What is Supraventricular Tachycardia. How does SVT affect heart rhythm. What are the common symptoms of SVT. How is SVT diagnosed and treated. What are the different types of SVT.

Understanding Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a cardiac condition characterized by an abnormally rapid heart rhythm originating in the upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria. In a healthy heart, electrical signals travel from the atria through the atrioventricular (AV) node to the lower chambers, or ventricles, resulting in a regular heartbeat of 60 to 100 beats per minute. However, in SVT, the heart rate can accelerate to as high as 300 beats per minute, compromising the heart’s ability to fill completely with blood and, consequently, the body’s blood supply.

The rapid heart rate associated with SVT can lead to various symptoms and complications. How does SVT impact cardiovascular function. The accelerated heart rhythm prevents the heart from filling properly with blood between beats, reducing the volume of blood pumped to the rest of the body. This decrease in blood flow can affect organ function and lead to symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia

SVT encompasses several distinct forms, each with unique characteristics and underlying mechanisms. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. What are the primary types of SVT.

• Atrial Fibrillation (AF): The most common form of SVT, characterized by multiple sites in the atria firing impulses irregularly, resulting in a rapid and ineffective heartbeat.
• Atrial Flutter: Caused by an extra electrical pathway in the heart, leading to a very fast but steady heartbeat.
• Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): The second most common type of SVT, occurring due to an extra electrical pathway in the AV node.
• Atrial Tachycardia: An abnormal rhythm that originates in the atria.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Characterized by an abnormal electrical connection between the atria and ventricles, potentially causing a very rapid heartbeat.

Each type of SVT presents unique challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. How do these different forms of SVT affect patient care. The specific type of SVT a patient has will influence the choice of diagnostic tests, treatment options, and long-term management strategies. For instance, atrial fibrillation may require different medications or interventions compared to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Recognizing the Symptoms of SVT

Identifying the symptoms of SVT is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. What are the telltale signs of supraventricular tachycardia. Patients with SVT may experience a range of symptoms, including:

• Chest pressure or pain
• Fainting (syncope) or near-fainting episodes
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Palpitations (skipping, fluttering, or pounding sensations in the chest)
• Shortness of breath

The severity and frequency of these symptoms can vary among individuals and may depend on the specific type of SVT. How can patients differentiate SVT symptoms from other cardiac conditions. While some symptoms of SVT may overlap with other heart conditions, the sudden onset and rapid heart rate are often distinctive features. However, a proper medical evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostic Approaches for SVT

Diagnosing SVT can be challenging due to its often unpredictable and spontaneous nature. To accurately identify and characterize the condition, healthcare providers may employ various diagnostic tests. What are the primary methods used to diagnose SVT.

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This fundamental test records the heart’s electrical activity, allowing doctors to analyze the pattern of electrical current flow and identify arrhythmias.
2. Electrophysiology (EP) Study: A more invasive but highly accurate diagnostic procedure involving the insertion of electrode catheters into the heart to sense and stimulate electrical impulses.
3. Exercise Stress Test: This test records the heart’s electrical activity during physical exertion, revealing abnormalities that may not be apparent at rest.
4. Event Monitor: A portable device worn for up to a month, allowing patients to record their heart rhythm when experiencing symptoms.
5. Holter Monitor: A small, wearable device that provides a continuous 24-hour recording of the heart’s electrical activity.

How do these diagnostic tools complement each other in SVT evaluation. Each test offers unique insights into the heart’s electrical activity, helping to build a comprehensive picture of the patient’s condition. For example, while an ECG provides a snapshot of the heart’s rhythm, a Holter monitor can capture intermittent arrhythmias over an extended period.

The Role of Electrophysiology Studies in SVT Diagnosis

Electrophysiology (EP) studies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of SVT. How do EP studies contribute to SVT treatment planning. These studies allow doctors to:

• Precisely locate the sites causing arrhythmias
• Examine the arrhythmia under controlled conditions
• Gather detailed information about the heart’s electrical activity
• Guide treatment decisions, particularly for catheter ablation procedures

The insights gained from EP studies can significantly influence the choice of treatment and improve outcomes for patients with SVT.

