Sulbutiamine erectile dysfunction: [Clinical efficacy of the drug enerion in the treatment of patients with psychogenic (functional) erectile dysfunction]

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Perello, C. Sulbutiamine in the treatment of chronic fatigue in multiple sclerosis. 21st Congress of the European Committee for the Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis: 10th Annual Meeting of the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis. Quality of Life. Sept. 29, 2005.

Bettendorff L, Weekers L, Wins P, et al. Injection of sulbutiamine induces an increase in thiamine triphosphate in rat tissue. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990;40(11):2557-60. View abstract.

Bizot J, Herpin A, Pothion S, et al. Chronic treatment with sulbutiamine improves memory in an object recognition task and reduces some amnesic effects of dizocilpine in a spatial delayed-non-match-to-sample task. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005;29(6):928-35.
View abstract.

Dmitriev D, Gamidov S, Permiakova O. [Clinical efficacy of the drug enerion in the treatment of patients with psychogenic (functional) erectile dysfunction]. Urologiia. 2005;(1):32-5. View abstract.

Douzenis A, Michopoulos I, Lykouras L. Sulbutiamine, an ‘innocent’ over the counter drug, interferes with therapeutic outcomes of bipolar disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2006;7(3):183-5. View abstract.

Fujihira E, Tarumoto Y, Ajioka M, Mori T, Nakazawa M. [Analgesic effect of
o-isobutyrylthiamine disulfide on experimentally induced pain]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1973 Mar;93(3):388-91. View abstract.

Garcia-Rill E, Kezunovic N, Hyde J, et al. Coherence and frequency in the reticular activating system (RAS). Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(3):227-38. View abstract.

Hills J. The Effect of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide on Operant Learning, Social Behavior, Activity, Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle, and Auditory Brainstem Response Threshold in the DBA/2J Mouse. ProQuest. 2009.

Kiew K, Wan Mohamad W, Ridzuan A, et al. Effects of sulbutiamine on diabetic polyneuropathy: an open randomized controlled study in type 2 diabetics. Malays J Med Sci. 2002;9(1):21-7. View abstract.

Loo H, Poirier M, Ollat H, et al. [Effects of subutiamine (Arcalion 200) on psycho-behavioral inhibition in major depressive episodes]. Encephale. 2000;26(2):70-5. View abstract.

Micheau J, Durkin T, Destrade C, et al. Chronic administration of sulbutiamine improves long term memory formation in mice: possible cholinergic mediation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985;23(2):195-8. View abstract.

Ollat H, Laurent B, Bakchine S, et al. [Effects of the association of sulbutiamine with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in early stage and moderate Alzheimer disease]. Encephale. 2007;33(2): 211-5. View abstract.

Shah S. Adjuvant role of vitamin B analogue (sulbutiamine) with anti-infective treatment in infection associated asthenia. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003;51:891-5. View abstract.

Sobolevsky T, Rodchenkov G. Sulbutiamine in sports. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):643-6. View abstract.

Tiev K, Cabane J, Imbert J. [Treatment of chronic postinfectious fatuge: randomized double-blind study of two doses of sulbutiamine (400-600 mg/day) versus placebo]. Rev Med Interne. 1999;20(10):912-8. View abstract.

Trovero F, Gobbi M, Weil-Fuggaza, et al. Evidence for a modulatory effect of sulbutiamine on glutamatergic and dopaminergic cortical transmissions in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett. 2000;292(1):49-53. View abstract.

Van Reeth O. Pharmacologic and therapeutic features of sulbutiamine. Drugs Today (Barc). 1999;35(3):187-92. View abstract.

Volvert M, Seven S, Piette M, et al. Benfotiamine, a synthetic S-acyl thiamine derivative, has different mechanisms of action and a different pharmacological profile than lipid-soluble thiamine disulfide derivatives. BMC Pharmacol. 2008;8:10. View abstract.

Bettendorff L, Weekers L, Wins P, et al. Injection of sulbutiamine induces an increase in thiamine triphosphate in rat tissue. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990;40(11):2557-60. View abstract.

Fujihira E, Tarumoto Y, Ajioka M, Mori T, Nakazawa M. [Analgesic effect of
o-isobutyrylthiamine disulfide on experimentally induced pain]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1973 Mar;93(3):388-91. View abstract.

Garcia-Rill E, Kezunovic N, Hyde J, et al. Coherence and frequency in the reticular activating system (RAS). Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(3):227-38. View abstract.

