What are the common signs of lymphedema. How does lymphedema affect limb functionality. What treatments are available for managing lymphedema symptoms. How can recurring infections impact lymph node function. Why is early detection crucial for effective lymphedema management.

Understanding Lymphedema: A Comprehensive Overview

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by intense swelling in one or more limbs, often developing after lymph node removal during cancer treatment or as a result of other surgeries and infections. This article delves into the intricacies of lymphedema, exploring its symptoms, causes, and management strategies.

What Causes Lymphedema?

Lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system is compromised, leading to an accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected areas. Common causes include:

• Surgical removal of lymph nodes
• Cancer treatments affecting lymph nodes
• Infections disrupting lymphatic function
• Trauma to lymphatic vessels
• Genetic predisposition

Understanding these underlying factors is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema.

Recognizing the 5 Key Signs of Lymphedema

Early detection of lymphedema is vital for effective management. Here are the five primary signs to watch for:

1. Swelling (Edema)

Swelling is the most noticeable sign of lymphedema. It typically begins in the extremities and can extend from the top of the limb to the fingers or toes. This swelling may cause jewelry and clothing to feel tight or uncomfortable.

2. Tightness and Achiness

Individuals with lymphedema often experience a range of sensations in the affected limb, including:

• Achiness
• Tightness
• Heaviness

These symptoms can occur suddenly and may worsen over time if left untreated.

3. Limited Range of Motion

As swelling progresses, it can significantly impact limb functionality. Reduced range of motion may make it challenging to perform daily tasks and activities.

4. Recurring Infections

Lymph nodes play a crucial role in the immune system by filtering foreign substances and containing immune cells. Recurrent infections can overwork the lymph nodes, compromising lymph fluid flow and leading to swelling.

5. Skin Changes

Lymphedema can cause noticeable changes in the skin of the affected area, including:

• Tightness
• Redness
• Hardening
• Thickening

These skin changes are often accompanied by discomfort and may increase the risk of further complications.

The Impact of Lymphedema on Daily Life

Lymphedema can significantly affect a person’s quality of life, both physically and emotionally. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing comprehensive management strategies.

Physical Limitations and Discomfort

The swelling and limited range of motion associated with lymphedema can make simple tasks challenging. Activities like dressing, writing, or walking may become difficult, leading to frustration and decreased independence.

Emotional and Psychological Effects

Living with lymphedema can take an emotional toll. Patients may experience:

• Anxiety about their condition worsening
• Depression due to physical limitations
• Self-consciousness about visible swelling
• Stress related to ongoing management

Addressing these emotional aspects is an important part of comprehensive lymphedema care.

Diagnostic Approaches for Lymphedema

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective lymphedema management. Healthcare providers employ various methods to assess and diagnose the condition.

Physical Examination

A thorough physical exam is typically the first step in diagnosing lymphedema. The healthcare provider will:

• Visually inspect the affected limb
• Measure and compare limb circumference
• Assess skin texture and temperature
• Evaluate range of motion

Imaging Techniques

Advanced imaging may be used to confirm diagnosis and assess the extent of lymphedema:

• Lymphoscintigraphy: Uses a radioactive tracer to visualize lymph flow
• MRI or CT scans: Provide detailed images of soft tissues
• Ultrasound: Helps differentiate between fluid and solid swelling

These diagnostic tools help healthcare providers develop targeted treatment plans.

Comprehensive Treatment Strategies for Lymphedema

Managing lymphedema often requires a multifaceted approach. Treatment strategies aim to reduce swelling, alleviate discomfort, and prevent complications.

Conservative Management Techniques

Non-invasive treatments are typically the first line of defense against lymphedema:

• Compression therapy: Using garments or bandages to promote lymph drainage
• Manual lymphatic drainage: Specialized massage techniques to stimulate lymph flow
• Exercise: Tailored movements to improve circulation and reduce swelling
• Skincare: Meticulous hygiene to prevent infections

Advanced Treatment Options

For more severe cases, healthcare providers may recommend:

• Pneumatic compression: Using devices that apply pressure to move lymph fluid
• Surgical interventions: Such as lymph node transfer or lymphovenous anastomosis
• Laser therapy: To stimulate lymph flow and reduce fibrosis

These advanced treatments can significantly improve quality of life for those with severe lymphedema.

Preventing Lymphedema: Proactive Measures

While not all cases of lymphedema can be prevented, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk, especially following surgeries or cancer treatments.

Risk Reduction Strategies

Implementing these practices can help minimize the risk of developing lymphedema:

• Protecting the affected limb from injury and infection
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce strain on the lymphatic system
• Engaging in gentle exercises to promote lymph flow
• Avoiding tight clothing or jewelry that could restrict circulation
• Using sunscreen and insect repellent to prevent skin damage

Early Intervention and Monitoring

Regular self-examinations and prompt reporting of any changes to a healthcare provider can facilitate early detection and treatment of lymphedema.

Living with Lymphedema: Adaptation and Support

Adapting to life with lymphedema involves more than just medical management. It requires a holistic approach to maintain physical and emotional well-being.

