What is polymorphic light eruption. How does it differ from prickly heat. What causes this skin condition. Who is most at risk of developing polymorphic light eruption. How can you manage and treat the symptoms. What are the best prevention strategies for this sun-induced rash.

Understanding Polymorphic Light Eruption: A Common Sun-Induced Skin Condition

Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is a prevalent skin condition triggered by exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) light. This sensitivity to UV radiation affects approximately 10% to 15% of the UK population, making it a significant concern for many individuals, especially during the spring and summer months.

The condition manifests as an itchy or burning rash that appears within hours or up to 2-3 days after sun exposure. The rash typically persists for up to two weeks before healing without scarring. While it can affect various parts of the body exposed to sunlight, the most common areas include the head, neck, chest, and arms. Interestingly, the face is not always affected.

Characteristics of the PLE Rash

The term “polymorphic” refers to the various forms the rash can take, which include:

• Crops of small, raised pink or red spots (2-5mm in size)
• Blisters that evolve into larger, dry patches resembling eczema
• Less commonly, target-like or “bulls-eye” patches similar to erythema multiforme

It’s worth noting that the redness may be less noticeable on brown and black skin tones. The severity of PLE can vary significantly among individuals, ranging from mild to severe cases.

Polymorphic Light Eruption vs. Prickly Heat: Key Differences

PLE is often mistaken for heat rash, also known as prickly heat. However, there are crucial differences between these two conditions:

• PLE is triggered by sunlight or UV light, while prickly heat results from warm weather or overheating.
• The skin affected by PLE can “harden” or desensitize over time, unlike prickly heat.

Understanding these distinctions is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The Impact of Sunlight Exposure on Polymorphic Light Eruption

The relationship between sun exposure and PLE can vary greatly among individuals. For some, the rash may occur rarely, while others experience it every time their skin is exposed to sunlight. The onset and severity of symptoms can also differ:

• In severe cases, as little as 20 minutes of sun exposure can trigger the rash.
• PLE can develop through thin clothing or even when sitting near a window.
• Most commonly, the rash appears after several hours of sun exposure on a sunny day.

If further sun exposure is avoided, the rash typically resolves within a couple of weeks without leaving any traces. However, continued sun exposure before the rash has healed can exacerbate the condition, causing it to worsen and spread.

For many individuals with PLE, the rash follows a seasonal pattern, emerging in spring and persisting throughout summer before subsiding in autumn.

Who is Most Susceptible to Polymorphic Light Eruption?

While PLE can affect anyone, certain demographic groups are more prone to developing this condition:

• Women are more frequently affected than men.
• Individuals with fair skin are particularly susceptible, although it can also occur in those with brown and black skin.
• The onset of PLE typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 40, but it can occasionally affect children as well.

Understanding these risk factors can help individuals take appropriate precautions and seek timely medical advice if symptoms occur.

The Underlying Causes of Polymorphic Light Eruption

The exact mechanism behind PLE is not fully understood, but researchers believe it involves an immune system response to changes in the skin caused by UV light exposure. When UV radiation alters a substance in the skin, the immune system reacts, leading to inflammation and the characteristic rash.

Is polymorphic light eruption hereditary? While PLE is not directly inherited, there appears to be a familial component. Approximately 20% of individuals with PLE have an affected relative, likely due to the condition’s overall prevalence in the population.

It’s important to note that PLE is not contagious, so there’s no risk of transmission from person to person.

Effective Management and Treatment Strategies for Polymorphic Light Eruption

While there is no cure for PLE, several approaches can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups:

Sun Protection and Avoidance

The primary strategy for managing PLE involves minimizing sun exposure and using appropriate sun protection:

• Avoid sun exposure, especially between 11 am and 3 pm when UV radiation is strongest.
• Wear protective clothing when outdoors.
• Gradually introduce your skin to sunlight in the spring to build tolerance.

Sunscreen Use

Proper sunscreen application is crucial for individuals with PLE:

• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50 or higher and a UVA rating of 4 or 5 stars.
• Apply sunscreen generously 15-30 minutes before sun exposure.
• Reapply every 2 hours and after swimming or excessive sweating.

Topical Treatments

For symptomatic relief, a healthcare provider may prescribe:

• Corticosteroid creams or ointments to be applied when the rash appears.
• These should be used sparingly and only as directed by a healthcare professional.

Phototherapy and Desensitization

In some cases, increasing skin resistance to UV light can be beneficial:

• Phototherapy involves controlled exposure to UV light in a clinical setting.
• This treatment typically requires 3 visits per week for 4-6 weeks in the spring.
• The effects of desensitization are temporary and need to be repeated annually.

