What are the common causes of hand swelling. How can you identify oedema symptoms. What self-care measures can alleviate swollen hands. When should you seek medical attention for hand swelling. What treatments are available for persistent hand oedema.

Common Causes of Hand and Arm Swelling

Hand and arm swelling, also known as oedema, can occur due to various reasons. Understanding these causes is crucial for proper management and treatment. Here are some of the most common factors:

• Prolonged inactivity or maintaining the same position for extended periods
• Excessive salt consumption
• Pregnancy
• Certain medications, including some blood pressure drugs, contraceptives, antidepressants, and steroids
• Injuries such as strains or sprains
• Sudden temperature changes, particularly extreme heat
• Insect bites or stings
• Skin allergies, like angioedema
• Underlying health conditions affecting the kidneys, liver, or heart
• Blood clots
• Infections
• Specific medical conditions such as lymphoedema or psoriatic arthritis

Understanding the root cause of your hand swelling is essential for determining the appropriate course of action. While some cases may resolve on their own, others might require medical intervention.

Recognizing Oedema: Key Symptoms to Watch For

Identifying oedema early can help in managing the condition more effectively. The primary symptoms of oedema in the hands and arms include:

• Visible swelling or puffiness in the arms or hands
• Skin that appears shiny or stretched
• Difficulty moving the affected area
• A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the swollen region

Is oedema always a cause for concern? While occasional swelling may not be serious, persistent or severe oedema could indicate an underlying health issue. If you notice these symptoms persisting for more than a few days or if they’re accompanied by pain or redness, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

Self-Care Strategies for Alleviating Hand Swelling

In many cases, hand and arm swelling can be managed at home with simple self-care measures. Here are some effective strategies to reduce swelling:

1. Elevate the affected area: When resting, use pillows to raise your swollen hand or arm above heart level.
2. Keep moving: Gentle exercises, such as opening and closing your fist while your hand is raised, can help improve circulation.
3. Massage: Use firm but gentle pressure to massage from your fingertips towards your palm and up your arm.
4. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out excess fluids.
5. Contrast bath: Alternating between warm and cold water baths for your hands can help stimulate circulation and reduce swelling.
6. Maintain hygiene: Keep the affected area clean, dry, and moisturized to prevent infections.
7. Light exercise: Activities like walking can improve overall blood flow.

How long should you try these self-care measures before seeking medical help? If the swelling doesn’t improve after a few days of home treatment, it’s time to consult a healthcare provider.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Hand Swelling

While many instances of hand swelling can be managed at home, certain situations require prompt medical attention. Be alert for the following signs:

• Swelling in only one arm or hand without an apparent cause
• Severe, painful, or sudden onset of swelling
• Redness or warmth in the swollen area
• Swelling accompanied by high fever or chills
• Persistent swelling in individuals with diabetes
• Shortness of breath or chest pain along with swelling

Why is it crucial to seek immediate medical care for these symptoms? These signs could indicate more serious conditions such as infections, blood clots, or heart problems that require urgent treatment. In case of severe shortness of breath or chest pain, emergency medical services should be contacted immediately as these could be signs of a pulmonary embolism.

Medical Treatments for Persistent Hand Oedema

When hand swelling doesn’t resolve with self-care measures, medical intervention may be necessary. The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause of the oedema. Some common medical treatments include:

• Medication adjustments: If the swelling is a side effect of certain medications, your doctor may alter your prescription.
• Diuretics: These ‘water pills’ can help reduce fluid retention in the body.
• Compression garments: Special gloves or sleeves may be recommended to prevent swelling recurrence.
• Treatment of underlying conditions: If the oedema is due to a specific health issue, addressing that condition will be a priority.
• Lifestyle modifications: Your healthcare provider might suggest changes such as reducing salt intake or losing weight.

How effective are these treatments in managing persistent oedema? While the effectiveness can vary depending on the cause, most patients experience significant improvement with appropriate medical intervention and lifestyle changes.

Preventing Hand Swelling: Proactive Measures

Prevention is often the best approach when it comes to hand swelling. Here are some proactive steps you can take to minimize the risk of developing oedema:

• Maintain a balanced diet low in sodium
• Stay physically active and avoid prolonged periods of inactivity
• Keep your hands and arms elevated when possible, especially during sleep
• Wear loose-fitting jewelry and clothing to avoid constricting blood flow
• Manage underlying health conditions effectively
• Stay hydrated but avoid excessive fluid intake
• Protect your hands and arms from extreme temperatures and insect bites

Can these preventive measures completely eliminate the risk of hand swelling? While they can significantly reduce the likelihood of oedema, some factors like genetics or certain medical conditions may still lead to swelling despite these precautions.

Understanding the Impact of Lifestyle on Hand Swelling

Your daily habits and lifestyle choices can significantly influence the occurrence and severity of hand swelling. Consider the following aspects:

• Diet: High salt intake can lead to fluid retention and swelling.
• Physical activity: Regular exercise promotes good circulation and helps prevent fluid buildup.
• Posture and ergonomics: Poor posture or repetitive hand movements can contribute to swelling.
• Stress levels: Chronic stress can affect your body’s fluid balance and potentially lead to swelling.
• Sleep patterns: Inadequate sleep can disrupt your body’s natural processes, including fluid regulation.