Lifestyle Modifications

Individuals with lymphedema may need to make certain adjustments to their daily routines:

• Modifying exercise routines to accommodate swelling
• Adapting clothing choices for comfort and compression
• Implementing stress-reduction techniques to manage emotional impacts
• Creating a lymphedema-friendly work environment

Building a Support Network

Connecting with others who have lymphedema can provide valuable emotional support and practical advice. Support groups, both in-person and online, offer platforms for sharing experiences and coping strategies.

The Future of Lymphedema Research and Treatment

Ongoing research in the field of lymphedema is paving the way for improved diagnostics and more effective treatments.

Emerging Therapies

Promising areas of research include:

• Gene therapy to promote lymphangiogenesis
• Stem cell treatments to regenerate lymphatic vessels
• Pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammation and fibrosis
• Advanced imaging techniques for earlier detection

Personalized Treatment Approaches

As our understanding of lymphedema grows, treatments are becoming more tailored to individual patients, considering factors such as:

• Genetic predisposition
• Specific cause of lymphedema
• Severity and location of swelling
• Coexisting medical conditions

This personalized approach promises to improve outcomes and quality of life for those living with lymphedema.

Lymphedema is a complex condition that requires comprehensive care and ongoing management. By understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to manage their condition effectively. With continued research and advancements in treatment strategies, the outlook for those affected by lymphedema continues to improve. If you suspect you may have lymphedema or are at risk, consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

Board-Certified Podiatrists, Foot & Ankle Surgeons

5 Signs of Lymphedema: Advanced Foot, Ankle, & Wound Specialists: Board-Certified Podiatrists, Foot & Ankle Surgeons

If you’re preparing for surgery, especially any surgery that involves your lymph nodes, your doctor  may tell you to watch for signs of lymphedema. 

Lymphedema refers to the intense swelling of a single limb (or both arms or legs). It often develops in those who have had lymph nodes removed as part of a cancer treatment, but lymphedema can arise from other surgeries or infections too. 

At Advanced Foot, Ankle, & Wound Specialists, our team of board-certified podiatrists can help you manage the swelling if it arises. If you do develop lymphedema, seek medical care right away. 

Signs you may have lymphedema

Reach out to us as soon as you spot any of these five signs of lymphedema. 

Swelling

Swelling (also called edema) is a common sign of lymphedema. Swelling associated with lymphedema may extend from the top of your arm down to your fingers or from the top of your leg down to your toes.

The increased swelling can make your rings, bracelets, or even clothes feel too tight. If you start to notice swelling, take off any jewelry that may be compromised if swelling continues.

Tightness and achiness in your affected limb

Lymphedema can cause a range of sensations in the affected limb(s), including:

• Achiness
• Tightness
• Heaviness 

These changes can occur suddenly.

Limited range of motion

In severe cases, swelling can make it harder for you to move your limbs normally. Limited range of motion can compromise the functionality of your arm or leg, and it can make it harder for you to complete your daily tasks.

Recurring infection

Your lymph nodes are a key part of your immune system because they help to filter foreign substances, and they contain immune cells that fight invading foreign cells.  

If you have recurrent infections, your lymph nodes can swell, become overworked, and eventually compromise the flow of your lymph fluids. When this happens, your lymph nodes can’t drain properly, which leads to swelling.

Skin changes

There are many conditions and diseases that affect your skin. If you notice sudden skin changes, take note. Lymphedema can make your skin feel tight (because of the intense swellIng), but your skin may also appear red, hard, or thickened.

When to seek medical attention

If you spot any of these signs, don’t hesitate to call one of our offices in Tamarac, Coral Springs, Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton, or Hollywood, Florida. We can recommend the right treatment for you to help combat the swelling. Potential treatments may include:

• Pneumatic compression
• Wrapping the affected limb
• Lymph fluid drainage
• Surgery (for severe cases) 

To learn more about lymphedema or to explore your treatment options, request an appointment today.

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Lymphedema: Symptoms, treatments, and causes

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Lymphedema, or lymphatic obstruction, is a long-term condition where excess fluid collects in tissues causing swelling (edema).

The lymphatic system is a part of the immune system and vital for immune function. Fluid called lymph circulates within the lymphatic system. Lymphedema is typically caused by a blockage of this system.

Lymphedema commonly affects one of the arms or legs. In some cases, both arms or both legs may be affected. Some patients might experience swelling in the head, genitals, or chest.

Lymphedema is incurable, but with the right treatment, it can be controlled.

Here are some key points about lymphedema. More detail and supporting information is in the main article.

• Experts believe primary lymphedema is caused by genetic mutation.
• Secondary lymphedema can be caused by other conditions such as infections and inflammatory diseases.
• In some cases, lymphedema can lead to skin infections and lymphangitis.
• Protecting the skin can help reduce the risk of lymphedema.

Share on PinterestA CT scan can reveal blocked areas in the lymphatic system contributing to lymphedema.

Primary lymphedema may be caused by mutations in some of the genes involved in the development of the lymphatic system. These faulty genes interfere with the lymphatic system’s development, undermining its ability to drain fluid properly.