Skin Hardening Techniques

Some individuals may benefit from at-home “hardening” techniques:

• Gradually increase sun exposure to build skin resistance.
• This should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Prevention Strategies: Minimizing the Risk of Polymorphic Light Eruption Flare-Ups

While complete prevention of PLE may not be possible for everyone, several strategies can help reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups:

Gradual Sun Exposure

Slowly acclimatizing your skin to sunlight can help build tolerance:

• Start with short periods of sun exposure in the spring.
• Gradually increase exposure time as your skin adapts.

Protective Clothing

Wearing appropriate clothing can provide a physical barrier against UV radiation:

• Choose tightly woven fabrics that block UV rays.
• Opt for long-sleeved shirts and wide-brimmed hats.
• Consider UV-protective swimwear for water activities.

Dietary Considerations

Some studies suggest that certain dietary changes may help manage PLE:

• Increase intake of antioxidant-rich foods like fruits and vegetables.
• Consider omega-3 fatty acid supplements, which may have anti-inflammatory properties.

Stress Management

Stress can potentially exacerbate PLE symptoms in some individuals:

• Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga.
• Ensure adequate sleep and maintain a balanced lifestyle.

Living with Polymorphic Light Eruption: Coping Strategies and Lifestyle Adjustments

Managing PLE often requires adapting your lifestyle to minimize sun exposure while still enjoying outdoor activities:

Planning Outdoor Activities

Thoughtful planning can help reduce the risk of PLE flare-ups:

• Schedule outdoor activities during early morning or late afternoon when UV radiation is less intense.
• Seek shade whenever possible, especially during peak sun hours.
• Use umbrellas or portable shade structures for extended outdoor stays.

Travel Considerations

For individuals with PLE, travel planning may require extra consideration:

• Choose destinations and travel dates that align with your skin’s tolerance levels.
• Pack appropriate sun protection gear, including high-SPF sunscreens and protective clothing.
• Research indoor activities or shaded areas at your destination to balance sun exposure.

Emotional Support

Living with PLE can be challenging, both physically and emotionally:

• Connect with support groups or online communities for individuals with PLE.
• Consider counseling if the condition significantly impacts your quality of life.
• Educate friends and family about your condition to foster understanding and support.

Workplace Accommodations

Depending on your occupation, you may need to discuss accommodations with your employer:

• Request workspace adjustments to minimize sun exposure through windows.
• Explore flexible scheduling options to avoid peak sun hours for outdoor work.
• Discuss the possibility of remote work during high-risk periods.

Advancements in Polymorphic Light Eruption Research and Treatment

While current treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing flare-ups, ongoing research aims to improve our understanding and treatment of PLE:

Genetic Studies

Researchers are investigating the genetic factors that may contribute to PLE susceptibility:

• Identifying specific genes associated with PLE could lead to more targeted treatments.
• Genetic testing may help predict individual risk and guide prevention strategies.

Novel Topical Treatments

Scientists are exploring new topical formulations to prevent and treat PLE:

• Antioxidant-rich creams may help neutralize the effects of UV radiation on the skin.
• Immune-modulating compounds could potentially reduce the inflammatory response in PLE.

Phototherapy Advancements

Improvements in phototherapy techniques may enhance its effectiveness for PLE management:

• Narrowband UVB therapy shows promise in building UV tolerance with fewer side effects.
• Combination therapies, such as phototherapy with oral antioxidants, are being studied for improved outcomes.

Systemic Treatments

For severe cases of PLE, researchers are investigating systemic therapies:

• Oral immunomodulators may help regulate the immune response in PLE.
• Antioxidant supplements are being studied for their potential to reduce UV-induced skin damage.

The Future of Polymorphic Light Eruption Management: Emerging Technologies and Personalized Approaches

As our understanding of PLE evolves, new technologies and personalized treatment strategies are emerging:

Wearable UV Sensors

Advanced UV monitoring devices can help individuals with PLE manage their sun exposure:

• Real-time UV tracking allows for more precise sun protection strategies.
• Personalized alerts can warn users when they approach their UV exposure threshold.

Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis

AI-powered tools may improve the accuracy and speed of PLE diagnosis:

• Machine learning algorithms could analyze skin images to differentiate PLE from similar conditions.
• AI-assisted risk assessment may help predict flare-ups based on environmental and personal factors.

Personalized Treatment Plans

Tailored approaches based on individual characteristics may enhance PLE management:

• Genetic profiling could inform customized prevention and treatment strategies.
• Skin microbiome analysis may reveal new targets for PLE intervention.

Smart Textiles

Innovative fabrics may offer improved protection for individuals with PLE:

• UV-responsive textiles that adapt their protective properties based on sun exposure.
• Clothing with built-in UV sensors to monitor cumulative sun exposure throughout the day.

