Swollen vulva on one side. Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, and Treatment

05.07.202315.06.2023 by alexxlab

What causes a swollen vulva? Is it a sign of an infection? How can it be treated? Explore the common causes of a swollen vulva and the effective treatments.

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Understanding Swollen Vulva

A swollen vulva is a common symptom of vaginitis, which is an inflammation of the vagina. This often occurs due to a bacterial, yeast, or viral infection, or an imbalance in the vaginal bacteria. In addition to a swollen vulva, vaginitis can lead to unusual vaginal discharge, itching, irritation, pain during sex, pain while peeing, and light bleeding or spotting.

Causes of Swollen Vulva

Allergic Reaction

An allergic reaction that causes the vulva to swell is known as noninfectious vaginitis. This can result from chemicals in clothing, creams, condoms, perfumed soaps, scented detergents, douches, and other products that come into contact with the vulva and vagina, leading to irritation and inflammation.

Sexual Activity

A swollen vulva is a normal occurrence after any sexual encounter. Sexual arousal causes increased blood flow to the area, making the vulva swell and become puffy. The clitoris may also enlarge. Swelling can also occur if there wasn’t enough lubrication during penetration, which can irritate the area.

Yeast Infection

Vaginal yeast infections can cause a swollen vulva, along with other symptoms like irritation, thick white discharge, intense itchiness, burning sensation, pain or soreness, and a rash. Yeast infections are common, affecting up to 3 out of 4 women in their lifetime.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of vaginitis, affecting up to a third of women in the United States. It’s caused by an imbalance in the bacteria found in the vagina and can lead to an off-white or gray discharge and a fishy smell. Although a swollen vulva isn’t a common symptom, it’s still possible.

Treating Swollen Vulva

Allergic Reaction

If you suspect an allergic reaction, stop using the product or wearing the item of clothing that may be causing the irritation. Limiting exposure to the irritant should help ease the swelling. You can also use an over-the-counter (OTC) cortisone cream to reduce the symptoms. If the swelling continues, see your doctor, who may recommend a sitz bath or a prescription topical cream.

Sexual Activity

Your vulva shouldn’t stay swollen for long after sexual activity. You can use a cold compress to ease any swelling or puffiness. To avoid serious swelling, be sure to keep natural or store-bought lubricant on hand to avoid friction, and stay away from products that could cause an allergic reaction.

Yeast Infection

You can use an OTC antifungal vaginal cream, ointment, or suppository to stop the yeast reaction and alleviate the swelling. If this is the first time you’ve had symptoms of a yeast infection, or if the symptoms don’t disappear with at-home treatment, you should see your doctor. They may prescribe an oral antifungal medication or recommend maintenance therapy for recurring infections.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis may resolve on their own, but you should see your doctor if they persist. Never use OTC yeast products to treat bacterial vaginosis, as it could make the infection worse. Your doctor can rule out other conditions and provide the appropriate treatment.

When to See a Doctor

If your symptoms, including a swollen vulva, last for more than a couple of days, you should see your doctor. They can determine the underlying cause and develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Seeking medical attention is especially important if you’ve had multiple yeast infections or if your symptoms are severe.

Preventing Swollen Vulva

To help prevent a swollen vulva, be mindful of the products you use that come into contact with your vulva and vagina, such as clothing, soaps, and lubricants. Avoid potential irritants and ensure you have adequate lubrication during sexual activity. Maintaining good vaginal health by keeping the area clean and dry can also help reduce the risk of infections that can lead to a swollen vulva.

Key Takeaways

A swollen vulva is a common symptom of vaginitis, which can be caused by infections or an imbalance in vaginal bacteria.
Potential causes include allergic reactions, sexual activity, yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis.
Treatment may involve avoiding irritants, using over-the-counter medications, or seeking medical care from a doctor.
Preventing a swollen vulva involves being mindful of the products used, maintaining good vaginal health, and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms persist.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a swollen vulva always indicate an infection?

No, a swollen vulva is not always a sign of an infection. It can also be a normal response to sexual activity or an allergic reaction to certain products.

How long should a swollen vulva last?

The duration of a swollen vulva can vary depending on the underlying cause. If it is due to sexual activity, the swelling should subside relatively quickly. However, if it is caused by an infection or allergic reaction, the swelling may persist for several days or longer.

Can a swollen vulva be a sign of a serious condition?

In some cases, a swollen vulva can be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a sexually transmitted infection or a skin disorder. If the swelling persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an evaluation.

Is it safe to use over-the-counter treatments for a swollen vulva?