How can you incorporate these lifestyle factors into a swelling prevention strategy? Start by making small, sustainable changes. Gradually reduce your salt intake, incorporate more movement into your daily routine, practice good posture, manage stress through relaxation techniques, and prioritize quality sleep. These changes not only help prevent hand swelling but also contribute to overall health and well-being.

The Role of Hydration in Managing Hand Swelling

Proper hydration plays a crucial role in managing and preventing hand swelling. While it might seem counterintuitive, drinking adequate water can actually help reduce fluid retention. Here’s how hydration affects oedema:

• Helps flush out excess sodium: Proper hydration allows your body to excrete excess salt, reducing fluid retention.
• Supports kidney function: Well-hydrated kidneys can more effectively regulate fluid balance in the body.
• Improves circulation: Good hydration helps maintain proper blood flow, reducing the risk of swelling.
• Prevents dehydration-induced swelling: When dehydrated, your body may retain fluid, leading to swelling.

How much water should you drink to help manage hand swelling? While individual needs vary, aim for about 8 glasses (64 ounces) of water per day. However, be cautious not to overhydrate, as this can sometimes exacerbate swelling. Listen to your body and consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Are there specific types of fluids that are better for managing hand swelling? While water is generally the best choice, some herbal teas like dandelion or green tea may have mild diuretic effects that could help reduce swelling. However, it’s important to avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol, as these can contribute to dehydration and potentially worsen swelling.

Exploring the Connection Between Hand Swelling and Underlying Health Conditions

Hand swelling can sometimes be a symptom of an underlying health condition. Understanding these connections can help in early detection and management of potential health issues. Some conditions associated with hand swelling include:

• Arthritis: Various forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, can cause joint inflammation and swelling in the hands.
• Lymphedema: This condition results from a blockage in the lymphatic system, leading to fluid buildup and swelling.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: While primarily causing pain and numbness, this condition can also lead to hand swelling.
• Kidney or liver disease: These conditions can affect the body’s ability to regulate fluid balance, potentially causing swelling in extremities.
• Heart conditions: Certain heart problems can lead to fluid retention and swelling in various parts of the body, including the hands.

How can you differentiate between temporary hand swelling and swelling caused by an underlying condition? Swelling due to underlying health issues tends to be more persistent and may be accompanied by other symptoms specific to the condition. If you experience recurring or persistent hand swelling, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis.

What diagnostic tests might a doctor perform to identify the cause of chronic hand swelling? Depending on the suspected cause, your healthcare provider might recommend blood tests, imaging studies like X-rays or MRI, or specialized tests to assess circulation and lymphatic function. These tests can help pinpoint the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Occupational Factors and Hand Swelling: Understanding the Risks

Certain occupations and work-related activities can increase the risk of hand swelling. Understanding these factors can help in implementing preventive measures and maintaining hand health. Here are some occupational risks to consider:

• Repetitive motions: Jobs that require repetitive hand movements, such as typing or assembly line work, can lead to inflammation and swelling.
• Prolonged computer use: Extended periods of keyboard and mouse use can contribute to hand and wrist swelling.
• Heavy lifting: Occupations involving frequent lifting of heavy objects can strain the hands and arms, potentially causing swelling.
• Vibrating tools: Regular use of vibrating tools can affect circulation and potentially lead to hand swelling.
• Extreme temperatures: Working in very hot or cold environments can impact circulation and fluid retention in the hands.

How can workers in these high-risk occupations protect themselves from hand swelling? Implementing ergonomic practices, taking regular breaks, using protective equipment, and performing hand and wrist exercises can help mitigate the risk of occupational-related hand swelling.

What role do employers play in preventing work-related hand swelling? Employers have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment. This may include offering ergonomic equipment, providing training on proper techniques, allowing for adequate breaks, and implementing job rotation to reduce repetitive strain.

Hand swelling, while often benign, can sometimes indicate more serious underlying issues. By understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms, and knowing when to seek medical attention, you can effectively manage this condition and maintain overall hand health. Remember, persistent or concerning symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Swollen arms and hands (oedema)

Swelling in the arms or hands (oedema) often goes away on its own. See a GP if it does not get better in a few days.

Common causes of swollen arms and hands

Swelling in the arms and hands is often caused by a build-up of fluid in these areas.

It’s usually caused by:

• staying in the same position for too long
• eating too much salty food
• being pregnant
• taking certain medicines – such as some blood pressure medicines, contraceptive pills, antidepressants and steroids

It can also be caused by:

• an injury – such as a strain or sprain
• sudden changes in temperature – such as very hot weather
• an insect bite or sting
• a skin allergy such as angioedema
• problems with your kidneys, liver or heart
• a blood clot
• an infection
• some conditions such as lymphoedema or psoriatic arthritis

Information:

Find out more about swollen ankles, feet and fingers in pregnancy

Check if you have oedema

Symptoms of oedema include:

Swollen or puffy arms or hands.

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Shiny, stretched skin.

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SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/648284/view

How to ease swelling yourself

Swelling in your arms or hands should go away on its own, but there are some things you can try to help.