Treatment Options for Supraventricular Tachycardia

The management of SVT is tailored to the individual patient, taking into account the type and severity of their condition, as well as the results of diagnostic tests. What are the primary treatment approaches for SVT.

Medication Therapy

Anti-arrhythmic drugs are often the first line of treatment for SVT. How do medications help manage SVT. These drugs work by:

• Altering electrical signals in the heart
• Preventing the initiation of irregular or rapid heart rhythms
• Converting SVT to a normal rhythm
• Slowing down the heart rate
• Preventing recurrences of SVT episodes

The selection of medication is a personalized process, aiming to find the most effective drug with the least side effects for each patient. In some cases, patients may be admitted to the hospital for monitoring while starting a new medication regimen.

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFA)

For patients who do not respond well to medication or prefer a non-pharmacological approach, radiofrequency catheter ablation may be recommended. What is radiofrequency catheter ablation and how does it treat SVT.

RFA is a minimally invasive procedure that involves:

1. Inserting catheters into the heart through blood vessels
2. Identifying the specific areas causing the arrhythmia
3. Using radiofrequency energy to create small scars on the heart tissue
4. Blocking the abnormal electrical pathways responsible for SVT

This procedure can be highly effective in eliminating SVT, often providing a long-term or permanent solution. How successful is RFA in treating SVT. The success rate of RFA for SVT is generally high, with many patients experiencing complete resolution of their symptoms. However, the exact success rate can vary depending on the specific type of SVT and individual patient factors.

Living with Supraventricular Tachycardia

Managing SVT often extends beyond medical treatments to include lifestyle modifications and ongoing care. How can patients effectively cope with SVT in their daily lives.

• Regular Monitoring: Keeping track of episodes and symptoms can help healthcare providers adjust treatment plans as needed.
• Stress Management: Since stress can trigger SVT episodes in some individuals, stress reduction techniques may be beneficial.
• Avoidance of Triggers: Identifying and avoiding personal triggers, such as caffeine or alcohol, can help reduce the frequency of episodes.
• Exercise: Engaging in appropriate physical activity, as advised by a healthcare provider, can improve overall cardiovascular health.
• Education: Understanding the condition and treatment options empowers patients to make informed decisions about their care.

What role does patient education play in SVT management. Informed patients are better equipped to recognize symptoms, adhere to treatment plans, and communicate effectively with their healthcare team, leading to improved outcomes and quality of life.

Advances in SVT Research and Treatment

The field of cardiac electrophysiology continues to evolve, bringing new insights and treatment options for SVT. What are some recent developments in SVT management.

• Improved Mapping Technologies: Advanced 3D mapping systems allow for more precise localization of arrhythmia sources during ablation procedures.
• Novel Ablation Techniques: Cryoablation and laser ablation offer alternatives to traditional radiofrequency ablation for certain types of SVT.
• Wearable Monitoring Devices: Smartwatches and other wearable technologies are increasingly being used to detect and monitor arrhythmias in real-time.
• Personalized Medicine: Genetic testing and advanced diagnostics are paving the way for more tailored treatment approaches.

How might these advancements impact future SVT treatment strategies. As technology and research progress, we can anticipate more precise, less invasive, and more effective treatments for SVT. These developments may lead to improved outcomes, reduced side effects, and enhanced quality of life for patients with SVT.

Pediatric Considerations in SVT Management

While SVT can affect individuals of all ages, managing the condition in children presents unique challenges and considerations. How does the approach to SVT differ in pediatric patients.

Treating SVT in children requires careful consideration of factors such as:

• Growth and development
• Long-term effects of medications and procedures
• Impact on daily activities and school life
• Family dynamics and caregiver support

What strategies are employed to diagnose and treat SVT in children. Pediatric cardiologists may use a combination of non-invasive monitoring techniques, medication trials, and, when necessary, minimally invasive procedures tailored to the child’s size and condition. The goal is to achieve symptom control while minimizing the impact on the child’s overall development and quality of life.