Kiew K, Wan Mohamad W, Ridzuan A, et al. Effects of sulbutiamine on diabetic polyneuropathy: an open randomized controlled study in type 2 diabetics. Malays J Med Sci. 2002;9(1):21-7. View abstract.

Loo H, Poirier M, Ollat H, et al. [Effects of subutiamine (Arcalion 200) on psycho-behavioral inhibition in major depressive episodes]. Encephale. 2000;26(2):70-5. View abstract.

Sevim S, Kaleagasi H, Tasdelen B. Sulbutiamine shows promising results in reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;16:40-43. View abstract.

Shah S. Adjuvant role of vitamin B analogue (sulbutiamine) with anti-infective treatment in infection associated asthenia. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003;51:891-5. View abstract.

Sobolevsky T, Rodchenkov G. Sulbutiamine in sports. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):643-6. View abstract.

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Dietary supplement ingredient advisory list. https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplement-products-ingredients/dietary-supplement-ingredient-advisory-list. Accessed December 17, 2019.

Van Reeth O. Pharmacologic and therapeutic features of sulbutiamine. Drugs Today (Barc). 1999;35(3):187-92. View abstract.

(PDF) Role of the Synthetic B1 Vitamin Sulbutiamine on Health

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8Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Kang Dang, The bus trembled for a while, and the man with the hedgehog head overflowed with blood from his nose and mouth, and his ribs were broken.

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Not long ago, Xie Yaxue also formally took over the post of general manager of the auction houses of the two circles.

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Although the earth is a big treasure that has not been excavated by earth repairs, it cannot be seen everywhere.

It was fortunate that he remembered that this was the Li Family Manor, Just glanced at Fang Zhe coldly.

Let alone the special and importance of their heaven, material and earth treasures, if something happens Sulbutiamine Erectile Dysfunction to separate the two heaven, material and earth treasures, then it will definitely be a devastating disaster for Li Youruo and others who live inside.

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Is it possible to arrange all spacecraft, rockets, brain computer interface companies

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Some drugs can cause unwanted sexual side effects in men

(iStock) (fotostorm)

Consumer Reports has no financial relationship with any advertisers on this site.

You might assume that erectile dysfunction, or ED, is a normal problem that men face as they age. But because men (and women) take more medications as they age, the experts at Consumer Reports’ Best Buy Drugs report that side effects from those drugs are a little-known yet common cause of ED.

“Many medications can affect things like erectile dysfunction, desire and ejaculation in different ways and through different mechanisms of action,” says J. Dennis Fortenberry, former chair of the board of the American Sexual Health Association and the Donald Orr Professor of Adolescent Medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine.

Medications that can have these effects include high blood pressure drugs such as beta blockers, including atenolol (Tenormin), clonidine (Catapres), metoprolol (Lopressor) and methyldopa (Aldomet), and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril).

Popular antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs such as alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), duloxetine (Cymbalta), fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil) can cause sexual problems such as delayed ejaculation, reduced sexual desire in men and erectile dysfunction. Lesser-known drug types that can also cause such sexual problems include antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole (Nizoral).

Surprisingly, heartburn drugs, including famotidine (Pepcid) and ranitidine (Zantac) are known to reduce sexual desire in men. In addition, reduced desire and erectile dysfunction have been reported in men taking the powerful painkillers oxycodone (OxyContin) and hydrocodone (Vicodin), muscle relaxers such as baclofen (Lioresal), and even over-the-counter ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB).

And perhaps not surprisingly, the more drugs a man takes, the greater his odds are of experiencing an issue. For example, in a 2012 study of men ages 45 to 69, those who took three to five drugs were 15 percent more likely to have erectile dysfunction than men taking two or fewer. Men who took six to nine drugs were 51 percent more likely to have erection problems.

What you can do

Before making any change to your medications, talk with your doctor, says David Shih, a board-certified emergency medicine physician and executive vice president of strategy on health and innovation at CityMD, a network of urgent care centers in the New York metro area and Seattle.

If appropriate, your physician can make changes such as “lowering the medication dose, switching to a new medication or a combination therapy of lower doses of each,” notes Shih.

Your doctor may also suggest temporarily stopping a medication — often referred to as taking a “drug holiday” — before having sex, if that is possible.

