What are the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. How do different types of antibiotics work. Which infections can various antibiotics treat. What are the potential side effects and interactions of common antibiotics.

Understanding the Basics of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a crucial class of medications used to combat bacterial infections. These powerful drugs work in various ways to either kill bacteria or prevent their reproduction and spread. Some antibiotics attack the cell walls of bacteria, while others interfere with their protein production mechanisms.

Antibiotics come in several forms, including:

• Oral medications (liquids, tablets, and capsules)
• Topical treatments (creams, sprays, and ointments)
• Eye and ear formulations (drops and ointments)
• Injectable and intravenous solutions for severe infections

It’s important to note that antibiotics are ineffective against viral illnesses such as the common cold, flu, or mononucleosis. Healthcare professionals prescribe antibiotics for moderate to severe bacterial infections that haven’t responded to other treatments.

Penicillins: The Pioneering Antibiotic Family

Penicillins are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics and have been in use for decades. They are particularly effective against Staphylococci and Streptococci infections.

Common Penicillin Antibiotics

• Phenoxymethylpenicillin
• Dicloxacillin
• Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Penicillin V
• Penicillin G

Which conditions do penicillins typically treat? Penicillins are commonly used for:

• Various skin conditions
• Middle ear infections
• Kidney infections
• Blood infections

Are there any side effects associated with penicillins? Common side effects may include:

• Nausea
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Yeast infections
• Liver disease (in rare cases)

Can penicillins cause allergic reactions? Yes, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to penicillins, which can manifest as rashes, hives, or breathing difficulties. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider of any known allergies before starting antibiotic treatment.

Cephalosporins: A Versatile Antibiotic Class

Cephalosporins are another important group of antibiotics that are often prescribed for various bacterial infections. They are particularly useful for individuals who are allergic to penicillin.

Common Cephalosporin Antibiotics

• Cefaclor
• Cefazolin
• Cefadroxil
• Cephalexin
• Cefuroxime
• Cefixime
• Cefoxitin
• Ceftriaxone

Which infections do cephalosporins typically treat? Cephalosporins are commonly prescribed for:

• Gonorrhea
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Sinusitis
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Cellulitis

Tetracyclines: Anti-inflammatory Antibiotics

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics known for their dual action as both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. This unique property makes them particularly useful for treating certain conditions.

Common Tetracycline Antibiotics

• Doxycycline
• Minocycline
• Sarecycline

What conditions do tetracyclines typically treat? Tetracyclines are often prescribed for:

• Chest infections
• Urethral infections
• Pelvic infections
• Inflammatory skin conditions (e.g., acne, rosacea, perioral dermatitis)

Are there any precautions when taking tetracyclines? Yes, there are several important considerations:

• Children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid tetracyclines due to the risk of tooth staining.
• Take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright and with plenty of water to prevent esophageal irritation.
• Avoid sun exposure when taking doxycycline, as it can increase photosensitivity.
• Take tetracyclines after eating to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Do tetracyclines have any unique side effects? Minocycline, in particular, may cause:

• Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
• Autoimmune reactions
• Dizziness and headache
• Blue pigmentation of skin and nails (with long-term use)

Macrolides: Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Antibiotics

Macrolides are a group of antibiotics that possess both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They are particularly useful for treating infections caused by bacteria resistant to penicillin and for individuals with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies.

Common Macrolide Antibiotics

• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin
• Fidaxomicin
• Roxithromycin

Which conditions do macrolides typically treat? Macrolides are often prescribed for:

• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Respiratory infections
• Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia)
• Skin conditions (e.g., acne, rosacea, erythrasma, pityriasis lichenoides)

Are there any potential interactions with macrolides? Yes, macrolides, especially erythromycin and clarithromycin, can interact adversely with certain medications. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking before starting macrolide treatment.

Fluoroquinolones: Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

Fluoroquinolones are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections. They work by interfering with the bacteria’s DNA replication process.

Common Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Ofloxacin

What types of infections do fluoroquinolones treat? Fluoroquinolones are often prescribed for:

• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Bone and joint infections

Are there any special precautions when taking fluoroquinolones? Yes, fluoroquinolones have been associated with some serious side effects, including:

• Tendon rupture
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Central nervous system effects

Due to these potential risks, fluoroquinolones are typically reserved for use when other antibiotics are ineffective or inappropriate.