As research in the field of photobiology and dermatology continues to advance, individuals with polymorphic light eruption can look forward to more effective management strategies and potentially new treatment options. While living with PLE can be challenging, a combination of current best practices, ongoing medical care, and emerging technologies offers hope for improved quality of life and greater freedom to enjoy outdoor activities.

By staying informed about the latest developments in PLE research and treatment, individuals can work closely with their healthcare providers to develop comprehensive management plans tailored to their specific needs. With continued advancements in understanding the underlying mechanisms of PLE and innovative approaches to prevention and treatment, the future holds promise for those affected by this common yet challenging skin condition.

Polymorphic light eruption – NHS

Polymorphic light eruption is a fairly common skin rash triggered by exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet (UV) light.

Symptoms of polymorphic light eruption

An itchy or burning rash appears within hours, or up to 2 to 3 days after exposure to sunlight.

It lasts for up to 2 weeks, healing without scarring.

The rash usually appears on the parts of the skin exposed to sunlight, typically the head, neck, chest and arms.

The face is not always affected.

The rash

Credit:

ISM/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/520428/view

The rash can take many different forms (polymorphic):

• you may get crops of 2mm to 5mm raised, pink or red spots, but redness may be harder to see on brown and black skin
• some people get blisters that turn into larger, dry patches – it looks a bit like eczema
• less commonly, the patches look like a target or “bulls-eye” (it looks a bit like erythema multiforme)

Polymorphic light eruption can be easily mistaken for heat rash (prickly heat).

Prickly heat is caused by warm weather or overheating, rather than sunlight or UV light.

The skin in prickly heat does not “harden” or desensitise, as it can do in polymorphic light eruption.

Polymorphic light eruption is thought to affect about 10% to 15% of the UK population.

Sunlight exposure

The rash may be a rare occurrence or may happen every time the skin is exposed to sunlight. It ranges from mild to severe.

Sometimes as little as 20 minutes of sun exposure is enough to cause the problem, and it can even develop through thin clothing or if you’re sitting near a window.

But for most people with polymorphic light eruption, the rash develops after several hours outside on a sunny day.

If further sun is avoided, the rash may settle and disappear without a trace within a couple of weeks.

It may or may not return when skin is re-exposed to sunlight.

If the skin is exposed to more sunlight before the rash has cleared up, it’ll probably get much worse and spread.

For many people with polymorphic skin eruption, the rash appears every spring and remains a problem throughout summer before settling down by autumn.

Who’s affected

Polymorphic light eruption is more common in women than men.

It particularly affects people who have white skin, although it can also affect those with brown and black skin.

It usually starts between the ages of 20 and 40, although it sometimes affects children.

Causes of polymorphic light eruption

Polymorphic light eruption is thought to be caused by UV light altering a substance in the skin, which the immune system reacts to, resulting in the skin becoming inflamed.

It’s not passed down through families, but about 1 in 5 people with the condition have an affected relative as it’s a fairly common condition.

It’s not infectious, so there’s no risk of catching polymorphic light eruption from another person.

Treatments for polymorphic light eruption

There’s no cure for polymorphic light eruption, but using sunscreens and careful avoidance of the sun will help you manage the rash.

Avoid the sun, particularly between 11am and 3pm when the sun’s rays are at their strongest, and wear protective clothing when outdoors (unless your doctor has advised you to try hardening your skin).

Introduce your skin to sunlight gradually in the spring.

Sunscreen

You may be prescribed sunscreens to help prevent the rash developing.

Use a sunscreen that is SPF 50 or above with a UVA rating of 4 or 5 stars. Apply sunscreen thickly and evenly around 15 to 30 minutes before going out into the sun

Reapply every 2 hours and straight after you’ve dried yourself off after swimming.

Steroid creams and ointments 

A GP can prescribe corticosteroid (steroid) cream or ointment that’s only applied when the rash appears.

You should apply it sparingly, as often as the GP advises. Do not apply it when there’s no rash.

Desensitisation or UV treatment

It’s sometimes possible to increase the resistance of your skin to the sun.

This involves visiting a hospital dermatology department 3 times a week for 4 to 6 weeks in the spring.

Your skin is gradually exposed to a little more UV light every visit to try to build up your skin’s resistance.

The effects of desensitisation are lost in the winter, so you’ll have to build up your resistance again in the spring.

Hardening or toughening

A GP or dermatologist may advise you to try increasing the resistance of your skin at home.

This is known as “hardening” and involves going outside for short periods in the spring to build up your resistance.

You might find the time is as short as a few minutes at first, but you may be able to gradually build up to longer times.

You’ll have to be careful not to overdo it but, as you begin to understand more about how much light triggers your rash, you’ll be able to judge how long to stay out.

Like desensitisation, the effects of hardening are lost in the winter, so you’ll have to build up your resistance again in the spring.

Vitamin D

People with polymorphic light eruption are at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency, as a certain amount of sun exposure is needed to make your own vitamin D.

