge

Your discharge changes with hormone levels and the production of cervical fluid. Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear, white, or off-white (even slightly yellowish when dried).

Color, thickness, consistency, and amount vary during the stages of your menstrual cycle. At the beginning of your cycle, it’s usually dry and sticky. Then, during the mid-to-late follicular phase, it becomes creamy and white. Just before and around ovulation, the volume is the highest, and the fluid is stretchy, wet, and clear (like egg-whites). While ovulating, it may be noticeably thick and heavy. Then, discharge decreases until the end of the cycle.²

Your discharge may have no smell, or it may have an odor that is mild but not unpleasant. This smell may mix with urine or period blood. Knowing your usual smell will help you identify changes.

Your vagina also produces clear, stretchy, and slippery discharge when you are aroused, which lubricates the vagina during sex.

What Causes Abnormal Vaginal Discharge?

Abnormal discharge happens when the balance of the vagina’s ecosystem is off, causing changes in color, consistency, amount, or odor.

Conditions that can cause abnormal vaginal discharge include infections like:

• STDs
• Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
• Yeast infections

Other factors that can cause imbalances and lead to abnormal discharge include:³

• Douching
• Antibiotics
• Steroids
• Birth control
• Diabetes
• Menopause
• Pregnancy

What Does the Color of My Vaginal Discharge Mean?

Wondering if your discharge is abnormal? Look for changes in:

• Consistency: thinner, thicker, or more textured (sometimes similar to cottage cheese)
• Color: yellow, gray, green, or brown discharge
• Amount: Unexpected or exceptional volume
• Odor: Fishy, metallic, foul, or different from usual

The type and traits of the vaginal discharge you have can help indicate what’s going on.

Clear Discharge

Most vaginal discharge is clear and whitish. Around ovulation, it can be stretchy like egg whites.

You may be more likely to experience clear, stretchy discharge before you ovulate, when you’re turned on, or when you’re pregnant.

White Discharge

Different shades of white vaginal discharge may be normal, especially around ovulation. If there are no other symptoms like itching, burning, or smell, your vagina may be just fine.

Clumpy and White Discharge

If your discharge has the texture of cottage cheese and your vagina is itchy, irritated, or burning, it may be a yeast infection. Yeast is a fungus that is naturally present in the vagina but can overgrow and disrupt the balance.⁴

Yellow-green Discharge

If the discharge is only slightly yellow and there are no other symptoms, there may be no infection.

However, darker shades of yellow or a frothy, yellow-green color may indicate you have a sexually transmitted disease like gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis. ⁵ You may also experience itching, pain during urination, and an unpleasant odor. If you think you may have an STD, get tested to check your status so you can get the right treatment.

Red Discharge

Red discharge most commonly happens because of bleeding during your period. Most periods happen every 21-35 days and last 3-5 days. If you are experiencing bleeding between periods, it may indicate a serious underlying issue such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or injury, so you should talk to your doctor.⁶

Pink Discharge

Pink discharge can be light or deeper in color. Usually, it contains a bit of blood.

Pink discharge can occur during spotting before your period. It can also be an early sign of pregnancy due to implantation bleeding (when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall).⁷ Also, tears and irritation during sex can sometimes cause discharge to be pink.

Grey Discharge

Grey vaginal discharge is not healthy and can be caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is caused when there is an imbalance between the good and bad bacteria in your vagina.

Most people with BV do not experience symptoms. When signs do occur, they include thin, grey discharge with a fishy smell, painful urination, and itching in and around the vagina.⁸

Brown Discharge

Brown discharge likely contains old, oxidized blood that has taken longer than usual to exit the uterus.  It can occur right after your period or be caused by irregular periods. Brown discharge can also be a symptom of pregnancy or perimenopause (the transition before menopause when periods stop).

More serious possible causes include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a foreign object that has been left in the vagina, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and in rare cases cervical cancer. If brown discharge persists or is accompanied by pain and itching, talk to your healthcare provider.⁹

Should You Be Concerned?