If you’ve just started taking a new drug, sexual side effects may disappear as your body adjusts. But if after a few months they don’t, discuss it with your physician. He or she will want to rule out other conditions that could cause your sex drive to take a nose-dive.

“The prescribing physician will need to explore if these symptoms are from cardiovascular disease, depressive disorder, diabetes, neurological disease and other illnesses,” says Shih.

Even suffering from sleep apnea is known to affect sexual interest or response.

That’s why, if you experience ED, it’s important to get to your doctor’s office for a detailed discussion about what could be causing it.

90,000 What is Sulbutiamine?

Sulbutiamine is the generic name for Arcalion, a drug best known for treating asthenia, which is an abnormal physical weakness or decreased energy. It is also used to improve memory and treat erectile dysfunction. It is a synthetic derivative of thiamine, also known as thiamine or vitamin B. In this it is similar to other drugs such as allithiamine, benfotiamine, fursultiamine and prosultamine. Sulbutiamine is also marketed under the brand names Arcatamin, Arnion, Enerion, Megastene, Pymeacolion, or Surmenalit.

The origin of sulbutiamine can be traced back to Japan, where beriberi, a nervous system condition marked by a thiamine deficiency, was prevalent until the 20th century. After Japanese naval physician Takaki Kanehiro noted a possible link between vitamin deficiency and diet, thiamine was discovered in the mid-1930s. Further work led to the development of allithiamine in 1951, which was the first thiamine derivative used to treat vitamin deficiencies.

Also known as thiamine allyl disulfide (TAD), allithiamine occurs naturally in garlic and is considered a form of B vitamin that dissolves readily in water-soluble organic compounds known as lipids.Sulbutiamine first appeared in the mid-1970s. It was designed to provide a derivative with greater lipophilicity due to the compound’s ability to dissolve in lipids.

Sulbutiamine is usually available as a 200 milligram tablet to be taken three times daily by mouth. Thus, the most common dosage is 600 mg. In a report published in 2005 in the book Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry , a team of French medical researchers recommends a therapeutic dosage of 850 mg for patients weighing at least 150 pounds (68 kg).Ultimately, dosage recommendations vary widely, and sulbutiamine is also available in capsule or powder form.

Some people who take sulbutiamine may develop mild skin allergies, and some older patients in particular may have mild anxiety or nervousness. In 2006, World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a 2006 article based on a study of a patient with bipolar disorder, which indicated that overuse of the drug could cause complications.However, there are several side effects associated with sulbutiamine.

Sulbutiamine is available in over 30 countries, mainly in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. These include Colombia, India, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Nigeria, Syria, and Vietnam. However, as a rule, the drug does not have a broad legal status. In addition, it is unknown if it will be manufactured or marketed in the United States, where it has not yet received FDA approval.

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Sulbutiamine nootropic is unique in that it strengthens your body and brain. Sulbutiamine supports the central nervous system as well as the muscular and digestive systems and plays a key role in the flow of electrolytes through the body.

In addition, sulbutiamine has powerful nootropic properties, making it a reliable and frequently used tool in the neurohacker’s arsenal.

Today, we’ll take a closer look at everything there is to know about sulbutiamine, including dosage, benefits, and more.

What is Sulbutiamine?

Sulbutiamine is a synthetic analogue of vitamin B1 (thiamine). Thiamin was the first B vitamin discovered by scientists, hence the nickname B1. This vitamin plays a key role in many aspects of your overall health and is found in some foods.

But thiamine is poorly absorbed, since it is difficult for it to overcome the blood-brain barrier.Without the right diet or supplementation, a lack of thiamine can lead to serious health risks. One such crisis is when we first found ourselves on sulbutiamine. During World War II, both Japanese soldiers and civilians developed a deadly disease known as beriberi, which is caused by a vitamin B1 deficiency.

Unfortunately, one intake of thiamine was not enough to treat the disease due to the poor bioavailability of this vitamin. Scientists have created a synthetic version of thiamine known as sulbutiamine.By combining two molecules of vitamin B1 together, scientists were able to create a fat-soluble analogue of vitamin B1 that had greater bioavailability. Health problems were prevented.

So sulbutiamine is just two thiamine molecules that are chemically bonded to each other. Sulbutiamine crosses the blood-brain barrier more easily, allowing the body to use each dose much more efficiently than regular thiamine.

Today, thiamine and sulbutiamine are practically interchangeable, and throughout this article we will refer to both by their names.