Do

• lie down and use pillows to raise the swollen area when you can

• move your whole arm and shoulder

• try raising your hand above your head while you open and close your fist

• massage your arm or hand towards your body using firm but not painful pressure – for example, start at your fingertips and massage towards your palm

• get some gentle exercise, like walking, to improve your blood flow

• drink plenty of water

• wash, dry and moisturise your arms or hands to avoid infections

• put your hands in a bath of warm water and then cold water to help move the fluid away from the area

Non-urgent advice: See a GP if your arm or hand is swollen and:

• your arm or hand is swollen and it has not improved after treating it at home for a few days
• the swelling gets worse

Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:

• you have swelling in only 1 arm or hand and there’s no obvious cause, such as an injury
• the swelling is severe, painful or starts very suddenly
• the swollen area is red or feels hot to the touch
• your arm or hand is swollen and your temperature is very high, or you feel hot and shivery
• you have diabetes and your arm or hand is swollen

You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.

Immediate action required: Call 999 if:

• you feel short of breath or are struggling to breathe
• your chest feels tight, heavy or painful

You could have a blood clot in your lungs, which needs immediate treatment in hospital.

Treatment for swelling

Treatment for swelling or oedema that does not go away on its own will depend on the cause.

Possible treatments include:

• changing your medicine if this is the cause of the swelling
• treating any condition that is causing the swelling
• diuretics (water pills) to help reduce the swelling
• wearing special gloves or sleeves to stop any swelling from coming back (compression aids)

Treatment may also include lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or going on a low-salt diet.

Page last reviewed: 02 March 2022
Next review due: 02 March 2025

Top 11 Causes of Hand Swelling

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Understand what is causing your hands to swell and how to treat it.

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Written by

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Last updated May 25, 2023

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Most common questions

Causes

Next Steps

Emergency symptoms

Treatment

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Written by

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Last updated May 25, 2023

Hand swelling quiz

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6 most common causes

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Deep Vein Thrombosis

Contact Dermatitis

Osteoarthritis

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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

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Scleroderma

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Lymphedema

Hand swelling quiz

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Most common questions

Swelling in the hands can be attributed to a wide variety of factors, including injuries, infections, allergies, inflammation, and underlying medical conditions like kidney or liver disease. Blockages in the lymphatic system or circulatory problems like blood clots may also be contributing factors.

Read more about common causes

It is important to seek the advice of a healthcare professional if you are experiencing hand swelling. A proper diagnosis can help determine the underlying cause of the swelling and facilitate the development of an appropriate treatment plan.

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If you’re experiencing hand swelling, it’s crucial to know when to seek emergency medical care. Although most cases of hand swelling can be managed on an outpatient basis, there are situations where it could be indicative of a serious underlying medical condition. If the swelling occurs suddenly, is severe, and is accompanied by intense pain, fever, or difficulty moving the affected hand, it could be a sign of a severe infection or blood clot. In such cases, prompt medical attention is necessary. It’s always better to err on the side of caution, so if you’re unsure whether your hand swelling requires emergency care, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention.

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If you are experiencing hand swelling, it is important to seek medical attention if the swelling is severe, painful, or accompanied by other symptoms such as redness, warmth, or fever. If you believe the cause of the hand swelling can be explained by minor injury or allergy, a medical visit may not be necessary. Hand swelling has many different causes and could be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires prompt treatment.  It is always important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if there is uncertainty about the cause of the swelling.

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For mild hand swelling without accompanying symptoms, some simple home remedies such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation could be effective. However, if swelling persists, worsens, or is accompanied by fever or severe pain, seek medical attention immediately.

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What’s causing your hands to swell?

When hands swell, it’s hard to ignore. Especially as the swelling often comes with pain. And it may be more difficult to hold objects and carry out daily activities.

Hand swelling is typically caused by fluid retention, arthritis, or a rise in your body temperature. Some causes will improve on their own and are not cause for alarm. Others can become more serious and damage the structures of the hand. Hand swelling may also indicate an underlying illness.

Treatment depends on the cause of your hand swelling, but in general, following the R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) protocol can usually treat most causes of swelling. You may also need medication for underlying conditions.

Pro Tip

Hands are important for almost everything we do daily. When they are swollen, it can really interfere with your activities of daily living and decrease your quality of life. —Dr. Chandra Manuelpillai

Causes

1.

Arthritis

Symptoms

• Pain (dull or burning), especially when using the hand (or after using it)
• Stiffness
• Swelling around the joint

Arthritis is a leading cause of swollen hands and fingers. It is an inflammation in the joints, and causes swelling and pain. As swelling and joint inflammation worsen, using the hands can become more difficult. Types of arthritis include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and gout.

• Osteoarthritis: Breakdown of protective cartilage from daily wear and tear.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes swelling of joints and tends to occur in the hands first. It affects both hands at the same time.
• Psoriatic arthritis: Sausage-like swelling of one or more fingers associated with psoriasis (chronic inflammatory skin condition).
• Gout: Usually pain, swelling, and redness of a single or a few joints due to the formation of crystals in the joint.

2.