Aminoglycosides: Powerful Antibiotics for Severe Infections

Aminoglycosides are a class of potent antibiotics primarily used to treat severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. They work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

Common Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

• Gentamicin
• Tobramycin
• Amikacin
• Streptomycin

Which conditions do aminoglycosides typically treat? Aminoglycosides are often used for:

• Septicemia
• Complicated urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients
• Endocarditis

What are the potential side effects of aminoglycosides? Aminoglycosides can have serious side effects, including:

• Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
• Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
• Neuromuscular blockade

Due to these potential risks, aminoglycosides are typically administered in hospital settings under close medical supervision.

Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern

Antibiotic resistance is a significant global health issue that occurs when bacteria evolve to become less susceptible to antibiotics. This phenomenon can make infections harder to treat and increase the risk of disease spread.

What factors contribute to antibiotic resistance? Several factors can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance:

• Overuse and misuse of antibiotics
• Inappropriate prescribing practices
• Use of antibiotics in agriculture
• Poor infection control in healthcare settings
• Lack of new antibiotic development

How can we combat antibiotic resistance? Strategies to address this issue include:

• Promoting responsible antibiotic use
• Implementing antibiotic stewardship programs in healthcare facilities
• Developing new antibiotics and alternative treatments
• Improving infection prevention and control measures
• Enhancing surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance

By understanding the importance of proper antibiotic use and taking steps to prevent resistance, we can help preserve the effectiveness of these crucial medications for future generations.

The Future of Antibiotic Development

As antibiotic resistance continues to pose challenges, researchers and pharmaceutical companies are exploring new avenues for antibiotic development and alternative treatments.

What are some promising areas of research in antibiotic development? Scientists are investigating several innovative approaches:

• Bacteriophage therapy: Using viruses that specifically target bacteria
• Antimicrobial peptides: Naturally occurring molecules with antibacterial properties
• CRISPR-Cas9 technology: Gene editing to target specific bacterial strains
• Nanoparticle-based treatments: Using nanotechnology to enhance antibiotic delivery
• Antivirulence strategies: Targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than killing bacteria directly

Are there any recent breakthroughs in antibiotic discovery? While new antibiotics are not frequently developed, some recent advancements include:

• Teixobactin: A promising new class of antibiotics discovered in 2015
• Halicin: An antibiotic identified using artificial intelligence in 2020
• Cefiderocol: A novel siderophore cephalosporin approved in 2019

These developments offer hope for addressing the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance and provide new tools in the fight against bacterial infections.

Proper Antibiotic Use: Guidelines for Patients

To ensure the effectiveness of antibiotics and minimize the risk of resistance, it’s crucial for patients to use these medications responsibly.

What are the key guidelines for proper antibiotic use? Patients should follow these important principles:

• Take antibiotics only when prescribed by a healthcare professional
• Complete the full course of antibiotics as directed, even if symptoms improve
• Never share antibiotics with others or use leftover antibiotics
• Inform your healthcare provider about any allergies or adverse reactions to antibiotics
• Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of infections

How can patients help combat antibiotic resistance? Individuals can contribute to this effort by:

• Asking their healthcare provider if antibiotics are necessary for their condition
• Understanding that antibiotics are not effective against viral infections
• Staying up to date with recommended vaccinations
• Practicing proper food handling and preparation to prevent foodborne infections
• Educating others about the importance of responsible antibiotic use

By following these guidelines and working together with healthcare professionals, patients can play a crucial role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.

What Are the Most Common Antibiotics?

Antibiotics are a common, important group of medicines that treat bacterial infections. Some antibiotics attack or break down the cell walls of bacteria, while others inhibit their protein production. This kills the bacteria or keeps it from reproducing and spreading.

Oral antibiotics are available in liquid, tablet, and capsule form. Topical antibiotics include skin creams, sprays, and ointments. Eye ointments, eye drops, and ear drops are also available. Severe infections may require injected or intravenous antibiotics.

Healthcare professionals prescribe different antibiotics to treat conditions such as strep throat, bronchitis, and inner ear infections. In this case, these infections are moderate to severe and have not improved with other treatments.

Antibiotics do not treat viral illnesses, such as a cold, the flu, or mono.