Over-the-counter treatments like antifungal creams or cortisone creams can be helpful for mild cases of a swollen vulva. However, it’s important to follow the instructions carefully and discontinue use if the symptoms do not improve or worsen. Seeking medical advice is recommended, especially if the swelling is severe or accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

Can a swollen vulva be prevented?

Yes, there are steps you can take to help prevent a swollen vulva, such as avoiding potential irritants, maintaining good vaginal hygiene, and using adequate lubrication during sexual activity. If you have a history of recurrent infections or allergic reactions, it’s a good idea to work with your healthcare provider to develop a prevention plan.

Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, Treatment

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

What you can do

If you suspect an allergic reaction, stop using the product or wearing the item of clothing that may be causing irritation. Limiting your exposure to irritants should help ease the swelling.

You could also use an over-the-counter (OTC) cortisone cream to reduce your symptoms. If the swelling continues, you should see your doctor. They may recommend a sitz bath or a prescription topical cream for treatment.

Shop for cortisone cream.

A swollen vulva is normal after any sexual encounter. Sexual arousal causes increased blood flow to the area, causing it to swell and become puffy. Your clitoris may also enlarge.

Your vulva may swell if there wasn’t enough lubricant during penetration. This can irritate the area.

What you can do

Your vulva shouldn’t stay swollen for long, and you can use a cold compress to ease any swelling or puffiness.

Although swelling is a normal symptom of arousal, you can take some proactive measures to avoid serious swelling. Be sure to keep natural or store-bought lubricant on hand to avoid friction, and stay away from products that could cause an allergic reaction.

Shop for personal lubricant.

Vaginal yeast infections will affect up to 3 out of 4 women in their lifetime.

In addition to swelling, you may experience:

irritation
thick white discharge
intense itchiness
burning sensation
pain or soreness
rash

If your symptoms are severe, or you’ve had four or more infections in a year, you should see your doctor.

What you can do

You can use an OTC antifungal vaginal cream, ointment, or suppository to stop the reaction and alleviate the swelling.

If this is the first time you’ve had symptoms of an yeast infection — or if they don’t disappear with at-home treatment — you should make an appointment with your doctor.

Depending on your symptoms, your doctor will prescribe either a single-dose or multi-dose oral antifungal medication. They may also recommend maintenance therapy if you have recurring yeast infections.

Shop for antifungal vaginal cream.

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of vaginitis, affecting up to a third of women in the United States. It’s caused by an imbalance in the bacteria found in your vagina, and it can lead to an off-white or gray discharge and a fishy smell. Although a swollen vulva isn’t a common symptom, it’s still possible.

What you can do

For some women, symptoms of bacterial vaginosis resolve on their own. You should never use OTC yeast products to treat bacterial vaginosis, because it could make the infection worse.

BV symptoms do mimic other forms of vaginitis, so you should see your doctor if your symptoms persist. They can rule out any other conditions and prescribe medication to help ease your symptoms.

A swollen vulva is a common symptom of pregnancy. Your growing uterus will block your blood flow in your pelvic region, causing your vulva and legs to swell. The swelling becomes worse as you go further along in your pregnancy.

But that’s not the only change to your vulva; because your uterus and embryo require more blood to flow in your genital area, your vulva will also change colors to a bluish tinge.

What you can do

You could try some home remedies to treat your swollen vulva. You could use a cold compress or cold water rinse to reduce swelling.

If you’re concerned about your symptoms or have any questions, make sure to bring them up to your doctor. Your doctor will be able to rule out any other underlying conditions, like cysts or bacterial vaginosis.

A Bartholin’s cyst is a small sac filled with fluid that appears just inside the vaginal opening. It’s soft and painless, and often doesn’t lead to any symptoms.

But if the Bartholin’s cyst grows large, it can become uncomfortable and lead to pain in your vulva when you have sex, walk, or sit down.

If your vulva is swollen, red, tender, and hot, that means the cyst has become infected and has caused an abscess in one of the Bartholin’s glands. These are pea-sized glands found on the left and right side of the vaginal opening.

What you can do

You should see your doctor right away if your vulva has become:

swollen
red
hot
tender

Your doctor may perform a swab test or biopsy to see if the cyst is infected and to rule out Bartholin’s gland cancer, a rare form of vulvar cancer.

After making a diagnosis, your doctor may recommend soaking in some warm water several times a day for up to four days, or holding a warm compress against the area to reduce the cyst and any swelling.

If you have an abscess, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the infection, and then drain the cyst.

Genital Crohn’s disease is the skin condition caused by granulomas developed from Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease. It’s a rare disease that can cause persistent swelling of the vulva, in addition to cracks, erosions, and hollow cavities in the genital area.