Retained fluid

Symptoms

• Swelling of both hands and/or fingers

Your body has many processes that work to maintain the fluid balance. But sometimes you can have an accumulation of fluid, which leads to swelling in your hands. Fluid retention has a number of causes:

• Diet (eating too much salt or carbohydrates).
• A number of medical conditions including thyroid, liver, or kidney disease.
• Pregnancy can cause women to retain water. If you are pregnant and suddenly develop swelling, call your doctor. This may be a sign of a serious condition called pre-eclampsia, which causes an increase in blood pressure. If left untreated, it could be life-threatening for you and the fetus.
• Being perimenopausal or menopausal.
• Some medications may cause hand swelling including steroids, pain medications (aspirin, ibuprofen), hormonal therapy (estrogen, testosterone), diabetes medications, or blood pressure medications.

3. Dependent edema

Symptoms

• Swelling of one or both hands

Dependent edema is caused by your hand being held lower than the heart for a prolonged amount of time. This can be because of its position when sitting or sleeping. Or it can happen after being kept in one position for a long time—like when traveling.

Certain environmental conditions—heat, hot weather, exercising—cause blood vessels to dilate, leading to swelling. It should go away soon after changing the position of your hand or when no longer being exposed to the environmental factors. But you may also need to elevate your hands or use compression bandages.

4. Injuries

Symptoms

• Pain near the injury site
• Painful to move your fingers or joints
• Possible bruising, deformity, and/or swelling

Hand injuries include fractures (broken bones), dislocations (bones no longer aligned properly), sprains (overstretched ligament), and strains (overstretched tendon/muscles). You can also have crush injuries when the hand or part of the hand is crushed. This leads to swelling from muscle damage.

5. Infections

Symptoms

• Either local or generalized swelling and/or pain.
• Usually associated with red discoloration and/or warmth to touch.
• Sometimes has lesions or is oozing pus.

Infections can involve the skin, nail, tissue, joints, and/or tendons. This includes:

• Paronychia: infection involving cuticle area of nail.
• Felon: infection involving fingertip.
• Herpetic whitlow: herpes infection leading to blisters on fingers.
• Flexor tenosynovitis: infection of the tendon leading to sausage-like swelling and a bent finger. It causes severe pain if you try to straighten it.
• Septic joint: infection within the finger joint leading to pain, swelling, and redness, and being unable to move your finger.
• Cellulitis: infection of skin leading to pain, swelling, and redness.
• Bite wounds: infection from bite wounds most commonly from dogs, cats, or people.

Pro Tip

Finger and hand infections spread quickly and deeply. It is very important that these infections are diagnosed and treated early. Do not wait to see your doctor. Take care of your hands! —Dr. Manuelpillai

6. Lumps and bumps

Symptoms

• Swelling on your hands.
• Itching particularly with insect bites or allergic reactions.
• Nodules in the palm due to abnormal tissue thickening with Dupuytren’s disease. This leads to tightening of tissue, visible bands, and what’s called contractures (pulling of fingers—most commonly ring and pinky finger—towards palms).

Rather than swelling of the entire hand, you may notice a smaller mass. These have several possible causes:

• Cancer such as skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma) or sarcoma (bone or tissue cancer).
• Cysts such as a ganglion cyst (fluid-filled cyst usually by finger joint or wrist) and epidermal inclusion cyst (filled with skin protein).
• Non-cancerous tumors such as a lipoma (fat tumor), giant cell tumor (painless mass at end of bones near joint), neuroma (nerve tumor), and fibroma (connective tissue tumor).
• Warts: skin-colored growths due to human papillomavirus (HPV).

7. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Symptoms

• Pain which may initially be just by the affected vessel then spreads to the area
• Swelling which may initially be just by the affected vessel then spreads to the area
• Possible redness and/or warmth

A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a clot forms in a blood vessel. The clot blocks blood flow and leads to swelling. The clot may be caused by trauma, infection, or catheter placement. It may also be caused by conditions that increase your risk of forming clots such as cancer, pregnancy, or a blood clotting disorder.

8. Lymphedema

Symptoms

• Swelling usually in one arm, but may be both

The swelling associated with lymphedema is caused by abnormal drainage of lymph nodes, which are part of your immune system. It is often due to a complication from cancer treatment such as removal of lymph nodes or damage from radiation treatment.

It could also occur because a cancerous mass is blocking lymphatic drainage. Or it can be due to a complication from other surgeries, as well as from infections. Elastic bandages are often used to decrease swelling and help with drainage.

9. Contact dermatitis

Symptoms

• Red, itchy rash on your hand
• Swollen skin
• Dry, cracked skin
• Blisters in serious cases

Contact dermatitis is a skin reaction caused by touching an irritating substance, such as soap, bleach, cleaning agents, or other chemicals. Treatment includes avoiding the substance and using steroid or barrier cream/ointment on hands until the dermatitis clears.

10. Scleroderma

Symptoms

• Pain
• Swelling or puffiness—fingers may resemble sausages
• Thickened, shiny, or discolored skin
• Pale or blue fingers that get numb when exposed to cold or stress

Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease leading to thickening of skin. It causes swelling and stiffness of skin and joints of the fingers and hands. It’s often associated with Raynaud’s syndrome, which causes blood vessels to narrow, leading to a lack of blood flow. Scleroderma causes scarring of many body parts, leading to problems in the lungs, kidneys, heart, digestive tract, and other areas.

