Stingray sting swelling a week later. Stingray Sting Swelling: Treatment, Recovery & Symptoms After One Week
How does stingray sting swelling progress after a week. What are the long-term symptoms of a stingray injury. When should you seek medical attention for a stingray sting. How long does it take to recover from a stingray attack.
Understanding Stingray Injuries: Causes and Initial Symptoms
Stingrays are marine creatures known for their distinctive flat bodies and long, whip-like tails. While generally docile, they can inflict painful injuries when threatened or accidentally stepped on. Unlike jellyfish, which release venom through tiny stinging cells in their tentacles, stingrays use a different mechanism to defend themselves.
How do stingrays cause injuries? Stingrays possess a hard, barbed tail that is serrated with small venom-containing spines. When the stingray feels threatened, it can swiftly whip its tail upward, driving these barbs into the flesh of the perceived attacker. This action not only causes physical trauma from the penetration of the barb but also introduces venom into the wound.
- Physical trauma from barb penetration
- Venom injection into the wound
- Potential for deep tissue damage
What are the immediate symptoms of a stingray sting? The initial effects of a stingray sting are typically severe and immediate:
- Intense, excruciating pain at the site of injury
- Bleeding from the puncture wound
- Rapid swelling and discoloration (blue or red) around the affected area
- Potential for nausea and vomiting
- In some cases, muscle cramps or weakness
Can a stingray sting be life-threatening? While rare, severe reactions to stingray stings can occur and may include:
- Allergic reactions leading to anaphylaxis
- Elevated heart rate
- Seizures
- In extreme cases, paralysis or even death
Immediate First Aid for Stingray Stings
Proper first aid is crucial when dealing with a stingray injury. The steps taken immediately after the sting can significantly affect the recovery process and help mitigate long-term complications.
Steps for Immediate Stingray Sting Treatment
- Remove yourself from the water to prevent drowning and further injury.
- Carefully remove any visible pieces of the stinger from the wound. Use tweezers if available, but avoid touching the area directly with your hands.
- Rinse the wound with seawater. Avoid using fresh water, as it can trigger the release of more venom.
- Immerse the affected area in hot water (as hot as can be tolerated without scalding) for 30 to 90 minutes. This helps to neutralize the venom and reduce pain.
- Apply pressure to the wound to control bleeding.
- Seek medical attention, especially if the sting is on the abdomen, neck, or face, or if you experience severe symptoms.
Is it necessary to urinate on a stingray sting? This is a common myth, but there’s no scientific evidence to support this practice. Instead, focus on proper wound cleaning and hot water immersion.
Medical Treatment for Stingray Injuries
While many stingray stings can be managed with first aid, medical treatment is often necessary, especially for more severe cases or when complications arise.
When to Seek Emergency Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Signs of a severe allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat)
- Chest pain or difficulty breathing
- Severe bleeding that doesn’t stop with direct pressure
- Signs of infection (increased redness, warmth, swelling, or pus)
- Fever or chills
- Persistent or worsening pain despite first aid measures
Professional Medical Interventions
At the hospital or emergency care facility, treatment may include:
- Thorough cleaning and exploration of the wound
- X-rays to check for retained stinger fragments
- Administration of antibiotics to prevent infection
- Tetanus shot if needed
- Pain management, possibly including local anesthetics or stronger pain medications
- In severe cases, surgery to repair damaged tissues or remove deeply embedded stinger fragments
How long does it typically take for the initial severe pain to subside? With proper treatment, the intense pain from a stingray sting often begins to diminish within a few hours, though it may persist at a lower level for several days.
Stingray Sting Swelling: What to Expect After One Week
As the initial shock and acute symptoms of a stingray sting subside, many individuals wonder about the progression of healing, particularly regarding swelling. After one week, what can you expect in terms of swelling and other lingering symptoms?
Normal Healing Process
In a typical case, here’s what you might observe a week after a stingray sting:
- Reduced pain: The intense pain should have significantly diminished, though some discomfort may persist.
- Decreased swelling: While still present, the swelling should be noticeably less than in the first few days.
- Change in wound appearance: The puncture site may have started to scab over, and surrounding redness should be fading.
- Improved mobility: If the sting affected a limb, you should be regaining more normal movement.
Is it normal for some swelling to persist after a week? Yes, it’s not uncommon for mild to moderate swelling to continue for several weeks after a stingray injury. However, the swelling should be gradually decreasing over time.
Signs of Potential Complications
While some residual swelling is normal, certain symptoms at the one-week mark may indicate complications:
- Increased or spreading redness around the wound
- Warmth or tenderness in the affected area
- Pus or foul-smelling discharge from the wound
- Fever or chills
- Swelling that is worsening rather than improving
- Persistent severe pain
- Numbness or tingling in the affected area
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly, as they may indicate infection or other complications.
Long-Term Recovery and Potential Complications
While most stingray injuries heal without significant long-term effects, understanding the recovery process and potential complications is essential for proper care and peace of mind.
Typical Recovery Timeline
How long does it usually take to fully recover from a stingray sting? The recovery timeline can vary depending on the severity of the injury and individual factors, but generally:
- 1-2 weeks: Most of the pain and swelling should subside.
- 2-4 weeks: The wound should be mostly healed, though some residual effects may persist.
- 1-3 months: Complete healing, including any scarring, typically occurs within this timeframe.
Are there any long-term effects to be aware of? While rare, some individuals may experience:
- Scarring at the site of the sting
- Persistent numbness or altered sensation in the affected area
- Chronic pain syndrome in very rare cases
Potential Complications
What complications can arise from a stingray injury? While most stings heal without issues, potential complications include:
- Infection: Bacteria from the marine environment can lead to wound infections.
- Retained foreign bodies: Fragments of the stinger may remain in the wound, causing ongoing irritation or infection.
- Tissue necrosis: In rare cases, the venom can cause localized tissue death.
- Allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic responses to the venom.
- Tetanus: There’s a risk of tetanus infection, especially if immunization is not up to date.
How can these complications be prevented or managed? Regular wound care, following medical advice, and promptly addressing any concerning symptoms are key to preventing and managing complications.
Managing Stingray Sting Symptoms at Home
After the initial medical treatment, ongoing care at home plays a crucial role in the healing process and management of lingering symptoms.
Pain Management
How can you manage ongoing pain from a stingray sting at home?
- Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
- Applying a cold pack to the affected area can provide relief and help reduce swelling.
- Elevating the injured limb, if applicable, can also help minimize swelling and discomfort.
Wound Care
Proper wound care is essential for preventing infection and promoting healing:
- Keep the wound clean by gently washing it with mild soap and water daily.
- Apply an antibiotic ointment as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Change bandages regularly, ensuring the wound stays clean and dry.
- Monitor the wound for signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or discharge.
Swelling Management
To address persistent swelling:
- Continue to apply cold packs for short periods several times a day.
- Use compression bandages if recommended by your doctor.
- Engage in gentle movement and exercises as advised to promote circulation and reduce swelling.
Is it safe to use heat therapy for lingering pain and swelling? While heat can be soothing, it’s generally best to stick with cold therapy for the first few days to a week. After that, alternating between cold and heat may be beneficial, but consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Prevention and Safety Measures for Future Marine Activities
While stingray encounters can be unpredictable, there are several measures you can take to reduce the risk of injury during marine activities.
Understanding Stingray Behavior and Habitats
Knowledge about stingrays can help you avoid potentially dangerous situations:
- Stingrays often rest partially buried in sand in shallow waters.
- They are most active during warmer months and in tropical or subtropical regions.
- Stingrays typically sting as a defensive reaction when stepped on or disturbed.
Preventive Measures
How can you minimize the risk of stingray encounters?
- Practice the “stingray shuffle”: When walking in shallow water, slide your feet along the bottom instead of taking steps. This alerts stingrays to your presence, allowing them to swim away.
- Wear protective footwear: Thick-soled water shoes can provide some protection against stings.
- Be aware of your surroundings: Look for signs of stingray activity, such as their distinctive diamond-shaped outlines in the sand.
- Avoid areas known for high stingray populations, especially during peak seasons.
- Don’t touch or attempt to handle stingrays, even if they appear docile.
Education and Preparedness
Enhancing your knowledge and preparedness can make a significant difference:
- Learn about local marine life and potential hazards before engaging in water activities.
- Familiarize yourself with basic first aid for marine stings and injuries.
- Consider taking a marine safety course if you frequently engage in ocean activities.
- Always have a first aid kit available when participating in marine activities.
By understanding stingray behavior, implementing preventive measures, and being prepared, you can significantly reduce the risk of injury and enjoy marine environments more safely.
Ongoing Research and Advancements in Stingray Sting Treatment
The field of marine toxicology is continuously evolving, with researchers working to improve our understanding and treatment of stingray injuries.
Current Research Focus
What areas are scientists currently exploring in relation to stingray stings?
- Venom composition analysis to better understand its effects on the human body
- Development of more effective pain management techniques
- Exploration of potential antidotes or venom neutralizers
- Improvement of wound healing processes specific to stingray injuries
- Investigation of long-term effects and potential treatments for chronic symptoms
Emerging Treatments
Are there any promising new treatments on the horizon for stingray stings?
- Advanced topical treatments designed to neutralize venom and reduce inflammation
- Novel pain management techniques that target the specific mechanisms of stingray venom
- Improved wound closure methods to minimize scarring and promote faster healing
- Potential development of preventive measures, such as repellents or protective gear
How might these advancements impact future treatment of stingray injuries? As research progresses, we may see more targeted and effective treatments that could reduce pain, accelerate healing, and minimize long-term complications from stingray stings.
The Role of Citizen Science
Can the general public contribute to stingray sting research?
- Reporting incidents to marine biology research centers or local authorities
- Participating in surveys about stingray encounters and injury experiences
- Contributing to crowd-sourced data collection on stingray populations and behavior
- Supporting conservation efforts to maintain healthy marine ecosystems
By staying informed about current research and potentially contributing to ongoing studies, individuals can play a part in advancing our understanding and treatment of stingray injuries.
Jellyfish and Stingray Stings — Know When to Go to the ER
Most jellyfish stings are harmless and occur by accident when people come in contact with the tentacles. Some varieties of jellyfish are more poisonous than others, such as the box jellyfish from Australia. Most stingray injuries require emergency care. To prevent injury, avoid swimming in areas where there are sightings of jellyfish or stingrays.
Jellyfish tentacles release thousands of very tiny stinging cells (nematocysts) that attach to the surface of the skin releasing venom, whereas, the stingray uses its hard barbed tail that is serrated with small venom-containing spines that penetrate the skin.
The tentacles of a jellyfish release a poison that results in a skin eruption, in the form of a painful red rash that itches. The sting usually causes a sting mark, pain and swelling, which may last several days to several weeks. Both jellyfish and stingray stings also can cause life-threatening shock and allergic reactions.
The sting of a stingray causes a bleeding wound that may become swollen and turn blue or red. It causes excruciating pain and can result in death. Severe symptoms may include nausea, fever, muscle cramps, paralysis, elevated heart rate and seizures.
If stung by a jellyfish or stingray:
- Carefully remove any tentacles or stingers still on the body. Make sure to cover your hand or use a tool — do not directly touch the tentacles or you will be injured.
- Soak jellyfish stings in salt water or vinegar (fresh water will increase pain and may release more of the toxin).
- Soak stingray stings in hot (but not scalding) water until the pain diminishes.
- Wash and bandage.