What you can do

You should see your doctor if your vulva is swollen for more than a few days. They may prescribe a topical steroid or calcineurin inhibitor to help reduce any swelling. Your doctor may also recommend antiseptic cleansers to treat secondary infection or skin fissures.

You can ease — and even prevent — a swollen vulva by following these tips and tricks.

You can

Practice good hygiene. Avoiding baths, hot tubs, and whirlpool spas will reduce exposure to bacteria and fungi. Also, make sure to wipe from front to back after going to the bathroom to prevent the spread of fecal bacteria to your vagina.
Don’t use products that can cause irritation. Avoid harsh soaps, scented tampons, pads, douches, and scented soaps. Also, to prevent irritation, make sure to rinse soap thoroughly from your genitals after a shower and dry the area well.
Don’t douche. When you douche, you’re wiping out the good bacteria in your vagina. This allows the bad bacteria to overgrow and leads to vaginitis.
Wear cotton underwear. Cotton underwear allows your genital area to breathe and will prevent yeast from growing.
Always use a latex condom. Wearing a condom will prevent sexual infections from spreading.

Was this helpful?

You don’t have to wait for pain or discomfort to see your doctor. If your vulva is swollen for more than a few days, you should make a doctor’s appointment. But if you’re experiencing intense pain or discomfort, seek immediate medical attention. Your doctor will be able to diagnose the underlying condition causing your vulva to swell, and recommend the appropriate treatment option.

Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, Treatment

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

What you can do

If you suspect an allergic reaction, stop using the product or wearing the item of clothing that may be causing irritation. Limiting your exposure to irritants should help ease the swelling.

Shop for cortisone cream.

A swollen vulva is normal after any sexual encounter. Sexual arousal causes increased blood flow to the area, causing it to swell and become puffy. Your clitoris may also enlarge.

Your vulva may swell if there wasn’t enough lubricant during penetration. This can irritate the area.

What you can do

Your vulva shouldn’t stay swollen for long, and you can use a cold compress to ease any swelling or puffiness.

Shop for personal lubricant.

Vaginal yeast infections will affect up to 3 out of 4 women in their lifetime.

In addition to swelling, you may experience:

irritation
thick white discharge
intense itchiness
burning sensation
pain or soreness
rash

If your symptoms are severe, or you’ve had four or more infections in a year, you should see your doctor.

What you can do

You can use an OTC antifungal vaginal cream, ointment, or suppository to stop the reaction and alleviate the swelling.

If this is the first time you’ve had symptoms of an yeast infection — or if they don’t disappear with at-home treatment — you should make an appointment with your doctor.

Shop for antifungal vaginal cream.

What you can do

For some women, symptoms of bacterial vaginosis resolve on their own. You should never use OTC yeast products to treat bacterial vaginosis, because it could make the infection worse.

BV symptoms do mimic other forms of vaginitis, so you should see your doctor if your symptoms persist. They can rule out any other conditions and prescribe medication to help ease your symptoms.

But that’s not the only change to your vulva; because your uterus and embryo require more blood to flow in your genital area, your vulva will also change colors to a bluish tinge.

What you can do

You could try some home remedies to treat your swollen vulva. You could use a cold compress or cold water rinse to reduce swelling.

A Bartholin’s cyst is a small sac filled with fluid that appears just inside the vaginal opening. It’s soft and painless, and often doesn’t lead to any symptoms.

But if the Bartholin’s cyst grows large, it can become uncomfortable and lead to pain in your vulva when you have sex, walk, or sit down.

What you can do

You should see your doctor right away if your vulva has become:

swollen
red
hot
tender

Your doctor may perform a swab test or biopsy to see if the cyst is infected and to rule out Bartholin’s gland cancer, a rare form of vulvar cancer.

If you have an abscess, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the infection, and then drain the cyst.

What you can do

You can ease — and even prevent — a swollen vulva by following these tips and tricks.

You can

Practice good hygiene. Avoiding baths, hot tubs, and whirlpool spas will reduce exposure to bacteria and fungi. Also, make sure to wipe from front to back after going to the bathroom to prevent the spread of fecal bacteria to your vagina.
Don’t use products that can cause irritation. Avoid harsh soaps, scented tampons, pads, douches, and scented soaps. Also, to prevent irritation, make sure to rinse soap thoroughly from your genitals after a shower and dry the area well.
Don’t douche. When you douche, you’re wiping out the good bacteria in your vagina. This allows the bad bacteria to overgrow and leads to vaginitis.
Wear cotton underwear. Cotton underwear allows your genital area to breathe and will prevent yeast from growing.
Always use a latex condom. Wearing a condom will prevent sexual infections from spreading.