These drugs are grouped according to their antibacterial activity and chemical structure. Specific antibiotics fight certain bacteria, which makes it important to take the right kind. A healthcare professional may ask for a lab culture test to determine which antibiotics you need.

Read on to learn more about the most common types of antibiotics and which infections they treat. We also explore the common side effects of antibiotics, which can include gastrointestinal problems like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as more serious effects.

Here are some types of antibiotics that doctors prescribe most often.

Penicillins

Penicillins are a common treatment for a variety of skin conditions. They also treat middle ear, kidney, and blood infections. Penicillin antibiotics are effective at killing Staphylococci and Streptococci infections. But some bacteria are resistant to penicillin, due to overuse.

Common penicillin antibiotics include:

• phenoxymethylpenicillin
• dicloxacillin
• amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• ampicillin
• nafcillin
• oxacillin
• penicillin V
• penicillin G

Potential side effects include:

• nausea
• abdominal discomfort
• diarrhea
• headache
• yeast infection
• liver disease

Penicillin may cause allergic reactions, such as rashes, hives, and breathing difficulties.

Some medications that may interact with penicillin include oral contraceptives and the anti-inflammatories aspirin and probenecid.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins often treat gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sinusitis. They also treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), epididymo-orchitis, and cellulitis. Often, doctors prescribe cephalosporins to people who are allergic to penicillin.

Common cephalosporin antibiotics include:

• cefaclor
• cefazolin
• cefadroxil
• cephalexin
• cefuroxime
• cefixime
• cefoxitin
• ceftriaxone

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties that can treat several bacterial infections. They commonly treat chest, urethral, and pelvic infections. Tetracyclines also treat inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis.

Common tetracycline antibiotics include:

• doxycycline
• minocycline
• sarecycline

Children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding people should not take tetracyclines because they have the potential to stain developing teeth.

They can also cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus. To prevent this, make sure to take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright, and have plenty of water. Also, it’s a good idea to avoid sun exposure, since doxycycline causes photosensitivity, which can lead to sunburn.

Finally, it’s best to take this type of antibiotic after eating to prevent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Minocycline has more potential side effects than doxycycline, though it’s less likely to cause photosensitivity. Possible adverse effects of minocycline include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, and dizziness and headache. Also, using it for a long period may cause blue pigmentation of skin and nails.

Medications that may interact with tetracyclines include:

• systemic retinoids, such as acitretin, isotretinoin, and alitretinoin
• diuretics
• lithium
• anticonvulsants
• rifampicin
• celestipol
• oral contraceptives

Macrolides

Macrolides are an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They can treat strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin. They are also a suitable option for people who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin.

These antibiotics commonly treat skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia. Healthcare professionals use them, for example, to treat skin conditions like acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides.

Types of macrolides include:

• erythromycin
• clarithromycin
• azithromycin
• fidaxomicin
• roxithromycin

Macrolides, especially erythromycin and clarithromycin, can adversely interact with certain medications. Reactions and toxicity are more common in older adults and people with renal or liver dysfunction.

Medications that may interact with macrolides include:

• calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil
• amiodarone
• methadone
• lithium
• amitriptyline
• citalopram
• anticoagulants, including warfarin and dabigatran
• digoxin
• benzodiazepines
• carbamazepine
• cimetidine
• clozapine
• colchicine
• theophylline

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones, also called quinolones, can fight bacterial infections that are life threatening or challenging to treat. However, they are linked with antimicrobial resistance, so you shouldn’t take them unless it’s absolutely necessary.

Fluoroquinolones are the first-line treatment for prostatitis, along with severe cases of salmonellosis and shigellosis. Doctors also often use them to treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis. Sometimes, fluoroquinolones treat urinary, eye, and ear infections.

Types of fluoroquinolone include:

• ciprofloxacin
• ofloxacin
• levofloxacin
• moxifloxacin

For people with renal dysfunction, taking this type of drug may require adjustments to dosages of other medications. And, rarely, fluoroquinolone can cause serious adverse effects, especially in older adults.