Secondary lymphedema has a number of possible causes, including:

• Cancer surgery: Cancer may spread through the body via the lymphatic system. Sometimes surgeons remove lymph nodes to stop the spread. There is a risk the lymphatic system may be affected, leading to lymphedema.
• Radiation therapy: The use of radiation to destroy cancerous tissue can sometimes damage nearby healthy tissue, such as the lymphatic system; this can result in lymphedema.
• Infections: Severe cellulitis infection may damage tissue around the lymph nodes or vessels. This may lead to scarring, increasing the risk of lymphedema. Some parasite infections can also increase the risk of lymphedema.
• Inflammatory conditions: Conditions that cause tissue to swell (become inflamed) may permanently damage the lymphatic system, such as rheumatoid arthritis and eczema.
• Cardiovascular diseases: These are diseases that affect blood flow. Some patients with cardiovascular diseases have a higher risk of developing lymphedema, such as DVT (deep vein thrombosis), venous leg ulcers, and varicose veins.
• Injury and trauma: More rarely, severe skin burns or anything that results in excessive scarring may raise the risk of developing lymphedema.

Lymphedema affects the lymphatic system. This system has three main functions:

• Draining excess tissue fluid: It balances the fluid in the blood and the fluid in the tissues. This is known as fluid homeostasis.
• Fighting infection: It provides immunity by assisting the body’s immune defense against foreign bodies, such as bacteria.
• Absorbing fats: It absorbs lipid nutrients from the intestine and transports them to the blood.

A disruption to the lymphatic system can, in the long term, undermine its ability to drain fluid properly. As a result, excess fluid can build up in parts of the body.

Lymphedema increases the risk of infection and other complications because the lymphocytes cannot reach parts of the body where swelling occurs.

Types

There are two main types of lymphedema:

Primary lymphedema – often called congenital lymphedema. The lymphedema is evident at birth or shortly after puberty. This type of lymphedema is rare, affecting approximately 1 in every 6,000 people.

Secondary lymphedema – the lymphedema occurs as a result of something else, such as an infection, injury, trauma, or cancer that affects the lymphatic system.

Lymphedema may be a side effect of cancer treatment, such as radiation therapy or the removal of some lymph nodes, which can damage the lymphatic system. This type of lymphedema is more common.

Lymphedema symptoms include:

• swelling of either a part or the whole leg or arm, including the fingers or toes, ranging from slight changes in limb size to severe swelling
• difficulty wearing jewelry or watches or fitting into clothes or shoes
• swelling in the head or neck
• a heavy or tight feeling in the arms or legs
• the range of motion of the limb is restricted
• discomfort or aching in the affected limb
• a tingling sensation in the affected limb, like pins and needles
• recurring skin infections
• thickening and hardening of the skin
• blisters or wart-like growths on the skin
• severe fatigue

Tests and diagnosis

A doctor will try to rule out other possible causes of swelling, including a blood clot or an infection that does not involve the lymph nodes.

If the patient is at risk of lymphedema, for instance, if they recently had cancer surgery or treatment involving the lymph nodes, the doctor may diagnose lymphedema based on the symptoms.

If there isn’t an obvious cause for the lymphedema, some imaging tests may be ordered. The following imaging techniques may be used to have an in-depth look at the lymphatic system:

• MRI scan
• CT scan
• Doppler ultrasound scan

Lymphoscintigraphy may also be used – a radioactive dye is injected into the lymphatic system. The nuclear scanner shows the dye’s movement through the lymphatic system and identifies any blockages.

People with lymphedema are encouraged to follow a healthful lifestyle, including moving and exercising regularly.

However, in some cases, specialist help may be needed to exercise safely and effectively.

A study has found that women who are at risk of lymphedema following breast cancer surgery will not be at higher risk of lyphedema in the arm if they do gentle lifting exercises. Such exercise, say the researchers, may reduce the risk of lymphedema.

The types of exercises that may be beneficial are those that:

• enhance flexibility
• practice stretching
• build strength

Also recommended is aerobic exercise that focuses on the upper body, helps with weight loss, and encourages deep breathing.

If any heaviness or change in shape, texture or other change in the limb should be monitored. It may be a sign that the current exercise level is too high.

Experts believe that the muscles act as a pump during exercise, pumping the lymph to areas where it is needed.

However, there is not yet enough evidence to support any specific type of exercise for lymphedema. Women who have undergone breast cancer surgery are advised to seek out a specialized physical therapist or other health professional who can help them to build up exercise gradually.

Repeated episodes or untreated lymphedema can lead to other complications. These include:

Skin infections: Repeated episodes of cellulitis are common with lymphedema. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the deeper layers of skin and the fat and soft tissue layers under the skin.

Lymphangitis: An inflammation of the lymph vessels can develop, and when infectious, it is usually caused by a Streptococcus bacterial infection. If left untreated, it can spread to the skin and adjacent soft tissues, causing cellulitis, or into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia.

Psychological effects: Lymphedema can affect the appearance, and this can have a psychological impact, especially in those who have been living with cancer. Lymphedema increases the risk of developing depression.

The affected limb is more vulnerable to skin infections because the supply of lymphocytes (which fight infection) is reduced.

If the patient takes measures to minimize the risk of cuts and grazes to the skin, their risk of subsequent infections may be significantly reduced. The following measures may help:

Share on PinterestAvoiding hot showers, steam rooms, and saunas may help prevent symptoms of lymphedema.