Long-term Outlook for Children with SVT

Understanding the long-term prognosis for children diagnosed with SVT is crucial for parents and healthcare providers. What can families expect regarding the future health of a child with SVT.

The outlook for children with SVT is generally positive, with many experiencing:

• Successful management of symptoms through medication or ablation procedures
• Normal growth and development
• The ability to participate in most activities and sports
• Potential resolution of SVT as they grow older, in some cases

However, ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are essential to address any changes in the condition over time and ensure optimal management throughout childhood and adolescence.

In conclusion, supraventricular tachycardia is a complex but manageable cardiac condition that affects individuals across the lifespan. Through a combination of advanced diagnostic techniques, tailored treatment approaches, and ongoing research, healthcare providers can offer effective management strategies for patients with SVT. As our understanding of the condition continues to grow, we can anticipate further improvements in care, leading to better outcomes and enhanced quality of life for those affected by SVT.

Supraventricular Tachycardia | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

Overview

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an abnormal, rapid heart rhythm that starts in the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria. In a normal heart, electricity travels from the atria, through the atrioventricular (AV) node to the lowers chambers, called the ventricles. This transmission produces a regular heartbeat of 60 to 100 times per minute. In SVT, the heart beats too quickly — up to 300 beats per minute — preventing the heart from filling completely with blood. As a result, the body doesn’t receive the blood volume it needs to function properly.

There are many different forms of SVT, including:

• Atrial fibrillation, the most common SVT, occurs when multiple sites in the atria fire impulses in an irregular fashion. As a result, the heart can beat very quickly and ineffectively.
• Atrial flutter is a rapid heart rhythm caused by an extra electrical pathway in the heart that begins in the atria. This causes a very fast, steady heartbeat.
• Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the second most comman type of SVT, occurs when there is an extra electrical pathway in the AV node.
• Atrial tachycardia is an abnormal rhythm that arises in the atria.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is an abnormal electrical connection between the atria and ventricles. This pathway is known as an accessory pathway and may result in a very rapid heartbeat.

Signs & symptoms

Supraventricular Tachycardia may cause the following symptoms:

• Chest pressure or pain
• Fainting, also known as syncope, or near-syncope
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Palpitations, which can be skipping, fluttering or pounding in the chest
• Shortness of breath

Diagnosis

Supraventricular tachycardia may occur spontaneously with unpredictable timing. Therefore, in many cases, the condition requires specialized tests to acquire an accurate diagnosis. If your doctor suspects that your child has an arrhythmia, one or more of the following diagnostic tests will be ordered to determine the source of your child’s symptoms.

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) — An ECG records the heart’s electrical activity. Small patches called electrodes are placed on your child’s chest, arms and legs, and are connected by wires to the ECG machine. The electrical impulses of your child’s heart are translated into a graph or chart, enabling doctors to determine the pattern of electrical current flow in the heart and to diagnose arrhythmias.
• Electrophysiology (EP) Study — In an EP study, doctors insert special electrode catheters — long, flexible wires — into veins and guide them into the heart. These catheters sense electrical impulses and also may be used to stimulate different areas of the heart. Doctors can then locate the sites that are causing arrhythmias. The EP study allows doctors to examine an arrhythmia under controlled conditions and acquire more accurate, detailed information than with any other diagnostic test.
• Exercise Stress Test — An exercise stress or treadmill test records the electrical activity of your child’s heart during exercise, which differs from the heart’s electrical activity at rest.
• Event Monitor — This is a small monitor about the size of a pager that your child can have for up to a month. Since the arrhythmia may occur at unpredictable times, this will help to record the abnormal rhythm when your child is experiencing symptoms. He or she can just push a button on the pager and record the heartbeat. The recording can then be transmitted by phone to the doctor.
• Holter Monitor — A Holter monitor is a small, portable machine that your child wears for 24 hours. It is about the size of a portable tape player and provides a continuous 24-hour recording of your child’s heartbeat onto a tape. You will be asked to keep a diary of your child’s activities and symptoms. This monitor may detect arrhythmias that might not show up on a resting electrocardiogram, which only records a heartbeat for a few seconds at rest.