- For stingray stings, apply pressure to stop the bleeding. If necessary, and you are trained to do so, perform CPR.
- If an allergic or life-threatening reaction is observed, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Marine Stings and Scrapes | Michigan Medicine
Topic Overview
Walking on a beach or swimming in the ocean can be fun and relaxing. But just like any other activities, accidents can happen. This topic will help you determine the next steps to take if you have a jellyfish or Portuguese man-of-war sting, seabather’s eruption, or a coral scrape.
Stings
Jellyfish and Portuguese man-of-wars are members of a large group of venomous marine animals that also includes fire coral and sea anemones. They are present all over the world and cause injury and illness through the release of venom when their tentacles come in contact with skin (stinging). Tentacles are long, slender, flexible growths found on jellyfish, Portuguese man-of-wars, squid, and octopuses. Tentacles are used for grasping, feeling, moving, and killing prey by stinging. While the sting of a jellyfish or Portuguese man-of-war can cause severe illness and extreme pain, documented deaths are rare.
Jellyfish are often present in coastal waters, having been brought ashore by winds or ocean currents. They are most common in warm ocean waters, especially along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Stings result from contact with the tentacles, which trail from the jellyfish’s see-through body. Jellyfish swimming in the water are often hard to see. Beached jellyfish, which may look like the cellophane wrapper from a cigarette pack, can sting if touched.
Jellyfish stings cause immediate, intense pain and burning that can last for several hours. Raised, red welts develop along the site of the sting, which may look like you have been hit with a whip. The welts may last for 1 to 2 weeks, and itchy skin rashes may appear 1 to 4 weeks after the sting. Fortunately, most jellyfish stings are not severe. Extensive stings, allergic reactions, or severe reactions are not common but do occur. To avoid the risk of drowning, swimmers should get out of the water as soon as they realize they have been stung.
The box jellyfish, which is found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, can cause a fatal reaction. It is the only jellyfish for which a specific antidote (antivenom) exists. If you get this antivenom, it may save your life.
Seabather’s eruption is a rash that develops from the stings of jellyfish or sea anemone larvae. The rash can be quite itchy and annoying, but it usually goes away without medical treatment in 10 to 14 days.
Portuguese man-of-wars (hydrozoans) live in warm seas throughout the world but are most common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific and Indian oceans and in the Gulf Stream of the North Atlantic Ocean. They float on the surface of the water with their long, stinging tentacles trailing in the water below. Detached tentacles that wash up on the beach may remain dangerous for months.
Portuguese man-of-war stings produce immediate burning pain and redness where the tentacles touched the skin. The affected area develops a red line with small white lesions. In severe cases, blisters and welts that look like a string of beads may appear. Stings that involve the eye may cause pain, swelling, excessive tears, blurred vision, or increased sensitivity to light. Severe reactions are most likely to occur in children and small adults. Severe toxic reactions to the venom can also occur.
Stingrays are members of the shark family. They have sharp spines in their tails that can cause cuts or puncture wounds. The spines also have venom. Stingrays do not bite but can suck with their mouths and leave a bruise.
Coral scrapes
Coral scrapes and cuts are common injuries that may occur when you walk on a beach or swim, snorkel, or dive in warm water. Coral polyps, the soft living material that covers the surface of coral, can be easily torn away from the rigid and abrasive structure underneath if you touch, bump, or fall on coral. A skin infection may develop when small pieces of coral, other debris, and bacteria get inside the wound. Scrapes and cuts from sharp-edged coral may take weeks or even months to heal.
How to Treat a Stingray Wound
Ahh, the infamous stingray wound. Really the only true solution is hot water, as hot as you can stand. In Seal Beach one summer we treated over 350 stingray wounds, that year the nation reported 1,200 total injuries…I’ve had a little experience with those mean buggers. The sting is a result of a neurotoxin membrane that coats the barb on the stingrays tail. It’s not necessarily the wound that hurts, but more the poison that enters into your blood stream. Basically approach it like this:
1. Always shuffle your feet when walking out to the surf, stingrays are shy and skittish creatures and will generally flutter away at the first sign of danger. The sting is a self-defense mechanism when they get stepped on or threatened. The Stingray Shuffle is your first line of defense.
2. If you do feel something soft and squishy under your foot step off of it as quick as possible. I stepped on a stingray last weekend, but got off it in time that it didn’t get me (thank god because it f**ing hurts!). Step lightly in other words.
RELATED: How to Properly Clean and Dress a Reef Cut
3. In the case that you do get stung, come to the beach as quick as possible, don’t panic because it will only increase your circulation, thus aiding in the movement of the toxin through your body. Also you want to try and limit anything that may bring on symptoms of shock.
4. Go home, or to the nearest lifeguard or fire station to treat it. The wound can vary in pain. I’ve had a woman compare it to child birth and seen full-on tattooed gangbangers cry like little sissies; conversely I’ve seen little girls walk away with relatively little discomfort. Either way it’s not going to be fun. Pretty much the only real thing you can do for the pain is soak the sting in hot water, as hot as you can stand, but don’t go burnin’ yourself. You can also take Advil or something, but no aspirin. Aspirin thins the blood and allows the toxin to travel easier.
RELATED: How to Avoid Getting Attacked by a Shark
5. Soak the foot until it feels significantly better. The pain probably won’t go completely away, but it should feel dramatically better. A little swelling is normal. Be sure to clean the wound as best as possible. If it looks like the stingray barb is still in your foot see a doctor for treatment. Actually, if anything weird at all goes on go see a doctor.
Know before you go
Start your 15-day free trial to Surfline Premium and start scoring better waves today.
Iatrogenic Infection from Traditional Treatment of Stingray Envenomation
Abstract.
A 47-year-old man was stung on the left ankle by a stingray while on vacation on the Island of Bubaque, Guinea-Bissau. The affected limb was initially treated with an attempt to suck out the venom and application of chewed plant root. The following 3 days, local pain gradually diminished, but then high fever erupted together with generalized symptoms and intense pain from the ankle. After initiating antibiotic treatment, the patient was evacuated. Because of sustained symptoms and fever, the wound was surgically debrided, and culture revealed infection with oral flora bacteria. Attempts to suck out venom are not recommended.
INTRODUCTION
Stingrays are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters.1 The fish are equipped with a barbed spine on their tail, and human injury most frequently occurs when a victim steps on it, resulting in the fish impaling its spine into the victim’s foot or ankle. Morbidity is associated with both the direct injury inflicted from the spine and with venom diffusing from secreting cells on the spine.2 Inspired by movies or because of common superstition, stingvictims are sometimes treated on-site with an attempt to suck out the venom. Here, we report a case where such traditional treatment of stingray envenomation caused severe infection by oral flora bacteria.
CASE REPORT
A previously healthy 47-year-old man of Danish nationality was on vacation on the Island of Bubaque in the archipelagos of Bijagós located in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. While walking in shallow waters 2–3 m from the coastline, the victim was stung by a stingray, causing immediate intense pain laterally on the left ankle ().
(A) Photo of a small stingray, Fontitrygon sp. (cf. margaritella or juvenile cf. margarita) found on Bubaque Island, Guinea-Bissau. (B) Demonstration of a stingray spine on the proximal part of the tail. More distally located spines may inflict more severe, lacerating tissue injuries. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
After limping ashore, blood started to leak from the wound site. A local sailor offered his assistance and repeatedly attempted to suck out the venom. The sailor then fetched an unknown plant root which he chewed and applied to the wound with a compression band on top. The following hours the sting-victim kept calm because of slight dizziness, and the local pain gradually diminished. The plant root and the compression band were then removed, and the wound site cleaned. After a few days, the sting-victim went back to the capital Bissau, and pain in the ankle had almost perished ().
(A) Day 3 after the incident; the ankle was swollen and discolored. Tissue surrounding the spine entry portal is commencing to look necrotic. (B) Day 7: The spine entry portal with surrounding necrotic tissue and widespread discoloration. (C) Day 9: The ankle presurgery. (D) Day 10: Surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. (E) Day 10: Postsurgery. (F) Five months after the incident: The wound has healed. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.
On day 4 after the incident, an onset of high fever (39°C) along with shivering and general malaise was observed. The wound site had become swollen and reddish (), and the tissue around the spine entry was necrotic. Antibiotic treatment with tablets of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin was administered with some effect. On day 5, the temperature had returned to normal and symptoms diminished. However, pus was still intermittently flowing from the wound.
Despite continued oral antibiotics, fever (39.8°C) relapsed on day 6 after the incident. The antibiotic regimen was changed to intravenous ceftriaxone and oral ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in Bissau owing to suspicion of a retained spine and to rule out osteomyelitis, but this did not confirm the suspicion. The patient became septic and was evacuated to Denmark, where surgery was performed on the 10th day (). On excision, extensive deep necrosis was found in the wound and pus filled the peroneal tendon sheaths. The tendons were rinsed and surgical debridement of necrotic tissue was performed, but no pieces of retained spine were found by the surgeon. Tissue samples sent for culture revealed a mixed infection with Streptococcus mitis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis—flora usually found in oral cavities.
The following weeks, the wound slowly healed from the bottom with the wound cavity open, using a vacuum sponge, and after 2 weeks of additional intravenous ceftriaxone, the patient was transferred to a regimen of oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for an additional 4 weeks. The wound successfully healed during the next months (), and the victim was able to return to his work as an infectious disease specialist 3 months after the incident. Sequelae after 8 months comprised decreased skin sensitivity on the lateral side of the ankle and a minor ankle inversion defect.
DISCUSSION
Stingrays are often found in warm shallow waters, where they hide burrowed in the sand.3 Although the fish are not aggressive, unfortunate bathers or fishermen may encounter a stingray while walking ashore. There are no accurate records of the number of sting-victims, but 750 to 2,000 injuries are reported each year in the United States alone.4
Impalement of a stingray spine typically causes damage and discomfort in the lower extremity, where more than 90% of injuries happen.5 Depending on the species and maturity of the stingray, the sharp and pointed spine may become up to 37 cm (14.5 inches) long. Because the edges of the spine are retroserrated, fragments of the spine may detach and remain as a foreign body, causing further tissue damage upon withdrawal.2,3 A retained spine often results in prolonged morbidity.6 In extreme cases, a sting to the thoracic region has even caused pneumothorax5 and cardiac damage.7
The spine’s underside has two grooves with venom-producing glands, and the venom is concentrated in a thin layer of skin covering the spine. Secretory cells produce serotonin, phosphodiesterase, 5′-nucleotidase, and other proteins. On impalement, the secreting cells are unroofed and the venom diffuses into the wound causing damaging effects locally through vasoconstriction, leading to ischemia and necrosis.8,9 The most frequent symptoms/signs after an injury are local pain, swelling, erythema, bruising, and inflammation. Generalized symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and signs of cardiac arrhythmias are rare (< 5%).2,10 Our case experienced a light envenomation with only slight dizziness in addition to intense local pain.