• After cancer treatment, avoid heavy activity with the affected limb; rest it while recovering.
• Avoid sun beds, steam rooms, and saunas.
• Do not take very hot baths or showers.
• Do not wear tight-fitting clothes.
• Do not wear tight-fitting jewelry.
• Don’t go barefoot outdoors.
• Look for changes or breaks in the skin.
• Keep your skin supple by moisturizing it every day.
• Make sure footwear fits properly.
• To prevent developing athlete’s foot, use an anti-fungal foot powder.
• Use gloves when gardening.
• Keep nails short.
• When going outside in an area where there may be insects, use insect repellent.
• When out in the sun, use a high factor sun block.
• When you have a cut, treat it immediately with an antiseptic cream. And keep the area clean.
• Raise the affected limb above the level of the heart whenever possible.
• Avoid blood pressure checks, blood draws, or injections in the affected limb.

Diet, body weight, and obesity

The heavier a patient is, the higher the strain on the areas that are swollen. A healthy diet, aiming for an ideal body weight, may help alleviate the signs and symptoms of lymphedema.

There is no cure for lymphedema, and it is a progressive condition. The outlook will depend to some extent on the severity of symptoms.

Following a healthful lifestyle, including a balanced diet and movement or exercise can help reduce fluid buildup and stimulate the flow of lymph. Follow the physician’s advice about the best option for you.

symptoms, causes, classification, what to do with inflammation of the lymph nodes

This disease is treated by Therapist

The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Article content:

• What is the lymphatic system
• Lymph node functions
• What is lymphadenitis
• Causes
• Disease classification
• Symptoms
• Routes of infection
• Possible complications
• When to see a doctor
• Diagnostics
• Methods of treatment
• Disease prognosis and prevention

What is inflammation of the lymph nodes?

The lymphatic system ensures the normal functioning of the immune system, internal organs and tissues. One of the most common diseases of the lymphatic system is lymphadenitis of the lymph nodes. The disease has a different etiology, symptoms and degree of danger to health. In the article we will talk about how to recognize the pathology and what methods of treatment exist.

What is the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic vessels and nodes. These vessels transport a special liquid – lymph. It is responsible for the transport of proteins, salts and metabolites into the blood.

Lymph nodes act as a filter. They purify the lymph from pathogenic microorganisms and foreign substances, due to which purified and safe lymphatic fluid enters the bloodstream. Source:
The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. pp.60-62.

The lymphatic system performs three main functions:

1. Participates in immune defense. Together with the flow of lymph, pathogenic microorganisms enter the lymph nodes, where they are recognized and destroyed.
2. Maintains proper fluid levels in tissues. With an excessive amount of fluid, the lymphatic vessels “drain” organs and tissues.
3. Produces fat metabolism. Lymphatic vessels transport lipids, which are involved in almost all metabolic processes.

Functions of the lymph nodes

There are about 500 lymph nodes in the human body. They play the role of a barrier and a pump, perform several important functions:

• Hematopoietic. Lymph nodes are involved in the development of white blood cells – lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are cells of the immune system responsible for fighting various infections and diseases.
• Drainage, or transport. Lymph nodes play an important role in the transport of lymph, which enters the lymphatic vessels from the intercellular spaces of tissues. Due to this, exudate and metabolic products are utilized from the tissues.
• Barrier. Lymph nodes serve as a barrier to infected cells and microorganisms, preventing them from spreading throughout the body. They can also form antibodies that help neutralize and destroy infectious agents.

What is lymphadenitis

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. In most cases, this is not an independent disease, but a complication of the primary pathology. It is most often a sign of a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal infection. Source:
Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30. Therefore, to find the cause of the inflammatory process, complex diagnostics are needed.

Depending on the etiology, one or more lymph nodes may become inflamed. With lymphadenitis, the following types of lymph nodes are usually affected:

• cervical;
• elbow;
• submandibular;
• popliteal;
• inguinal;
• axillary.

In lymphadenitis, the lymph node becomes enlarged and painful. This is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system that collect inside it. If an infectious agent has entered the lymph node and caused the formation of an abscess or abscess, purulent inflammation may develop.

In the absence of timely treatment, lymphadenitis provokes the development of dangerous complications: the spread of infection to other tissues and organs, the formation of fistulas, sepsis. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first sign of illness.

Causes

Most common causes:

• Infections. In most cases, inflammation in the area of ​​the lymph node occurs precisely against the background of infection: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, stomatitis, SARS, influenza, tuberculosis, brucellosis, chicken pox, etc.
• Injuries and operations. Any injury, surgery and other damage to the lymph node can cause inflammation.
• Allergic reactions. Some allergens activate a cascade of inflammatory responses.
• Oncological diseases. Lymphadenitis sometimes becomes one of the signs of malignant tumors of the lymphatic system, especially lymphoma.
• Autoimmune diseases. Lymph node inflammation can accompany systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

In some cases, it is not possible to determine the etiology of inflammation of the lymph node. Then a diagnosis of “lymphadenitis, unspecified” is established.

Clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation offer several classifications of lymphadenitis.

Origin:

• Primary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation occurs directly in the lymph node. This most commonly occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the body through a skin wound, or when certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, infect the lymphatic system.
• Secondary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation is localized not in the lymph node itself, but elsewhere in the body. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads from the primary focus to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels. For example, secondary lymphadenitis can occur with an infection of the pharynx or teeth, as well as in the presence of cancer or blood diseases.