Vaginal discharge is natural. However, while some changes are normal, changes in the amount, color, consistency, or smell can indicate an infection or another issue. Every vagina is different, so pay attention to your vaginal discharge. This helps you recognize what is normal for you.

There are many reasons for abnormal discharge, including (but not limited to) the ones mentioned.¹⁰In addition, symptoms of a certain infection can vary between different people. For example, many people who have an STD don’t notice any changes or symptoms. Getting tested is the best way to know for sure what the problem is.

Diagnosis

Abnormal discharge can be diagnosed via various methods. To get to the root of the problem, a doctor may ask you several questions about your symptoms, menstrual cycle, and sexual activity, including:

• When did your symptoms begin?
• What are the color, smell, and consistency of your discharge?
• Do you have other symptoms like itching, pain, or burning?
• Do you have multiple sex partners?
• Do you douche?

They may also order some tests. They may perform a pelvic exam, take a sample of the discharge, or collect cells from your cervix for a Pap test. Alternatively, certain STD tests like our chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis can be performed via a urine sample, so you don’t need to be undressed in front of your physician.

If you believe your abnormal discharge is a sign of a sexually transmitted disease, getting tested helps you know your health and get treatment. Through STDcheck, you can skip the hassle of a doctor’s appointment by ordering STD tests online and visiting a lab near you for a quick sample collection.

Treatment Options for Vaginal Discharge

Treatment depends on what’s causing your abnormal discharge. With any treatment, you should take the full prescribed course, even if symptoms go away. If you are prescribed any creams, you should ask your prescribing physician if it can weaken latex condoms or protective barriers for safe sex.

Yeast Infection Treatments

Yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter medication. There are different types, including creams, ointments, and suppositories (medication you can insert into the vagina). A doctor may also prescribe an oral antifungal pill.

Unfortunately, about 5% of women get four or more yeast infections per year (recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, or RVVC). If you experience recurrent infections, you should talk to your doctor to help prescribe an ongoing, effective treatment.¹¹

Bacterial Vaginosis Treatments

Bacterial vaginosis can be treated with prescription antibiotics. This can include an oral pill or a topical gel or cream. Recurrent BV is common, so you should talk to your doctor if symptoms happen again because retreatment may be necessary.¹²

STD Treatments

Most STDs are easily treatable. For example, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis are curable through prescription antibiotics. If you test positive, our doctors are here to help with consultation and prescription. To avoid further spread of the infection and serious health complications, you and your partner(s) should get tested and treated before you have sex again.

Prevention

Here are some tips to prevent vaginal infections and irritation, which can cause abnormal discharge:

• Practice good hygiene with regular showers and mild soap
• Avoid scented products, douching, and bubble baths, which can cause irritation
• Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing
• After going to the bathroom, wipe from front to back to avoid bacteria entering the vagina
• Always use condoms during sex to prevent STDs

Resources

1. “Keeping Your Vagina Clean and Healthy.” National Health Services. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/keeping-your-vagina-clean-and-healthy/
2. “Cervical Mucus and Your Fertility.” American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/cervical-mucus/
3. “Vaginal Discharge.” Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/vaginal-discharge-a-to-z
4. “Vaginal Candidiasis.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html
5. “Implantation Bleeding.” American Pregnancy Association. https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/what-is-implantation-bleeding/
6. Trichomoniasis. Office on Women’s Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/trichomoniasis
7. “Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding.” Michigan Medicine. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/abvbd
8. “Bacterial Vaginosis – CDC Fact Sheet.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/stdfact-bacterial-vaginosis.htm
9. “What Brown Discharge Means When You’re Not Pregnant.” What to Expect. https://www.whattoexpect.com/getting-pregnant/brown-discharge-instead-period/
10. “Diseases Characterized by Vaginal Discharge.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/vaginal-discharge.htm
11. “Vaginal Yeast Infections.” Office on Women’s Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections

Medically Reviewed by

Kaci Durbin, MD, MBA, FACOG

on
June 26, 2023

Written by

Taysha

on January 20, 2020

Curdled discharge in women: causes, treatment, preparations

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Diseases of the intimate area

Vaginal discharge is the most common gynecological complaint with which millions of women around the world seek medical attention ¹ .