Potential side effects include:

• tendon rupture
• aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection
• aortic and mitral regurgitation
• central nervous system excitation and seizures
• QT prolongation
• other cardiac conditions

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides, also called sulfa drugs, are a type of synthetic antimicrobial that doctors prescribe when first-line treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. The most common type is sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called co-trimoxazole. It treats conditions such as pneumocystis pneumonia and nocardiosis in people with weakened immunity, as well as infections of the lower urinary tract in children.

Types of sulfonamides include:

• sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim
• sulfasalazine
• sulfacetamide
• sulfadiazine silver

Sulfonamides are unsafe during pregnancy because they increase the likelihood of pregnancy loss.

Potential side effects include:

• jaundice in newborns
• candidiasis
• folate deficiency
• headaches
• anorexia
• hyperkalaemia

Medications that may interact with sulfonamides include:

• warfarin
• sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents
• phenytoin
• methotrexate

Glycopeptides

Glycopeptide antibiotics treat drug-resistant bacteria and gram-positive infections, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, better known as MRSA.

Types of glycopeptides include:

• vancomycin
• dalbavancin
• oritavancin
• telavancin

Below, find answers to common questions about antibiotics.

What is antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria survive or resist antibiotic treatment. Bacteria change and mutate to protect themselves after coming into contact with an antibiotic or other bacteria. Once a type of bacteria is resistant, it passes these genes to other bacteria, which continue to grow. Eventually, they create a new strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Misusing and overusing antibiotics increases the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Over time, this may lead to a shortage of medications that can effectively treat common infections.

How can I prevent antibiotic resistance?

To prevent antibiotic resistance, avoid taking antibiotics unless it is essential. Don’t take them for viral infections, such as a cold or the flu. Always follow the instructions from your healthcare professional about how much to take when. To prevent infections, clean your hands and living spaces regularly, and take steps to strengthen your immune system.

Are there any natural antibiotics?

Natural antibiotics include honey, thyme essential oil, and oregano essential oil. Extracts of garlic, cranberry, and myrrh also have antibiotic properties. Several herbs are effective antibiotics, including echinacea, turmeric, and ginger.

Natural UTI treatments include D-mannose and uva ursi, along with green, parsley, mint, and chamomile teas.

You can experiment with different combinations of natural treatments to find out which are most effective for your needs.

Antibiotics kill bacteria and prevent them from multiplying. They are valuable drugs that treat bacterial infections. It’s crucial to use them correctly and follow the healthcare professional’s instructions carefully.

It’s also important to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions of antibiotics. Speak with your doctor if you have any related concerns.

A Guide to the 8 Most Common Classes of Antibiotics

Antibiotics have prevented millions of deaths and radically changed healthcare during the last century. There are dozens of different types of antibiotics, with each of them grouped into different classes. The following list includes eight of the most common classes of antibiotics, what they are generally used for and some of the potential side effects.

1. Penicillins

Alexander Fleming discovered in 1928 that mold derived from penicillin stopped the growth of bacteria. There are now over a dozen types of penicillins that can treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. A few include amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and penicillin G. There are also subgroups of penicillins such as carbenicillin. Carbenicillins are effective against certain urinary tract infections. Penicillin is the most widely prescribed of all antibiotics, usually in the form of amoxicillin. It is also considered one of the strongest. It is usually the first choice for those suffering from infections such as pneumonia, tonsillitis and dental abscesses. Other common bacterial infections treated with penicillins include strep throat and urinary tract infections.

General side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, fever and skin rashes. It’s important to note that penicillins may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. Some individuals exhibit a severe allergic reaction to penicillin known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition that causes dysfunction in several body systems.

 

Popular Penicillin Antibiotics:

2. Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins were first discovered and isolated in 1945. These types of antibiotics are usually grouped into categories that are called generations. There are five generations of cephalosporins. The first generation of these antibiotics is usually used for infections that are easier to treat. The latter generations are for more serious bacterial infections.

 

Cephalosporins are often used for strep throat, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and ear infections. The fifth generation of cephalosporins is called Ceftaroline and is used for antibiotic resistant infections such as MRSA. The cephalosporins that are primarily prescribed include cephalexin, cefaclor and ceftriaxone (as an injection). Cefazolin, cefuroxime and cefoxitin are not used as often and normally prescribed for individuals with cystic fibrosis or those undergoing dialysis.