11. Thoracic outlet syndrome

Symptoms

• Pain in arm and/or hand
• Swelling in arm and/or hand
• Numbness which may include neck, shoulder, arm, and/or hand
• Cold fingers/hand
• Weak grip

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of nerves and/or blood vessels in the area between your collarbone and first rib. It causes pain, swelling, and numbness. This may be due to trauma, malignancy, pregnancy, or being born with an extra rib.

Causes of hand swelling in children

• Kawasaki disease: Hand swelling can be one sign of a syndrome that also involves high fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a red tongue.
• Sickle cell disease: Swelling of the fingers and hands is a common sign of sickle cell disease in young children.
• Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19: Redness and/or swelling of hands and/or feet in children with a history of COVID-19 or exposure to the coronavirus. This may lead to multisystem organ involvement.

When to call the doctor

• You are concerned about a child who has hand swelling and has been diagnosed with sickle cell disease, or the child also has a fever.
• You are pregnant.
• You recently started a new medication.
• You were previously diagnosed with arthritis, sickle cell disease, or organ failure.
• You have a persistent growth on the hand.
• You develop open sores on the hand or fingers.

Dr. Rx

I can’t tell you how many times I have had a patient with a clear bite wound on the hand from a fight who adamantly denies it until I read them the riot act of the potential complication of delayed treatment. Your doctor is not there to judge you, so just be honest. —Dr. Manuelpillai

Should I go to the ER for hand swelling?

You may need to go to the ER if you’re having the following symptoms.

• You have a hand injury with tingling, numb, weak, or cold fingers.
• You have difficulty breathing or facial swelling.
• You have decreased ability to move one or more fingers.
• Your hand swelling occurred after a human or animal bite.
• You have pain and swelling after falling onto an outstretched hand.
• You are concerned about progression of an allergic reaction.

How to treat your swollen hands

At-home care

Care depends on the cause of the swelling, but in general, following R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) protocol will treat most causes of swelling. You may also need pain medications.

• Ice can help reduce swelling immediately after an injury.
• Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen to help with swollen joints and pain.
• Compression with bandages helps decrease swelling and helps blood vessels remove fluid collecting in an area.
• Elevation will help blood vessels carry fluid away from the affected area.

Other treatment options

Your doctor may prescribe any of the following treatments, depending on the cause of the hand swelling:

• Procedure to remove a lump or mass.
• Treatment for an underlying medical condition.
• A diuretic medication to decrease the amount of fluid in the body.
• Immobilization using a sling, splint, ace wrap, cast, or splint.

Chandra Manuelpillai, MD.

Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine

Dr. Manuelpillai is a board-certified Emergency Medicine physician. She received her undergraduate degree in Health Science Studies from Quinnipiac University (2002). She then went on to graduated from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Sciences/The Chicago Medical School (2007) where she served on the Executive Student Council, as well as was the alternate delegate to the AMA/ISMS-MSS G. ..

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Hand edema is a cause for concern if it occurs frequently or almost daily, is accompanied by additional symptoms, is aggravated or is not eliminated by simple methods.

Why the hand swells in adults

Swelling of the hand or both at once can be physiological or be a sign of pathology. It may be localized or spread to surrounding tissues. With swelling, the limb increases in volume, discomfort, soreness, and inconvenience when performing precise finger movements may be felt. It is difficult to remove the rings from the fingers or the watch from the wrist.

Swelling on the right or left arm occurs when blood or lymphatic vessels are compressed by items of clothing during sleep. Swelling of the fingers and hands, which is especially noticeable if you remove rings or watches, occurs after alcohol or excess salty foods, fluids at night.

Right arm

Slight local edema, if the mobility of the limb is preserved, is possible with bruises. In the area of ​​​​edema, there may be soreness, redness, bruises or abrasions may appear. If it is a hematoma, the edema will be more pronounced, a seal is determined under the skin, in the center of which fluctuation (fluid movement) is felt. Swelling is typical for sprains in the area of ​​the carpal, elbow or shoulder joint, with torn ligaments or their rupture. Severe pain is characteristic, which increases with movement, if the ligaments are torn, it is almost impossible to move the arm.

Edema is possible with fractures of bones, dislocations of joints. Then there is pain, limb deformity, complete impossibility of movement.

Edema may occur with frostbite of the fingers, burns, infectious processes in the area of ​​the hand, forearm or shoulder.

Left hand

Swelling of the finger of the left hand (as well as the right one) is possible with panaritium – suppuration in the phalanx. If it is a deeper lesion, the edema passes to the hand. Carbuncles or boils on any part of the arm can also lead to swelling. In this case, cyanosis or a purple area with suppuration is visible in the center of the inflamed focus. Edema is possible with suppuration of wounds, erysipelas, purulent arthritis and osteomyelitis.

Joint damage in other forms of arthritis also leads to tissue swelling. With rheumatoid arthritis, the joints of both hands are symmetrically affected, with gout, the fingers swell, with psoriasis, the joints of the fingers and hand.