Treatment

The treatment for your child’s supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) will depend on the type and severity of their condition and the results of various diagnostic tests, such as the electrophysiology (EP) study. You and your doctor will decide which treatment is right for your child.

The following treatments may be considered:

Medications

Certain anti-arrhythmic drugs change the electrical signals in the heart and help prevent heart abnormalities from starting irregular or rapid heart rhythms. Medication may be used to convert SVT to a normal rhythm, slow down the heart rate or prevent recurrences. Our goal is to find the medication that works best for your child. On occasion, we admit children to the hospital and monitor their heart rhythm while we start the medication.

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFA)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) is a technique to treat arrhythmia that was pioneered at UCSF. It disrupts part of the electrical pathway causing irregular heart rhythms, providing relief for patients who may not respond well to medications, who prefer not to take medications or who can’t take medications.

The procedure involves threading a tiny metal-tipped catheter through a vein or artery in the leg and into the heart. Using fluoroscopy or X-ray, doctors guide the catheter through a blood vessel to the heart. Additional catheters, inserted through the vein in the leg and the neck, contain electrical sensors to find the area causing the arrhythmia. This is called mapping.

The metal-tipped catheter is maneuvered to each site in the heart that causes the irregular heartbeat. Radiofrequency waves or current is sent through the tip of the catheter, cauterizing or burning cells to destroy the extra electrical pathways that cause abnormal heart rhythms. In most cases, patients leave the hospital within 24 hours or the same day.

RFA has been proven very effective in treating children with arrhythmias. Your doctor will discuss this treatment and others with you to decide the best option for you or your child. For conditions like Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, in which a hair-thin strand of tissue creates an extra electrical pathway between the upper and lower chambers of the heart, RFA ablation offers a cure. It has become the treatment of choice for patients with that disorder.

Cryoablation

Sometimes referred to as cryo, cryoablation is similar to radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) in that it is a procedure that disrupts the abnormal electrical pathway in the heart. This newer technology has been used in the Electrophysiology Laboratory at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital since March 2004.

Instead of burning cells, however, cryoablation destroys cells by freezing them and has been very effective in treating children with arrhythmias. Your doctor will discuss this treatment and others with you to decide which method is the best option.

Like RFA, cryoablation involves threading a tiny metal-tipped catheter through a vein or artery in the leg and into the heart. Doctors guide the catheter through the blood vessel to the heart by using fluoroscopy or X-ray.

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) (for Parents)

en español: Taquicardia supraventricular

Reviewed by: Nak Hyun (Tom) Choi, MD

Cardiology (Heart Care) at Nemours Children’s Health

What Is Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a type of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) in which the heart beats very quickly.

The abnormal heart rhythm starts in the atria, which are the top chambers of the heart. Supraventricular tachycardia (soo-pruh-ven-TRIK-yuh-ler tak-ih-KAR-dee-uh) often happens suddenly and can last for a few minutes or many hours.

What Happens in Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

An area in the atria called the sinus node sends electrical signals that tell the heart to beat at a normal rate. They also tell the heart to speed up during exercise or times of stress, and to slow down during sleep.

Normally, the electrical signals follow set paths from the heart’s top chambers down to its bottom chambers (the ventricles). In people with SVT, the signals can sometimes “short circuit” and make the heart beat faster.

SVT causes the heart to work harder to do its job, especially if it goes on for a long time. Longer episodes can make the heart tired and not able to pump normally.

How long episodes last and how often they happen is different for each person with SVT.

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

Some kids with SVT have no symptoms at all. When they do, palpitations (a feeling of a fast heartbeat or pounding in the chest) are the most common.

Other symptoms might include:

• dizziness
• tiredness
• weakness
• being short of breath
• chest pain
• fainting

What Causes Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?

SVT can be congenital, which means a child is born with it. Or it can develop later in life. Sometimes it happens because of other heart conditions.