Wound-site infection may arise from bacteria introduced by the spine itself or through secondary contamination with sea water. For example, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was found in the wound of a 26-year-old male who had been fishing in South Africa and cleared within 2 weeks after administration of oral trimetoprim and sulfamethoxazole.11 In a case report from Singapore, a 40-year-old man had been stung while swimming in shallow sea water. Culture revealed infection with Shewanella, and intravenous treatment with ceftazidime was started.12
A known complication to wound infection after stingray attacks is necrotizing fasciitis which was diagnosed in the right tibialis anterior muscle 3 days after a 43-year-old man from Florida had been stung. The causative agent, Photobacterium damsela was sensitive to doxycyclin and cephalexin.13 Another case of necrotizing fasciitis in the lower extremity occurred in China, where a fisherman was treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin–clavulanate against Vibrio alginolyticus infection.14 The heterogeneity of the aforementioned bacteria displays bacterial variation in both fish and waters where stingray injuries occur, and freshwater stingrays may introduce yet another range of bacteria.15
Our case had acquired infection with bacteria typically present in the oral flora. This was likely introduced by the sailor’s attempt to orally suck out the venom and/or the application of chewed plant root.
Attempts to suck out venom have been debated not only for stingray injuries16 but also for treatment of snake bites,17 where venom is injected through hollow fangs. In popular media, numerous movies/series have presented dramatic scenes in which an energetic character successfully has been able to suck out venom thereby saving the victim’s life. Perhaps this has added to the widespread misbelief that such treatment has a positive effect.18 While Although there have been no human trials to support attempts to orally suck out venom for any type of sting or bite, even mechanical suction devices applying negative pressure to the wound site have been shown to be ineffective in sucking out venom after snake bites.19 The wound canal after a stingray injury may be larger in diameter compared with that of a snake bite, and the stingray spine is usually much longer compared with snake fangs; thus venom could thus be deposited deeper in the tissue. A wider wound canal could also increase the risk of introducing oral flora bacteria.
Other alternative treatment options to be avoided are cryo- or electrotherapy, which may exacerbate tissue damage, prolonged hot water immersion therapy, and application of various plant roots or leaves.16
In general, there is very little evidence for treatment guidelines after stingray injury, but as the venom is heat labile it is recommended to submerge the affected limb in hot water (up to 45°C) for 30–60 minutes for pain relief.2,4,10,20 Applying infiltrative analgesics such as lidocaine has also been reported to relieve acute pain.21 Experts in the field recommend checking the wound canal for a retained spine and, if present, to surgically remove the spine and debride any necrotic tissue. If the spine is retained in a vital body part, it should be treated as a stab wound.2,4,10 Because the stingray spine is cartilaginous, a retained fragment may not be visible on traditional X-rays or CT scans, and investigation with MRI or ultrasound is advised. Because of the risk of secondary infection, antibiotic prophylaxis with a quinolone for 5–7 days has been suggested.2 Patients not covered by tetanus vaccination should be provided this.15 Postoperative wound care must be carried out daily removing debris and fibrin. In case primary skin closure is not possible, a splint skin graft can be applied.
The human oral microbiome is extensive with hundreds of different bacterial species.22 Wounds exposed to human saliva through bite injuries have resulted in infection with both aerobic (streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, E. corrodens) and anaerobic bacteria (Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Porhyromonas). It is recommended to treat such infections with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin–sulbactam, or ertapenem.23
To our knowledge, this is the first report of an iatrogenic infection followingtraditional treatment of a stingray injury. Attempts to suck out venom are not recommended.
Stingray stings can be painful but are avoidable and treatable
If you’ve had the unfortunate luck of getting stung by a stingray, it’s likely because you surprised it by stepping on it. The good news is that most stingray stings are avoidable and rarely do they inflict fatal blows.
Stingrays are bottom-dwelling sea creatures who easily conceal themselves, mostly by hiding underneath sand. Their bodies are flat and disk-like, and feature a long, whip-like tail that can grow 2.5 times their length. Stingrays are normally gentile, but when attacked the animal retaliates by lashing its tail at the offender, and the sting can be extremely painful.
Stingrays are harmless, unless you accidently step on them. Photo: Shutterstock
How to avoid being stung
The easiest way to deal with stingrays is to just be aware of their location and take precautions to avoid the animals.
To stalk their prey, stingrays often bury themselves in the sand making it hard to see them. Most stingray stings occur when someone accidentally steps on the animal.
Shuffle your feet whenever you’re in shallow water to scare away any stingrays hiding in the area. In lieu of shuffling, you can also toss pebbles into the shallows.
The sting
Unfortunately, even despite your best efforts, you may still encounter a stingray and get stung.
Stingrays sting with the sharp barb found in a their tails that carries a protein-based venom. Venom enters through the wound, causing short-term but usually intense discomfort.
The good news is the pain caused by a sting is most extreme within the first 30 to 90 minutes. If you know the steps to treat it ahead of time, you’ll save yourself (or a friend) undue discomfort.
How to treat a Stingray sting
If you do get stung, your wound needs immediate attention.
If you’ve been stung on your chest or abdomen, seek help immediately. Otherwise, if you can manage, pull the barb (or any spiny feeling fragments) out while you’re still in salt water — it’ll help clean the wound. If it’s bleeding, apply a little pressure on the wound — this will also help aid in flushing the venom out.
Once the wound is free from debris, access how you’re feeling. If you’re exhibiting symptoms like tightness in the chest, swelling anywhere on the face, difficulty breathing, hives on your body and nausea — you’re having an allergic reaction and need immediate attention.
Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters. Photo: Shutterstock.
After you’ve taken a breath and the only reaction you’ve noted is some swelling in and around the wound, then apply pressure above the wound to ease the bleeding, locate a bucket and some of the hottest water you can manage.
A Stingray’s venom is heat labile, meaning hot water not only makes the pain go away but destroys the venom. Lifeguards use 110°F (37°C) water to treat stingray injuries. You might not have a thermometer at the ready so just continually rotate hot water every 10 minutes or so to keep the temperature up. How long to stay soaking will be determined by removing your foot from the water — if it still hurts, put it back in.
If you’re noticing some jelly-like ooze seeping from the wound, this is a good sign. The venom is finding its way out of your foot. After about 90 minutes you should be feeling better. At that point, if you can manage, slather on a topical antibiotic and wrap your foot in clean gauze. It’s a good idea to keep an eye on your foot over the next few hours for any sign of infection (redness, prolonged swelling). If you do notice infection symptoms find a doctor; you likely need an antibiotic.
More from GrindTV
The Comet phone could be the world’s first buoyant smartphone
Summer guide to traveling by gondolas
Five of surfing’s deadliest surf spots
For access to exclusive gear videos, celebrity interviews, and more, subscribe on YouTube!
Symptoms, First Aid, and When to Go to the ER
The sun is out, the weather is warm, and the beaches are calling out to us. And many of us will answer that call.
For most of us, we’ll enjoy our fun in the sun without issues. But it’s always important to be prepared in case the day’s festivities take a turn.
The warm weather brings more than just seasonal allergies and sunburns. Run-ins with jellyfish or stingrays are not only painful but can occasionally result in medical emergencies.
Here are tips on applying stingray and jellyfish sting first aid, and how to know when to go to the emergency room.
The First Signs of a Sting
Around 1,500-2,000 stingray injuries are reported in the United States every year. In most cases, the injury is not life-threatening, but it can be very painful.
The stinger itself is barbed and can cause a lot of soft tissue damage. Common symptoms of stingray venom include swelling, cramps, nausea, skin discoloration, and vomiting.
Jellyfish stings are far more common, no doubt helped by the fact that their populations appear to be increasing in the majority of their habitats.
The first signs of a jellyfish sting are sharp, shooting pain, tingling or numbness around the area of the sting, and the area turning red or purple. More serious stings can also cause nausea, dizziness, and vomiting.
Applying Stingray and Jellyfish First Aid
Applying first aid for stingray sting depends on the area of the wound. If it’s a flesh wound, you should remain in the ocean and attempt to remove the barb if possible. Let the saltwater clean the wound while you apply pressure to slow the bleeding.
While tending the wound, pay attention to how you’re feeling, as it’s possible to have an allergic reaction to the venom. If you notice shortness of breath, excessive sweating, an irregular heartbeat or feelings of faintness, seek medical attention immediately.
If the barb has pierced the throat, neck, abdomen, or chest, or has completely gone through part of the body, do not try to remove it. Instead, seek immediate emergency treatment.
By comparison, jellyfish stings tend to be less severe.
Treating the affected area with saltwater or a hot water rinse can help neutralize the venom and provide relief. Topical pain creams or over-the-counter painkillers can also help reduce the discomfort.
Be on the lookout for symptoms like dizziness or nausea. While most jellyfish stings don’t have long-lasting effects, serious cases can escalate quickly.
If you experience difficulty breathing, chest pains, or loss of feeling in the affected limb, go to the ER right away.
An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure
The best way to deal with stings is to avoid them rather than have to apply ray or jellyfish sting first aid.
Stingrays would rather avoid you than sting you. Most incidents occur when they’re stepped on as they lay on the seafloor. Doing the “stingray shuffle” will give them ample warning to flee.
Most jellyfish stings happen when they wash ashore and are stepped on, so watch your step.
Unfortunately, rays and jellyfish aren’t the only things that come ashore during the summer. Hurricane season will be here before we know it. To ensure you’re ready, check out the Corpus Christi ER guide on preparing early.
Sources:
Mekonnen S. “How to Prevent and Treat Stingray Injuries” National Capital Poison Center, https://www.poison.org/articles/how-to-prevent-and-treat-stingray-injuries-201
Frost E. “What’s Behind That Jellyfish Sting?” Smithsonian Magazine, 30 Aug. 2013, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/whats-behind-that-jellyfish-sting-2844876/
“The Stingray Shuffle,” University of Florida, https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/archive/hot_topics/environment/stingray_shuffle.shtml
Austin Health: Bites & stings
What to do if someone is bitten or stung by a marine creature, snake, spider or insect.
When to call 000
Call 000 and ask for an ambulance if these symptoms occur
- difficult noisy breathing or wheeze
- swelling of the tongue
- tightness in the throat
- difficulty talking or hoarse voice
- persistent dizziness and/or collapse
- an infant may be pale, floppy and not interacting normally
- In some cases, anaphylaxis is rapidly (< 1 hour) preceded by less dangerous allergic symptoms such as: swelling of face, lips or eyes; hives or welts; abdominal pain; vomiting
Ants
If you have had a serious reaction to an ant sting in the past
- Call 000 for an ambulance
- Administer your adrenaline (epinephrine) if you have been instructed to use it in this situation
- Lie down; do not stand or walk about
- Wait for the ambulance
If you haven’t had a serious reaction to an ant sting in the past
- Wash the stung area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack to the area and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- If there is persistent or severe swelling and/or itching, take an antihistamine for 1-3 days
- Antihistamines are available from pharmacies without a prescription. The pharmacist will be able to recommend one suitable for you
- See your doctor if the sting does not clear up in a few days or if it looks infected
Dangerous ants in Victoria
- Jumper or Jack Jumper Ant (Myrmecia pilosula)
- Bull or Bulldog Ant (Myrmecia pyriformis)
- Green-head Ant (Rhytidopenera metallica)
- “Blue Ant” (Diamma bicolor) (this is actually a type of wasp)
Bees
If you have had a serious reaction to a bee sting in the past/you are stung many times
- Remove the sting from the skin AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
- Call 000 for an ambulance
- Administer your adrenaline (epinephrine) if you have been instructed to use it in this situation
- Lie down; do not stand or walk about
- Wait for the ambulance
- If an adult has been stung more than 10 times, or a child more than 5 times, in a single incident, they should be taken to hospital.
If you haven’t had a serious reaction to a bee sting in the past
- Remove the sting from the skin AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
- Wash the stung area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack to the area and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- In most cases this will be the only treatment required, some people may have swelling that persists for a couple of days
- If there is persistent or severe swelling and/or itching, take an antihistamine for 1-3 days. Antihistamines are available from pharmacies without a prescription. The pharmacist will be able to recommend one suitable for you.