A GP can advise whether you need treatment with vitamin D supplements.

Outlook

Many people with polymorphic light eruption find their skin improves over the years.

Your skin may harden (become more resistant to sunlight) during the summer, which means more sun can be tolerated without your skin reacting.

The rash may even eventually clear up on its own, although this is unusual.

Hardening of the skin does not always happen, and some people with very sensitive skin may even get the rash in the winter.

For these people, it may be a long-term condition to manage with lifestyle changes and creams.

Page last reviewed: 28 July 2021
Next review due: 28 July 2024

Sun Poisoning 101 | MedExpress

August 23, 2022

You’ve heard of the term, but do you know what sun poisoning really is? It actually has nothing to do with poisoning and more to do with an allergic reaction on the skin from the sun. It’s a sun-induced rash in those who have developed sensitivity to sunlight. It typically appears as an itchy rash in sun-exposed areas hours to days after sun exposure and lasts several days before disappearing. Here’s your guide to the signs and treatment of sun poisoning and how you can prevent it.

Polymorphic Light Eruption (Sun Poisoning Rash)

The most common rash caused by sunlight is sun poisoning, also known as polymorphic light eruption (PMLE). It can take many distinct forms depending on your sensitivity to the sun. PMLE is a rash that develops as a result of sun exposure and is typically characterized by small, red bumps or slightly elevated patches of skin that are extremely itchy. Indeed, as previously stated, PMLE is a kind of photodermatoses, which is an unusual reaction to sunlight, most commonly the ultraviolet (UV) rays.

A PMLE rash is going to be an itchy rash that typically presents the same way in an individual each time they are sun exposed. Sun poisoning can start with the soreness you associate with a typical sunburn and be mistaken for it when you notice the red shoulder or thigh that goes white when you press your finger across it. After a few hours, however, things can start to go wrong when a scorching rash appears on your skin that itches and burns like crazy. While less likely, you may experience chills and/or become exceedingly thirsty. You might even feel nauseous. These are some of the signs and symptoms of sun poisoning. Polymorphic light eruption is brought on by UV radiation changing a substance in the skin, to which the immune system responds by inflaming the skin.²

Anyone can get PMLE, although it’s more common for people with lighter color skin and hair. The people most at risk of getting sun burn or poisoning are people with Fitzpatrick skin type 1. The Fitzpatrick skin types scale was created in 1975. It’s the system that classifies skin types according to the amount of pigment your skin has and your skin’s reaction to sun exposure. The Fitzpatrick skin type 1 is commonly recognized as an ivory skin color, light blue, light green, or light gray eyes and is typically paired with red or light blonde hair. The sun’s reaction on this skin type is normally to freckle, burn or peel when exposed. Women are nearly four times as likely to experience PMLE than males. Although the symptoms could appear at any age, they usually appear between the ages of 20 and 40. Additionally, it happens more commonly in areas with greater elevations and temperate climates.

Sun Poisoning Symptoms

We’ve all heard about sun poisoning, but how easy is it to identify when you have it? It usually presents itself as an itchy rash that occurs on sun exposed areas (arms, hands, chest, legs, feet), usually within hours of sun exposure. It can be similar to other allergic rashes, but usually resembles previous episodes in the same individual. Rarely, symptoms such as fever, headache, and nausea may be present. It can also take a few hours or days for the redness and discomfort of the rash to appear. There’s individual variation in the amount of UV exposure required to trigger PMLE, which can be different for everyone. However, the risk of developing the rash, and serious sunburns, goes up if you stay in the sun for long periods of time. That is especially true when not properly wearing sunscreen.

The exact cause of PMLE isn’t known. However, people who have a heightened sensitivity to sunlight, particularly UV radiation from the sun or other sources like tanning beds, get the rash. The term for this is photosensitivity. It triggers immune system activity, which results in an itchy rash. Polymorphic means “many forms,” and PMLE can look different for different people. Sun poisoning rash can manifest itself in a variety of ways (depending on the severity). These may include the following:

• Skin redness and blistering
• Severe bumpy rash
• Pain and tingling
• Swelling and intense itching
• Headache
• Fever and chills
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Dehydration

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s critical that you drink lots of water and electrolytes to stay hydrated and alert. If you’re feeling sick, nauseated, dizzy, or otherwise ill, it’s likely that you’re severely dehydrated and should seek medical attention. If you spot any oozing, increased redness, or streaking, it could indicate a developing infection and medical attention should also be sought immediately.

What is the Difference Between Sunburn and Sun Poison?

It’s sometimes difficult to distinguish between sunburn and sun poisoning. Sunburn is an acute injury to skin, resulting from sun exposure that can vary in severity. Sun poisoning is a recurrent condition that occurs in susceptible individuals due to an allergic response to UV rays. A sunburn is a temporary redness of the skin that goes away after a few days.