Was this helpful?

Neoplasms of the vulva – description, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Neoplasms of the vulva – tumors of a benign and malignant nature in the area of the external female genital organs. A tumor occurs when the process of cell differentiation is disturbed. A healthy immune system identifies these cells and destroys them. With a weakened immune system, they begin to grow and multiply, not obeying the body.

Vulva includes:

pubic area;
clitoris area;
labia vulva and labia minora;
entrance to the vagina.

Tumors of the vulva can spread:

Posteriorly to the perineum, posterior labial commissure, rectum.
Anteriorly – on the opening of the urethra, bladder.
Up to the vagina, cervix, uterus. The boundary between the external and internal genital organs in girls is the hymen.

The function of the vulva is to participate in sexual intercourse. With tactile stimulation of the receptors of the vulva, the production of a secret that moisturizes the entrance to the vagina is stimulated.

Symptoms of neoplasms of the vulva

If a tumor process develops in the vulva, a woman may experience the following symptoms:

pain;
foreign body sensation;
discomfort when moving, walking, during sexual intercourse;
discharge with impurities of blood, pus;
menstrual disorders;
general weakness, temperature;
enlarged inguinal lymph nodes;
urination disorders – frequent painful urges, pathological impurities in the urine;
pain in the perineum, defecation disorders.

It is desirable to detect the disease as early as possible. This will facilitate the treatment process, relieve unpleasant symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. Therefore, at the first suspicious sensations from the reproductive system, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist.

Complications of vulvar tumors include:

Anemia due to chronic blood loss.
Problems with conception.
Refusal of sexual activity due to pain on contact with the tissues of the external female genital organs.
Degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one.
Compression of neighboring organs – urethra, bladder, rectum.

Diagnosis

A woman is examined by a doctor in a gynecological chair. Assesses the size, shape, symmetry, color of the external genital organs, then proceeds to the examination of the vagina, cervix. Tumors of small sizes in the depth of tissues may not be visible during examination. If they are from 1-2 cm, bulging of tissues in this place is noticeable. Skin color can be reddish, cyanotic, normal.

A colposcope is used for targeted examination. Applying a solution of acetic acid or toluidine blue to the skin of the external genital organs makes areas with neoplasms more visible against the background of healthy tissues.

Condylomas look like pointed dark pyramids, they are painless, soft to the touch, located one by one or in groups.

During palpation, the doctor specifies the consistency of the tumor (soft, dense), the boundaries, whether the focus is soldered to the surrounding tissues, pain. It also checks the regional lymph nodes. They can be enlarged, painful, dense.

They take smears for cytology, this will allow you to examine the tissues under a microscope and make an accurate diagnosis. Sometimes a piece of tissue is plucked from a suspicious area for histological examination.

To assess the condition of the internal genital organs, a vaginal examination, colposcopy, and transvaginal ultrasound are performed.

If necessary, additional research methods are prescribed:

MRI, CT, X-ray of the pelvic organs.
General analysis of blood, urine, biochemical study.

Due to the fact that the female genital organs are located near the rectum and bladder, with tumors of the vulva, the process often extends to neighboring organs. There may be disorders of urination, defecation, false and painful urges, pain in the perineum. To examine the bladder appoint:

general and special urine tests;
ultrasound;
x-ray with contrast;
endoscopic examination of the bladder.

To examine the intestine in detail, a woman is prescribed:

Sigmoidoscopy – examination of the mucous membrane with an optical instrument.
Proctologist’s consultation, digital examination.
X-ray with contrast.

Lymph nodes are assessed by ultrasound, MRI, CT, palpation. The PET scan method is good at detecting metastases. To detect metastases in the breast, it is enough to do a contrast mammogram.

Types of benign diseases of the vulva

Benign tumors are neoplasms that are not aggressive towards neighboring cells and tissues. They grow by pushing away healthy tissues rather than invading them. They do not metastasize, do not affect the lymphatic system and other organs, do not spread throughout the body. The cells that make up a benign tumor do not differ much from normal ones.

However, this does not mean that they can be ignored and that they are not dangerous at all. Tumors can compress neighboring cells, cause ischemia, inflammation, and tissue necrosis. Some types of tumors can degenerate into malignant ones, so they need to be removed in a timely manner.

If the neoplasm does not cause discomfort, is found by chance during examination, is small, slowly growing, and is monitored. If active growth begins, symptoms appear that interfere with the woman, it must be removed surgically.