- See your doctor if the bite does not clear up in a few days or if it looks infected
Bees in Victoria
- European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) stings are the cause of major problems
- Native Australian Bee stings only occasionally need medical attention.
Avoiding bee stings
- Avoid wearing bright clothes, especially on sunny days when bees are most active
- Don’t wear perfume as it may attract bees
- Remove clover from lawns as it attracts bees.
Blue-ringed octopus
The blue-ringed octopus is found in all Australian coastal waters. Bites from these creatures are usually as a result of handling them; they can inject highly toxic venom when they bite.
Blue-ringed octopus do not exhibit their characteristic blue rings except when they are disturbed.
Effects of the venom
Initially a person may not feel a bite. Then, within a few minutes, the person may feel tingling sensations in the tongue or lips and soon develop difficulty speaking or seeing. They may vomit and collapse within 10 minutes. Paralysis may cause breathing to stop.
First aid
Pressure bandage with immobilisation (PBI) is required to limit the movement of the venom from the area. This is similar to treating a snakebite.
- Apply a compression bandage over the bite, bandaging upwards from the lower portion of the bitten limb (see pressure bandage with immobilisation technique).
- Splint the limb. Keep the victim still. Bring transport to the victim.
- Call 000 for an ambulance.
- If breathing has stopped, begin Expired Air Resuscitation.
Caterpillars
A number of species of caterpillars can cause painful, itchy and inflamed skin reactions when hairs they shed become embedded in the victim’s skin.
Often the hairs are brittle and break away above the skin surface. These hairs can cause eye injury if they get into the eye.
First aid
- Decontamination:
- Remove hairs with tweezers or by applying and removing adhesive tape to the area.
- Seek medical attention immediately if there is stinging in the eye(s).
- Treatment:
- Apply a cold pack to the area and take a simple analgesic if required for relief of burning, pain and itching.
- Antihistamine medication or cortisone cream may be needed for persistent symptoms (ask your pharmacist or doctor).
- Seek medical attention immediately if there are caterpillar hairs in the eye(s).
Fish stings (including stingrays)
There are many fish in Australian waters that have venomous spines. Penetration of the skin by these spines causes a wound that requires medical attention because of the risk of infection and to update tetanus immunisation.
The usual immediate symptom is severe pain. In some cases it can be severe enough to cause shock.
The most dangerous fish in this group is the stonefish, which is not found in Victorian waters.
Examples of stinging fish in Victoria include: catfish, chained scorpionfish, cobblerfish, flathead, the fortescue, the goblinfish, gurnard perch or gurnard scorpionfish, the old wife (zebra fish), rabbit fish, rat fish, the red rock cod and stingrays.
First aid
- The best treatment for the severe pain is heat. The heat breaks down and inactivates the venom. Immerse the affected area in water that is hot enough to be effective but not hot enough to scald. It is best for someone other than the victim to test the water temperature. If no one else is present, the victim should test the temperature with a non-injured limb.
- Keep the affected area immersed in hot water until the pain is relieved or has subsided. The hot water may need to be topped up to maintain the pain relief. If no relief is obtained after 30-90 minutes, seek medical attention for alternative pain relief.
- Do not apply pressure/compression bandaging; this will increase the pain.
- Seek medical assessment immediately for cleaning of the wound, tetanus immunisation, pain relief, if required, and therapy to prevent infection.
Insects
For ant, bee, caterpillar and wasp stings see specific first aid information.
If you have been stung by an insect
- Wash the stung area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack to the area and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- If there is persistent or severe swelling and/or itching, take an antihistamine for 1-3 days. Antihistamines are available from pharmacies without a prescription. The pharmacist will be able to recommend one suitable for you.
- See your doctor if the bite does not clear up in a few days or if it looks infected
Jellyfish
Dangerous jellyfish found in Australian waters include the box jellyfish (chironex fleckeri) and an array of jellyfish thought to cause the Irukandji syndrome, including carukia barnesi. These are not found in Victorian waters.
Jellyfish in Victorian waters rarely cause serious illness but can cause severe pain.
First aid
- Remove adherent tentacles by flooding area with sea water, picking off with gloved fingers or forceps or scraping them off with a firm implement (e.g. a credit card). Do not pick off with bare fingers.
- Apply cold packs and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain. For stings from Physalia species (Bluebottle or Portuguese man-o-war), immersion of the affected area in hot (not scalding) water is recommended. Immerse the affected area or shower in water that is hot enough to be effective, but not hot enough to scald. Do this for approximately 20 minutes. It is best for someone other than the victim to test the water temperature. If no one else is present, the victim should test the temperature with a non-injured limb.
- Antihistamine medication or cortisone cream may be required, ask your pharmacist or doctor.
Seek medical attention if the symptoms are severe.
Leeches
Leeches cause unwarranted fear in many people. When they latch onto skin, their bite is almost painless. They introduce an anticoagulant so that they can feed on the victim’s blood. When the leech becomes grossly swollen it falls off.
The symptoms from leech bite that may warrant medical attention are infected bite site and leech allergy.
First aid
- Remove the leech:
- Application of salt, salt water or vinegar to an actively sucking leech will cause it to fall off. A leech will usually fall off after 20 minutes of attachment without any treatment
- DO NOT pull the leech off as the skin may be torn and ulceration may follow or parts of the jaw may remain and set up infection. Applying heat to the leech (e.g. applying a hot coal or lit cigarette) may result in burns to the patient so is not recommended
- Treatment:
- After the leech has been removed, wash with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain or swelling
- Apply pressure if there is bleeding from the bite
- Seek medical attention if the area becomes infected or if a wound or ulcer develops
Scorpions
The scorpions found in Australia are not considered dangerous, compared with the scorpions from South America. A scorpion sting may be painful and cause some redness and swelling. The main concern from a scorpion sting is the risk of the sting becoming infected.
First aid
- Wash the sting area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack and take a simple analgesic if required for pain and swelling
- Seek medical attention if your tetanus immunisation is not up-to-date, if the area becomes infected or if the stung area has not cleared up within 2-3 days
Snakes
Dangerous snakes found in Victoria
- Tiger snake (the most common cause of snake envenoming in Victoria)
- Common or Eastern brown snake
- Copperhead snake
- Red-bellied black snake
There are other venomous snakes found in other parts of Australia.
All snake bites should be regarded as being dangerous. Identification of a snake is difficult and there are serious consequences of wrongly identifying a snake as non-venomous.
Bites from venomous snakes do not always cause illness; sometimes a snake will not be able to achieve an effective bite and may only scratch the victim.
Preventing snakebite
Most cases of snakebite can be avoided by following these simple rules:
- Leave snakes alone
- Wear adequate clothing and stout shoes (not sandals/thongs) in ‘snake country’
- Never put hands in hollow logs or thick grass without prior inspection
- When stepping over logs, carefully inspect the ground on the other side
- Keep barns and sheds free of mice and rats, as they will attract snakes
- Keep grass well cut
First aid for snakebite
- Stay calm and call for help.
- Note: Do not wash the bite site. Traces of venom that are left on the skin can be tested to identify the snake group, and therefore the type of antivenom that may be indicated.
- Venom is injected deeply so there is no benefit in cutting or sucking the bite. A tourniquet is not an effective way to restrict venom movement.
- The most effective first aid for snakebite is the pressure bandage with immobilisation (PBI) technique. The principle is to minimise the movement of the venom around the body until the victim is in a hospital by applying a firm bandage (or suitable alternative) to the bitten area and limb, and to immobilise the victim. When applied properly, this method can trap the venom in the bitten area for many hours. The victim might not suffer any effects of the venom until the pressure bandage is released, which is done in hospital where antivenom can be administered if required.
After the pressure bandage and splint are in place:
- Bring transport to the victim
- Keep the victim still
- Leave bandages in place until the victim has reached a medical facility.
Spiders
Redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti)
Medical treatment is NOT always required following a bite from a Redback Spider. Many bites will only cause a local reaction including pain, redness, swelling and heat. The treatment for these symptoms is to wash the bite area with soap and water, apply a cold pack and take a simple analgesic such as paracetamol. Application of a pressure bandage will not help; it may make the pain worse.
Medical attention is required for anyone with significant
- Pain not relieved by a cold pack and a simple analgesic such as paracetamol
- Pain spreading from the bite area
- Swollen or painful glands in the affected limb (armpits for bites on the arm or hand, groin for bites on the foot or leg)
- Sweating all over the body, or only in patches
- Shivering
- Tremors
- Stomach upset – nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps
- Increased heart rate
- Headache
- Pins and needles in hands or feet
- Secondary tissue infection
Victorian Funnel-Web spider (hadronyche modesta)
When the term ‘funnel-web spider’ is used, it is generally a reference to the dangerous spider atrax robustus, which is found in and around Sydney.
There are some related spiders in the funnel-web Spider family that are found in other parts of Australia, including Victoria. There are few case reports of people being bitten by the Victorian Funnel-Web spider.
Despite being a relative of the Sydney Funnel-Web spider, the venom from the Victorian Funnel-Web spider is only known to cause general symptoms such as headaches and nausea.
If you suspect that someone has been bitten by a Victorian funnel-web spider:
- Wash the bitten area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- Medical attention is only required if any symptoms such as significant nausea, headache or sweating develop in the next few hours, or if the bite does not clear up or if any signs of infection or tissue damage occur.
Other spiders
For other spider bites, the treatment is aimed at minimising pain and the risk of infection.
- Wash the bitten area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- Medical attention is only required if the bite has not cleared up in 2-3 days or if there are signs of infection or tissue damage
For most spider bites, this is all the treatment that will be required. Some spider bites may result in mild symptoms, including headache and nausea, but usually do not require any specific treatment.
This treatment is appropriate for bites from the white-tailed spider (lampona cylindrata). As for other spiders, medical treatment is only required if the bite has not cleared up in 2-3 days or if there are signs of infection or tissue damage.
White-Tailed spiders are very common and many people are bitten without any serious reaction. There is a common belief that white tail spider bites cause skin ulcers and tissue damage, but there is no good evidence to support this. The bite site may be painful; a red mark with associated itchiness, pain or lump may persist for up to 12 days. An antihistamine may help control any pain, swelling or itch. Antihistamines are available from pharmacies without a prescription. The pharmacist will be able to recommend one suitable for you.
Further reading
- Walker KL, Milledge GA. Spiders commonly found in Melbourne and surrounding regions. Royal Society of Victoria: Melbourne; 1992.
- Jensen R, Nimorakiotakis B, Carroll T, Winkel K. Australian venomous creatures first aid guide. First Ed. Melbourne: CSL Limited; 2007.
- Victorian Spiders: Museum Victoria
- Australian Museum: Spiders
Spider photographs are used with kind permission of Museum Victoria Entomology Department.
Ticks
Ticks attach themselves to humans or any warm-blooded animal in order to feed on the blood of their victim. They do not bite and leave; they remain attached until they are engorged with blood and are many times the size they were when they attached. Ticks will often detach themselves after 4 days.
Ticks can cause a range of illnesses. Some ticks found in the eastern parts of Australia can cause paralysis. All ticks can transmit infectious diseases and can cause infection of the bite site. Some people are allergic to ticks.
Where ticks are found
Ticks live in foliage such as long grass and attach themselves to warm-blooded animals as they brush against the foliage.