The author of the article

Molchanov Oleg Leonidovich

Gynecologist, reproductive specialist, doctor of medical sciences.

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Types of discharge in women

Vaginal discharge in women is a normal, physiological phenomenon. However, sometimes they indicate various diseases and pathological conditions of the pelvic organs. It is important for women to know what is the norm in this case, and what is a pathology in order to consult a doctor in time in case of symptoms of the disease ^1.2 .

Normal vaginal discharge has the following features

• Clear or translucent with a whitish (sometimes yellowish) tint
• Small
• Odorless or slightly acidic odor
• Not accompanied by itching, pain or other discomfort

The nature of discharge in women may vary depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, which is associated with fluctuations in the levels of sex hormones in the blood. As a rule, in the middle of the cycle, the discharge becomes transparent, mucous in nature, becomes “viscous” and more abundant. In the second half of the cycle, vaginal discharge becomes thicker, creamy, and their number decreases.

Changes in the hormonal background during pregnancy, breastfeeding or the use of hormonal drugs also affect the nature of vaginal discharge ^1.3 .

Pathological discharge, which may indicate the presence of a disease of the genital organs

• Have a color different from normal vaginal discharge (more saturated, yellow, gray or even green).
• Become more abundant.
• Acquire an unpleasant odour.
• May be accompanied by itching, soreness in the vagina, pain during intercourse or urination.
• Sometimes have bloody patches that do not coincide with the days of menstrual bleeding (for example, after intercourse).

Causes of white curdled discharge in women

Curdled vaginal discharge is an abnormal discharge. According to statistics, up to 2/3 of women of reproductive age face them ⁴ .

Curdled discharge can be a sign of various vaginal diseases. However, the most common cause of cheesy discharge is vulvovaginal candidiasis or, as it is often called, “thrush”.

Thrush is a common cause of white cheesy discharge

What is thrush

Vaginal candidiasis, or “thrush”, is a common infectious disease of the vulva and vaginal mucosa. Its causative agent is various fungi of the genus Candida, which are normally present in the vagina in small amounts ^4.5 . The most common species is Candida albicans. In more rare cases, other fungi of the same genus, which are classified as Candida non-albicans.

Causes of thrush

A feature of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida is their ability under certain conditions (unfavorable for humans: illness, decreased immunity, antibiotics, etc.) to actively multiply, which leads to the development of vaginal candidiasis, or “thrush”. Fungi of the genus Candida penetrate the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genital organs, causing the development of inflammation and swelling in the intimate area.

Symptoms of thrush

In addition to cheesy vaginal discharge, symptoms of thrush are:

Redness of the skin and mucous membranes in places affected by fungi

Pain during sexual intercourse

Pain during sexual intercourse

Treatment of curdled discharge in women

General characteristics of preparations

The main goal in the treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological secretions is the destruction (elimination) of the pathogen and the reduction of symptoms, such as itching, burning.

Antifungal drugs of various groups are used to treat candidiasis, which causes the appearance of a curdled discharge from the vagina.

In medicine, all antifungal drugs have certain requirements. The drug must be:

• effective against various types of fungi that cause thrush
• have a high security profile

The mechanism of action of all antifungal drugs is associated with the destruction of the cell wall of fungi and, as a result, a violation of their vital activity. Thus, there is a “double effect” on the mushrooms. On the one hand, the drug stops the growth and reproduction of fungi, reducing their number (fungistatic action), and on the other hand, it destroys active cells (fungicidal action) ⁶ .

Types of antifungals

All antifungal agents can be divided into 2 broad categories:

Topical preparations

used on the mucous membrane in the vagina

Systemic preparations

taken orally (through the mouth), have a general effect on the whole body

Antifungals also share for different types depending on the main active ingredient in their composition ^{6. 7} .

Efficacy of sertaconazole for the treatment of cheesy discharge

As a representative of the azole group of drugs, sertaconazole demonstrates a triple action against fungi ¹³ (both fungistatic – inhibits the growth and reproduction of fungi, and fungicidal – destroys active fungi), and also prevents the transition of fungi of the genus Candida from an inert form to a pathogenic one. This is possible due to the special chemical structure of sertaconazole ¹³ .