It’s probably sunburn if it’s smooth and is most likely sun poisoning if it is lumpy. A sunburn usually goes away after a few days, but a PMLE rash typically lasts longer. After you have been exposed to the sun for an extended period of time without adequate protection, blisters or a solar rash are common symptoms, though the severity varies depending on the person and amount of exposure. PMLE is likely in those that tend to break out in similar, itchy rashes each year after sun exposure. However, it may be a good idea to see your medical professional as they can help make the diagnosis and rule out other causes.

How Can You Prevent Sun Poisoning?

The best way to avoid symptoms of PMLE is by taking steps to prevent it. It all starts with following the basics of sun safety. Wear sunscreen with at least an SPF of 30 and the words “broad-spectrum” on the label, which implies it protects against both UVA and UVB rays from the sun. Apply it to your entire body 15 to 30 minutes before going outside in the sun. Reapply at least every two hours and after being in the water or sweating. PMLE can also be caused by sunlight through a window so make sure to wear sunscreen inside and outside.

It’s also a good idea to limit your sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., and keep in mind that water, snow and sand can magnify the sun’s harmful rays. Yes, that’s right – sunburn isn’t just a concern for the summertime! Protect yourself by using sunglasses, a hat, and protective gear. We recommend covering up with long sleeves or a broad-brimmed hat if you’re going to be out in the sun for an extended amount of time.

Last but not least, don’t rely solely on sunscreen and other forms of UV protection to keep you safe from the sun. Move to a shady spot if you start to burn or if your skin becomes red, bumpy, or irritated from the sun.

Sun Poisoning Treatment

Depending on the degree of the burn, sun poisoning can continue for weeks. You can also face the danger of getting an infection if you scratch or pick at the burn. If you detect any bleeding or oozing, you should seek medical attention because it could be an indication of infection and require proper care.

The majority of sunburns and sun poisoning can be treated at home. Some methods for reducing pain or discomfort include:

• Rehydrate with water, electrolyte-containing beverages or IV fluids.
• Use a cool (but not freezing) compress, cool baths, aloe vera gel or steroid cream to soothe the sore area.
• Avoid scratching or bursting blisters.
• Exfoliate peeling skin gently.
• Additional sun exposure should be avoided.
• Ibuprofen or naproxen can help relieve discomfort and reduce swelling.
• Apply an anti-itch cream or take an oral antihistamine.
• Protect the rash from any more sun exposure and stay covered up.

With repeated exposure, sensitivity to sunlight decreases in polymorphous light eruption. Some characteristics of polymorphous light eruption are predictable:

• After a prolonged period of no exposure to the sun, such as in the spring or early summer, an episode is most likely to happen after the first one or two exposures.
• The duration of episodes decreases as the summer goes on.
• After the first occurrence, it probably occurs yearly. Over several years, some people progressively lose their sensitivity and eventually stop getting the yearly rash.

While sunburn can be managed at home, sun poisoning may need medical attention. If you are experiencing any severe symptoms of discomfort, our friendly medical team is available to treat you and get you back to feeling better. Our neighborhood medical centers are open from 8 to 8, seven days a week with no appointment necessary.

References:

1 Healthline: Overview of Polymorphous Light Eruption (Sun Allergy). Last updated May 9, 2022. Accessed May 14, 2022.

2 NHS: Polymorphic light eruption. Last updated July 28, 2021. Accessed May 14, 2022.

3 Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services LLC: Polymorphous light eruption. Last updated March 25, 2021. Accessed May 14, 2022.

4 Mayo Clinic: Polymorphous light eruption. Last updated March 15, 2022. Accessed May 14, 2022.

5 Healthline: Sun Poisoning. Last updated on September 28, 2018. Accessed May 14, 2022.

Sunburn symptoms, sunburn treatment folk remedies

It is widely believed that sunburn is just a minor nuisance that is not worth much attention. However, this concept is erroneous, because in addition to discomfort and pain, sunburn can lead to skin cancer. A direct link between sun exposure and the development of malignant melanoma has long been proven.

What is sunburn?

Sunburn is red, sometimes swollen and painful skin caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun. Sunburn can range from mild to severe.

The degree depends on the type of skin and the amount of sun exposure. In total, there are 6 types of skin according to the degree of sensitivity.

Types 1 and 2: High sensitivity.

The first type are blond or redheads with very fair (pale or milky white) skin (possibly freckled) that never tans. Such people can get burned by being under the midday summer sun for less than half an hour.

Type 2 skin slightly darker, slightly tanned, but burns easily if exposed to the sun for a short time.

Types 3 and 4: Medium sensitivity.

Third skin type (Central European) – darker than skin type 2. Being in the sun, its owners can get a moderate burn or a light brown tan.