How to remove a tick
Effective removal of the whole tick is important. Use an ether-containing aerosol, eg Wart-Off Freeze Spray or Medi Freeze Skin Tag Remover, to freeze and kill the tick. It should be dead about 10 minutes after application of the aerosol. Then just brush away the remnants of the dead tick. If you are unable to remove the tick in this way, see your doctor. A thorough body check is important. Small larval ticks can be killed by applying a permethrin-containing cream, and then brushed off.
Many other tick removal techniques have been advocated over the years, but are no longer recommended. Attempting to remove a tick with forceps or tweezers can sometimes result in the tick’s head or mouthpiece remaining embedded in the host; these can be difficult to remove. The more a tick is handled, the greater the amount of toxin it will release. Holding a flame or hot match to the tick is also no longer recommended because of the risk of burning the host, and an agitated tick will release more toxin into the host.
First aid
After the tick has been killed and removed, wash the area and apply antiseptic and a bandaid or dressing
After removal, most tick bites resolve without problems. Seek medical attention:
- If there is any local rash or swelling
- If the area does not clear up
- If any signs of infection or tissue damage occur
- If you experience any symptoms such as feeling weak, unsteady on your feet, unusually sleepy, double vision, having difficulty breathing or swallowing or if any night sweats or fever develop. You may have an allergic reaction if bitten by a tick in the future. Rarely, people may develop an allergy to red meat products after being sensitised by a tick bite.
Wasps
If you have previously had a serious allergic or anaphylactic reaction to a wasp sting: You should consult your doctor about the need for you to carry adrenaline (epinephrine) for use in the event of a sting.
If you have been stung inside the mouth or throat: Call 000 for an ambulance.
If you have been stung by a wasp and have previously had a serious allergic or anaphylactic reaction to a wasp sting you should follow these steps:
- Call 000 for an ambulance
- Administer your adrenaline (epinephrine) if you have been instructed to use it in this situation
- Lie down; do not stand or walk about
- Wait for the ambulance
- If an adult has been stung more than 10 times or a child more than 5 times in a single incident, they should be taken to hospital.
If you have been stung by a wasp (but less than 10 stings in an adult and less than 5 stings in a child) and have NOT previously had a serious reaction to wasp sting you should follow these steps:
- Wash the stung area with soap and water
- Apply a cold pack to the area and take a simple analgesic if required to relieve pain and swelling
- If it was a European Wasp or if there is persistent or severe swelling and or itching, take an antihistamine for 1-3 days. Antihistamines are available from pharmacies without a prescription. The pharmacist will be able to recommend one suitable for you.
- See your doctor if the bite does not clear up in a few days or if it looks infected.
Wasps in Victoria
- Paper wasps (Polistes humulis, Polistes tasmaniensis)
- Blue ant (Diamma bicolor)
- European wasp (Vespula germanicus) – introduced species and is a significant menace. They can be aggressive if disturbed and cause a significant incidence of serious allergic or anaphylactic reactions.
- English wasp (Vespula vulgaris) – introduced species and is a significant menace. They can be aggressive if disturbed and cause a significant incidence of serious allergic or anaphylactic reactions.
Avoiding wasp stings
- Wasps may be attracted to sweet things like soft drink and hide inside a can of drink. Do not drink soft drink from a can when outdoors – always use a straw.
- Do not disturb a wasp nest, get expert advice for safe removal of a nest.
Pressure Bandage with Immobilisation (PBI) Technique
The PBI technique should be used for Blue-Ringed Octopus bites and snakebites. It should not be used for spider bites, fish or jellyfish stings, or bites/stings from ants, bees, caterpillars, centipedes, scorpions, wasps etc)
Note: Never wash a snake bite. Traces of venom that are left on the skin can be tested to identify the snake group, and therefore the type of antivenom that may be indicated.
Bites to the leg
1. Apply a broad (15 cm) pressure bandage over the bite site as soon as possible (do not take off clothing, as the movement of doing so will promote the movement of venom). Keep the bitten leg still.
Elasticized bandages are ideal, but any flexible material may be used. Clothing, towels etc. may be torn into strips. Panty hose have been successfully used.
2. The bandage should be as tight as you would apply to a sprained ankle.
Note: Bandage upwards from the lower portion of the bitten leg. Even though a little venom is squeezed upwards the bandage will be far more comfortable, and therefore can be left in place for longer if required.
3. Extend the bandage as high as possible up the leg
4. Apply a splint to the leg. Any rigid object may be used as a splint. e.g. spade, piece of wood or tree branch, rolled up newspapers etc.
5. Bind the splint firmly to as much of the leg as possible
Bites on hand or forearm
- Bind to elbow with bandages
- Use splint to elbow
- Use a sling
- Immobilise the patient
Bites to the trunk
If possible apply firm pressure over the bitten area. Do not restrict chest movement.
Bites to the head or neck
No first aid for bitten area.
After the pressure bandage and splint are in place:
- Bring transport to the victim
- Keep the victim still
- Leave bandages in place until the victim has reached a medical facility.
If the bandages and splint have been applied correctly, they will be comfortable and may be left on for several hours. They should not be taken off until the patient has reached medical care.
The doctor will decide when to remove the bandages. If venom has been injected it may have an effect very quickly when the bandages are removed. The doctor should leave them in position until he or she has assembled appropriate antivenom and drugs that may have to be used when the dressings and splint are removed.
(Pressure bandage with immobilisation information reproduced with the kind permission of the Australian Venom Research Unit)
Fenistil Drops
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to dimetindene and other components that make up the drug, angle-closure glaucoma, bronchial asthma, prostatic hyperplasia, children under 1 month of age, pregnancy, I trimester, breastfeeding period.
With care
For chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, epilepsy.In children aged 1 month to 1 year, since sedation can be accompanied by episodes of sleep apnea.
Other medicines and Fenistil Drops
Enhances the effect of anxiolytics, hypnotics and other drugs that depress the function of the central nervous system (opioid analgesics, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, antihistamines, antiemetics, neuroleptics, scopolamine, ethanol). Tricyclic antidepressants and m-anticholinergics (bronchodilators, gastrointestinal antispasmodics, etc.)increase the risk of increased intraocular pressure or urinary retention. It is also necessary to avoid the combined use of antihistamines
and procarbazine.
Interaction of Fenistil drops with alcohol
Fenistil Drops can enhance the effect of alcohol.
Children
Do not give Fenistil Drops to children from 1 month to 1 year old without a doctor’s prescription.
Do not exceed the prescribed dose.
Pregnancy, breastfeeding and reproductive function
The use of Fenistil Drops during pregnancy (II-III trimester) is possible under medical supervision, only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. The use of the drug Fenistil Drops during breastfeeding is contraindicated.
Driving vehicles and mechanisms
The drug Fenistil Drops can impair attention, so it should be taken with caution when driving, working with mechanisms or other types of work where increased attention is required.
If you take Fenistil Drops in an amount exceeding the recommended amount
If you may have taken more Fenistil drops than recommended, you should immediately seek the advice of your doctor or pharmacist.
If you forget to take Fenistil Drops
If you missed an appointment, use the drug as soon as you remember about it, unless there is less than 2 hours left until the next dose.In this case, you should skip the appointment and return to the regular intake of the drug.
Remove swelling from the eyes after an insect bite – Telegraph
Remove swelling from the eyes after an insect biteDownload file – Remove swelling from the eyes after an insect bite
Sometimes such tissue damage is far from harmless injury, which is fraught with allergic reactions and serious damage to the mucous membrane. In anticipation of the appearance of biting insects, the site is under the eyes.With the arrival of warmth, most people try to organize their outdoor recreation. Staying near a body of water in warm summer weather can be far from safe. The reason lies in small, seemingly harmless insects: These insects can bite anywhere, as well as injure the eyes, ears and respiratory tract. The most dangerous is a bite in the eye area. This is due to the fact that the process itself, when a person is bitten, is not sensitive. Often people mistake a bite as a false sensation of a speck in the eye.After a short period of time, the situation changes dramatically: In the case of allergies, complications such as shortness of breath, chest pains and dizziness are possible. If you don’t react to the insect bite, the swelling can last up to several days or even a week. The injured area will itch and itch very much. This is due to the fact that, in addition to pain, such contact is fraught with dangerous diseases: The reason for this is the poison that gets when a midge bites. It contains ingredients that contribute to severe irritation, redness and slow healing.Often the eye, after being bitten, swells so that it is difficult to open it. Therefore, it is important to start acting immediately after contact with an insect. After the first steps have been taken, and the swelling from the midge bite is removed, the affected area should be monitored for several days. During severe itching and the desire to scratch the bitten area, wipe the area with a vinegar solution, disinfect the area with brilliant green. How to remove the swelling from a bite under the eye if a person is allergic to insect poison? In this case, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe antihistamines.Without their use, complications can begin, and the edema will last for a very long time. In addition to traditional medicine, folk medicine can also alleviate the condition and remove the swelling from a bite in the eye. It is important to remember that in case of a bite in the eye, the main role is played by the emergency response when providing first aid. A quick response is the key to successfully treating the consequences of such an injury. The reaction to the bite under the eye of a midge was terrible: I was happy with the result, literally the next day there was a small redness, which disappeared by the evening.The midge bit me under the eye just before graduation. On the advice of my mother, I began to apply cut potatoes. I lay with potatoes for about an hour. By evening, there was no trace of the bite. When a midge bit me under my eye, I, unknowingly, did nothing. The next day, the eye was so swollen that I had to see a doctor. I was credited with Antignus gel. After half a day, the swelling noticeably decreased, on the second day everything was almost gone. Your e-mail will not be published. The first symptoms of an insect bite in the eye: What to do if bitten in the eye? The most dangerous bite is a midge bite What to do if a midge has bitten under the eye? The power of traditional medicine.One eye is suffering from swelling: Add a comment Cancel reply Your e-mail will not be published. I used this cream for three days. Natalia, you have a direct path to a good osteopath. If a swelling appears under the eye, then the site is under the eyes. Sometimes the swelling is due to the shock the day before: How to quickly remove the swelling? Today on the site under the eyes.
A midge bit in the eye: what to do in such a situation and how to remove the swelling?
Tom Taylor clothing catalog official website
How to embroider lace with beads with your own hands
What to do if a midge is bitten in the eye?
A film where a person is running for Senator
Proverbs and sayings about healthy
Lazarevskoye or Adler where it is better to rest
List of sanitary norms and rules
How to deal with swelling after an insect bite
Influence of music on a person presentation
satellite a200 23p characteristics
Where is the link to the exchange in the incentive
The midge bit in the eye: consequences and treatment
Newspaper ru news of the day full text
Fantastic creatures and where they live hdrezka
Pump filter for the pool intex instruction
Bump on neck under the skin on the right, left or behind in adults and children
A lump on the neck on the right under the skin appears with inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes.If the formation hurts, increases in size, it means that the pathological process is progressing in the body. There are other reasons for the appearance of cones – wen, boils, various tumors.
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymph nodes rarely become inflamed if there is no pathology of the hematopoietic system. A disease such as lymphogranulomatosis is accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes. When a tumor process appears – lymphomas , or pathology of internal organs, similar symptoms appear.
In the characteristic of enlarged lymph nodes, it matters:
- what is the shape of the lump on the neck – round or has a roughness and uneven surface;
- whether it is soldered to the surrounding tissue – a favorable symptom if the lump is soft, not soldered and moves freely;
- cone size – small (up to 1 cm) within the normal range means an inflammatory process within the throat, and over 1.5 cm with a growth tendency suggests an oncological process.