Antimicrobial effect on fungi with sertaconazole begins within minutes ⁷ . Studies show that already 90% of fungal cells die within one hour when using the recommended dose of sertaconazole ⁸ .

Some studies have shown that the antimicrobial activity of sertaconazole may be higher than, for example, similar drugs based on fluconazole, itraconazole and a number of other azole compounds ⁹ .

The high efficiency of sertaconazole against fungi of the genus Candida may also be due to the fact that other “azoles” appeared earlier, which means that a larger number of representatives of fungi developed an “addiction” to them, which in medicine has a term – resistance (insensitivity) ¹⁰ .

Thus, sertaconazole demonstrates its activity against a wide range of microorganisms: both yeast-like fungi and various types of bacteria, which is especially important in diseases of the vulva and vagina caused by several types of microorganisms at once, as well as if it is necessary to prevent relapses (frequent disease recurrence).

The use of 1 vaginal suppository for the course of treatment of “thrush” is explained by the fact that Zalain ^® has a high lipophilicity (it dissolves well in lipid (fatty) cell structures), which allows it to remain in the vaginal mucosa for a long time (7 days) at a therapeutic concentration.

Why does one Zalain candle last 7 days?

Contents

Types of secretions

Causes

Treatment

Preparations

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Zalain ^® Suppositories for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis causing white cheesy discharge

Sertaconazole preparations are available in various forms: Zalain ^® cream for external use, Zalain ^{® 9 vaginal suppositories0010 .}

1 suppository once (effective for 7 days in the treatment of vulovovaginal candidiasis – thrush)

Local effect of the drug

Absorption of sertaconazole into the bloodstream does not occur beyond the risks

Where to buy Zalain ^® Suppositories for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis causing white cheesy discharge

Instruction

Prevention of fungal infections of the vagina

Prevention of fungal infections of the vagina is important due to the frequent cases of fungal resistance to standard treatment, the formation of chronic forms of thrush with frequent episodes of exacerbations (relapses), as well as the high proportion of women who stop treatment earlier than it is required.

How to prevent candidiasis?

strengthen immunity

avoid synthetic and tight underwear

do not use scented sanitary pads

follow the rules of intimate hygiene

lead a healthy lifestyle

use barrier methods of contraception

Specially developed cosmetic product for intimate hygiene of delicate areas – Zalagel ^® Intim.

Zalagel ^® Intim

Cosmetic product Zalagel ^® Intim has a cleansing, moisturizing and protective action for the intimate area. It contains substances that have antimicrobial properties that prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria. In addition, this remedy has a calming effect on discomfort and irritation.
It is recommended to use Zalagel Intim ^® once a day as a hygiene product or twice a day when there is a feeling of discomfort in the genital area, as well as during menstruation. ¹¹

Delicately cleanses the intimate area

Creates a destructive environment for fungi of the Candida genus

Protects the female genital organs from infections

Tea tree oil in the composition of the product has antibacterial and antiviral effects

Reduces itching and irritation

Where to buy Zalagel ^® Intim

or

Find the nearest pharmacy

Instruction

Answers to frequently asked questions

What other diseases can cause curdled vaginal discharge?

Answer: Sometimes there is a combination of fungal and bacterial infection. Therefore, the amount, color and smell of vaginal discharge can be different. In any case, you need to contact a specialist.

Is the appearance of curdled discharge always a reason to see a doctor? Is self-healing possible?

Answer: , taking into account the possible combinations of various diseases, as well as the development of complications and the chronic course of candidiasis in the absence of treatment, doctors strongly recommend that you contact a specialist at the first symptoms.

Can I continue to be sexually active while treating candidiasis?

Answer: there are forms of antifungal drugs, for the duration of which you should stop having sexual intercourse. However, specific recommendations are given by the attending physician, based on the specific treatment chosen.