Benefits of Sulbutiamine

In addition to helping prevent fatal diseases like beriberi, sulbutiamine offers a wide range of benefits for your body as well as your brain. It is also used clinically as an adjunct to the treatment of a wide range of diseases and ailments, from AIDS to ulcers.

Like all B vitamins, thiamine helps convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats to glucose for energy.These vitamins are critical for our liver, eyes, nails and hair, and support the functions of the brain and nervous system.

Sulbutiamine may even help treat a form of erectile dysfunction known as psychogenic erectile dysfunction. In a recent study, most of those who received sulbutiamine for 30 days experienced a marked improvement in symptoms.

Sulbutiamine is not only beneficial for your overall health, but there are some powerful nootropic properties associated with this supplement.

90,000 CHLORPROTIXEN TAB. P / P / O 15MG No. 30

The most common adverse reactions that can occur in more than 10% of patients are dry mouth, increased salivation, drowsiness and dizziness.

Most of the side effects depend on the dose of the drug used. The incidence of side effects and their severity are most pronounced at the beginning of treatment and decrease as therapy continues.

Information on the incidence of side effects is presented on the basis of literature data and spontaneous reports.

The frequency of adverse reactions listed below was determined according to the classification of the World Health Organization: very often (1/10), often (from 1/100 to

Disorders from the blood and lymphatic system : rarely – thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis

Immune system disorders : rarely – hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reactions.

Disorders from the endocrine system : rarely – hyperprolactinemia.

Metabolic and nutritional disorders : often – increased appetite, weight gain, infrequently – decreased appetite, weight loss, rarely – hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance.

Mental disorders : often – insomnia, nervousness, agitation, decreased libido.

Disorders from the nervous system : very often – drowsiness, dizziness, often – dystonia, headache, infrequently – tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, convulsions, akathisia, very rarely – neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Violations of the organ of vision : often – violation of accommodation, visual impairment, infrequently – involuntary movements of the eyeballs.

Heart disorders : often – tachycardia, palpitations, rarely – lengthening of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram.

Vascular disorders: infrequently – arterial hypotension, flushing of the face with a feeling of heat, very rarely – venous thromboembolism.

Disorders of the respiratory system, chest and mediastinal organs : rarely – shortness of breath.

Disorders from the gastrointestinal tract: very often – dry mouth, increased salivation, often – constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, infrequently – vomiting, diarrhea.

Disorders of the liver and biliary tract: infrequently – changes in laboratory parameters of liver function, very rarely – jaundice.

Disorders from the skin and subcutaneous tissues: often – increased sweating, infrequently – skin rash, itching, photosensitivity, dermatitis.

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders : often – myalgia, infrequently – muscle rigidity.

Disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract : infrequently – urinary retention, painful urination.

Pregnancy, postpartum and perinatal conditions : unknown – neonatal withdrawal syndrome.

Violations of the genitals and mammary gland : infrequently – ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, rarely – gynecomastia, galactorrhea, amenorrhea.

General disorders and disorders at the injection site: often – asthenia, fatigue.

Extrapyramidal disorders may occur, especially in the early stages of treatment. In most cases, these side effects are successfully controlled by dose reduction and / or the use of antiparkinsonian medications. However, the routine use of antiparkinsonian drugs to prevent side effects is not recommended. They do not relieve tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them.A dose reduction or, if possible, discontinuation of chlorprothixene treatment is recommended.

Benzodiazepines or propranolol may be helpful for persistent akathisia.

When taking chlorprothixene, as with other antipsychotics, the following rare side effects have also been reported: prolongation of the QT interval, ventricular arrhythmias – ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, sudden death and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia of the 900 pirouette type ( Torsade de64) …

Against the background of the use of antipsychotics, cases of priapism have been recorded – a prolonged erection, usually painful, which can lead to erectile dysfunction. The frequency of this phenomenon is unknown (see section Special instructions).

Abrupt discontinuation of chlorprothixene may be accompanied by withdrawal reactions. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, sweating, myalgia, paresthesia, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, and agitation.Patients may also experience dizziness, additional warmth and coldness, and tremors. Symptoms usually begin within 1-4 days after withdrawal and improve within 7-14 days.

90,000 Best Nootropics for 2020

Best Nootropics of 2020

You get the idea. There are so many things that can go wrong with the human brain. And a group of neurohackers will offer a variety of opinions on the best solution for each goal.