Side effects are similar to those experienced with penicillin. These include nausea, diarrhea, rash and thrush. If someone is allergic to penicillins it is likely they will be allergic to cephalosporins since they are similar in molecular structure. Depending on how severe the allergy is, some individuals may be able to still take third, fourth or fifth generation cephalosporins.

 

Popular Cephalosporin Antibiotics:

3. Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides were initially developed as early as 1906 but were not used for antimicrobial purposes until the 1930s. There are several specific brands of sulfonamides in the United States and Canada. A few brands in this class include Sulfazine and Azulfudine. These antibiotics are used for general bacterial infections such as bronchitis and bladder infections. They are also used for less common conditions such as malaria and rheumatic fever.

 

There are a variety of potential side effects associated with these types of antibiotics. Elderly individuals can be particularly sensitive to sulfonamides and are usually advised not to take these medications. Pregnant women are also not advised to use these medications as they are known to pass into breast milk. Itching and skin rash are two common side effects. There are dozens of medications that have the potential to interact with sulfonamides, making it extremely important for patients to also discuss with their doctor if they are able to take this antibiotic and at what dosage.

 

4. Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are divided based on pharmacology and their antimicrobial spectrum. The older group of fluoroquinolone antibiotics includes ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The newer group includes moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, delafloxacin and gemifloxacin. Fluoroquinolones work by destroying the DNA replication in bacteria. Several new antibiotics in this class were removed and taken off the US market due to toxicity. Some of these included grepafloxacin that contributed to cardiac toxicity and temafloxacin associated with acute renal failure.

It is generally recommended to use these antibiotics only after other courses of treatment have failed. Fluroquinolones have also been linked in recent years to mental health problems, disturbances with blood sugar and specifically aortic aneurysms. Within the last year the FDA has required labeling changes to strengthen the warnings. There may be some cases, however, such as when treating bacterial pneumonia, that the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Serious cases of pneumonia and abdominal infections may require the use of fluoroquinolones.

 

5. Macrolides

These antibiotics were discovered during the 1950s. They are usually given as oral medication. Macrolides are often used to treat very basic bacterial infections. Specific drugs in this class include roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and erythromycin. These antibiotics are often used for specific types of pneumonia, chlamydia and urethritis. Macrolides are sometimes prescribed to prevent a bacterial infection. If an individual has had their spleen removed or suffers from sickle-cell disease the person may need to use one of these antibiotics on a regular basis to prevent an infection.

Minor side effects can include nausea, diarrhea and ringing in the ears. Macrolides are often a good alternative for individuals that are allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins. However, potential complications regarding these antibiotics are that they do have some drug interaction concerns that could lead to serious heart complications.

Popular Macrolide Antibiotics:

6. Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines were discovered in 1945 and first prescribed in 1948. In 1953, the drug was patented but wasn’t used commercially until 1978. They are taken orally and have been used for a wide variety of medical conditions including acne and in combination with other medication for stomach ulcers. While many of these antibiotics have similar side effects to those in other classes, tetracyclines may also inhibit appetite.

These antibiotics may also contribute to tooth development problems if used by young children. The most common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, swollen tongue, troubling swallowing and soreness or swelling in the genital area. A rare but potential serious side effect is possible blindness due to intracranial hypertension.

 

7. Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides consist of amino groups which are connected to glycosides. In 1943, streptomycin (the first aminoglycoside) was discovered. These antibiotics, unlike most others, are usually administered intramuscularly or intravenously in a clinical setting. Aminoglycosides are often prescribed for serious Gram-negative infections. They kill bacteria directly and are often used for conditions that are difficult to treat. A few types of Aminoglycosides can be taken as ear drops, eye drops or orally.

 

8. Carbapenems

These antibiotics were introduced in the 1980s. They are a class of antibiotics also known as beta lactam. They work by inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Carbapenems are often used for serious urinary infections, abdominal infections, blood infections and pneumonia.

 

Doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem are each drugs in the Carbapenem class that are usually administered intravenously or injected into a muscle. These drugs are often prescribed for infections that aren’t easily treated with other antibiotics. Carbapenems are similar to penicillins. These types of antibiotics, however, so far seem unaffected by the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance.

General side effects include nausea, diarrhea and headache.