Supraventricular tachycardia usually affects infants, young kids, and teens.

How Is Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tools to diagnose SVT. It’s very important for parents to know their child’s
medical history and give this information to the doctor.

The doctor will do an exam and order an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) to measure the heart’s electrical activity. These types of EKGs might be done:

• resting EKG, which measures the heart rate and rhythm, and takes less than a minute
• exercise EKG (also called a stress test), which measures heart rate and rhythm during exercise, like riding a stationary bicycle or walking on a treadmill
• home monitor, which is an EKG done over a longer period. It monitors the heart’s rhythm during normal daily activities. Continuous recording (usually 24 hours with a “Holter” monitor) means the EKG is on for the entire monitoring period; event monitoring (usually done for 30–60 days) means data is recorded only when a child feels symptoms and presses a button, or when the monitor detects certain conditions.

How Is Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) Treated?

Many arrhythmias like SVT may not need treatment.

Treatment might be done when SVT causes symptoms, lasts a long time, or happens often. Options include:

Medicine. Doctors may use medicines (such as beta blockers) that slow the heart rate. This lowers the chances of having frequent or long episodes of SVT. Sometimes, these cause side effects, so a child will see the doctor regularly.

Catheter
ablation . With the child asleep and comfortable, doctors guide a
catheter(a thin, flexible plastic wire) through a vein or artery in the leg to the heart. When the problem area of the heart is pinpointed, the catheter tip can use hot energy (called radiofrequency ablation) or cold energy (called cryoablation) to burn or freeze the tissues causing the arrhythmia.

What Else Should I Know?

Most children with SVT lead a normal life. It’s important to follow up with the cardiologist as often as needed.

Reviewed by: Nak Hyun (Tom) Choi, MD

Date reviewed: February 2023

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Generic preventive maintenance and repair system.

Directions of work and repair of computer equipment.

“System
maintenance and repair
technology”

(STO
and R) defines the system of technical
maintenance and repair of equipment,

as
a set of interconnected means,
maintenance documentation

and repairs and performers needed
for maintenance and

restoration
the quality of the products included in this system.

Analysis
tasks of maintenance and repair of SVT allows you to highlight
following directions

works
for SVT:

1.
Provision
performance of computing
technology. At

this
It must be understood that this task
consists in monitoring

health
and forecasting needs for
renewal of the SVT fleet.

At
solution of this problem is necessary
use analysis and

forecasting
state of SVT, software
and existing

tasks,
which will allow planned solution of existing
Problems;

2.
Provision
operating system health
and application

software
security. At
it must be understood that this

task
consists of:

• correct
  selecting drivers, solving their problems
  interaction friend

• With
  other and other hardware and software
  security,

• need
  monitor performance
  established

• software
  provision and forecast needs
  in his

• update;

3.
Provision
integrity, safety and efficiency

information
arrays. This
the task is reduced to backup

archiving
data, ensuring their protection against viruses
and others

distorting
actions;

4.
Maintainability
peripheral, network and

communication
equipment.

system
Maintenance and repair of SVT must comply with
following

requirements:

• security
  specified levels of operational
  reliability of the fleet SVT

• at
  rational material and labor
  costs

• planning and normative
  its character, which allows planning
  and

• organize
  Maintenance and repair at all levels;

• obligation
  for all organizations and enterprises,
  owning SVT, outside

• dependencies
  from their departmental subordination;

• concreteness,
  accessibility and suitability for management
  and acceptance

• decisions
  all links of engineering and technical
  (service) service;

• stability
  basic principles and specific flexibility
  standards,

taking into account
changes in operating conditions,
design, quality and

reliability
SVT;

All
activities carried out within the framework of
maintenance,

share
into three groups:

– control
technical condition;

– prophylactic
service;

– current
Maintenance.

Control
technical condition SVT serves
for work control

SVT,
localization of fault points,
elimination of the influence of random failures on
results
computing. In modern SVT, a similar
control

carried out
mainly with the help of the SVT itself.