Intensity and duration of inflammation:

• Acute. It is characterized by an abrupt onset, rapid progression, and an acute inflammatory response. Usually acute lymphadenitis is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness of the skin, fever and other signs of inflammation. Source:
  Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. pp. 90-91.
• Chronic. It is characterized by a sluggish long course and a low intensity of the inflammatory process. Most often it develops against the background of untreated acute lymphadenitis. The chronic form is characterized by two periods: exacerbation and remission. In the first case, clinical manifestations are pronounced, in the second – weakly or completely absent, an imaginary recovery occurs.
• Recurrent. It is characterized by periodic exacerbations of inflammation after a temporary improvement. Usually, relapses occur in the presence of a chronic infectious or inflammatory process in the body.

By the nature of inflammation:

• Purulent. It is characterized by the formation of pus inside the lymph node. It occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. As a rule, purulent lymphadenitis is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness of the skin and fever.
• Serous. It differs in the formation of serous fluid inside the affected lymph node, and the inflammatory process does not go beyond its capsule. Often found in children.

Localization:

• submandibular – usually occurs against the background of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth or pharynx;
• axillary – associated with infectious or oncological diseases of the breast;
• inguinal – occurs against the background of skin infections and skin lesions;
• cervical – develops when the pharynx, mouth, nose or ears are affected. Source:
  Diagnosis and management of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp. 75-78;
• parotid – caused by infectious diseases of the ear or mouth;
• occipital – occurs against the background of pathologies of the skin or upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphadenitis depend on its type, location and cause. The most common signs of inflammation of the lymph node:

• swelling and tenderness of the affected lymph node;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• general weakness, fatigue and fever;
• pain and discomfort when touching an affected lymph node;
• headache;
• sometimes – nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite;
• excessive sweating, especially at night;
• discoloration and texture of the skin in the area of ​​an inflamed lymph node;
• appearance of spots on the skin or other rashes.

Ways of infection

Primary cause of secondary lymphadenitis can be:

• trophic ulcer;
• caries;
• otitis;
• influenza;
• tonsillitis;
• angina;
• herpes;
• tumor;
• tuberculosis and more.

Lymphadenitis sometimes develops due to damage to the skin: scratches, wounds or insect bites, which can become the entry gate for bacteria.

Possible complications

Many people don’t even realize the danger of lymphadenitis. Without timely treatment, the disease leads to various, including dangerous consequences. Most often, the following complications develop:

• abscess – a limited accumulation of pus in the tissues, surrounded by a membrane;
• sepsis is a severe infectious disease in which the infection spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream;
• compression of surrounding tissues – enlarged lymph nodes cause discomfort and put pressure on neighboring tissues;
• thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the venous wall with the formation of blood clots that can clog the lumen of the vein;
• fistula – the formation of a pathological channel as a result of the accumulation of purulent fluid.

When to see a doctor

Lymphadenitis is diagnosed and treated by a vascular surgeon. It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. The specialist will prescribe a diagnosis to identify the cause of inflammation and tell the patient what to do. Timely access to a doctor prevents the development of dangerous complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis is aimed at finding the cause of the inflammatory process, assessing the current state of the lymph node and the body as a whole. For this, a comprehensive examination is used:

• Inspection. The doctor examines the skin at the site of the affected lymph node, evaluates its size, shape, texture, temperature and sensitivity of the skin.
• General and biochemical blood test. Analyzes confirm the inflammatory and infectious process.
• Biopsy. Taking a sample of a lymph node for histological examination allows you to determine the cellular composition of the tissue and differentiate the tumor. Source:
  Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78.
• ultrasound. Ultrasound examination helps to determine the size and structure of the lymph node, as well as to identify the neoplasm.
• CT and MRI. The procedures are used for layer-by-layer study of the lymph node and surrounding soft tissues.
• Culture study. If lymphadenitis is caused by a bacterial infection, a bacterial culture is performed to determine the type of bacteria and select the most effective antibiotic.

Methods of treatment

The doctor chooses the method of treatment individually for each clinical case. It depends on the etiology of inflammation, the current state of the patient and associated complications. In most cases, conservative therapy is used, including medication, including:

• antibiotics if there is a bacterial infection;
• antiviral drugs – in the presence of a viral infection;
• antifungals – in the presence of a fungal infection;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – for the relief of inflammation and pain.

In addition, physiotherapy, compresses and massage are used. In the presence of abscesses, surgical intervention is indicated – removal of purulent contents and sanitation of the affected tissues.

Prognosis and prevention of the disease

With timely visit to the doctor, lymphadenitis of the lymph node has a favorable prognosis. Early initiation of treatment allows you to achieve complete recovery, prevent the development of complications and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Due to the lack of a single etiology, there is no specific prevention of lymphadenitis. The following recommendations will help prevent infection:

• Maintain good personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after handling animals and visiting public places.
• Minimize contact with infected patients and visits to crowded places. If there is a sick person in the family, it is necessary to limit contact with him.
• Using only your own hygiene items. Do not use other people’s towels, razors, toothbrushes, etc.
• Strengthening immunity: giving up bad habits, maintaining physical activity, proper nutrition and regular walks in the fresh air.
• Timely treatment of diseases. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
• Vaccination. Timely vaccination helps prevent infections that can cause lymphadenitis. You need to be vaccinated both in childhood and in adulthood.

• Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78
• The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. p.60-62
• Diagnosis and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. p.75-78
• Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. p.90-91
• Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30

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Lymphedema, swollen legs and ankles: causes and treatments

Contents

• 1 Swollen leg and ankle disease: causes and treatments for swelling of the lymphatic system and venous insufficiency
  • 1.1 Lymphedema: causes, symptoms and treatments
  • 1.2 Lymphedema: what is it?
  • 1.3 Causes of lymphedema
  • 1. 4 What are the symptoms associated with lymphedema?
  • 1.5 What diagnostic methods are available to detect edema?
  • 1.6 How to treat lymphedema?
  • 1.7 Physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of edema
    • 1.7.1 Compression therapy
    • 1.7.2 Electrotherapy
    • 1.7.3 Lymphatic drainage massage
  • 1.7.3 8 Massage for lymphatic edema
  • 1.9 Using compression stockings to treat edema
  • 1.10 Lymphatic drainage massage: the essence of the procedure and effectiveness
    • 1.10.1 What is the difference between lymphatic drainage massage and ordinary massage?
    • 1.10.2 How does lymphatic drainage massage work and how effective is it?
    • 1.10.3 For whom is lymphatic drainage massage recommended?
  • 1.11 How to properly care for the skin with lymphedema?
    • 1.11.1 Skin care tips for lymphedema
    • 1.11.2 Avoid skin damage
    • 1.11.3 Proper nutrition for better skin
  • 1. 12 Prevention of lymphoedema: basic methods
  • 1.13 Related videos:
  • 1.14 Q&A:
    • • 1.14.0.1 What are the causes of lymphedema?
      • 1.14.0.2 What symptoms are associated with lymphedema?
      • 1.14.0.3 What are the treatments for lymphedema?
      • 1.14.0.4 Which compression garments help with lymphedema?
      • 1.14.0.5 How to improve the effectiveness of lymphatic drainage massage?
      • 1.14.0.6 Is it possible to treat lymphatic edema with folk remedies?

Lymphatic edema is a common condition that is accompanied by swollen feet and ankles. In this article, you will learn how to relax leg swelling and deal with venous insufficiency.

Lymphedema, swollen feet and ankles is a common problem for many people and can bring not only physical but also emotional distress. This condition occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the tissues, which can be caused by various factors.

For many people, lymphedema and swollen legs are just cosmetic, but they are actually serious conditions that need attention. If treatment is not started soon, this can lead to further development of diseases associated with impaired blood flow and deterioration in the functioning of the lymphatic system.

In this article, we look at the causes of lymphedema and swollen legs, as well as methods of treatment. Read on to find out what steps you can take to deal with this issue.

Lymph edema: causes, symptoms and treatment

Lymph edema is a consequence of impaired lymph flow, in which edema occurs, most often in the legs and ankles. The problem affects a large number of people, especially women. The reasons for the development of edema can be different:

• chronic diseases of the lymphatic system;
• diseases that can lead to impaired lymphatic drainage;
• high tension syndromes;
• lack of movement and/or sports;
• disorders in the digestive and excretory systems.

Lymphedema presents with rather characteristic symptoms: heaviness in the legs and swelling around the ankles, which may worsen towards the end of the day. At the beginning of the disease, edema may appear only in the evenings, but over time they become more pronounced.

There are several treatments for lymphedema:

1. Compression therapy. Wearing compression stockings and stockings helps maintain vascular tone and facilitates lymph outflow.
2. Massage. High-quality massage helps to improve blood circulation and outflow of lymph and saves you from the possible consequences of lymph edema.
3. Diet. The content of animal fats and salt in food can exacerbate the problem. Increasing your intake of water and potassium-rich foods may reduce swelling. You should also prefer low-calorie meals to maintain your ideal weight.

The above methods help to control symptoms and prevent recurrence of the disease, however, the best solution is to visit a doctor who will identify and manage the cause of swelling.

Lymphedema: what is it?

Lymphedema is a condition in which fluid (lymph) accumulates in the spaces between cells, causing swelling in the limb. Typically, this swelling occurs in people with problems in the lymphatic system, which is responsible for removing waste products and excess fluid from the body.

The origin of lymphedema may be multiple. Often they occur due to disorders of the lymphatic system after treatment for a tumor, injury, or infection. Also, swelling can occur due to circulatory disorders in the pelvis, a senseless waste of time in a standing position, or an increase in muscle mass.

Symptoms of lymphedema include limb swelling, tenderness, heaviness, decreased mobility, and risk of stasis dermatitis. It is extremely important not to ignore these symptoms, as swelling can progress and cause serious health problems such as skin ulcers, infections, and even lymphedema.

Treatment of lymphedema usually begins with a consultation with a lymphologist, who may recommend lymph node massage, compression stockings, or physical therapy. More severe cases may require surgery or regular medication.