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Sources

1. Sim M, Logan S, Goh LH. Vaginal discharge: evaluation and management in primary care. Singapore Med J. 2020;61(6):297-301. doi:10.11622/smedj.2020088
2. Singh K, editor. Integrated Approach to Obstetrics and Gynaecology. New Jersey: World Scientific 2016
3. Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen JS. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organization (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. Int J STD AIDS. 2018 Nov;29(13):1258-1272. doi: 10.1177/0956462418785451. Epub 2018 Jul 27. PMID: 30049258.
4. Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with urogenital candidiasis. / ROAG / Moscow – 2020
5. Böcher S, Helmig RB, Arpi M, Bjerrum L. [Diagnosis of vaginal discharge]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2018 Jan 15;180(3):V03170229. Danish. PMID: 29336298.
6. Khashukoeva A.Z., Safonina M.S., Andreasyan G.O., Myasoutova A.I., Overko A.V. Therapeutic approaches in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Medical advice. 2020;(13):138–146. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-13-138-146.
7. Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Cárdenes DC, Estivill D, Giusiano G. Sertaconazole nitrate shows fungicidal and fungistatic activities against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, causative agents of tinea pedis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2011;55(9):4420-4431
8. Agut J, Palacin C, Salgado J, Casas E, Sacristan A, Ortiz JA. Direct Membrane-Damaging effect of Sertaconazole on Candida albicans as a Mechanism of its Fungicidal Activity. Arzneim-Forsh Drug Res. 1992;42(5):721-724
9. Carrillo-Munoz AJ, Guglietta A, Palacin C, et al. In vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole compared with nine other drugs against 250 clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Chemotherapy. 2004;50(6):308-313
10. Croxtall JD, Plosker GL. Sertaconazole. A Review of Its Use in the Management of Superficial Mycoses in Dermatology and Gynaecology. Drugs.2009;69(3):339-359.
11. According to the official instructions for Zalagel Intim®.
12. Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, Quindós G. Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013 Apr;11(4):347-58. doi: 10.1586/eri.13.17. PMID: 23566144.
13. Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Tur-Tur C, Giusiano G, Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Jauregizar N, Quindós G. Sertaconazole: an antifungal agent for the topical treatment of superficial candidiasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013 Apr;11(4):347-58. doi: 10.1586/eri.13.17. PMID: 23566144.

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norm and pathology in women

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Discharge from the genital tract

Normal discharge from the genital tract

Vaginal discharge in a healthy woman is a natural physiological mechanism by which the genital tract is cleansed, pathogens that have got there are removed; as a result, the risk of infection is reduced.

Normal discharge is usually clear, sometimes slightly cloudy, watery or slimy, and does not have an unpleasant odor. The volume of secretions depends on hormonal activity; it increases during ovulation. In young girls, the discharge is more pronounced than in adulthood.

Pathological discharge from the genital tract

A change in the nature of discharge from the genital tract indicates a disease. Unusual discharge ( leucorrhea ) may be curdled or frothy, white, green or yellow. They may contain impurities of pus or blood. There may be an unpleasant sour smell. Concomitant symptoms are possible – itching, burning, swelling of the labia. An increase in the amount of discharge can also be a sign of a disease.

Beli is a symptom of diseases such as bacterial vaginosis, thrush (candidiasis), trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis). The appearance of leucorrhoea is often associated with the activation of opportunistic pathogens, which occurred, for example, against the background of a decrease in immunity; the cause can also be pathogens that have entered the body sexually.

Pus in the discharge indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. An increase in the amount of discharge may be caused by hormonal disorders or pathological changes in the cervix.

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Discharge from the genital tract: should I see a doctor?

Abnormal discharge from the genital tract (from the vagina) means you need treatment. The body can cope with the problem on its own, but you should not blindly rely on it. Even the disappearance of a symptom that bothers you does not in itself mean recovery – the disease can become chronic. One of the main causes of female infertility is neglected gynecological diseases.

Discharge from the genital tract is not the disease itself, but only a manifestation of the disease. Treatment should begin with a diagnosis, and the doctor makes the diagnosis. Self-medication is not worth it. If you have a disturbing discharge from the genital tract, you should consult a gynecologist.