Prophylactic
service presents
a series of activities

aimed at
to maintain the specified technical
state of SVT during
certain
period of time and its extension
technical resource.
Preventive
events held at SVT can be
split into two
groups.
Exists
two types of preventive measures:

• active

• passive.

active preventive maintenance
in progress
operations,
the main purpose of which is to extend the period
uptime service
computer.
They boil down mainly to
periodic cleaning as a whole
systems,
as well as its individual components.

Under
passive prophylaxis usually
means the measures
directed
to protect your computer from external
adverse impacts.
Speech
is about installing protective
devices
in the power supply network, maintaining
purity
and acceptable temperature
indoors,
where the computer is installed
decrease
vibration level, etc.

Methods
active preventive maintenance

Reserved
copy system

One
of the main stages of preventive
maintenance – backup
copying
systems. This operation allows
restore operability

system
in the event of a fatal hardware failure. For
Reserve copy
necessary
buy a high capacity device
storage.

Cleaning

One
of the most important elements
preventive maintenance –

regular
and thorough cleanings. Dust settling
inside the computer,

can become
cause of many troubles.
Firstly,
it is a thermal insulator
impairs cooling
systems.
Secondly,
dust must contain conductive
particles that can
lead
To
emergence
leaks and even short circuits between
electric
chains.
AND
Finally, some substances contained
in dust, can speed up the process

contact oxidation, which will lead to
ultimately to violations

electrical
connections.

Installation
chips into place

very preventive maintenance
it is important to eliminate the consequences
thermal
chip offsets. Since the computer
on and

off
heats up and cools down (so
its components

expand
and compressed), microcircuits installed
in nests, gradually

from
they “crawl out”. Therefore, it will be necessary
find all components installed in

sockets,
and put them in their place.

Cleaning
connector pins

Wipe clean
connector pins are needed in order to
connections between

nodes
and system components were reliable.
Pay attention

to
expansion connectors, power supply,
keyboard and speaker connections,

located
on the system board. As for the boards
adapters, then they need
wipe
printed connectors inserted into slots
on the system board.

Cleaning
keyboards

Maintenance
hard drive maintenance
To
ensure data security and
improve efficiency
works
hard disk, you need time from
time to do some
procedures
according to him
service.
There are also some simple
programs,
with the help of which it is possible in some
degree insure yourself against
loss
data. These programs create back-up
copies (and, if necessary,
restore
them) those critical areas of the hard disk,
when damaged
which
access to files becomes impossible.

Defragmentation
files

as you write files to
hard drive and remove them
many
of them are fragmented, i. e. are breaking
to many scattered
By
the entire disc of parts. Periodically performing
defragmentation of files
decide
two tasks at once. First, if the files
occupy continuous
areas
on
disk, then moving the heads when they
reading and writing becomes
minimal
which reduces wear on the actuator and
the disk itself. Besides,
significantly
increased reading speed
files from disk.
Secondly,
in case of serious damage to tables
file placement (File
Allocation
Table – FAT) and root directory data on
drive lighter
restore,
if the files are written as a whole.

Antivirus
programs

Viruses
dangerous for any operating system.

Methods
passive preventive maintenance

Under
passive prevention means
creation of acceptable
work
computer general external conditions.

Working
location

The goal of any prevention is to keep
equipment (and
nested
funds in it). Computers are quite
work reliably in
favorable
for human conditions.

Heating
and computer cooling

Vibrations
temperatures adversely affect
on computer status

.
Therefore, in order for the computer to work reliably,
temperature in the office

or
apartment must be permanent.
For
any electronic device, including
and for computers
indicated
allowable temperature range.
Most manufacturers
leads
this information in the product documentation.
It must contain two
range
temperatures: at
exploitation
and during storage. For example, for
majority
IBM computers these ranges
are:

•
at
operation: from +15 to +32°C;

•
at
storage: +10 to +43°C.

