What are the causes of swollen lymph nodes in the armpit? What are the symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the armpit? Get the answers to these questions and more.

Understanding Lymph Nodes and Their Role

Lymph nodes are small, round or bean-shaped clusters of cells that play a vital role in the body’s immune system. They act as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria, and other potential threats before they can infect other parts of the body. Lymph nodes are located throughout the body, with common areas of swelling including the neck, under the chin, in the armpits, and in the groin.

Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Armpit

The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes, including those in the armpit, is an infection, particularly a viral infection such as the common cold. Other potential causes include:

• Bacterial infections like strep throat or a skin/wound infection
• Viral infections like mononucleosis or HIV
• Uncommon infections like tuberculosis, syphilis, or toxoplasmosis
• Immune system disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Certain types of cancer, including lymphoma and leukemia
• Rare reactions to medications like the anti-seizure drug phenytoin

Symptoms of Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Armpit

The most common symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the armpit include:

• Tenderness and pain in the lymph nodes
• Swelling that may be the size of a pea, kidney bean, or larger
• Additional symptoms depending on the underlying cause, such as:
  • Runny nose, sore throat, fever, and other signs of an upper respiratory infection
  • General swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body, which can indicate an infection or immune system disorder
  • Hard, fixed, rapidly growing nodes, which may indicate cancer or lymphoma
  • Fever and night sweats

When to Seek Medical Attention

Most swollen lymph nodes will return to normal as the underlying condition improves. However, you should see a doctor if the swollen lymph nodes:

• Appear for no apparent reason
• Continue to enlarge or have been present for 2-4 weeks
• Feel hard or rubbery and don’t move when pushed
• Are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical care if you’re having difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Diagnosing the Cause of Swollen Lymph Nodes

To determine the cause of swollen lymph nodes, your doctor may perform a physical examination, ask about your medical history and symptoms, and potentially order tests such as:

• Blood tests to check for signs of infection or other underlying conditions
• Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to examine the lymph nodes
• Biopsy to collect a sample of the lymph node for further analysis

Identifying the underlying cause is important for determining the appropriate treatment.

Treating Swollen Lymph Nodes

The treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause. If the swelling is due to a minor infection, time and warm compresses may be all that’s needed. For more serious infections or other conditions, your doctor may prescribe:

• Antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat an infection
• Medications to manage an autoimmune disorder or reduce inflammation
• Chemotherapy or other cancer treatments for lymphoma or leukemia

In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a swollen lymph node or drain an abscess.

Preventing Swollen Lymph Nodes

While you can’t always prevent swollen lymph nodes, there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly, to help prevent infections
• Maintain a healthy immune system by getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly
• Avoid contact with people who are sick, and stay up-to-date on recommended vaccinations
• Seek prompt treatment for any infections or other underlying conditions

By understanding the causes and symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, you can take proactive steps to maintain your health and seek appropriate medical care when needed.

Swollen lymph nodes – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of infection from bacteria or viruses. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer.

Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Lymph node locations

Your lymph nodes play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Swollen lymph nodes

One of the most common places to find swollen lymph nodes is in the neck. The inset shows three swollen lymph nodes below the lower jaw.

In some cases, the passage of time and warm compresses may be all you need to treat swollen lymph nodes. If an infection causes swollen lymph nodes, treatment depends on the cause.

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Symptoms

Your lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes situated throughout your body. Many lymph nodes are located in your head and neck region. Lymph nodes that frequently swell are in this area, as well as in your armpits and groin area.

Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that something is wrong somewhere in your body. When your lymph nodes first swell, you might notice:

• Tenderness and pain in the lymph nodes
• Swelling that may be the size of a pea or kidney bean, or even larger in the lymph nodes

Depending on the cause of your swollen lymph nodes, other signs and symptoms you might have include:

• Runny nose, sore throat, fever and other indications of an upper respiratory infection
• General swelling of lymph nodes throughout your body. When this occurs, it may indicate an infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or mononucleosis, or an immune system disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Hard, fixed, rapidly growing nodes, indicating a possible cancer or lymphoma
• Fever
• Night sweats

When to see a doctor

Some swollen lymph nodes return to normal when the underlying condition, such as a minor infection, gets better. See your doctor if you’re concerned or if your swollen lymph nodes:

• Have appeared for no apparent reason
• Continue to enlarge or have been present for two to four weeks
• Feel hard or rubbery, or don’t move when you push on them
• Are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical care if you’re having difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Causes

Lymph nodes are small, round or bean-shaped clusters of cells. Inside lymph nodes are a combination of different types of immune system cells. These specialized cells filter your lymphatic fluid as it travels through your body and protect you by destroying invaders.