 

Popular Carbapenem Antibiotics:

Because there are so many different classes of antibiotics with many similarities, it’s important to have the resources on hand to choose the correct component for your research or application. At AG Scientific, we have over 20 years of experience in the life science industry supplying critical chemical reagents for breakthrough research. Contact our team to find the highest quality reagents, industry-best pricing, and unrivaled customer service.

 

Additional Reading:

• Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics
• The CRISPR Cas9 System: A War Against Antibiotic Resistance
• Drug Resistant Pathogens: A Growing Problem
• What Can Be Done to Fight Antibiotic Resistance?

April 2019

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for children – buy in Ukraine

• Goods

• Prices in pharmacies

Items: 500

Sorting:
Behind the ratingVid cheapVid expensive

Type:

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

9 0017 Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

9 0015 Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Go to

Go to

Go to

Go to

Go to

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

go to cat

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

Jump to box

9 0017 Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Go to box

Editorial team

Creation date: 06/04/2022
Date updated: 19. 07.2023

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

A variety of bacteria live in the human body, many of which are necessary for normal functioning. Prote, you can also see the ailments that call different pathologies. To fight against bacterial infections, antibiotics are used – preparations of direct action, yakі reshkodzhayut їх reproduction and growth, priming the life of microorganism. More medical benefits are added only to the song type of pathogens, which makes the therapy easier and the need for the necessary medication. For the cure of the ailment caused by the culprit, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used.

The widest pardon for the use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of viral diseases. The stench is powerless against viruses, which have a daily clitin structure. In this case, an antibiotic may be used in combination with other drugs, since a viral infection may be aggravated and bacterial infection may be included.

Variety of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs in a large assortment are presented in Ukrainian pharmacies. It is smarted by this building to effectively excite various infectious diseases, both in children and in adults. According to the chemical warehouse, broad-spectrum antibiotics are subdivided into 5 main groups, the skin may have its pharmacological activity:

1. Penicillin – ampicillin, bicillin, carbicillin are still being introduced. Qi speech disrupts the synthesis of clitin membranes and pereskodzhayut proper osmosis of clitin, preventing the growth of microorganism. Antibiotics of the penicillin series are effective in the treatment of angina, sieve paths, infectious lesions of the bones, scoliosis and soft tissues, pneumonia.
2. Cephalosporins of another generation (ceflaxor, cemafondol, ceflaquin) – drugs of this series are prescribed, as the patient is suspected of intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin series. They may be similar to them for the treatment of infections of the sechostatic system, ENT organs, gynecology, postoperative infections of the cystic and soft tissue.
3. Tetracyclines (doxycycline, tetracycline) – a speech agent that affects the impaired protein synthesis of bacteria of various species. Tetracyclines are good at coping with acne, infectious ENT diseases, and problems with ICT.
4. Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin) block the production of proteins, which are necessary for the development of pathogenic bacteria. Use them with other antibacterial drugs for treatment of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, infections of the sacs, tuberculosis.
5. Rifamycin (rifampicin) – speech is related to the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms. Rifamycins cause disruption of their synthesis and are especially effective in treating tuberculosis and other diseases that provoke mycobacteria. Also, an antibiotic should be used for the treatment of damage to the dichal system and the sec- ondary organs. To rifampicin, resistance is largely blamed for this, which is due to the presence of rifampicin in combination with other antibacterial drugs.

How to choose the right drug?

First of all known to buy broad-spectrum antibiotics, consult a physician. Only fahіvets zdatny signs of competently likuvannya and choose the necessary pharmacological form of the drug, yogo dosing that scheme to receive. Call the doctor and recommend a specific name for the drug, or the patient can ask for an antibiotic with a viable fluctuating speech, another trade name. You can find such an analogue in a different way, for example, on the website of MIS Pharmacy 9-1-1 on antibiotics of a wide range of prices to lie in the company-virobnik, dosing and pharmacological authorities of the people. You can replace the necessary goods online or with delivery in Ukraine. Sales zdіysnyuєtsya for the prescription of a doctor, he does not rely on the advice of those who know and engage in self-admiration. Uncontrolled intake of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance to the drug and not to give an overbearing effect. It is very important for him to take the dosage of that scheme to the reception, and also not to interrupt the course at the first visible flushes.

Copy of vikoristan literature

• physio-pedia.com;
• Sovereign register of medical supplies of Ukraine;
• betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

Popular questions

Why can broad-spectrum antibiotics be combined?