Depending on what cells the tumor consists of, all benign neoplasms of the vulva are subdivided:

Myoma – it develops from muscle tissue. If from smooth muscles, it is called leiomyoma, if from striated – rhabdomyoma. The tumor is similar to a mobile dense ball, it is more often found on the surface of the labia majora.
Fibroma – consists of connective tissue fibers. The tumor is elastic to the touch, with clear contours, may have a stalk or is located in the depths of the tissues. The most common localization is the labia majora, the entrance to the vagina.
Condylomas, papillomas – superficial formations from the stratification of epithelial cells. They have the appearance of a tubercle, often with papillary outgrowths on the surface. Human papillomatosis viruses (HPV) play an important role in their development. They have a high risk of malignancy, especially if the process spreads to the internal genital organs of a woman. The color often differs from the surrounding tissues – brown or whitish. The condyloma has a wide base, the papilloma has a narrow stalk that connects the tumor to the organ. Single formations are possible, but more often – multiple. They are located on the labia, at the entrance to the vagina, on the pubic area.
Adenoma – consists of epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the vulva.
Angioma is a tumor of vascular tissue. There is a lymphangioma, it is soft, has a blue tint, consists of lymphatic vessels filled with fluid. A hemangioma is an overgrowth of small blood vessels. It can spread from the external genitalia into the vagina, to the cervix. Reddish or blue nodules protrude above the surface of the vulva, bleed heavily when injured.
Lipoma, or wen. Not dangerous, soft to the touch, rounded. Found on the pubis, external labia.
Myxoma – the formation has a capsule, inside it is filled with a yellowish liquid.
Tumors from mixed tissues – fibrolipoma, fibromyoma (incorporates modified cells of connective and muscle tissue).
Hydroadenoma – from the sweat glands in the vulva. Nodules are small, multiple, usually brown, pink or yellow. They are found on the pubis and in the area of the labia, often located symmetrically.
Bartholin gland cyst – located in one of the labia, filled with fluid, painless.

Features of the treatment of benign tumors

Whether it is necessary to remove a benign tumor, the doctor decides. It depends on the age of the woman, the growth rate and type of tumor, the severity of symptoms. If you need to remove the formation, it is done within healthy tissues:

If the tumor is on the leg, it is cut.
If the skin or mucous membrane is cut deep in the tissues, the tumor is bluntly excised, the bleeding is stopped, the tissues are sutured.

After the operation, it is necessary to observe, change dressings with antiseptic ointments and solutions. Locally prescribed drugs that speed up healing. Sometimes oral or injectable antibiotics.

To remove superficial benign formations, not only a scalpel is used, but also more gentle methods:

Cryodestruction – under the action of nitrogen, tumor cells are frozen, they die. The operation is used for warts, does not require anesthesia. It is easily tolerated by women.
Radio wave therapy involves the separation of tissues by a directed stream of low frequency radio waves. The procedure does not cause pain, is not accompanied by bleeding. The tissues heal almost without scarring. The rehabilitation period is minimal, as is the risk of complications.
Laser removal of neoplasms is also characterized by respect for healthy tissues. The condyloma cells are evaporated due to the high temperature that is created by the directed beam of light.
Electrocoagulation – a more rough method, the tumor is affected by an electric current. Subsequently, a scar may remain in the treatment area, deforming the vulva.
Plasma coagulation – evaporation of a tumor by exposure to a plasma discharge. As a rule, the scars are small, and the woman does not experience pain.
Cauterization with chemically active substances, such as acids, solcoderm. The most commonly used nitric acid, it causes coagulation of tumor cells. There is no need to anesthetize, the tissues heal well without large scars.
Sclerotherapy is used in the treatment of hemangiomas – a substance is introduced into the vessels, leading to tissue sclerosis, gluing and emptying of the vessels.

All these methods can be used if there are no signs of inflammation, malignancy in the tumor growth zone, the woman does not have a herpes infection of the genital organs, problems with blood clotting. After removal, the tissue is sent for histological examination. If at the same time malignant cells are detected, the treatment will be supplemented with chemotherapy or radiation exposure.

Papillomas tend to recur. Therefore, after surgical removal, it is necessary to undergo a course of antiviral treatment.