Lymph nodes in the neck from the side to the right increase in inflammatory processes of the head and neck organs: diseases of the teeth, tonsils, inflammation of the sinuses, pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngotracheitis.
Localization and causes
Lymph nodes is a barrier organ of the immune system that stops the spread of infection. All organs are permeated with lymphatic vessels. They collect a fluid called lymph. Inflammatory agents enter it, which, in order to get deeper into the body, must pass through a filter – a lymph node.
When a small lump appears under the skin on the neck on the right, left or back, it means that the inflammatory agent has entered the lymph node through the lymphatic vessels, and the immune system is trying to cope with this agent. If the immune system copes with the infection, the disease goes away. If the lymph node gradually enlarges, it means that the immune system is not coping.
We need diagnostics to exclude a tumor process.
Localization | Possible causes |
Submandibular | Diseases of the sinuses, ears, eyes, skin, pharynx |
Chin | Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis |
Jugular | Pharyngitis, rubella |
Rear cervical | Tuberculosis, lymphoma, head and neck malignancies |
Occipital | Local infections, rubella |
Behind-the-ear | Local infections, rubella |
Anterior ear | Local infections |
Right supraclavicular | Damage to the lungs, esophagus |
Left supraclavicular | Lymphoma, malignant lesions of the peritoneal organs |
Lipoma
Lipoma or wen is a benign tumor that forms on the back of the neck under the skin.It is better to remove the lipoma immediately, otherwise the transformation of a benign tumor into a malignant one may occur.
This happens if the lipoma is located on an area of the body where there is constant mechanical stress.
Causes alertness change in appearance and subjective sensations – itching, pain, burning, redness, induration, discoloration, fusion with surrounding tissues.
It is impossible to pierce and squeeze out wen independently. In place of the squeezed out lipoma, new, larger ones will grow.And not one, but several. There is also a danger of introducing an infection inside under the skin, because the wen is not an intracutaneous or cutaneous, but a subcutaneous formation. For any changes in the structure of the lipoma, consult an oncologist.
It is possible to cauterize small superficial wen with iodine, hydrogen peroxide, celandine, but you need to know the technique. Take castor oil, add a little salt and heat it over a fire until it boils. An ear stick is used to burn shallow wen, several millimeters in diameter, until a slight burn is felt.
Atheroma
Atheroma is a tumor of the sebaceous gland, which forms due to its blockage. Atheroma refers to epithelial cysts. A harmless, painless swelling of a rounded shape forms under the top layer of skin on the side or back of the neck. Easily displaces with finger pressure.
The skin at the site of localization of atheroma is not modified, however, with inflammation, a reddish tint is observed. If the tumor rapidly increases in size, suppuration is possible.The secret produced by the walls of the sebaceous gland, affected by atheroma, is thick with an unpleasant odor.
Single and multiple entities are formed. When diagnosing, you first need to exclude other types of tumors – fibromas, lipomas. If atheroma is left untreated, there may be complications. The most dangerous is its suppuration.
With suppuration, atheroma rapidly increases, the skin becomes reddish, hurts, swells.
If the treatment goes wrong, the atheroma can rupture, the purulent process spreads into the deep layers of tissues, the tumor can break out.Atheroma is removed surgically or using a laser along with a capsule to exclude re-infection. The operation takes place under local anesthesia. Immediately after the procedure, the patient is allowed to return home.
Furuncle
Furuncle is a purulent disease of the hair follicle. It occurs where there is a hairline, therefore, such formations often appear on the neck. The cause of the disease is staphylococcus, which lives in abundance on skin surfaces.When damaged, the infection invades the hair follicle and causes inflammation.
Care must be taken when handling boils. It is forbidden to squeeze out the formation, especially in the neck area.
The furunculosis clinic goes through stages:
- At the first stage, the patient feels a burning sensation, a slight tingling sensation in the area where the infection has taken root. Then there is pain, swelling, hyperemia. A general condition suffers – malaise, fever, especially if a boil appears on the neck.
- Second stage – purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. There is a peak of the disease with high fever, throbbing pain. In the area of inflammation, a site of necrosis is visible. There may be a purulent discharge from this area.
- If the boil is opened independently or by surgical manipulation, then a certain amount of pus is released and recovery occurs.
Danger of boils occurs when the disease is located under the skin of the neck or head.Purulent exudate enters the cranial cavity and a purulent complication leads to death.
Treatment of a boil is carried out with ointments: Levomekol , Vishnevsky , Ichthyol . But if conservative treatment does not help, a high temperature rises, there are signs of intoxication, and the boil cannot open itself, then a surgical opening is prescribed.
Cyst of neck
Neck cysts are median and lateral. Lateral are rare, they appear under the skin on the neck on the right and left.Medians are more common. They are located on the neck just above the Adam’s apple.
Cysts of the neck are rudimentary formations. They do not carry any hormonal activity, they have no functional meaning, but they carry problems in themselves, because they can become inflamed, continue to fill and increase in size. If the cyst becomes inflamed, the process is accompanied by redness and pain.
A real purulent process develops with all the ensuing consequences. This is the main reason why neck cysts are safer and better to remove.According to doctors, it is better to remove them in a calm period, when there is no inflammation. There is no substitution therapy, and there are also no consequences after surgery.
i Please rate the article, we tried:
Lump on the neck under the skin, behind, on the left, on the right. Photo, which doctor to contact
The appearance of a lump on the right or left side of the neck under the skin can only be alarming, as it can indicate various disorders in the body.
Causes of subcutaneous lumps on the neck
Before prescribing a treatment for oneself, it is necessary to investigate the problem of the disease in the form of an inflamed formation.
The lymph nodes themselves rarely inflame. Sore throat can be caused by abnormalities in the hematopoietic system or the immunogenesis system. These disorders provoke diseases such as lymphogranulomatosis and lymphadenopathy.
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
In addition, an increase in the number of lymph nodes in the neck can lead to various diseases of the reproductive system, since all the lymph nodes are interconnected.
The appearance of a lipoma
This is primarily a disease associated with the accumulation of sebum. I.e. lipoma is an entity that contains fat inside. The appearance of a lipoma resembles a ‘pimple’, but it is not recommended to push this formation out.
Lipoma illustration
There are two main causes of lipoma: the sebaceous gland becomes dense or clogged. This process is triggered by the following factors: unhealthy diet, ‘confused’ diet, stress, surgery, strains and other unfavorable factors.
Occurrence of boils
Furuncle is an infectious disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
What does an abscess look like
This disease can be caused by other factors:
- stress;
- insufficient nutrition;
- ecology;
- lack of skin hygiene;
- use of drugs that can affect internal metabolism.
The boil is accompanied by painful sensations and has several stages of development: first, a red tumor appears, which gradually matures and turns into a boil.In the future, the pustule will burst; if it does not, it will be surgically opened.
Fibroma formation
Fibroma is a benign skin formation.
Fibroma on the neck
Typical natural color or slightly pink Specialists distinguish several types of fibroids:
- solid – these are dome-shaped formations;
- soft fibroma – looks like a large papilloma and can grow to gigantic sizes, like a chicken egg or a palm tree;
- Dermatofibroma – benign lesions that do not grow to skin cancer.
Injury
Injuries cause ulcers under the skin that can lead to swelling on the right or left neck. Swelling and bruising of the soft tissues may occur. The inflammation can be accompanied by painful sensations.
Cancer
A swelling in the neck can be caused by cancer. This condition can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the cervical region. Metastases are most common there.
Organs of the cervical spine can also be infected with cancer cells (thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, etc.)that provokes the appearance of a characteristic tumor.
Treatment of a lump on the neck depending on the cause
To remove a bump on the right or left neck under the skin, you need to know the root cause of the bump . Depending on the nature of the problem, you should choose the right treatment and consult your doctor about the course of the disease.
Therapy of inflamed lymph nodes
Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes can be carried out both by folk remedies and modern medicine using antibiotics in the form of injections or tablets :
- Ceftriaxone
- Amoxiclav
- Ceftazidime
- Amoxicillin
- Flemoxin
- Amoxicillin.
You can also use ointments such as ‘Vishnevskaya ointment’, ‘Ichthyol ointment’ and others.
Antibiotic cefretiaxone
In case of inflammation of the lymph nodes, therapeutic physical exercises, accompanied by breathing exercises, can be prescribed.
In addition, the following actions are recommended:
- Massage of the lymph nodes. It is performed gently, massaged in the area of the subcutaneous node on the right or left neck.
- Salt water rinses off the throat. You must do this several times a day.
- Consumption of fresh or cooked garlic. Another possibility is a massage with garlic oil: it is very relaxing, eliminates inflammation.
- Application of the apple cider vinegar compressor. Mix equal amounts of raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar and water. Then dampen the cloth in the solution and apply it over the swollen area.
- Apple cider vinegar inside . To do this, mix a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar with the same amount of honey, diluting everything with a glass of water.
How to treat lipoma
If the lipoma is small, unpleasant and unpleasant from a cosmetic point of view, it is not recommended to remove it. Such a lipoma does not require additional treatment.
Laser removal of a tumor on the neck under the right skin
Otherwise, when the lipoma becomes too large to be uncomfortable, it is removed in the following ways:
- Surgical removal – performed in hard-to-reach places when other, more gentle methods cannot be used. The advantage of surgical removal is the ability to analyze the presence / absence of cancer cells.The disadvantage of this method is that it can leave a large and visible scar.
- Laser removal is one of the most gentle methods of removing grease no more than 5 cm in size. Plus this method: quick and effective removal, does not leave scars, minus – the impossibility of histological examination.
- Removing radio waves is also a gentle method. It combines the advantages of laser and surgical techniques: it removes liposuction without complications and allows histology to be performed.
Furunculosis treatment
The antibiotic rifampicin is usually prescribed in combination with other antibiotics such as cephalexin, amoxiclav to treat furunculosis. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the independent choice of antibiotics can have negative consequences for health in general, since these drugs have the following side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, etc.
How to treat fibroma
Several effective treatments for this disease:
Surgical removal of neoplasms
- Laser removal. This method can be used to get rid of soft fibroids.
- Surgical removal. Used to remove hard fibroids and suspected cancerous cells.
Dermatofibers, which are usually not removed due to the impossibility of passing from a benign to a malignant tumor.
Therapy of mechanical trauma
In case of bruising of the soft areas of the neck, leading to a tumor, pain relievers (Diclofenac), in case of severe pain syndrome, as well as medicinal ointments that dissolve inflammation, can be used – 911, Badiaga, etc.
Recommendations for the treatment of cancer
Human cells in cancer require an alkaline environment. Alkaline diet foods: turnips, lemons, green peas, rice, honey, etc. If you collect an alkaline environment in cells that is more than required by the body’s standards, a person may well cope with a tumor.
It is not recommended to eat beef, pork, cheese, cottage cheese, baked goods made from white flour, sugar and alcohol.
American medical experts have proven that the correct alkaline diet is 50% successful.
What not to do if a lump forms on the neck
If a lump is found on both sides of the neck, it is strictly forbidden to push out the inflammation, try to open it yourself. It is also not recommended to heat or freeze the clod, as this can worsen its condition.
Subcutaneous lump on the neck: which doctor to contact
The lump on the neck just under the skin is not yet legally binding. If inflammation is found, you should consult with one of the following specialists: Surgeon, traumatologist, dermatologist, oncologist.It is necessary to contact the last specialist to avoid malignant preparation.