Type four leather olive color, low burn risk. Tans well to medium brown.

Types 5 and 6: Low sensitivity

Type 5 skin dark. Burns are rare, tan is dark.

People with skin type six have very dark skin and never burn.

Sunburn symptoms

Sunburn symptoms appear a couple of hours after exposure to the sun. However, it may take up to 24 hours for the full effect of skin damage to appear. Long-term damage, such as an increased risk of skin cancer, may take years to appear.

They include:

• pain;
• redness of the skin;
• edema;
• blisters;
• nausea;
• chills or fever;
• temperature increase.

The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of skin damage.

Mild sunburn

Mild sunburn is usually accompanied by redness and slight pain and may last three to five days. In the last couple of days, the skin may peel off a little as it regenerates.

Moderate sunburn

Moderate sunburn is usually more painful. The skin becomes red, swollen and hot to the touch. It usually takes about a week for complete healing. The skin may then continue to peel off for a few more days.

Severe sunburn

Severe sunburn sometimes requires a visit to a doctor or even a hospital. Painful blisters and very red skin appear. Full recovery may take up to two weeks.

What is the risk of sunburn?

Intense sun exposure that causes sunburn increases the risk of other skin damage and diseases. These include premature aging of the skin (photoaging), precancerous skin lesions, and skin cancer.

Skin photoaging.

Sun exposure causes premature skin aging and wrinkles. It happens like this:

Sunlight destroys the collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, which make it supple and smooth.

Damaged skin loses its ability to regenerate itself.

Premature aging (photoaging) occurs.

Negative effects of UV radiation on the skin of the face:

• Wrinkles.
• Increased pigmentation – this is due to the fact that melanin is distributed unevenly, so it is delivered in excess to some areas.
• Vitiligo is a chronic skin disease. Against the background of the destruction of melanin in the body, the number of melanocytes decreases, the dermis loses its natural pigmentation, and as a result, white spots appear on certain areas of the skin.
• Permanent yellowing of certain areas of the skin.
• The appearance of spider veins on the face.
• Elastosis is the destruction of elastin cells, which are already produced in a minimal amount with age. This leads to a loss of elasticity and firmness of the skin, in other words, the skin sags and becomes flabby.

Premalignant skin lesions.

Precancerous skin lesions appear as rough, scaly patches on sun-damaged areas. They are commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the head, face, neck, and hands of fair-skinned people. These spots can develop into skin cancer. They are also called actinic keratoses and solar keratoses.

Skin cancer.

Sunburn increases the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. Melanoma is one of the most dangerous malignant human tumors, as it spreads rapidly, metastasizes throughout the body and is poorly treated in the last stages. The main reason for the occurrence is excessive UV radiation, which damages the DNA of skin cells. Errors in the structure of cellular DNA accumulated since childhood disrupt and deplete the skin’s sun protection function, increasing the risk of skin cancer in adulthood.

Sunburn is a major risk factor for melanoma, increasing by 50% if a person has had more than 5 severe sunburns in their lifetime.

When should I see a doctor for sunburn?

Seek medical attention if sunburn:

• causes severe swelling;
• does not improve within a few days;
• there are signs of infection in the blisters such as pain, pus, swelling and tenderness;
• blisters cover most of the body;
• blisters appear on the face, hands or genitals.

What to do with blisters after sunburn?

• Do not touch the damaged area. Do not attempt to pop the blisters, they will eventually burst on their own. In no case should they be forced to burst ahead of time – there is a risk of infection in the wound.
• If the blister bursts by itself , cover the resulting wound with a bandage to prevent infection. If you think that the infection has already entered the wound, consult a dermatologist.

Signs that indicate infection:

• redness;
• swelling of the wound;
• pain and fever.

Get emergency medical help if you get sunburned and experience:

• Fever.
• Confusion of consciousness.
• Fainting.
• Dehydration.

Sunburn treatment

1. Apply after sun. Lotion or cream with aloe vera is best to reduce burning and restore the skin.
2. Cooling. A cold compress, ice pack, cold shower or bath will soothe the skin. Do not apply ice directly to your naked body, wrap it in a towel or rag first. Repeat the procedure several times, depending on how severe the burn is.
3. Moisturizing. As the edema subsides, skin peeling appears, the purpose of the treatment procedures is to moisturize and accelerate regeneration. The most affordable remedy is panthenol.
4. Drink plenty of water. To prevent sun exhaustion and dehydration, you need to drink plenty of water.
5. Reduce inflammation. Pain medication (Ibuprofen or Aspirin) can be taken to reduce inflammation and pain.

Avoid sunburn

There are many traditional treatments for sunburn.