Causes of lymphedema

Very often lymphatic edema occurs as a result of a malfunction of the body’s lymphatic system. Lymphatic drainage processes can be disturbed due to many reasons: genetic factors, chronic diseases, as well as socio-cultural and psychological factors, and, of course, due to age-related changes.

Often, problems with the lymphatic system can be linked to vein health. Diseases of the veins lead to swelling of the lower extremities – the so-called venous edema. Overweight, lack of physical activity, as well as certain diseases, such as chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, also contribute to the occurrence of venous edema.

Edema can also be caused by local trauma. Accidents, bruises and fractures can all cause swelling of the extremities. Often these swellings go away on their own without the need for treatment, but sometimes they may require medical attention.

Edema can also be the result of stagnation of blood in the capillaries. Blood pressure, poor circulation and damage to the capillaries can lead to stagnation of blood in the vessels, which can lead to edema. Such edema often occurs in the lower extremities when a person is in one position for a long time, for example, when sitting at a desk for a long time.

Edema can also occur as a side effect when using various medications. Taking antibiotics, hormones and other drugs may cause lymphedema. Therefore, before using any medication, you should definitely consult a doctor and take it only with a prescription!

1. Lymphatic disorders
2. Diseases of the veins
3. Injuries
4. Blood stasis
5. Drug use

What are the symptoms associated with lymphedema?

Lymphedema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, which can cause swelling and swelling in the affected area. Swelling usually appears on one side of the body and can occur due to a variety of reasons, including lymph node dissection, disease, infection, or injury.

Some of the common symptoms that may accompany lymphedema include:

• Swelling and swelling: The skin may constantly swell and be painful in the area of ​​stagnant fluid.
• Mobility problems: People with lymphedema may have difficulty with mobility and may tire easily with physical exertion.
• Discomfort: A constant feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the edema area can significantly interfere with normal life.
• Heredity: lymphedema can be transmitted through genetic factors.

In any case, at the first suspicion of lymphedema, you should consult a doctor and undergo the necessary examination and treatment in order to prevent the development of the disease and improve the quality of life.

What diagnostic methods are available to detect edema?

Medical examination is one of the main methods for diagnosing edema. A doctor can detect a tumor by visual inspection and by feeling the affected area.

Detailed medical history can also help identify the cause of swelling. The doctor will ask questions about symptoms, medical conditions, medications taken, and general health.

laboratory tests help to detect the presence of infectious diseases, allergies, disorders of the kidneys, liver and other internal organs.

imaging studies such as ultrasound, X-ray, MRI, and computed tomography can help detect changes in tissues, blood flow, and drainage.

Pressure measurement in veins and lymphatics can also be used to diagnose edema.

How to treat lymphedema?

Lymph edema is edema that occurs due to disorders in the lymphatic system. Treatment of such edema can be difficult, but possible.

Compression Therapy is one of the most effective treatments for lymphedema. For this, compression stockings or bandages are used, which help maintain the correct level of pressure in the legs and help improve blood circulation.

Lymph node massage may also be helpful. This allows you to speed up the process of outflow of lymph and reduces swelling. However, it is necessary to massage carefully and only after consulting a doctor.

Exercise can help improve blood circulation and stimulate the lymphatic system. You should choose exercises that help maintain the correct posture and improve blood circulation.

It is important to remember that each case of lymphedema is individual and requires an individual approach to treatment. Before starting treatment, you should consult with a qualified doctor.

Physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of edema

Compression therapy

One of the effective physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of edema is compression therapy, which consists in the use of a compression bandage or golf. This method has long been used to improve circulation, reduce swelling and reduce pain. Compression reduces the volume of tissue fluid and stimulates lymphatic drainage of tissues, which leads to an acceleration of the process of resorption of edema.

Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy, also known as electrical stimulation, is another physiotherapy treatment for edema. It is based on the use of low-frequency electrical current to stimulate the muscles and lymphatic vessels. This method also helps improve blood flow, reduce swelling and soreness, and improve overall tissue tone.

Lymphatic drainage massage

Lymphatic drainage massage is another physiotherapy treatment for edema. It is aimed at improving the movement of lymph and reducing swelling. Lymphatic drainage massage is performed by an expert using light and gentle pressure on the tissues to stimulate the movement of lymph, which removes toxins and waste from the tissues and improves blood circulation. The result is a reduction in puffiness and an acceleration of the process of resorption of edema.

Massage for lymphatic edema

Massage is one of the main treatments for lymphatic edema. It helps to improve lymph circulation, which helps to remove excess fluid in the tissues and reduce swelling.

Drainage massage has a good effect on lymphatic edema. It ensures the pumping of lymph in the right direction and helps to remove excess fluid from the tissues. Also, massage with vacuum jars has a positive effect on edema.

It is important to massage lymphedema only after consultation with your doctor. Incorrectly performed massage can lead to an exacerbation of the disease and increased swelling.

• Massage is one of the main treatments for lymphatic edema.
• The massage should be done slowly and carefully, starting from the chest area.
• Drainage massage and vacuum cupping massage have a positive effect on swelling.

Massage rules for lymphedema Rule Description

Using compression garments to treat swelling

Lymphedema and swollen legs are common problems that can cause severe distress. However, compression garments can reduce swelling and improve quality of life. Compression underwear applies even pressure on the limbs, improving blood circulation and reducing swelling.