Edema is typical for joint damage – thrombosis. In addition to edema, a feeling of fullness, pain, thickening of tissues, discoloration of the skin, crawling, and a change in sensitivity are typical.

Morning

Lymphedema is possible after breast removal surgery if axillary lymph nodes have been excised. Puffiness may increase or appear in the morning with malformations of the lymphatic capillaries, with post-burn scars, thrombophlebitis, lymphadenitis. Without treatment, swelling can become permanent.

Hand edema also occurs against the background of heart failure. In the morning they are minimal, intensify in the evening. In contrast, renal swelling of the hands is most pronounced in the morning and decreases or disappears during the day.

Pregnancy

Swelling in the fingers or hands is due to hormonal changes, especially as the pregnancy progresses. In the first trimester, a slight swelling of the fingers is typical, which is almost not noticeable. By the third trimester, swelling can be pronounced, making it difficult to wear rings, watches, bracelets. Puffiness gradually disappears in the first days after childbirth.

However, in pregnant women, pathological edema associated with hypertension, excess weight gain and the development of preeclampsia is also possible. Then the appearance of protein in the urine, a pronounced weight gain per week, severe swelling of the arms and legs, face, and body are typical.

How to relieve swollen hands in adults

At home or for first aid, you need to give an elevated position to the hand.

If this is an injury, the hand should be immobilized with a bandage or splint, a cold compress should be applied to the affected area, and an anesthetic should be taken.

If these are diseases of the joints, it is necessary to use painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs locally and orally. If the swelling develops quickly, with severe pain and dysfunction of the hand, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Doctors have two options for treating edema – conservative and surgical. It depends on the cause, the severity of the condition, and possible complications.

Andrey Grachev MD, cardiologist, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

In case of injuries, emergency care, bandages, anti-inflammatory drugs, anesthesia are indicated. With vascular edema, antispasmodic, angioprotective and phlebotonic drugs are used.

Physiotherapy, gymnastics, massage or manual therapy are also prescribed.

If the injury is serious or severe lesions of blood vessels, bones, joints are detected, the edema is not eliminated, surgical interventions are used.

Popular Questions and Answers

Swelling can be short term and not life-threatening. But sometimes they are symptoms of dangerous conditions. cardiologist Andrey Grachev helped us figure out the problem.

Why is hand swelling dangerous?

Swelling is often a sign of a serious infection, cancer, heart or kidney problems. And if the swelling is persistent, then the disease has worsened or is rapidly progressing. Edema can be complicated by tissue malnutrition, skin inflammation, stretch marks, and discoloration.

When should I see a doctor for swollen hands?

In any situation when you notice swelling of the hands – in the morning, in the evening or during the day, you need a doctor’s consultation and at least a minimal set of tests and examinations. Edema itself is a symptom of problems in the body, and you need to find out what caused it.

Is it possible to remove swelling of the hands with folk remedies?

There are a number of diuretic decoctions and infusions, but it is extremely dangerous to use them on your own, not knowing what the causes of edema are. This can lead to a worsening of the situation, an electrolyte imbalance, a sharp decrease in pressure, dehydration and malaise.

In addition, various traditional medicines can cause allergies, worsen the condition, negatively affect the effects of the drugs taken and have a number of contraindications for taking. Folk remedies are not equal to the concept of “safe”.

What if only one arm is swollen?

If one arm is swollen, see a surgeon or physician, depending on the suspected cause. At the time of the examination, it is worth disturbing the sore arm less, giving it an elevated position so that the liquid flows more easily, do not sleep on this side, do not press the arm to the body. Also, do not massage the swollen hand, carry out any activities without the permission of the doctor.

Edema of the hands – causes, treatment, symptoms, what is it

Contents

• Types
• Symptoms of swollen hands
• Why hands swell
• Causes
• Diagnosis
• How to deal with swollen hands

9 0085 Types of treatment

The term “edema” is used in case of excess volume of fluid in the intercellular space. May have different reasons. Swelling of the hands can be caused by physiological or pathological factors. Occur after injury, past infections, diseases of the joints, damage to blood vessels and due to disorders of the lymphatic system.

Swelling of the upper limbs accompanied by an increase in volume and a feeling of heaviness. Diagnosis of the cause of swelling of the hands is carried out using X-ray, MRI, CT, ultrasound. If necessary, laboratory tests are ordered.

Many do not know what to do if their hands swell. You need to see a doctor. Treatment is determined by the cause of clinical symptoms.

Species

Localized edema of the upper limb limited by the vascular bed. Unilateral involvement usually occurs due to venous or lymphatic obstruction, deep vein thrombosis, tumor obstruction, or postcoronary bypass surgery. Congestive edema of the paralyzed upper limb may also occur. Localized swelling also occurs after the application of a constriction bandage.

Edema of the hands are:

• By area of ​​coverage – unilateral and bilateral.
• Depending on the cause – physiological, traumatic, pathological.
• According to the affected area – mechanical, neurological, cardiological.

The most common is unilateral edema of the upper extremity. In 60% of cases, it occurs before menstruation, during pregnancy, after nervous strain and physical overload. Puffiness indicates that violations occur in the body.