Lymph nodes are located in groups, and each group drains a specific area of your body. You may be more likely to notice swelling in certain areas, such as in the lymph nodes in your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin. The site of the swollen lymph nodes may help identify the underlying cause.

The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, particularly a viral infection, such as the common cold. Other possible causes of swollen lymph nodes include:

Common infections

• Strep throat
• Measles
• Ear infections
• Infected (abscessed) tooth
• Mononucleosis
• Skin or wound infections, such as cellulitis
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — the virus that causes AIDS

Uncommon infections

• Tuberculosis
• Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
• Toxoplasmosis — a parasitic infection resulting from contact with the feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
• Cat scratch fever — a bacterial infection from a cat scratch or bite

Immune system disorders

• Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
• Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the tissue that lines your joints (synovium)

Cancers

• Lymphoma — cancer that originates in your lymphatic system
• Leukemia — cancer of your body’s blood-forming tissue, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system
• Other cancers that have spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes

Other possible but rare causes include certain medications, such as the anti-seizure medication phenytoin (Dilantin) and preventive medications for malaria.

Complications

If infection is the cause of your swollen lymph nodes and isn’t treated, an abscess may form. Abscesses are localized collections of pus caused by infections. Pus contains fluid, white blood cells, dead tissue, and bacteria or other invaders. An abscess may require drainage and antibiotic treatment.

Swollen lymph nodes – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of infection from bacteria or viruses. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer.

Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Lymph node locations

Your lymph nodes play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Swollen lymph nodes

One of the most common places to find swollen lymph nodes is in the neck. The inset shows three swollen lymph nodes below the lower jaw.

In some cases, the passage of time and warm compresses may be all you need to treat swollen lymph nodes. If an infection causes swollen lymph nodes, treatment depends on the cause.

Products & Services

Symptoms

Your lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes situated throughout your body. Many lymph nodes are located in your head and neck region. Lymph nodes that frequently swell are in this area, as well as in your armpits and groin area.

Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that something is wrong somewhere in your body. When your lymph nodes first swell, you might notice:

• Tenderness and pain in the lymph nodes
• Swelling that may be the size of a pea or kidney bean, or even larger in the lymph nodes

Depending on the cause of your swollen lymph nodes, other signs and symptoms you might have include:

• Runny nose, sore throat, fever and other indications of an upper respiratory infection
• General swelling of lymph nodes throughout your body. When this occurs, it may indicate an infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or mononucleosis, or an immune system disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Hard, fixed, rapidly growing nodes, indicating a possible cancer or lymphoma
• Fever
• Night sweats

When to see a doctor

Some swollen lymph nodes return to normal when the underlying condition, such as a minor infection, gets better. See your doctor if you’re concerned or if your swollen lymph nodes:

• Have appeared for no apparent reason
• Continue to enlarge or have been present for two to four weeks
• Feel hard or rubbery, or don’t move when you push on them
• Are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical care if you’re having difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Causes

Lymph nodes are small, round or bean-shaped clusters of cells. Inside lymph nodes are a combination of different types of immune system cells. These specialized cells filter your lymphatic fluid as it travels through your body and protect you by destroying invaders.

Lymph nodes are located in groups, and each group drains a specific area of your body. You may be more likely to notice swelling in certain areas, such as in the lymph nodes in your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin. The site of the swollen lymph nodes may help identify the underlying cause.

The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, particularly a viral infection, such as the common cold. Other possible causes of swollen lymph nodes include:

Common infections

• Strep throat
• Measles
• Ear infections
• Infected (abscessed) tooth
• Mononucleosis
• Skin or wound infections, such as cellulitis
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — the virus that causes AIDS

Uncommon infections

• Tuberculosis
• Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
• Toxoplasmosis — a parasitic infection resulting from contact with the feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
• Cat scratch fever — a bacterial infection from a cat scratch or bite

Immune system disorders

• Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
• Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the tissue that lines your joints (synovium)

Cancers

• Lymphoma — cancer that originates in your lymphatic system
• Leukemia — cancer of your body’s blood-forming tissue, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system
• Other cancers that have spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes

Other possible but rare causes include certain medications, such as the anti-seizure medication phenytoin (Dilantin) and preventive medications for malaria.