Types of malignant neoplasms of the vulva

Malignant diseases are more dangerous, but they can also be successfully cured if detected in the early stages. About 80% of all cases of vulvar cancer are diagnosed in women over 55 years of age. Types of malignant tumors of the external genital organs:

Squamous cell carcinoma (90% of all cancers) is a malignant formation from epithelial cells. Often it is found in the thickness of the labia majora. At the same time, the woman complains of a feeling of a foreign body, irregular discharge with blood impurities. Burning, itching, pain are possible. The skin in the area of education changes color to red or cyanotic, there are ulcers, seals. Ulcers do not heal for a long time, have an unpleasant odor, bleeding occurs upon contact. Carcinoma is often preceded by a benign papilloma that grows from sweat or Bartholin gland cells.
Melanoma – consists of pigment cells. Alertness should arise if the mole began to grow rapidly, its color and shape changed, redness appeared around it, swelling of the skin, itching, pain.
Less common are sarcoma, Paget’s cancer, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma.

How to treat malignant tumors?

The main methods of treatment of malignant neoplasms:

Surgical – remove the focus and adjacent tissues so that no tumor cells remain in the body. If the lymph nodes are affected, they are also removed along with fiber. In the presence of metastases in other organs, the volume of the operation increases even more. Therefore, everyone is interested in identifying the disease at the earliest possible stages.
Chemotherapy – prescribe cytostatics that inhibit the growth and division of cells in tumors. Often it is prescribed before or after surgery, which allows you to reduce the primary focus and reduce the risk of relapse.
Radiation therapy – irradiation of tumor growth zones inhibits the development of a neoplasm, facilitates its surgical removal.

Depending on the histological structure of the tumor, these methods are combined to achieve the best effect.

In the development of malignant tumors of the external female genital organs, 4 stages are conventionally distinguished. This is necessary for choosing a treatment regimen:

Precancer is a disease that often turns into a malignant tumor. Precancerous diseases include papilloma, genital warts (cause HPV), leukoplakia (increased keratinization of the epidermis), vulvar kraurosis (sclerosis and deformity, atrophic changes in the external female genital organs), intraepithelial neoplasia.
The first is a focus up to 2 cm, located within the same anatomical zone.
Second – the tumor captures more than 2 cm, but does not extend beyond the vulva.
The third is characterized by spread to the lymph nodes, nearby organs – anus, urethra, vagina.
Fourth – distant organs are involved in the tumor process, such as bones, liver, lungs, brain. Metastases can be indicated by bone pain, exhaustion, rapid weight loss, and an unhealthy skin tone.

In the early stages, it is possible to perform organ-preserving operations, while maintaining the appearance and shape of the vulva. If the tumor has invaded more tissue, part or all of the vulva may need to be removed. In such cases, a woman may be offered a reconstructive operation, after which the external genitalia will be formed from other soft tissues of the patient. This will allow her to lead a normal sex life, not to feel psychological discomfort.

If distant organs are affected, surgery may not always be possible. In advanced cases, palliative treatment is prescribed to alleviate the suffering of a woman. For pain, analgesics are prescribed orally or by injection. If the tumor spreads to the urethra, a urologist is involved in the operations, the rectum – a proctologist.

Measures to prevent vulvar neoplasms

It is not possible to prevent 100% of vulvar neoplasms. However, if you follow a number of rules, you can reduce the risk of developing a tumor:

Treat acute and chronic diseases of the female reproductive system. Trichomonas, chlamydia, the causative agent of gonorrhea, fungi of the genus Candida, the herpes virus cause vulvitis, vulvovaginitis. Despite the chronic course, complaints may be practically absent. Without treatment, fibrotic changes in organs increase, their shape and function are disturbed, and local immunity is weakened.
Have sex with one partner. If you do not want to become pregnant, you need to use contraceptive methods so as not to resort to abortion.
Visit a gynecologist once a year for preventive purposes. Even in the absence of symptoms, a tumor may be detected.
A mobile lifestyle, walking, exercises will reduce the stagnation of blood in the small pelvis.
HPV infection can be prevented by using a vaccine, contact methods of contraception, limiting the number of sexual partners. HIV weakens the body’s immune defenses. Against the background of this disease, HPV infection occurs more easily. The virus penetrates into the cell nucleus, leads to changes in the genetic apparatus, causes the reproduction of atypical mutated cells. Thus, HPV leads to the development of not only vulvar cancer, but also cervical cancer, one of the most common pathologies in women.
Refusal of bad habits – overeating, smoking, alcohol, sweets.
Genital hygiene.
Injury to the vulva should be avoided. More often this happens during rapid childbirth, during sports, during falls, during intimate relationships.

You can have an examination by a gynecologist at our clinic. Admission is by appointment. On the spot, you can pass all the necessary tests, do ultrasound, x-rays and apply other imaging methods. The older the woman, the higher the risk of developing cancer.

Experienced doctors will help to identify the beginning problem in time. The staff is attentive to each patient. Treatment can be obtained in full, including surgery, if necessary, chemotherapy, radiation. The clinic widely uses sparing methods of treatment. After them, the recovery of a woman is faster, pain is not bothered. Whenever possible, organ-sparing operations are always chosen.