But take a step back and you will notice something.People usually sort their brain-hacking targets into several well-defined categories. Then they look for the best nootropic to address each of them.

Another thing we quickly learn is that there is no “one pill” for cognitive optimization. It often takes a ‘stack’ of several additives to get where we want to go.

And our categories and the list look something like this …

1) Speed of processing, decision making, focus, flow and thinking:

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (Alkar), Aniracetam, Caffeine, CDP-Choline, Lion’s Mane Mushroom, NALT, B-Complex

2) Teach & Memory:

Aniracetam, Bacopa Monieri, CDP-choline, DHA, L-theanine, phosphatidylserine (PS), pine bark extract

3) Anxiety & Depression:

Aniracetam, CDP-choline, Bacopa Monieri, L-theanine, Rhodiola rosea, Sulbutiamine, B-complex

4) Energy & Motivation:

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Alpha Lipoic Acid, Caffeine, CDP-Choline, Rhodiola, CoQ10, PQQ

5) Repair And Maintenance Of The Brain

Acetyl-L-carnitine (Alkar), Aniracetam, caffeine, CDP-choline, DHA, phosphatidylserine (PS), Vinpocetine, Rhodiola rosea, pine bark extract

Full Brain Optimization

I have a couple of new favorite nootropics this year after 13 years of trial and error.And chances are, what works for me may work well for you. The nootropics I’m talking about here are what I use every day.

You will notice in the categories above that some nootropics work in multiple areas of cognitive improvement. This means fewer nootropics in a well-rounded pile.

And once you dive into the neuroscience behind each nootropic, you will discover synergies with how many of these ingredients work together.This can result in smaller doses of each for more benefits.

Brain Optimization comes with a lot of experimentation to find what works best. Trying different formulations, keeping a log of what works and how well, and a significant investment.

Naturally, I’m looking for how to save money without cutting corners. So once I’ve narrowed down my selection of stacks, the search begins for quality off-the-shelf nootropic stacks that will save me the hassle of buying individual nootropics.

Luckily, I found what I think is the best pre-made nootropic stack at the end of 2015. Which uses most of the nootropics I’ve picked for my stack.

Before I go into detail on how my stack works, here are what many of our fellow biohackers around the world consider to be the best nootropics available in 2020.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Aniracetam

Bacopa Monieri

b-complex

CDP-choline

Coconut and oil MCT

Caffeine

DHA

Mushroom with lion’s mane

Lithium Orotate

L-Theanine

N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT)

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

Pine Bark Extract

Rhodiola Rosea

Sulbutiamine

Vinpocetine

7 Secrets of the Best Nootropic Stack

Define Your Goals – It is imperative to define exactly what you are trying to achieve with nootropics.

This can be to improve learning and memory, eliminate brain fog, combat anxiety or depression, improve concentration, or increase energy and motivation.

Next, decide if “all natural” nootropics are important to you. Or you may find it convenient to use synthetic compounds like racetams. Either option is good.

But the more we learn about nootropics that have been used for thousands of years to improve cognitive performance. The more we realize that natural compounds are often as good as some modern synthetic or prescription drugs.

Listen to your body – as you gain more experience with nootropics, you will find that you are more in tune with your brain and body and how you feel than ever before.

Sometimes you will know within an hour of accepting something how well (or not) it works. Sometimes it takes days or even weeks before you can decide if something works the way you thought it would.

Dosages are the key – Dosage recommendations based on personal experience and clinical trials.

Each nootropic has a u-shaped response curve. And Synergy when taken with other nootropics in your stack. It’s never better again. And too much of a single nootropic can be dangerous.

As you gain experience, you will also realize that some off the shelf nootropic stacks just don’t make sense. The amount is well below the therapeutic dose to anticipate any reasonable benefit.

The simplest thing is to intelligently understand from the start that sometimes all you need to boost your memory is a good B-complex supplement.Or use 1000 mg DHA. This approach is less expensive than trying out the latest racetam first. And you can surprise yourself.

What is your level of risk? – Are you comfortable experimenting with compounds that have only been “officially” tested on animals? Or do most clinical trials take place in a foreign language?

How important is it to you to optimize your brain? Would you risk shortening your life by several years in order to optimize cognitive functions? Only you can decide.

Flexibility – Flexibility is key when experimenting with nootropics. Understand that it can sometimes cost $ 50 or $ 100 just to find out that something is not working for you. Or your favorite nootropic is suddenly no longer available. Or your favorite supplier has gone out of business.