Lymphedema is caused by changes in the lymphatic system. Limbs swell mainly with congenital disorders. The cause is also acquired damage as a result of operations, burns, infections, strokes that destroy blood vessels.

Dynamic edema accompanied by excess fluid in the absence of changes in the lymphatic system. Most often, the cause is blood clots or disorders of the blood vessels. Puffiness develops after inflammatory diseases or medications. In women, swelling of the hands can develop due to varicose veins or hormonal changes in the body.

The main factors of swelling of the upper limbs are changes in the biochemical composition of blood plasma and tissue fluid. Violations occur due to increased capillary permeability and against the background of hormonal changes.

Symptoms of swelling of the hands

Pressing on the swollen skin leaves a mark that disappears after 30-60 seconds. The longer the dent remains, the more serious the problem. Often, swelling of the hands is combined with swelling of the face and neck. The cardiological cause is accompanied by cyanosis of the skin, venous dysfunctions lead to the appearance of a vascular network or stretch marks. A serious cause for concern is asymmetry.

Edema impairs healing and causes pain and stiffness, and therefore compromises functional healing of the limb. Preventing the development of such complications is an ongoing challenge for surgeons. Therefore, in the treatment of edema, the principles of lifting and active movement are important. Each cause of edema has its own specific treatment.

The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of the following symptoms:

• unexplained diffuse pain;
• discoloration relative to the opposite limb,
• increase in local temperature;
• puffiness or bulking;
• limited range of motion

Symptoms occur or worsen during or after exercise. Tension of the skin and restriction of movement sometimes lead to complications. Edema can compress surrounding anatomical structures.

Pressure on the nerves causes tingling or paralysis of individual fingers. The blood supplying blood vessels may also be occluded due to increased swelling. This leads to a violation of blood circulation, which is additionally manifested by blue fingertips.

Why hands swell

One-sided lesion is typical for compression of veins and lymphatic vessels. Symmetrical swelling of the fingers or distal parts of the upper extremities occurs when wearing rings, after drinking a large amount of liquid, salty foods or alcoholic beverages.

In women, swelling of the hands can occur with changes in hormonal levels, often during pregnancy. As the gestation period increases, the symptoms increase, ranging from slight pastiness to an increase in the volume of the upper limb. In some women, swelling occurs before menstruation due to premenstrual syndrome.

In Tibetan medicine, edema is associated with damage to the body by pathogenic factors and impaired transport functions. This is due to dysfunction of the bladder against the background of an insufficient amount of Qi energy. As a result, the movement of fluids in the body is disturbed, stagnation occurs, followed by accumulation.

Hand edema is caused by damage to the “Wind” dosha by the pathogen, the accumulation of raw heat, a violation of the descending function of the lungs and the impossibility of the spleen to transform.

Puffiness Yang, as a rule:

• occurs rapidly;
• persists for several days;
• symptoms appear first in the head, then in the upper and lower limbs.

Yang edema is characterized by tightness of the skin, a feeling of heat and excessive thirst. Urination is short and hot, constipation develops, and there is a syndrome of excessive heat.

Yin edema occurs due to food damage or overwork. The condition may occur after a history of kidney or spleen disease. The symptomatology of asthenic cold is characteristic, which consists in the friability of the subcutaneous layer. After pressing, the depression in the skin does not straighten for a long time. There is a tendency to loose stools, passing urine in small portions, excessive fatigue, lack of energy.

Causes

Edema is a common reaction to trauma, bruises, bone fracture, muscle damage. When trying to move, the pain intensifies, the functionality of the limb worsens. Puffiness is also observed with frostbite. In this case, it reaches a significant volume.

Hyperemia, cyanosis and edema are characteristic of local infectious processes (panaritium, boils, etc. ). The cause can also be an abscess or phlegmon, in which the edema covers most of the segment. Infected wounds are characterized by edematous margins and surrounding tissues. First appears serous, then purulent discharge.

Inflammatory edema be chronic or acute in nature. It is manifested by redness, pain, and an increase in local temperature. Swelling of the hands caused by inflammation has the following causes:

• carpal tunnel syndrome – wear of the carpal ligaments;
• tendinitis – unnatural separation of muscle from bone;
• Arthritis of the joints of the fingers or wrists.

External irritants such as skin infections, allergic reactions, insect bites, hives and eczema can also be the cause. In most cases, the swelling goes away as the underlying factor is eliminated. Edema caused by an external stimulus is usually limited to the skin; larger tissues as well as muscle and bone structures are not affected.

As an adverse reaction, it may occur if there are problems in other parts of the body. Most often this occurs with serious organ failure, joint diseases or increased blood viscosity.

Diseases in which swelling of the hands occurs:

• Purulent arthritis, osteomyelitis – accompanied by intense pain, hyperemia and limitation of mobility. There is severe intoxication and fever.
• Vascular thrombosis – characterized by excruciating heaviness and a feeling of bursting, palpation of the symptoms intensifies. There is tissue compaction, a decrease in sensitivity is possible.
• Heart failure – latent edema at first. They appear mainly with an increase in body weight. Accompanied by hydrothorax (accumulation of fluid).
• Kidney disease (renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis) – swelling occurs mainly in the morning. It is characterized by wateriness, softness and a yellowish tint to the skin.
• Lymphedema is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid. It is most common in people whose lymph nodes have been removed or damaged during cancer treatment.
• Scleroderma is a pathological hardening of the skin’s own connective tissue.
• Dyshidrosis – manifested by small blisters under the skin, filled with an inflammatory secret, which burst and cause swelling.