Author

Radlevich Natalya Vadimovna

obstetrician-gynecologist, ultrasound diagnostics

Doctor of the highest category, candidate of medical sciences

Experience 26 years

+7 (495) 032-15-21

Swelling of the vagina.

Causes and diagnosis

Contents

Physiological edema

Pathological edema

Clinical manifestations of vaginal edema

Consequences for the child

What to do if the labia is swollen

Diagnosis

Treatment 90 008
Summary

References

Physical changes in the genital area should always be taken seriously, as they can be caused by diseases. At the same time, there are harmless reasons why a woman suddenly swells the entrance to the vagina.

But what is behind such manifestations and when is it really worth sounding the alarm?

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Vaginal edema can be caused by internal factors, including:

Cystic formations.
A cyst is a benign tumor-like formation. Its cavity has dense walls and contains an abnormal accumulation of fluid. Some types of cysts can cause slight swelling of the vagina and vulva.
Allergic reaction.
It can occur after taking medications, using hygiene products of dubious quality, vaginal contraceptives, and even contact with sperm.
Candidiasis.
The yeast-like, opportunistic microorganism candida always lives in our body. However, under certain circumstances, it activates its unfriendly qualities. In addition to swelling, a woman may be disturbed by very severe itching and curdled discharge. It often appears in violation of immunity and microbiocenosis of mucous membranes, with hormonal imbalance. It can occur both in isolation and in combination with other infections. It is considered the second most common cause of vaginal inflammation after bacterial vaginosis. By the age of 25, about 70% of women have experienced candidiasis, and by the onset of menopause, this percentage increases to 90%.
Bartholinitis.
Inflammation of the Bartholin gland, which is located on the eve of the vagina and produces natural lubrication, appears when microbes penetrate the tissue of the gland. Since the glands are located next to the labia, they also become inflamed. Most often they affect women from 20 to 35 years. Bartholinitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Trichomonas).
A favorable environment for the disease can be the presence of sinusitis in a person, weak immunity, stress, inflammation of the kidneys, candidiasis, and even diseased teeth.
Vulvovaginitis.
This is an inflammatory disease of the vaginal mucosa. The development of pathology is preceded by a weak immune system, a change in the hormonal background, a violation of the microflora of the vagina. It can appear as a result of wearing synthetic / dirty underwear, poor hygiene, trauma to the perineum, chronic uncompensated diseases (diabetes mellitus, intestinal infections, intestinal dysbacteriosis), as well as as a result of unprotected intercourse.
Vulvodynia.
Vulvodynia is called chronic pain in the vulva, and especially in the vestibule of the vagina. Painful sensations can be accompanied, among other things, by swelling and appear against the background of infection, diseases of the reproductive system or allergies.

Vaginal edema can be caused not only by infections and inflammations, but also by other factors:

Sexual intercourse.
The labia is one of the most erogenous zones of the female body. They are supplied with a large number of venous and arterial vessels, nerve endings. Therefore, touches, caresses, penetrations irritate the nerve receptors. This provokes a rush of blood and, as a result, swelling of the lips.
Lack of hygiene.
For example, wearing dirty laundry or infrequent showers.
Inflammation with chafing of the perineum.
It can be provoked, for example, by cycling, uncomfortable clothing.
Stress.
It reduces general and local immunity, makes the body vulnerable to various viruses, and also vulnerable to inflammation.
Pregnancy.
Vaginal edema is one of the most common complaints that women have to face during the period of bearing a child. Hormonal changes can provoke unpleasant changes (including an increase in the level of the hormone progesterone, which tends to retain fluid), an increase in blood flow to the pelvis, and problems with venous circulation.

Vaginal edema can be either an independent and the only symptom, or part of the clinical picture.

This disease can be recognized by the following manifestations:

Swelling / swelling of the vagina;
Redness;
Discomfort in the perineum;
Pain on intercourse, washing, walking, intimacy;
Burning when urinating.

Next, consider a narrower symptomatology of various diseases, which are characterized by swelling of the vagina:

With bartholinitis, in addition to the above signs, a dense formation appears in the labia majora (about 3-4 cm), lymph nodes increase, serous or purulent discharge can be seen, and body temperature can rise to 39degrees. With the formation of an abscess of the Bartholin gland, the edema increases rapidly, and the patients complain of intense pain.
Toxic shock syndrome causes chills, muscle pain, vomiting, skin rashes (resembling a burn). In severe cases, there is shortness of breath, yellowness of the skin, clouding of the urine.
Colpitis is accompanied by serous or purulent discharge, itching, discomfort during intercourse;
Vulvovaginitis is characterized by hyperemia of the skin, greenish-yellow discharge, pain during movement and urination.
Vulvodynia. Very often, patients notice a sharp, throbbing pain. It can give to the anus, buttocks, thighs.