Complications

If infection is the cause of your swollen lymph nodes and isn’t treated, an abscess may form. Abscesses are localized collections of pus caused by infections. Pus contains fluid, white blood cells, dead tissue, and bacteria or other invaders. An abscess may require drainage and antibiotic treatment.

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Dear patients!
Multidisciplinary Clinic and Maternity Hospital “Paracelsus” informs you, according to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to the Federal Tax Service dated March 25, 2022. N BS-4-11 / 3605, that subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of Article 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for the taxpayer’s right to receive a social tax deduction in the amount paid by him in the tax period for medical services provided by medical organizations engaged in medical activities , him, his spouse, parents, children (including adopted children) under the age of 18, wards under the age of 18 (in accordance with the list of medical services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation).

Joint order of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia and the Ministry of Health of Russia of July 25, 2001 N 289 / BG-3-04 / 256 (hereinafter – the order of July 25, 2001) approved the form of the Certificate of payment for medical services for submission to the tax authorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the Certificate payment for medical services).

This certificate certifies the fact of receiving a medical service and its payment through the cash desk of a healthcare institution at the expense of the taxpayer.

Thus, if the taxpayer submits to the tax authority a Certificate of payment for medical services, the taxpayer’s failure to submit the relevant contract for the provision of medical services and (or) documents confirming payment cannot be grounds for refusing to provide such a deduction.

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Treatment of breast cancer in the third stage

If breast cancer was not diagnosed in the early stages, the tumor process gradually progresses and passes into the third stage. Stage 3 breast cancer requires treatment that is different from treatment for stages 1 and 2 and should be started immediately. Treatment tactics are selected individually: the surgeon and the oncologist collegially decide on the most rational treatment tactics.

Stage 3 symptoms

In stage 3, the tumor is usually larger than in stage 1 and 2 breast cancer, and there may also be metastasis to new groups of lymph nodes.

At this stage, the patient may notice the following symptoms:

• Swelling and enlarged lymph nodes can be felt. The tumor can lead to a change in the shape and size of the breast. On examination, you can notice the indrawing, which makes the surface of the chest uneven.
• There may be changes in the skin in the form of “orange peel” or in the form of redness, similar to inflammation (in the so-called inflamatory form of breast cancer). Sores or rashes may also appear on the skin.
• The chest may become edematous, its temperature may rise locally.
• There may be discharge from the nipple. They can be transparent, bloody, have a yellowish color. The shape of the nipple may also change: the nipple may become inverted or flattened.

These symptoms may sometimes be accompanied by chest pain.

Even at the third stage, the tumor can be difficult to detect by any clinical manifestations, so it is very important to undergo regular radiological screening studies – mammography, breast ultrasound; and, of course, do not forget about the monthly self-examination of the mammary glands.

Features of stage 3

The third stage of breast cancer is also called locally advanced. Tumor cells spread beyond the main focus to nearby tissues, and also continue to metastasize to the lymph nodes located near the main tumor focus.
The criteria for stage 3 breast cancer are:

• The tumor is larger than stage 1 and 2 (may be larger than 5 cm)
• Metastasis may spread to several lymph nodes in the axilla, which may be fused. Metastases can appear in other lymph nodes located near the chest: supraclavicular, subclavian lymph nodes, as well as in lymph nodes located near the sternum (parasternal).
• In addition to the breast itself, spread to other breast tissues such as skin, fascia, and chest wall muscles is possible.

An important criterion for talking about the third stage of breast cancer is the absence of metastasis to distant groups of lymph nodes and other organs.

According to the TNM classification, stage 3 of breast cancer can be defined as:

T0-T4 – depending on the size of the tumor

N0-N3 – depending on the prevalence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes and

M0 – no distant metastases.

The third stage of breast cancer is divided into substages 3A, 3B and 3C.