Hand edema can be caused by damage to venous structures (thrombosis, inflammation, varicose veins) or liver disease (vein blockage, cirrhosis). Puffiness also occurs with severe oncological diseases.

In Tibetan medicine, the development of edema is associated with a violation of the factors that ensure transcapillary metabolic processes in the body. Filtration of the liquid part of the blood occurs at the capillary level. Its composition is relatively constant, so the ongoing processes are considered balanced. If the balance is disturbed, then edema develops, which is the result of extravasation, which prevails over resorption (the process of fluid return).

Diagnosis

To clarify the cause of swelling, it is recommended to contact a traumatologist or orthopedist. If indicated, the patient will be referred to a rheumatologist, surgeon or other specialist. Cardiodiagnosis is mandatory – chest X-ray, ECG, cardiac echocardiography.

An interview and a physical examination are used to make the diagnosis. The doctor specifies the time and circumstances of the onset of edema, establishes other symptoms and monitors the dynamics of the disease. The specialist evaluates the severity of pastosity, the area of ​​localization and the degree of prevalence. The temperature of the tissues, the density, color and mobility of the joints matter.

Diagnostic procedures to determine the cause of swelling of the hands:

• X-ray – indicated for purulent processes, joint damage and injuries. It is carried out to determine the displacement or fragments of bone structures, degenerative and inflammatory processes.
• Ultrasound – is prescribed for suspected thrombus and the spread of a purulent process. Allows you to establish the state of the lymphatic vessels and venous structures.

MRI or CT if necessary. The result obtained allows us to make a correct diagnosis in doubtful cases. Laboratory tests are ordered to confirm inflammation, rheumatoid disease, and kidney dysfunction.

What to do if your hands are swollen

For minor swelling, it is recommended to exclude provoking factors. In the vast majority of cases, this is enough to normalize the condition.

In case of mild swelling of the upper extremities, you should:

• Follow the drinking regime – at least 1.5-2 liters of liquid. Don’t drink too much before bed. It is better to consume most of the liquid in the morning.
• Eat a low-salt diet – high amounts of sodium contribute to the deposition of fluid in the tissues.

Massage and light stretching can be used to stimulate circulation in the tissues of a swollen limb. To do this, light pressure is applied, starting from the fingertips towards the wrist. If hand massage and light exercise aggravate symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor, as circulatory problems may be the cause.

Doctors recommend supporting the lymphatic and urinary system with diuretics. At the same time, potassium deficiencies should be replenished in order to exclude heart disorders. It is also recommended to support the vessels using compression pads. Compression should be selected by a healthcare professional to rule out possible complications.

In the absence of timely treatment, the negative impact on the joints will be aggravated. As a result, it will be difficult to move. Ulcers can appear on the skin of the hands, which are difficult to treat. It is unacceptable to start the situation.

Types of treatment

In traditional medicine, swelling of the hands is treated with drugs and ancillary procedures. In case of injuries, a bandage or splint is applied, cold is applied. For joint pathologies, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Hormonal imbalance can only be corrected with the help of hormone replacement drugs, which compensate for, for example, a lack of estrogen or testosterone. Swelling caused by allergies or insect bites is usually treated with antihistamines.

What to do if the swelling of the hands increases rapidly. The doctor prescribes glucocorticoids. Blockades with hormonal drugs are necessary for joint damage, which is accompanied by intense pain. In diseases of the lymphatic vessels and veins, vascular agents are effective. To relieve inflammation, pain syndrome and improve blood circulation, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, lymphatic drainage massage and mud therapy are performed.

With edema of the upper extremities, exercise therapy has proven itself well. The complex of physiotherapy exercises is indispensable for recovery after injuries. Helps to cope with joint diseases. Exercise therapy is complemented by manual therapy and massage.

Tibetan medicine offers a holistic approach. Treatment of hand edema includes:

• Correction of lifestyle – it is necessary to observe sleep and wakefulness, correctly dose work and rest, give up bad habits, take daily walks in the fresh air.
• Changing the diet – nutrition should be in accordance with the constitution of the person. You need to consider your dosha. If necessary, contact a nutritionist who will make a daily menu based on the individual characteristics of the patient.
• Phytotherapy – medicinal collections made according to the recipes of Tibetan and Chinese medicine, treat diseases that underlie pastosity. Phytopreparations are compiled individually, taking into account the patient’s history.

If the hands are swollen, treatment includes a complex of external procedures. A good result is given by deep acupressure, vacuum therapy, hirudo and stone therapy. Moxotherapy, acupuncture and plasma therapy help to cope with edema. Kinesitherapy, sound massage with “singing” bowls and the “thick needle” method are used as additional methods. Your doctor may also recommend bloodletting (hijama).

For Yang edema, a good result is obtained by using the technique of stimulating perspiration and opening the pores.