Service Doc.ua DOES NOT recommend the following folk remedies for burns:

• Treat burns with sour cream, kefir or curdled milk, applying them to the burnt skin surface.
• Lubricate affected skin with lotion or oil, and margarine.
• Apply to the affected area urine, alcohol, cologne, ointments not intended for the treatment of burns.

The use of such products may lead to deterioration of the condition, as well as infection of the skin.

Is it possible to peel off the skin after a burn?

DO NOT blister or peel skin that is flaky. When the skin rejects the damaged area (flakes), it works to heal itself by forming a new layer of skin underneath. If you peel off the skin before it is ready to be shed, you hinder the renewal process and open the skin to infections. The peeled area becomes vulnerable to the penetration of bacteria into the skin. As a result, the risk of scarring of the affected area increases.

Read our article on sunburn to learn how to avoid sunburn.

Help DOC.UA: You can make an appointment with a dermatologist on our website.

first aid, degrees, causes, symptoms, prevention, how to treat, dangers

Content:

• What is it

• Sunburn symptoms

• Degrees of sunburn

• Why sunburn is dangerous

• How long does a sunburn last

• What to do

  • Sunburn First Aid

• What not to do when sunburned

• How to treat sunburn at home

  • How to smear the skin with a sunburn
  • Folk remedies for sunburn

• Prevention of sunburn

From a long stay in the sun without protective equipment, the skin turns red, begins to swell, it hurts even to touch it. In some cases, blisters may form. These are all typical signs of a sunburn. But if you take the appropriate precautions, sun exposure will only be a pleasure.

What is it

The pigment melanin, which is produced during sun exposure, protects our skin from sunburn. It darkens exposed areas of the skin, thereby saving it from the damaging effects of UV rays. But why can some people sunbathe for hours under the scorching sun, while others burn out even in cloudy conditions? It’s all about the amount of melanin produced, which depends on genetics.

According to photosensitivity, people are divided into 6 main types:

Type 1-2 – red-haired or blond, owners of light eyes and fair skin. Sunburn is almost not perceived, they can burn in the sun for half an hour.

3-4 type – Central European, the skin is darker, sometimes olive. They are of medium sensitivity, tanning from golden to medium brown.

5-6 type – owners of dark or swarthy skin, almost do not burn.

Sunburn occurs due to excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. Its intensity is especially high from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., and water, sand and snow are highly reflective, so you should be especially careful while on the beach and in the highlands. But not only in sunny, but also in cloudy weather, you need to use sunscreen, because clouds do not block ultraviolet radiation.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms of a sunburn are:

• skin redness;

• hypersensitivity – pain even with a light touch;

• swelling of the skin, the formation of crusts and blisters;

• headache, nausea, fever, fatigue.

Burn degrees

Sunburn is most often first and second degree.

I degree – there is dryness, soreness and redness of the skin. After a few days, the upper layers of the skin begin to peel off, which indicates its restoration. The entire process takes about 7 days.

II degree – is diagnosed when blisters filled with a clear liquid appear on the skin. The condition may be accompanied by sunstroke, which is characterized by nausea, dizziness, chills, fever.

III degree – a severe case when the skin is affected to the full depth, there are signs of dehydration, there is inhibition of kidney function, heart rhythm disturbance, confusion, convulsions. In this case, immediate qualified medical assistance is required. With a burn of the second and more severe degrees, recovery can take at least several weeks. During this period, you should follow all the recommendations of the doctor and be sure to protect yourself from the sun.

In some cases, severe sunburn requires hospital treatment, especially if it is accompanied by heat stroke.

The most dangerous sunburns for people with a fair skin type – albinos, natural blondes, redheads, who can burn in less than half an hour of exposure to the daytime sun. Such a burn in a child is also very dangerous.

The elderly are also at risk. After 60 years, the skin loses its moisture supply, becomes drier, and the state of the cardiovascular system worsens. Sunburn combined with heatstroke can have serious health consequences for an older person.

Exposure to ultraviolet light should be avoided by people suffering from skin diseases.

Provoking factors can be the intake of alcohol and medications that increase photosensitivity. These include drugs of the tetracycline group, diuretics, diabetes medications, oral contraceptives, and others. When prescribing a course of treatment, you should ask your doctor for a list of contraindications.

Alcohol intake increases dehydration of the body and aggravates the clinical picture of the victim’s condition.

The risk of sunburn

Symptoms of a sunburn are not always noticeable immediately, they are most intense within 12-24 hours. By themselves, sunburns cause significant discomfort, and in the long run contribute to the development of such a dangerous disease as melanoma.

But the harm of ultraviolet radiation is not limited to burns and skin cancer. So, prolonged frequent exposure to the sun causes dry skin and accelerates its aging, leads to the formation of age spots and early wrinkles. Sun exposure without sunglasses affects your eyesight and can cause cataracts.