Cycles
switching on and off

For
ensuring trouble-free operation of SVT,
it should be turned on as little as possible

and turn off. There are two obvious
ways to minimize

fluctuations
temperature in the system: either forever
leave the computer
included,
or never turn it on.
hardly
whether the user will be satisfied with the second option.
Therefore, if the main
the only
your goal is to extend the deadline
system services, should
hold
computer always on. Certainly,
in real life
account for
take into account other circumstances
e.g. cost
electricity,
fire safety.
Electrostatic charges

Serious
threat to computer components
represent

electrostatic
charges. They are most dangerous in winter
low humidity
air,
as well as in areas with a dry climate. IN
these conditions when working with
computer
special measures need to be taken
precautions.
Electrostatic
phenomena outside the case of the system unit
rarely lead
To
serious consequences, but on the chassis,
keyboard or just next to
computer
strong discharge may cause damage
when checking
parity
(in memory) or the computer freezes.

Interference
in the mains supply

For
for the computer to work properly
mains voltage

must
be fairly stable, and the level
interference in it should not exceed

maximum allowable value.

Types
maintenance

View
maintenance is determined
periodicity and
complex
technological operations to maintain
operational
properties
SVT.
GOST
28470-90 “Maintenance system
and repair
technical
computer facilities and
informatics”
defines
the following
maintenance types:

Regulated
maintenance must
be performed in
volume
and taking into account the operating time provided
in operational
documentation
on SVT, regardless of the technical
states.

Periodic
maintenance must
be carried out through
intervals
time and to the extent specified in
operational
documentation
on SVT.

Technical
service with periodic control
should
be carried out
with installed in technological
documentation frequency
control
technical condition of the SVT and the necessary
complex
technological
operations dependent on technical
SVT state.

Technical
service with continuous monitoring
should
be carried out
in accordance with the operational
documentation for SVT or
technological
documentation of the results of the ongoing
control over
technical
state of SVT.
Control
technical condition of the SVT can
run in static
or
dynamic modes.
At
static
mode control
voltage and frequency values
sync pulses
remain constant throughout
cycle
preventive
control, and in dynamic mode
envisaged
periodic
their change. Thus, due to
creating weighted
modes
of the work of the SVT, it is possible to identify critical
reliability elements.

Prophylactic
control carried out
hardware and
programmatic
ways. Hardware control is carried out
by using
special
equipment, instrumentation
instruments and stands and
software and hardware
complexes.
Most
should be considered effective
software and hardware
control
if there is a developed system in the SVT
hardware control.
Works
for troubleshooting
preventive control
Can
split into the following steps:

-analysis
the nature of the faults for the current
state of SVT;

– control
environmental parameters and measures for
elimination of their

deviations;

– localization
errors and troubleshooting
using

hardware
and software tools of SVT and with the help of
additional

equipment;

– elimination
malfunctions;

– renewal
problem solving.

1. Terms and definitions \ ConsultantPlus

1. Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions are used in this document:

Automated system – a system consisting of personnel and a set of means for automating its activities, implementing information technology for performing established functions.

Authentication of the data sender – confirmation that the sender of the received data corresponds to the declared one.

Security of personal data – the state of security of personal data, characterized by the ability of users, technical means and information technologies to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems.

Blocking of personal data – temporary suspension of the collection, systematization, accumulation, use, distribution of personal data, including their transfer.

Virus (computer, software) – an executable program code or an interpreted set of instructions that has the properties of unauthorized distribution and self-reproduction. The created duplicates of a computer virus do not always coincide with the original, but retain the ability to further spread and reproduce themselves.

A malicious program is a program designed to carry out unauthorized access and (or) impact on personal data or personal data information system resources.

Auxiliary technical means and systems – technical means and systems not intended for the transfer, processing and storage of personal data, installed together with technical means and systems intended for processing personal data, or in premises where personal data information systems are installed.

Access to the operating environment of a computer (personal data information system) – getting the ability to launch regular commands, functions, procedures of the operating system (destruction, copying, moving, etc.), executable files of application programs.

Access to information – the ability to obtain information and use it.

Stowage device – an element of an information retrieval tool, covertly introduced (embedded or brought in) into places of possible information retrieval (including fences, structures, equipment, interior items, vehicles, as well as technical means and information processing systems).