You can seek help from a local physician who can provide an initial diagnosis, recommend treatment, or advise which doctor you should go to.
If there is a swelling in your neck, do not panic and treat yourself. It is necessary to undergo an examination and competent treatment by a specialist.
Helpful informational videos for a lump on the right neck under the skin
- The author of this video will tell you what to do if there is a lump under the skin on the right side of your neck:
- How to remove a bump on the arm under the skin, treatment:
- How to get rid of a tumor under the skin (lipomas) – Expert advice:
Lump-shaped lump on the neck: why does it appear, how to get rid of it, and is it dangerous?
A swelling in the neck that does not cause pain or discomfort can go unnoticed for a long time.But if it is found, you should not postpone the visit to the doctor.
Of course, a bullet under the skin on the neck may not always indicate a health hazard. Sometimes these new formations do not pose a threat, but they still have to get rid of. How? Let’s talk about this further.
How to understand that you need a doctor’s help?
If there is a lump on the neck, what does it mean? First of all, it is necessary to carefully but thoroughly investigate the problem area.
It is necessary to study the density of the neoplasm, determine its approximate size and understand whether it causes pain or not.Then you can watch the seal for several days.
It is quite possible that it will gradually dissolve on its own.
But if the balls on the neck become larger under the skin, are painful, or in parallel with their appearance other unpleasant symptoms occur, this deviation cannot be ignored. Situations in which the help of specialists is required will be considered:
- increase in body temperature,
- redness at the filling,
- general malaise,
- dizziness,
- severe headache,
- nausea,
- neck pain,
- vomiting,
- rapid deterioration in general health,
- cognitive impairment.
In such cases, react immediately.
But even if the seal in the neck area under the hair is not very unpleasant, it is better to consult a doctor. The specialist conducts a thorough examination, palpation and anamnesis and, based on the data obtained, can make a preliminary diagnosis and direct the patient to further diagnostic actions.
Which doctor see if I have a tumor on my neck? First of all, you can visit your local therapist, paramedic or family doctor.After the initial examination, the doctor can refer the patient to a highly specialized specialist – a surgeon or oncologist.
The patient may also require further consultation with an allergist, infectious disease specialist, ear, nose and throat specialist or dentist. The doctor will be able to find out the causes of the formation of globular skin formations and prescribe adequate treatment based on the diagnosis.
Why do bumps appear on the neck?
Throat sealing can occur for completely different reasons.However, below is a brief overview of the most common factors that can cause such a neoplasm.
Lymphadenitis or lymphadenopathy
A lump on the neck on the left under the skin is quite often a symptom of other diseases that occur in the body. The expansion of the lymph nodes, accompanied by inflammatory processes in their tissues, is called lymphadenitis. Another name is lymphadenopathy, but there is some difference between these terms.
A lump on the neck under the skin may reappear as a result of inflammation of the lymph node:
- frequent and severe allergic reactions,
- infectious diseases,
- otolaryngological diseases,
- dental diseases (especially caries).
Important! A blow to the neck from an adult or child caused by enlarged lymph nodes is not a disease in itself. This is only a symptom, the causes of which must be determined by the attending physician.
Lipoma
Lipo, or, as it is called, a lump on the neck under the skin, fat is a benign, round neoplasm that can be of different sizes and can be present one or more times. This sealant is formed from the fat cells of the subcutaneous space, so it feels quite soft.
If the seal on the neck is really a lipoma, then there is no danger to human health. But it can be both annoying and aesthetically unpleasant.In addition, fats can increase over time, so it is recommended to get rid of them.
Cystic neoplasm
The sphere around the neck is a cyst, a rounded neoplasm and a cavity filled with pathological contents. The exudate may consist of lymph, pus, subcutaneous fat particles, dust and sweat (if the cutaneous ducts of the sebaceous glands are blocked).
This neoplasm is not meant to be a joke, because cysts can sometimes become cancerous despite their inherently benign nature.I mean, be born in a cancerous tumor.
Important! If there is a ball under the skin on the right or left side of the neck and there is a suspicion that it is in fact a cyst, it should never be squeezed out! It is extremely dangerous due to infection with the subsequent formation of an abscess. In addition, compression of cysts can lead to a rapid progression of the pathological process.
Goiter
A blow to the neck under the skin on the right, left, or on both sides may indicate the development of a nodular goiter.This is a disorder of the thyroid gland accompanied by a thickening that tends to enlarge. As it grows, it becomes palpable and can cause symptoms such as stiffness, voice cramps, unacceptable sore throat, perches, complaints in the larynx, etc.
Goiter is a thyroid hormone-dependent tumor with a benign character. But without treatment, such a lump on the neck can lead to extremely dangerous complications.
Thyroid cancer
A very dangerous cause of the formation of subcutaneous lumps on the neck is cancer – a cancerous tumor of the spine, papillaries, thyroid carcinoma, etc.Such pathologies pose a threat not only to health, but also to the patient’s life, since they tend to rapid progress and metastasis.
How do we know if a tumor on the neck is really malignant? It can be suspected based on 3 criteria:
- The tumor is hard and very dense,
- the tumor causes pain,
- blows do not go away for a long time.
These symptoms require immediate response and treatment.Otherwise, the consequences can be life-threatening.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
In some patients, a cone in a lymph node around the neck is a symptom of lymphogranulomatosis. It is a cancer that affects the human lymphatic system. It is no less dangerous than thyroid cancer, although it takes much longer and sometimes completely asymptomatic.
Folliculitis
An inflammation of a hair follicle followed by a swelling in the back of the neck is called folliculitis.This is a very unpleasant and painful phenomenon, which is often a concomitant symptom of certain pathologies: diabetes mellitus, primary immunodeficiency, etc.
Furunculosis
A boil is a purulent lump on the skin that looks like a lump on the back or front of the neck. These seals are single and multiple, with different sizes and depths. However, they can lead to purulent tissue melting, so they need to be treated.
Features of the treatment of cervical tubercles
A lump on the back right neck or on another part of the skin in this area can only be treated if the exact cause of its occurrence is established.Otherwise, therapy will either fail or worsen the situation.
So if a small ball around the neck under the skin was the result of inflammation of the lymph nodes, then the treatment is not needed for him, but for the disease that caused it – angina pectoris, flu, bronchitis, acute chronic tonsillitis, stomatitis, caries, pharyngitis and so on. For this, various drugs are used, ranging from antiseptics to antiviral and expectorant drugs.
If even in this case the swelling of the lymph node does not diminish, it is recommended to treat the skin in the hilly area with tetracycline or erythromycin ointments.Systemic or injectable antibiotics are used less frequently.
The seal on the right neck, which does not hurt, but prevents, if it is a sign of fat or cyst, is surgically treated. The same method of treatment is used for furunculosis.
First, a lump is opened with a scalpel, and then its contents are removed. If the filling is not too large, the doctor can clean it by piercing it.
But it is important to understand one thing: you can not take action only in relation to cysts, boils or fats.
In addition, such a seal on the back of the head of an adult or child must not be pressed, or infection may occur.
Sometimes abscesses can be treated without surgery, with ointment. However, they should not be heated, as heat can accelerate the purulent melting of tissues. And since abscesses are one of the most common reasons why the ball appears under the skin on the back of the head in children, it is better to refuse self-medication.
Goiter is treated with hormonal preparations. If the nodules are large, surgical procedures may be ordered.
If an adult has a tumor on the neck due to an oncological process, then conservative treatment (radiation or chemotherapy) takes quite a long time.
An operation is performed if necessary.
But if the lumps on the neck are malignant, it is possible that after a while the cancer may resume and the neoplasm will reappear.
Download …
A lump on the neck: is it dangerous or not? | Health Blog
A lump on the neck can occur for a variety of reasons, from a cold or boil to malignant tumors.Don’t panic when you find a seal – you first need to understand the nature of the seal.
What could it be?
Cervical lumps often cause health concerns – large arteries, spinal cord and brain are located too close to each other. But they are not always dangerous – malignant diseases are rare. Although in any case it is worthwhile to calm down and consult a doctor.
relatively safe seals:
- Lipoma (fatty) – Accumulation of fat in unusual places.Such a tumor is absolutely safe, but it can be removed for cosmetic purposes.
- Boils – purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. It appears with weakened immunity, frequent diseases, vitamin deficiency and infections with diabetes mellitus. The boil develops very quickly and causes severe pain. If the swelling is severe, you should visit a hospital. Fibroma
- Fibroma is a benign tumor that occurs in areas of injury or scratches where infection has occurred.It is almost never born malignant, completely painless and safe.
- Enlarged lymph nodes – a constant companion of infectious diseases. Lymphadenitis goes away on its own over time. But if it hurts when you press on the knot and feel thick eggs in its place, if you have a fever, see your doctor.
Urgent specialist intervention requires this kind of neoplasm:
- Atheroma is a blockage of the sebaceous glands, usually near the hair follicle.It accumulates fat cells and epithelium and may start to rot. Outwardly, atheroi can be mistaken for a lipoma, but it is painful and of a different color. Atheroma usually occurs in people with seborrhea, hyperhidrosis, or acne.
- The cervical cyst is a hollow shape filled with fluid. This is dangerous, because a purulent process and a malignant tumor can quickly develop.
- Neurogenic tumors – develop at the ends of the nerve trunks. Usually they are safe, but there are also malignant diseases, the treatment of which includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
- Lymphogranulomatosis – malignant enlargement of the lymph nodes. May go unnoticed for a long time due to good general health.
- Hemodectomy is the growth of vascular and nerve cells. It is very difficult to remove, often during surgery, the arteries must be completely cut.
- Oncology of adjacent organs – can affect the thyroid gland, pharynx, larynx, trachea. Their disease most often causes metastases in the neck.They are difficult to detect in the early stages, as the tumor is painless and does not cause discomfort. The correct diagnosis can only be made by a specialist.
Location is
A blow to the neck can occur anywhere: from the side, behind, under the hair, near the spine. However, some types of neck bumps can be easily identified by their exact position.
If you find a seal on the right or left side of the neck, it is very likely that
- Lipoma,
- Furuncle,
- Lymphadenitis.
If there is a tumor in the neck, especially near the spine, it is worth suspecting a nerve tumor or even a malignant tumor. And atheroma is usually located on the back of the hair. But it can be anywhere on the neck as long as there are detached hairs.
What will help in the diagnosis?
Since malignant tumors do not cause discomfort in the early stages, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor at the first symptoms.
First of all, it is desirable to have an MRI of the neck (soft tissue).They will help determine the size of the formation and its relationship with the adjacent tissues and blood vessels. It will be easier for the specialist to make the correct diagnosis.
The choice of a specialist depends on what the filling is. If the lymph nodes are enlarged, you can contact a therapist who will determine the cause of the disease and prescribe treatment. The dermatologist helps with skin conditions and advises on cosmetic procedures if you want to remove the safe explanation.
Some diseases, such as throat cysts, develop near the source of infection: they can cause tooth decay, tonsillitis, angina pectoris.In these cases, you need to see a dentist and a specialist in ears, nose and throat. An endocrinologist can help in cases of thyroid disease. If cancer is suspected, the oncologist is referred to the oncologist.
And you can go to the surgeon if we are talking about neoplasia, which must be removed, and not treated with drugs.