Mild sunburns in most cases do not cause serious concern, but if they are repeated often enough, then the likelihood of developing photodermatosis is high. This group includes solar urticaria, lupus erythematosus, solar dermatitis.

Dark and swarthy skin does not turn red in the sun, however, ultraviolet light can also damage cells and provoke the formation of skin cancer.

How long does it usually take

The healing time of the skin directly depends on the severity of the burn.

1. Minor burns go away after 3-5 days, the skin begins to peel off when it heals.
2. Burns that are accompanied by severe redness and swelling of the skin may take up to a week to resolve.
3. Sunburn with blisters may take up to a half month to heal.

How to deal with sunburn

When planning a holiday in the sun near the water or in the mountains, it is necessary to take measures to protect the skin and eyes from ultraviolet radiation, and also always have a bottle of water on hand. The basic rules of first aid are cooling, moisturizing, relieving pain.

The easiest way to cool burnt skin is in a cool bath. Cold water contributes to the narrowing of blood vessels and the weakening of the inflammatory process, this temporarily alleviates the condition of the victim. If possible, you should not use the shower, because microtrauma is formed under the influence of water jets.

At the first sign of overheating, you should hide in the shade, cool the skin and use sunscreen with a moisturizing and cooling effect.

Drink as much water as possible to prevent dehydration.

Until the skin is completely healed, you should avoid the use of alkaline cleansers, perfumes, eau de toilette, scented bath foam, which have a drying effect. Clothing should be loose, thick, preferably made from natural fabrics.

First aid

What helps with sunburn:

1. Move victim quickly to shade, preferably cool.
2. If you experience signs of heat stroke such as weakness, dizziness, altered consciousness, nausea, call an ambulance.
3. Apply a clean cloth soaked in cool water to the damaged area.
4. You can wrap the casualty in a wet towel and sheet, a cool shower helps.
5. Offer plenty of cool, but not icy, drinks.

On the use of certain drugs for external and internal action for sunburn, you should consult with your doctor.

What not to do when sunburnt

The list of actions that should not be taken is important to study as carefully as the rules of first aid for sunburn:

• do not wipe the burnt area with ice;
• do not use alkaline soap when washing, do not use a hard sponge;
• do not use alcohol-based preparations to wipe burnt areas;
• do not apply thick ointments and preparations containing petroleum jelly to the skin;
• do not puncture blisters, so as not to provoke infection;
• do not expose yourself to the sun with bare skin until the burn is completely healed.

How to treat sunburn at home

For the treatment of sunburn at home, you should use the drugs prescribed by your doctor. For mild burns, aerosol products can be used, which can be purchased at a pharmacy. But you should not self-medicate, it is better to consult a doctor who will determine how to smear the skin at home.

To alleviate the patient’s condition, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Their action is aimed at reducing pain, preventing the formation of toxins. Antihistamines help relieve itching and burning. These funds should be taken strictly according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor. Self-medication can lead to allergic reactions, which not only do not alleviate, but also worsen the patient’s condition.

After consulting with your doctor, you can use an ointment bandage with Peruvian balsam Branolind-N from HARTMANN. Large-mesh cotton fabric is breathable, and Peruvian balsam has antiseptic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties. The dressing prevents the development of a secondary infection, promotes the most rapid recovery of the affected skin area.

Mild sunburn responds well to treatment with drugs that promote skin regeneration. How to choose them, you need to consult a doctor.

For the treatment of sunburn in children under the age of one, it is imperative to consult a doctor. Older children need medical help in case of fever, severe pain, lethargy.

How to smear the skin with a sunburn

When sunburned, it is recommended to use cool dressings to cool the skin. Aerosols should be used to speed up healing.

After consulting a doctor, light anti-inflammatory creams can be applied. During the recovery period, you should drink as much liquid as possible to compensate for dehydration of the body.

Folk remedies for sunburn

Contrary to popular belief, dairy products should not be used for sunburn. Firstly, when dried, they tighten the skin, which increases discomfort, secondly, they contribute to infection, and thirdly, they do not accelerate healing, but can even slow it down. Do not use alcohol-based products and apple cider vinegar – they dry the skin and prevent it from healing.

When treating a sunburn, oil or fat should also not be used – these substances create a film on the surface of the skin, which increases the temperature of the treated area. Do not use urine to wipe the skin. The effectiveness of urine therapy has not been proven, and the likelihood of infection of the wound is also high.

Prophylaxis

It is necessary to know how to treat sunburns, but it is better to prevent them. To prevent exposure to the sun, we recommend that you adhere to the following rules:

• Apply a high protection sunscreen to exposed skin before going outside and reapply every two hours or after swimming. For fair-skinned people, the use of sunscreens with a protection factor of at least 50+ is optimal;
• in the summer, wear closed loose clothes made of natural fabrics, a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses;
• Always carry a bottle of water with you.