Substage 3a breast cancer is characterized by one of the following features:

• A breast tumor can be of any size, sometimes even difficult to detect, but four to nine lymph nodes with metastases or metastasis to the lymph nodes in the sternum was found.
• The primary tumor in the breast is larger than 5 cm, and one to three axillary lymph nodes are involved in the metastatic process.

Substage 3B breast cancer means that:

• The cancer has grown into the skin of the breast or chest wall.
• An inflammatory (inflamatory) form of breast cancer was diagnosed
• There are nine axillary lymph node metastases or metastases found in lymph nodes near the sternum (parasternal lymph nodes).

Substage 3C breast cancer is diagnosed when:

• The primary tumor can be any size, but there is invasion into the skin of the breast and/or chest tissue, and metastases are found in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes .
• Has metastasis to subclavian lymph nodes and lymph nodes near the sternum (parasternal lymph nodes).

Stage 3 Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Diagnosis necessarily includes a clinical examination. At the appointment, the doctor collects clinical data about the tumor and possible metastasis to the lymph nodes. Many important data can be obtained from examination and palpation of the chest.

Further, to clarify the diagnosis, radiological examinations are mandatory – mammography, ultrasound of the mammary glands and, if necessary, MRI of the breast. These studies are designed to determine the size and extent of the tumor. Sometimes CT or PET/CT may be ordered. These studies may provide additional information about the spread of the tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs.

After the detection of one or more tumor foci, it is imperative to confirm the presence of a malignant process by biopsy followed by histological analysis. A reliable method for confirming the malignancy of a tumor is only a core biopsy – it is also called a trephine biopsy. Also, to verify metastasis, doctors perform a biopsy of the lymph nodes. To study the lymph nodes, a fine-needle biopsy is most often performed, followed by a cytological or histological examination.

A biopsy of the tumor and lymph nodes is essential for developing a treatment plan. Histological examination of the biopsy material by various signs in the cells determines the degree of malignancy of the cancer. According to the results of histological assessment, the tumor is assigned to the class (grade) G1, G2, G3 . At the same time, G1 is the degree of moderate changes, indicating a small number of cells with signs of malignancy, and G2 and G3 indicate a more pronounced degree of cellular changes. Higher grade tumor cells grow faster and spread faster.

Tissue samples obtained from breast biopsy are also analyzed using immunohistochemical techniques.
Information about cancer cell receptor types is also essential for planning further treatment. The following indicators are important for the purpose of treatment:

In case of HER2 -positive breast cancer, an excess of HER2 receptors is present on the surface of tumor cells. A positive HER2 status means rapid tumor growth, but also the possibility of targeted therapy.

ER positive breast cancer cells have estrogen receptors on their surface. ER-positive status means that the hormone estrogen will have a stimulating effect on tumor growth.

PR -positive breast tumors have progesterone receptors on their cell surface and will grow when exposed to this hormone.

Triple negative breast cancer does not have any of the above receptors on the surface of tumor cells. This type of cancer is more difficult to treat.

Treatment of stage 3 breast cancer

Modern oncology can offer many effective options for the treatment of stage 3 breast cancer. At this stage, a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy is usually performed. Hormone therapy and targeted therapy with trastuzumab (Herceptin) may also be used.

Stage 3 breast cancer may require systemic chemotherapy before surgery, an option called neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

When prescribing neoadjuvant treatment, various factors are taken into account, such as the presence of metastases in the parasternal, supraclavicular and subclavian lymph nodes, the presence of an inflammatory form of breast cancer, as well as some other indications. You can read more about neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in our article: https://www.clinichelena.com/ru/onkologicheskoe-lechenie-raka-grudi/

As for surgical treatment, mastectomy is more often performed in stage 3 than organ-preserving operations . This is due to the large size of the tumor and possible tumor invasion into the skin and chest wall. In some cases, the removal of breast tissue can be combined with simultaneous breast reconstruction. If the situation allows saving the skin of the breast, then the patient may be offered a subcutaneous mastectomy with the installation of an expander prosthesis. After completion of postoperative adjuvant treatment, the expander prosthesis will be replaced with a permanent implant, or reconstruction with own tissues can be performed. You can read about such a reconstruction in our article:

To achieve an optimal result when installing an expander or an implant, oncoplastic surgeons at the Helena Clinic use a special biological material – “acellular dermal matrix” (ADM). This innovative biological material is used to support the lower pole of an expander or implant, to achieve the best aesthetic result and reduce the risk of complications such as capsular contracture. This material is unique in that it is able to fully integrate into the patient’s own surrounding tissues. Over time, tissues, vessels and nerve fibers grow into the matrix, and it reliably supports the implant. You can read about primary breast reconstruction on our website: https://www.clinichelena.com/ru/odnomomentnaya-rekonstruktsiya-grudi/

If the skin of the breast cannot be preserved, a radical mastectomy is performed. When the body recovers from cancer treatment, surgery can be scheduled to restore the shape of the breast. The Helena Clinic believes that the best reconstruction option is reconstruction with one’s own tissues. 90% of all breast reconstructions at the Helena Clinic are performed by transplanting the patient’s own tissues to the mastectomy area and restoring the shape of the breast from them. This method provides the most natural result. The reconstructed breast becomes part of the body and has the same temperature and density as the surrounding tissues. And the innovative “Sensitive Breast” method, developed by the chief physician of the Helena Clinic, MD Helena Puonti, allows even skin sensitivity to be restored to the reconstructed breast. You can read more about reconstruction with your own tissues at Helena Clinic in our detailed article: https://www.clinichelena.com/ru/mikroneirovaskulyarnaya-tram-rekonstrukciya-grudi/

Prognosis

The prognosis of a cure for stage 3 cancer largely depends on various factors: the degree of invasion and metastasis, the degree of malignancy of the tumor, the type of tumor cell receptors, the presence of a BRCA mutation, and others.

The right combination of systemic therapy and local treatment is very important for the best possible prognosis in stage 3 breast cancer. Thanks to complex treatment and the development of effective treatment regimens, cancer at stage 3 is more and more amenable to complete cure every year. It is very important after the end of the cancer treatment complex to follow the recommendations for conducting control studies. Stage 3 cancer recurs more frequently than stage 1 and 2 cancers. The effectiveness of its treatment depends on how quickly a possible relapse is detected.

For monitoring, radiological studies (ultrasound, mammography, CT, MRI) and laboratory tests are used, including dynamic monitoring of the level of tumor markers, primarily CA 15-3.

Rehabilitation

In most cases, stage 3 breast cancer has metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes. The task of the surgeon is to remove all metastatic lymph nodes during the operation. This is extremely important for the health of the patient. Unfortunately, the removal of lymph nodes can significantly disrupt the circulation of lymph in the arm and cause lymph stagnation – lymphostasis. Therefore, at the stage of rehabilitation, in addition to all its other areas – physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises, dietology – it is necessary to consult a lymphotherapist.

At the first appearance of signs of lymphedema, such as swelling and enlargement of the hand, therapy should be initiated. Treatment of lymphostasis begins with conservative methods that prevent the accumulation of lymph in the arm. For this, patients are advised to wear a compression sleeve or glove. It is also recommended to periodically carry out professional lymphatic drainage massage or LPG. So that lymphostasis does not increase, it is necessary from the very beginning to prevent the accumulation of lymph in the hand and to promote its outflow. You need to know that the advanced form of lymphostasis is more difficult to treat, so it is better to consult a specialist at the first sign of an increase in arm volume.

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to achieve success only with the help of conservative therapy. Then in the Helena Clinic, patients are offered surgical correction of lymphostasis. You can read about the methods of surgical treatment of lymphostasis at the Helena Clinic in our detailed article: https://www.clinichelena.com/ru/mikrohirurgicheskoe-lechenie-limfostaza-ruki/

Why choose the Helena Clinic

Modern treatment breast cancer necessarily requires the interaction of doctors of different specialties. The strength of the Helena Clinic is the collegial work of oncologists-chemotherapists, oncoplastic surgeons, pathohistologists, radiotherapy and radiodiagnostics doctors.

The possibility of holding a medical consultation is extremely important for the treatment of stage 3 breast cancer, since the treatment plan necessarily consists of several stages, each of which is the responsibility of a doctor of a particular specialty. When the medical treatment strategy is developed, the final treatment plan is discussed in detail with the patient. At the Helena Clinic, we are convinced that for effective treatment, well-coordinated interaction of all participants in the treatment is necessary – both doctors and patients equally.