Protected information – information that is the subject of ownership and subject to protection in accordance with the requirements of legal documents or the requirements established by the owner of the information.

Identification – assigning an identifier to subjects and objects of access and (or) comparing the presented identifier with the list of assigned identifiers.

Informative signal – electrical signals, acoustic, electromagnetic and other physical fields, according to the parameters of which confidential information (personal data) processed in the personal data information system can be disclosed.

A personal data information system is an information system that is a collection of personal data contained in a database, as well as information technologies and technical means that allow the processing of such personal data using automation tools or without using such tools.

Information technologies – processes, methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, disseminating information and methods for implementing such processes and methods.

Information security threat source – the subject of access, a material object or a physical phenomenon that causes a threat to information security.

Controlled zone is a space in which uncontrolled stay of employees and visitors of the operator and foreign transport, technical and other material means is excluded.

Confidentiality of personal data – a mandatory requirement for an operator or other person who has access to personal data to prevent their distribution without the consent of the subject of personal data or other legal grounds.

Firewall – a local (single-component) or functionally distributed software (software and hardware) tool (complex) that controls information entering the personal data information system and (or) leaving the information system.

Violator of the security of personal data – an individual who accidentally or intentionally performs actions that result in a violation of the security of personal data when they are processed by technical means in information systems of personal data.

Undeclared capabilities – functionality of computer equipment that is not described or does not correspond to those described in the documentation, the use of which may violate the confidentiality, availability or integrity of the information being processed.

Unauthorized access (unauthorized actions) – access to information or actions with information carried out in violation of the established rights and (or) rules for access to information or actions with it using standard information system tools or tools similar to them in their functional purpose and specifications.

Information carrier – an individual or a material object, including a physical field in which information is reflected in the form of symbols, images, signals, technical solutions and processes, quantitative characteristics of physical quantities.

Personal data processing – actions (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, clarification (updating, changing), use, distribution (including transfer), depersonalization, blocking, destruction of personal data.

Operator – a state body, municipal body, legal or natural person organizing and (or) carrying out the processing of personal data, as well as determining the purposes and content of the processing of personal data.

Interception (information) – illegal receipt of information using a technical means that detects, receives and processes informative signals.

Personal data – any information relating to an individual identified or determined on the basis of such information (subject of personal data), including his last name, first name, patronymic, date and place of birth, address, family, social, property status, education , profession, income, other information.

Spurious electromagnetic radiation and interference – electromagnetic radiation of technical means for processing protected information, arising as a side effect and caused by electrical signals acting in their electrical and magnetic circuits, as well as electromagnetic interference of these signals on conductive lines, structures and power circuits.

User of the personal data information system – a person participating in the functioning of the personal data information system or using the results of its functioning.

Access control rules – a set of rules governing access rights of access subjects to access objects.

Software tab – a functional object hidden in the software, which, under certain conditions, is capable of providing unauthorized software impact. A software bookmark can be implemented in the form of a malicious program or program code.

Software (program-mathematical) impact – unauthorized impact on the resources of an automated information system, carried out using malicious programs.

Information system resource – a named element of the system, application or hardware for the operation of an information system.

Computer facilities – a set of software and technical elements of data processing systems capable of functioning independently or as part of other systems.

Subject of access (subject) – a person or process whose actions are regulated by the rules of access control.

Technical means of the personal data information system – computer equipment, information and computer systems and networks, means and systems for transmitting, receiving and processing personal data (means and systems for sound recording, sound amplification, sound reproduction, intercom and television devices, means for manufacturing, replicating documents and other technical means of processing speech, graphic, video and alphanumeric information), software (operating systems, database management systems, etc.), information security tools.

Technical channel of information leakage – a set of information carrier (processing means), the physical environment for the dissemination of an informative signal and the means by which protected information is obtained.

Threats to the security of personal data – a set of conditions and factors that create the danger of unauthorized, including accidental, access to personal data, which may result in the destruction, modification, blocking, copying, distribution of personal data, as well as other unauthorized actions during their processing in the personal data information system.