It is important to remember that antibiotics are applied to all types of bacteria, including the corysnus microflora. That is why it is necessary to supplement them with the intake of probiotics, in order to take revenge on the obviousness of the bacterium in a dried-up or shriveled look. In some cases, additional use of antihistamines is required.

How can antibiotics cover a wide range of activities?

The most popular antibiotics in tablets and ampoules (vials) of a wide spectrum can be seen: Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Levofloxacin, Cefixime.

Broad spectrum nutrition

What are inexpensive products in the category Broad spectrum antibiotics?

What are the imported goods in the category Broad spectrum antibiotics?

What are the most popular products in the category Broad Spectrum Antibiotics?

List of products in the category Antibiotics of a wide range of drugs?

Prices for goods in the category Broad spectrum antibiotics start at 4.90 UAH.

Antibiotics for a wide range of prices in Pharmacy 911

Name	Price
Ceftriaxone-Darnitsa por. d/r-well d/in.fl. 1g №5	UAH 190.00
Azibiot tab. i.v. 500mg №3	201.50 UAH
Doxycycline-Darnitsa caps. 100mg №10	UAH 32.40
Ciprofloxacin Euro tab. i.v. 500mg №10	UAH 75.90
Azithromycin Euro tab. i.v. 500mg #3 Solution Pharm	114.10 UAH

Cheap analogues of expensive antibiotics: analogues of expensive drugs

Antibiotics are one of the most expensive groups of medicines. And if the cost of “old” antibiotics is more or less acceptable, then new broad-spectrum antibiotics are incredibly expensive, which is not surprising, because the development of one new antibiotic costs approximately 1 billion US dollars.

If you think about this topic, you can understand that there are not so many new antibiotics, because not only do development and clinical studies take decades, but the cost of the project is equal to the cost of space flight. In this regard, very few pharmaceutical companies in the US and Europe can conduct such expensive research.

For example, Linezolid (trade name Zyvox) is the latest antibiotic to enter the market and is patented by Pfizer. At the same time, it was synthesized back in 1990, and only in 2000 it was first put into practice.

And what about other pharmaceutical companies, including domestic ones, who cannot afford such expenses? The answer is simple – they produce generics, that is, analogues of long-known antibiotics, with the same active ingredient as the original drug, but under a different trade name. The cost of such drugs is often lower than the cost of the original drug, but there are also opposite cases.

When prescribing antibiotic therapy, doctors can prescribe both the original drug – an expensive antibiotic (occurs less often) and its analogue – a cheap antibiotic (in most cases). The reason for this is the work of medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies and distributors. So if the doctor prescribed you an expensive antibiotic, do not rush to buy it at the expense of the budget. Most likely, he has a cheaper analogue, which a pharmacist in a pharmacy can also advise you if you ask him about it. However, it is worth remembering that from January 1, 2023 in Ukraine, you can buy an antibiotic only with an electronic prescription, which is pre-written to you by a doctor. The Doc.ua service also provides an opportunity to get an electronic prescription for antibiotics in just a few clicks. You can also buy all the necessary prescription drugs at the Doc.ua Pharmacy.

In this article we have provided a list of analogues of the most famous and widely used antibiotics.

Antibiotics for colds list Ukraine

Antibiotics of the penicillin group

Flemoxin Solutab , cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcer, cystitis and other

The average cost of Flemoxin Solutab and Ospamox is 80-150 UAH. Its analogue is Amoxil (amoxicillin analogues, amoxiclav analogues). The average cost is 50-70 UAH (inexpensive antibiotics for colds).

Antibiotics of the group of inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins

Flemoclav Solutab , Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid).

This antibiotic is used to treat mild and uncomplicated cases of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, peptic ulcers, cystitis, etc. caused by b-lactamase producing bacteria.

The average cost of Flemoclav Solutab is 100-150 UAH, Augmentin is 130-190 UAH.

Flemoklav Solutab analogues, Augmentin analogues ( cheap broad-spectrum antibiotics):

Bactoclav is the cheapest antibiotic, the average price is 60 – 70 UAH.

Amoxil K, Medoklav, Abiklav, Amoksiklav 2x, Betaklav, are also inexpensive antibiotics for colds.

Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group

Emsef , Rotacef , Diacef , Denicef ​​ (ceftriaxone analogues in tablets) – Lorakson, Medakson (ceftriaxone analogue in tablets), Ceftriaxone-Darnitsa, Ceftriaxone-KMP, Ceftriaxone-Lekhim.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, disseminated Lyme borreliosis (early and late stages of the disease), infections of the abdominal cavity, etc. 12 (cefuroxime) – Aksetin, Aksef , Auroxetil.

Antibiotics treat urinary tract infections – cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis; skin and soft tissues – furunculosis, pyoderma, impetigo, etc. 9 Quadrocef 11, Exipim , Septipim (cefepime) – Cefepim-Lekhim, Cefepim Abryl, Cefepim Aurobindo.

Antibiotics treat respiratory diseases (pneumonia and bronchitis), urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections.

Eurosidim , Ceftazidime-Vista (ceftazidime) – Ceftazidime Yuria-pharm, Ceftum, Zacef, Ceftazidime-BHFZ.

These antibiotics are used to treat meningitis, sepsis and other illnesses.

Sorcef , Cefinac , Suprax Solutab (cefixime) – Lopraks, Opticef, Cefix.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, otitis media, and urinary tract infections.

Macrolide antibiotics

Sumamed , Azax Azitrox 1 Zibax (azithromycin analogues are expensive, sumamed analogues) – Azibiot, Azipol, Zitrox, Ormax, Azimed (the best analogue sumamed) Azicin, Zoxy, Azithromycin-Astrafarm, Azithromycin-Health, Azithromycin-BHFZ, Azithromycin-Red Star, Ziomycin (azithromycin analogues of the drug).

These name antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, as well as acute bronchitis, pneumonia. 9Ora dro (clarithromycin analogues) – Aziklar, Clarithromycin-Health, Clarithromycin-Astrafarm, Clarithromycin-Darnitsa, Clarithromycin-Arterium, Clubax.

Antibiotics treat diseases such as infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs: tonsillopharyngitis, otitis media, acute sinusitis, as well as infections of the lower respiratory tract: acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and others.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group

Unidox Solutab (doxycycline) – its inexpensive antibiotics – analogues: Doxycycline-Teva, Doxycycline-Darnitsa, Doxycycline-BHFZ (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics are used to treat pharyngitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, as well as otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis and others.

Antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone group

Ofloxin (ofloxacin) – Ofloxacin-Darnitsa, Ofloxacin-Lekhim (inexpensive antibiotic).

Antibiotics treat infectious and inflammatory diseases of bones and joints, abdominal cavity, diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis.

Abiflox , Levaxela, Lebel , Levoksimed, Levomak , Tigeron (levofloxacin) – Levokilz, Levofloxacin-Lekhim, Levofloxacin-Health, Floxium, Leflok.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections.

Avelox , Moxicum, Timoksi, Moxifloxacin-Sandoz (moxifloxacin) – Moxifloxacin-Lekhim, Moflaxa, Moxifloxacin-Pharmex, Atovax.

Antibiotics are used to treat acute sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia.

Cifran , Tsiprinol , Tsiprolet analogues , Flaprox, 903 11 Ciprobel (ciprofloxacin analogues are expensive) – Ciprofloxacin-Euro, Ciprofloxacin-Lekhim, Ciprofloxacin-Astrapharm, Citeral.

An antibiotic used to treat sepsis and peritonitis and to prevent and treat infections in immunosuppressed patients.

Nitroimidazole antibacterials

Strong antibiotics in tablets

Trichopolum , Efloran (metronidazole) – Metrogil, Metressa, Metronidazole-Health, Metronidazole-Darnitsa, Metronidazole-Infusion, Metronid Zol-Yuria Pharm, Metronidazole Lubnypharm.

Antibiotics treat protozoal infections: extraintestinal amoebiasis, including amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis (amebic dysentery), trichomoniasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, trichomonas vaginitis, trichomonas urethritis, and others.

Ornigil , Ornizol, Ornimac (ornidazole) – Ornidazol-Darnitsa, Ornidazol-Novopharm, Ornidazol-Infusion.

Antibiotics are used to treat trichomoniasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, and a mild antibiotic is used to prevent postoperative complications.

Antibiotic analogues table