And understand that no one is the master of the art and science of nootropics. Don’t believe anything I say. Find out for yourself if something is true. And change course when you need it if you want to achieve your neurohacking goals.

Next, we’ll take a closer look at each of the nootropics recommended above that I use every day.

Each of these nootropics is generally considered safe and non-toxic at the recommended dosage. But your mileage may vary. How you react to each of these compounds depends on many variables, including:

Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Alkar helps transport fatty acids to mitochondria, where they are needed for energy metabolism.feeding your cells with “energy settings” can increase physical and mental energy.

Alkar is an essential cofactor for the synthesis of acetylcholine which increases memory, mental alertness and fluidity of thought.

The antioxidant properties of Acetyl-L-Carnitine provide neuroprotective properties, increase the production of brain nerve growth factor (BDNF) and promote cerebral circulation.

Aniracetam

Aniracetam is one of the best nootropics available today.It is well known among experienced nootropic users for reducing anxiety, depression, fear, and improving sociability.

Aniracetam enhances your brain’s ability to repair damaged cell membranes. It desensitizes the glutamate (Amra) receptors in your brain. which enhances neural signaling, increasing the effectiveness of glutamate. This leads to better focus and concentration.

Aniracetam also improves memory and recall by releasing 200-300% more acetylcholine in your brain.which increases focus and clarity of thought.

And I found that the combination of Aniracetam and Sulbutiamine is better than any antidepressant that I have even tried.

Bacopa Monieri

Bacopa Monieri is one of the best nootropics to study. Researchers at Banaras Hindu University in India have shown that Bacopa is as effective for anxiety as the benzodiazepine drug lorazepam. And unlike benzodiazepines, Bacopa did not cause memory loss.But in fact, it enhanced cognition.

Another study from Portland Oregon found that 300 mg of bacopa per day for 12 weeks gives:

Improved memory of words
Increased attention
Enhanced memory
Improved focus during learning
Reduced anxiety and heart rate

Caffeine

Caffeine is an adenosine antagonist that helps prevent drowsiness. And in turn, it affects acetylcholine, adrenaline (adrenaline), serotonin and increases the use of dopamine.Providing the stimulating effect experienced when drinking caffeine.

Caffeine contributes to the expression of genes for brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which stimulates neurogenesis.

And caffeine increases the density of GABA receptors, potentiates dopamine and makes some serotonin receptors more responsive. Which, in turn, improves mood within an hour after consumption.

CDP-choline

A valuable addition to any big nootropic stack, CDP-Choline is a multi-tasking agent that improves cognitive and brain function, improves concentration and motivation, and reduces fatigue.

CDP-choline assists in the synthesis of acetylcholine and the release of dopamine. Both neurotransmitters are involved in learning and memory.

CDP-Choline also helps in the repair of brain cell membranes. The cytidine in CDP-choline is converted to uridine in your body. And it works as a bridge between the synthesis of choline and the neuron membrane. Uridine is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), which is essential for the repair of damaged neuronal membranes.

Choline is so important for cognition and nervous function that without it we would not be able to move, think, sleep or remember anything.And one of the best ways to provide your brain and body with the choline it needs is to supplement it with CDP-Choline.

+ DHA

best nootropics for studying DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are omega-3 fatty acids. DHA is critical to the healthy structure and function of your brain. Your brain is 60% fat. And most of that fat is DHA.

DHA may include brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Improved neuroplasticity leads to better learning and memory.DHA acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by decreasing the activity of the COX-2 enzyme.

If you suffer from chronic depression, within a few weeks after adding DHA to your nootropic stack, you should feel the depression rise. Your knowledge will be better. You will think clearer and faster. Your memory and learning ability will improve. And you are more likely to have more energy and motivation.

But it’s very likely that you don’t think of attributing these improvements to adding DHA to your stack.

Lion’s Mane

Lion’s Mane Mushroom is an ancient Chinese remedy for improving cognitive function and overall health.

In our modern world, lion’s mane makes it one of the best nootropic stacks. Why?

Because lion’s mane stimulates the production of an enzyme that releases Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). it stimulates the regeneration and creation of neurons (neurogenesis). Strengthening neurotransmitters and signals that affect memory, learning, memory and mood.