The use of compression stockings to treat edema is safe and effective. However, before using it, you should consult your doctor. The presence of certain diseases, such as arterial hypertension, thrombosis and some forms of diabetes, may place special demands on the selection and use of compression stockings.

• Benefits of using compression stockings:
  • Reduced swelling
  • Improved circulation
  • Muscle and tendon support
  • Reduced pain and fatigue in the legs
  • Prevention of blood clots

Compression garments are one of the most effective treatments lymphedema, while it does not require surgery and has no serious side effects. However, the correct choice and use of compression underwear should be under the supervision of a physician.

Lymphatic drainage massage: the essence of the procedure and effectiveness

What is the difference between lymphatic drainage massage and the usual one?

Lymphatic drainage massage is a special procedure aimed at increasing blood circulation and lymph flow. Its main task is to return blood and lymph from swollen tissue to the heart and lymph nodes. The difference between lymphatic drainage massage and the usual one is that the therapist works with the system of lymphatic vessels, which are arranged and function differently than venous vessels.

How does lymphatic drainage massage work and how effective is it?

Lymphatic drainage massage takes place in special courses conducted by qualified massage therapists. The procedure is carried out with fingers and massage brushes on the legs, ankles and feet. It lasts about 30 minutes and is accompanied by techniques aimed at increasing the tone of the lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic drainage massage improves blood circulation, promotes the destruction of body fat, reduces swelling and improves skin tone.

The average duration of the course is about 15 sessions, held every other day. The effect of the procedure lasts for a long time, but to improve the quality of life and maintain health, it is better to undergo a massage course at least twice a year.

For whom is lymphatic drainage massage recommended?

Lymphatic drainage massage is recommended for people suffering from lymphatic swelling of the legs and other parts of the body. Also, this type of massage can be prescribed after injuries and operations to speed up rehabilitation and restore leg flexibility.

• Lymphedema;
• Piriformis syndrome;
• Injuries and operations on the legs;
• Skin diseases.

However, before starting the course, it is better to consult a doctor in order to exclude contraindications and choose the optimal treatment regimen.

How to properly care for the skin with lymphedema?

Skin Care Tips for Lymphedema

Skin with lymphedema needs special care. To avoid various kinds of complications, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• Always keep your skin hygienic and clean.
• Gently wash and dry skin after contact with water or sweat. Remove excess moisture with a soft cloth or towel.
• Remember to regularly moisturize your skin with mild moisturizers. Avoid using squeezing creams or other products that can dry out the skin.
• Avoid restricting limb movement. If you are lying down, you should do light exercises every 2-3 hours to promote blood circulation.

Avoid skin damage

Open sores and cuts on the skin can lead to infection. In turn, the infection can slow down the process of lymphedema healing. Avoid points of possible friction or pressure on the skin, especially at the site of swelling. The use of open-edged tools such as scissors should be avoided.

Proper nutrition for better skin

The diet of a patient with lymphedema should contain sufficient amounts of proteins, vitamins and minerals. Particular attention should be paid to products containing vitamin C, which can stimulate the healing process of the skin. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid bad habits, such as smoking – being in tobacco smoke reduces the amount of blood supply to the skin that feeds the damaged cell ligament, as a result of which the rehabilitation process takes longer.

Prevention of lymph edema: basic methods

Lymph edema is a violation of lymphatic drainage caused by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Prevention of this disease is based on maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a number of specialized methods:

• Nutrition. Drink enough fluids throughout the day to prevent dehydration. It is also worth limiting the use of salt, which contributes to fluid retention in the tissues.
• Active lifestyle. Regular physical activity helps improve circulation and lymphatic drainage.
• Massage. Massage of the lymph nodes and soft tissues helps improve circulation and reduce swelling.
• Compression therapy. Wearing special compression stockings or stockings improves lymphatic drainage and reduces swelling. It is important to choose the correct size and compression class depending on the degree of puffiness.
• Popular methods. There are a number of popular methods for preventing lymphedema, such as yoga, swimming, walking, and cycling or elliptical exercise.

It is important to remember that the prevention of lymphedema requires an integrated approach and a combination of different methods. If there is a risk of developing edema, it is recommended to contact a specialist for advice and selection of the most appropriate methods of prevention and treatment.

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Q&A:

What are the causes of lymphedema?

Edema can be caused by impaired lymphatic circulation, infection, radiation, and the lymphatic system. Also, swelling can be the result of hormonal imbalance, circulatory disorders, impaired kidney function, tight shoes and other factors.

What symptoms are associated with lymphedema?

Lymph edema is manifested by edema, heaviness of the limbs, pain, burning and itching on the skin, as well as limited mobility and increased fatigue of the legs.

What are the treatments for lymphedema?

Lymphedema can be treated conservatively or surgically. Conservative treatment includes gymnastics, compression bandage, lymphatic drainage massage, physical therapy, medication, diet, and weight control. Surgical treatment may include enlargement of the lymphatic vessels or removal of diseased tissue.

Which compression products help with lymphedema?

Compression products are stockings, leggings, stockings, tights and bandages of various degrees of compression. They help increase blood circulation and reduce swelling, but they are worn for quite a long time and require special selection of the size and degree of compression.