Who is at risk? Here are the most prone to vaginal edema categories:

Pregnant;
Women after menopause;
Women who have multiple sexual partners;
Women suffering from sexually transmitted infections;
Women neglecting intimate hygiene.

Vaginal edema can be provoked or aggravated by thermal and mechanical factors: overheating, hypothermia, daily use of sanitary pads, wearing synthetic underwear or tight trousers, trauma to the vaginal mucosa during sexual contact.

During pregnancy, a woman’s body is completely rebuilt. The microbiota of the vagina also changes: the number increases Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella.

Such changes are necessary for the formation of healthy microflora in the baby. When a baby passes through the birth canal, the organism is colonized by microorganisms that will make up the normal microbiota of the gut, skin, and respiratory tract. Thus, the mother’s body passes on a healthy microbiota to the child, which is necessary for the adequate functioning of the immune system.

Interesting fact: Babies born by caesarean section have no contact with the vaginal microflora. In the stool of such newborns, bacteria are found that are common in the hospital.

If a pregnant woman has a pathological swelling of the vagina, then it does not pose a threat to the fetus. The same cannot be said about physiological edema, which can be caused by infection or inflammation. In this case, there is a possibility of defects and complications. To prevent the development of this situation, it is important to contact your doctor to clarify the diagnosis.

First of all, you need to contact a gynecologist. Only a qualified specialist after diagnostic procedures and test results will be able to make an accurate diagnosis, on the basis of which he will prescribe a comprehensive treatment.

Secondly, it is necessary to exclude from everyday life all factors provoking edema:

Choose comfortable underwear. Nothing and nowhere should hold you down, it is better to refuse synthetic fabric.
Shower daily, choose detergents labeled “hypoallergenic”.
Do not share razors, towels, or other personal hygiene items.
Control the number of sexual partners;
Refrain from sexual intercourse until the exact cause of the swelling has been determined.

As for first aid, vaginal swelling can be relieved by the following measures:

Cold compress. Cold significantly reduces pain.
Rest. If this unpleasant situation overtook you, then give yourself time to rest, not straining and not hurrying anywhere.
Raise your legs and hips. This body position will improve blood flow and reduce pain.

The diagnosis should be made by a gynecologist. This process may consist of several steps:

History taking. In order to form a complete and reliable clinical picture, you will need to tell the doctor about the current acute and chronic diseases, general health, the time and characteristics of the onset of edema, medications taken, etc.
Gynecological examination with special mirrors. The procedure will help to see the condition of the vagina, the presence of redness, discharge, the degree of swelling.
Taking a smear for the composition of microflora from the vagina, urethra and cervix. This step is important to detect the presence of STDs and other infections.
If necessary and if the inflammatory nature of the edema is suspected, the doctor will conduct an ultrasound .

In order to preserve the composition of microflora as best as possible, refrain from sexual intercourse, intimate lubricants, vaginal suppositories and antibiotics a day before taking.

The treatment plan is made individually.

Therapy may include:

Antimicrobials. Depending on the identified microorganism, antibiotics, anthelmintic and other drugs are prescribed.
Antihistamines. They are prescribed for severe itching, allergic manifestations. Reduce inflammation and improve overall health.
Hormonal agents. They are used if vaginal edema is associated with hormonal changes, for example, during menopause, with atrophic vulvitis and vulvar kraus.

Swollen vulva on one side. Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, and Treatment

Understanding Swollen Vulva

Causes of Swollen Vulva

Allergic Reaction

Sexual Activity

Yeast Infection

Bacterial Vaginosis

Treating Swollen Vulva

Allergic Reaction

Sexual Activity

Yeast Infection

Bacterial Vaginosis

When to See a Doctor

Preventing Swollen Vulva

Key Takeaways

Frequently Asked Questions

Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, Treatment

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What you can do

What you can do

What you can do

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What you can do

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Swollen Vulva: Causes, Other Symptoms, Treatment

What you can do

What you can do

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Neoplasms of the vulva – description, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Symptoms of neoplasms of the vulva

Diagnosis

Types of benign diseases of the vulva

Features of the treatment of benign tumors

Types of malignant neoplasms of the vulva

How to treat malignant tumors?

Measures to prevent vulvar neoplasms

Swelling of the vagina.

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