A lion’s mane helps to get rid of brain fog. Recovery of memory and mental alertness. And reduces the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Lion’s Mane is a great compliment to any nootropic stack including Aniracetam, CDP-Choline and DHA (Omega-3) for immediate cognitive boost.

Lithium Orotate

Lithium is an alkaline mineral considered essential for human reproductive health as well as general health and wellness.Microdosing lithium using lithium orotate has become one of the best additions I’ve made to my Nootropic Stack in recent years.

Lithium soothes you by decreasing the sensitivity of postsynaptic norepinephrine receptors. preventing the release of this neurotransmitter to quickly stabilize mood and reduce aggression.

Lithium regulates brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and their receptors.And lithium stimulates the proliferation of stem cells in the brain. All this enhances neurogenesis and helps in recovery from all types of traumatic brain injury.

Lithium increases the gray matter of the brain, increases DNA replication for neurogenesis, prevents apoptosis, increases N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), inhibits beta-amyloid secretion and protects against damage after its formation, chelates aluminum and protects against glutamate toxicity.

Lithium has a calming effect on both healthy people and those dealing with depression, bipolar disorder and mania.

Numerous studies around the world have shown that adequate lithium levels reduce the risk of suicide.

Some say lithium orotate works better than any prescription they’ve ever tried for severe depression.

Lithium Orotate may be one of the most effective and least expensive supplements to your nootropic stack this year. Highly recommended.

N-acetyl L-tyrosine (NALT)

N-acetyl L-tyrosine produces the catecholamine triad of neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline.As your dopamine levels rise, you will be able to concentrate better, organize your thoughts, and stay productive.

NALT may be an effective treatment for ADHD symptoms. NALT works in synergy with pharmaceuticals such as Ritalin and Adderall to increase extracellular dopamine levels. By helping these medicines be more effective. And mitigating side effects such as accidents when the stimulant wears off.

N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine also improves memory and cognition in acute stress.it helps improve decision making, flow state and creativity, cognitive flexibility and working memory.

NALT is a great addition to any nootropic stack, especially if you are dealing with ADHD or ADD.

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

Phosphatidylserine is one of the best nootropics because:

PS assists in the efficient transport of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, oxygen and glucose to and from each cell
PS participates in the formation and transmission of signals within neurons
PS promotes healthy nerve growth factor (NGF)
PS supports neurogenesis necessary for long-term potentiation (LTP)
PS promotes healthy mitochondria, which are the energy centers of brain cells
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is arguably one of the most effective and important nootropics we have today.It has a reputation for enhancing alertness, attention, cognition, memory, memory and mood.

Pine Bark Extract

Pine Bark Extract – One of the best nootropics in the world, but relatively unknown to the nootropic community. It is a natural standardized extract of French Maritime Pine Bark.

Pine Bark Extract helps prevent a decrease in dopamine, norepinephrine and the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to GSH disulfide reductase (GSSG-R).Neurotransmitter problems that contribute to hyperactivity in ADHD.

Pine Bark Extract helps to increase blood flow to and within the brain. increasing nitric oxide (NO), which helps dilate blood vessels. It also helps to restore and maintain the health of the blood vessel mucosa. Critical to overall brain health, maintaining signaling pathways, and supporting improved learning and memory.

A pine bark extract prevents the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins.Which can reduce the risk of diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease.

Rhodiola Rosea

In Russia, Rhodiola rosea is widely used as a remedy for fatigue, poor concentration and memory loss. It is also believed to make workers more productive.

As one of the best nootropics in the world, this adaptogen helps reduce stress and fatigue, increase energy, alertness and stamina while improving mental performance during periods of chronic stress.

Research shows that Rhodiola rosea can increase attention to detail-oriented tasks, improving concentration over an extended period of time. Which makes it one of the best nootropics to study.

Rhodiola rosea improves mood by affecting the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in your brain, as well as good opioids such as beta-endorphins. It also helps in neurogenesis by rebuilding and growing new neurons. It also activates the synthesis and re-synthesis of ATP, the main source of energy for your body and brain cells.

Another reason to add Rhodiola rosea to your nootropic stack is that it helps reduce inflammatory C-reactive protein. And salidroside, one of the many ingredients in this incredible herb, protects neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death.

Sulbutiamine

Sulbutiamine is one of the best nootropics in my stack. It is a synthetic derivative of vitamin B1 (thiamine). Two molecules of vitamin B1 linked together help thiamine cross the blood-brain barrier more easily.