All doctors in the practice will first perform a visual examination. All previous photographs and studies are useful for a qualitative formulation of the diagnosis.
However, you may be referred for additional examinations, including a second MRI scan. Ultrasound, X-ray, magnetic resonance and computed tomography are most commonly used in teaching.
In addition, a biopsy (taking a tissue sample for analysis) and subsequent histological examination can be ordered.
How to treat a lump on the neck?
Almost all lesions can be surgically removed.But sometimes this is not necessary. For example, boils can be treated with disinfectants and antimicrobial agents.
Ask your doctor about your sealant. If there is any doubt about its safety, treatment should be started immediately. The main problem is that benign growths can become cancerous. This means that they should not be taken lightly.
Can problems be avoided?
Unfortunately, not always.The tendency to lipomas and fibromal diseases is inherited, cysts and cheimodectomas also do not depend on health and lifestyle. But you can fight other types of tumors.
- Living a healthy life, giving up bad habits: this reduces the risk of cancer many times over.
- Treat skin diseases in a timely manner, pay attention to injuries.
- Do not delay a visit to the doctor if a sealant is found – you can avoid serious complications.
In addition, it is advisable to engage in at least light physical activity and monitor your general health. If you find a bump on the back of your head, don’t worry. Visit a specialist, have an MRI scan of the soft areas of the neck and strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations.
Lump on the neck under the skin on the right, left or back in adults and children
Causes of the appearance of a ball under the skin of the neck
Inflammation of the lymph node
If the seal is located at the site of the lymph node, it may be lymphadenitis.An inflammatory process develops in the lymphatic system. The lymph nodes are the first to be affected and try to fight the disease. The increase in the ball can be due to:
- common allergy;
- infection;
- caries;
- throat disease.
Immunity is especially weakened in conditions of unstable psycho-emotional background and prolonged depression. Such a state should Sometimes pressure on the inflamed lymph node causes pain.The seal is stationary during the ignition process.
The ball under the skin with lymphadenitis is clearly visible and palpable. This is usually caused by a cold, flu, or angina. In such cases, we can talk about lymphadenitis.
It is important to know that pathology often causes complications, so it is better to prevent them and consult a doctor. Lymphadenitis is not dangerous. Recurring illness can be avoided by following all medical guidelines.
Therapy depends on the cause of the swollen lymph nodes.
The lymph node returns to its normal size after freeing from infection and treatment for respiratory ailments. Education disappears.
Subcutaneous wen
Lipo or subcutaneous fat can appear anywhere in the neck. Often the ball is located in the neck. Lipoma is a benign formation. Its structure is subcutaneous adipose tissue. Fats can be small and not a cause for concern.It poses no danger to human health.
Lipo feels elastic and soft enough. Sometimes small lipomas dissolve spontaneously without removal.
Lipoma removed by surgeon. Fertilization is either excised or the doctor punches and squeezes out the fat. If necessary, a medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs is prescribed.
This is due to glandular contamination. The cyst is often placed laterally and may disappear without surgery.Only a doctor can determine the type of neoplasm after a detailed diagnosis.
Nice to feel when you palpate a cyst. It develops slowly. In case of severe inflammation, the cyst is removed by injection. The large seal can be quickly removed.
We recommend
Skin spots are scaly but not itchy – causes;
Tumor
A ball often indicates a lesion of the thyroid gland. With cancer, the patient experiences unpleasant burning sensations and pain in the problem area.A malignant tumor can develop due to diseases of the thyroid gland and a number of organs. Typical oncological diseases:
- Difficulty breathing;
- Difficulty swallowing;
- sore throat;
- problems with the larynx.
These are the same symptoms that can occur with cancer or thyroid disease. Cancer cells may have their origin in the lymph nodes.
Malignancy can be recognized by the following features:
- is very hard and resembles a stone;
- does not disappear for a long time;
- the tumor is painful.
Folliculitis
The inflammatory process in hair folliculitis is called folliculitis in medicine. If the hair follicles become clogged, small, globular pieces may form on the neck.
The cause of the pathology under the skin is obesity, weak immunity, diabetes mellitus. Prescribed treatment includes antibiotics. Anti-inflammatory drugs are also used.
Furuncle
The cone is often a common ulcer that occurs in case of infection, hypothermia, or decreased immunity.The appearance of a ball of pus is caused by pathogenic bacteria. At the beginning of development, boils are small, but over time they begin to grow and mature. A week after the disease, the purulent core becomes visible in the sealant.
According to doctors, the boil must of course be removed:
- Opens and cleans.
- The wound is regularly treated with anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent recurrence.
The addition of a secondary infection can cause various complications.The inflammation can shift towards the brain, which is especially dangerous for humans.
Localization and types
A cone on the neck can be of this kind:
- benign and malignant;
- are formed in the singular or plural;
- painless and painless;
- are mobile and immobile under the skin;
- more recent or known for a long time.
Subcutaneous cone position:
- at the back;
- from the side (right and left).
Expansions in the cervical vertebrae can be caused by excessive physical exertion.
Lump under the skin on the back of the neck
Malignant tumor, lymphogranulomatosis, is a serious cause of neck sealing. This is a very dangerous condition in which painful sensations do not arise, the formation feels dense and seems large. Concomitant symptoms of lymphogranulomatosis in humans:
- general malaise and weakness;
- increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees;
- severe itching.
The hump on the back of the head is formed for other, more harmless reasons.
- Lipo (bold). It looks like an enlarged lymph node. When you feel it, the seal on the neck moves under the skin without pain.
- Atheroma (cyst). Expands to enormous proportions, requiring surgical removal.
- Pustular ulcer. The lump is small, it hurts and itches when you feel it.
- Myositis of the cervical muscles (thickening of the tissues). This is mainly observed in the female half of the population involved in weightlifting.The lump feels tight and painful. The woman has a fever, chronic and rapid fatigability.
A lump on the side of the neck can be caused by trauma, lymphadenitis, or cancer.
Side seal
If an unevenness forms on the side of the neck, you should not immediately panic. First you need to find out the cause of its occurrence, and then decide what to do next. The reason for the thickening can be caused by the peculiarities of the case or changes in it.For example: Neck injury;
- ;
- lymphadenitis;
- development of ulcers;
- allergy to insect bites;
- development of a benign tumor;
- development of a malignant ulcer.
Right side
A lump on the neck on both sides can indicate a decrease in immunity, injuries, poor skin hygiene.
A lump on the right cervix indicates impaired lymphatic function.Boils (pustules) form mainly on the right side. This anomaly is accompanied by fever and general malaise. Causes of purulent foci on the skin:
- decreased immunity;
- poor skin hygiene;
- skin lesions leading to boils
Lipo can also cause subcutaneous cone. This benign mass is usually harmless to humans, but if it grows in size, it should be removed immediately. Removal at an early stage of growth is necessary in order to avoid scarring in the visible area.
Left side
The cones formed on the left side of the neck have the same reasons as the cones formed on the right side. Sometimes there is a noticeable increase in the size of seals, which greatly scares a person. So the main causes of formation on the left side of the neck are
- allergies to medicines, chemicals, insect bites;
- decreased immune defense;
- skin lesions;
- lipoma or atherocosis of the neck;
- neck cyst;
- the appearance of fibroma, neurinoma – benign tumors;
- malignant tumor;
- hormonal deficiency in the body.
A lump on the neck in children can be a symptom of otitis media, measles, tooth growth, lymphadenitis.
Lump on the neck of a child
If there is a dense mass around the child’s neck, this is the first signal of impaired immunity or failure of the lymphatic system. The delicate skin of a child is sensitive to various internal changes that occur in the growing body. The most common causes of throat sealing are
- Inflammatory process in the cervical lymph nodes (often of a purulent nature), provoking the expansion of the cones and accompanied by a painful sensation of palpation;
- Inflammation of the parotid gland;
- viral disease – measles;
- otitis media;
- inflammation of the tonsils and polyps;
- dental disease;
- the appearance of tumors during teething;
- malignant diseases.
To determine the cause of the growth of the tumor on the neck, it is necessary to do blood, mucus and ultrasound tests.
Treatment of lumps on the neck
In most cases, the filling is removed surgically. Doctors also prescribe antibiotic therapy, injections, and antimicrobial ointments. The treatment regimen depends on the cause of the pathology.
Inflammation of the lymph node
In the diagnosis of lymphadenitis, drugs are used to fight the infection. Funds allocated:
- tetracycline;
- benzylpenicillin;
- ampicillin;
- eutromycin.
The course of drug therapy takes about 7-10 days. Saline irrigation and effective antiseptics are often used to treat lymph nodes. Miramist, stopangin is good for relieving inflammation.
Treatment of cysts or wen
How are boils treated
Furuncles are usually smeared with Vishnevo ointment, a bandage is applied to them. The drug quickly eliminates the inflammatory process and pathogenic microflora.
The ulcer should never be heated to ripen quickly.In some situations, the help of a doctor may be required.
The surgeon opens a boil, cleans the cavity of purulent masses and introduces antimicrobial drugs that eliminate the inflammatory process.
Tumor therapy
Cancer tumor requires specific therapy and constant medical monitoring. In most cases, the mass is removed surgically and additional anticancer drugs are prescribed. Radiation therapy is also used to treat cancer.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis
When cervical osteochondrosis is diagnosed, drugs are initially prescribed to relieve pain and muscle tension. To do this, they use NHS, muscle relaxants and chondroprotectors. Both internal means (tablets, injections) and external ones are used.
In ointments and gels against osteochondrosis of the cervix with an anesthetic and anti-inflammatory component of glucosamine, as well as collagen hydrolyzate, restoring damaged tissues of the spine
Of the proven products, we can recommend the Ultra Gel cream and collagen gel, which contains all the necessary ingredients.
‘Ultra’ collagen cream is used to treat various diseases of the musculoskeletal system, pathologies of joints and cartilage.
In addition to medical treatment, physiotherapy and LFK are mandatory. It is also quite effective massage, which activates blood circulation in the neck and shoulders and helps to get rid of muscle clamps.
Gymnastics in the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is one of the main components of recovery.A video of the correct exercises can be found here:
The first and second stages of cervical osteochondrosis are quite successfully treated with drugs, massage, exercise therapy. But the third stage, in which the dystrophy of the intervertebral discs is quite pronounced and they have already begun to collapse, is practically not treated. So don’t start with illness, get diagnosed and treated as soon as possible!
Here you can order Ultra collagen for the prevention and treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervix:
Advice for patients
- It is strictly forbidden to use iodine and alcohol in the treatment of any formations on the neck.Compresses based on these drugs cannot be produced – the drugs increase the inflammatory process.
- Camphor oil, ichthyol ointment, honey and lard can be used.
These products are applied to the pieces several times a day. Compressors are also used on the neck to decorate the herb for a while.
- Thoroughbred, nail used.
The choice of herbs to eliminate the inflammatory process is necessary taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and contraindications.
Any type of gasket must be machined correctly.
It is necessary to consult with a qualified specialist who will appoint the necessary examinations. Determining the cause of the pathology will help in deciding on the correct medication.
Preventive measures
Many cases of swelling in bursitis and neck are associated with inflammation, so they can be prevented by prevention and timely adequate treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases.General tonic procedures and adequate nutrition of the child with sufficient vitamins and minerals help reduce the likelihood of illness.
WHISPERS: Why does the child have a spherical bump on his head?
Some types of formations (lipomas, congenital cysts) cannot be prevented, but their early detection greatly simplifies the treatment process.