Sulbutiamine is directly involved in the citric acid cycle, which provides energy to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in your mitochondria. It has been shown to improve glutamatergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic neurological transmission. It can also increase the density of dopamine D1 receptors.

Sulbutiamine also contributes to the production of the enzyme PDH, which is essential for the synthesis of acetylcholine.

I love this nootropic because it enhances cognition, memory, decision making, improves athletic performance, reduces chronic fatigue and erectile dysfunction, and is one of the best antidepressants I have ever used.

L-theanine

L-Theanine is an amino acid that occurs naturally in green and oolong tea. It is considered by many to be the best nootropic when combined with caffeine for a synergistic effect of lowering blood pressure, rejuvenating and relaxing, enhancing thinking ability, improving concentration and changing mood.

This amazing amino acid:

Increases Alpha brain waves (8-12 Hz), promoting relaxation of alertness.
Increases the levels of GABA, serotonin and dopamine in your brain. Creating an invigorating and soothing effect helps you get in the flow. As well as improving cognitive abilities and memory.
It is an NMDA receptor antagonist and can inhibit synaptic glutamate release. Protecting your brain from overstimulation caused by glutamate and possible glutamate toxicity.
Increases the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and GABA in your brain. As well as an increase in brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF).
Most neurohackers report a calming effect within 30-45 minutes after taking L-theanine. Cognitive performance gets kicked in and energy levels rise without the nervousness caused by stimulants like caffeine.

Some report that L-theanine stopped their anxiety and panic attacks. (But avoid combining it with anti-anxiety medications such as Xanax®).

Vinpocetine

Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of the lesser periwinkle plant known to enhance cerebral circulation, tame inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhance alertness, cognition, concentration, memory and mood.

Vinpocetine inhibits the PDE1 enzyme, which increases cerebral blood flow. It blocks the accumulation of sodium in neurons, reduces the toxic effects of oxidative stress, scavenges free radicals, and protects neurons from glutamate and NMDA toxicity.

And by inhibiting PDE1, Vinpocetine increases cAMP and cGMP, increasing neuroplasticity, which improves cognitive performance and memory.

Vitamin B-Complex

The B vitamins that should be part of every nootropic stack include:

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) – required for the production of ATP for mitochondria
Vitamin B3 (niacin) – used in the synthesis of acetylcholine
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) – required for the synthesis of acetylcholine
Vitamin B6 (P-5-P) – required for synthesis dopamine, adrenaline, GABA, melatonin, norepinephrine and serotonin [xxvii]
Vitamin B8 (inositol) – regulates cell volume, signaling pathways in brain cells, DNA repair, long-term potentiation, a component of cell membranes, regulates cellular metabolism and cellular energy consumption
Vitamin B9 (folate) – participates in DNA and RNA synthesis, gene expression , the synthesis of amino acids, the synthesis and repair of myelin, and is also necessary for the synthesis of dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin.
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin) – Essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine and serotonin
You may not realize the full benefits of a nootropic stack containing CDP-choline, Acetyl-L-carnitine, any of the racetam, or any nootropic for that matter , without the addition of a good quality B-B complex. This is arguably the most important and least expensive addition to your stack.

Some nootropic supplement instructions recommend taking it with meals.The implication of this recommendation is that the nootropic is fat soluble. And it requires a certain amount of fat for proper absorption and increased bioavailability.

Each of the nootropics listed above has links to a complete review that includes information on solubility – fat soluble or water soluble.

To be on the “safe side,” I take one tablespoon of organic oil with my nootropic stack. But you can also use unrefined coconut oil.

This healthy oil provides the fat I need for better bioavailability. And I don’t have to worry about taking it with food.

Using MCT or coconut oil with my stack does not interfere with water soluble supplements either. This is a win-win.

Conclusion
If you are feeling disappointed to find your perfect stack, I hope this page contains the directions you need to build your best nootropic stack.

Every nootropic I’ve described on this page works.How should I know? Because I use them every single day.

But I’m not the only one. 10 thousand people like you and me have also found success with these nootropics.

I challenge you to try each of them in your nootropic stack in 2020. Or, save some money on your monthly supplement purchases and try some of the pre-designed stacks.

My attitude is that once I find a nootropic supplement company that makes a high quality product, I keep using them until something better comes along.

Until now, this has not happened. I am sure you will like and appreciate the ready-made nootropic stacks on this page.