What is considered a fever. How does the body regulate temperature. When should you seek medical attention for a fever. What are common causes of fevers. How are fevers diagnosed. What are effective treatments for fevers. How can you stay comfortable when you have a fever.

Understanding Fever: Definition and Significance

A fever, also known as hyperthermia or pyrexia, is a body temperature that exceeds the normal range. While normal body temperatures can vary slightly from person to person, they typically fall between 97°F and 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). A temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is generally considered a fever.

Why does the body develop a fever? The hypothalamus, a part of the brain responsible for temperature regulation, may reset the body’s temperature higher in response to various stimuli, such as infections or illnesses. This elevation in body temperature is often a sign that your immune system is actively working to combat a threat.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While fevers are usually not dangerous on their own, certain situations warrant medical attention:

• An adult’s temperature reaches 103°F (39.4°C) or higher
• An infant under 3 months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
• A child between 3-6 months has a fever above 102°F (38.9°C)
• Any fever in a child that persists for more than a day or is accompanied by other symptoms
• A fever that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter medications
• Any temperature over 104°F (40°C) in a child, which could potentially lead to seizures

Common Symptoms Accompanying Fevers

When experiencing a fever, individuals may notice various accompanying symptoms. These can include:

• Chills or shivering
• Excessive sweating
• Headaches
• General weakness
• Irritability
• Loss of appetite
• Dehydration

Is it possible to have a fever without any other symptoms? While less common, some individuals may experience a fever as their sole symptom, particularly in the early stages of an infection or illness.

Unraveling the Causes of Fevers

Fevers can arise from a multitude of health conditions, some of which may require medical intervention. The most frequent causes include:

1. Viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu, COVID-19)
2. Bacterial infections (e.g., strep throat, urinary tract infections)
3. Inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
4. Certain medications
5. Vaccinations and immunizations
6. Heat exhaustion
7. Sunburn
8. Hormonal disorders (e.g., hyperthyroidism)
9. Autoimmune conditions (e.g., lupus, inflammatory bowel disease)
10. Cancer
11. Blood clots
12. Substance abuse (e.g., amphetamines, cocaine)

Can teething cause a fever in babies? Teething can indeed cause a mild, low-grade fever in infants, typically not exceeding 101°F (38.3°C).

Diagnosing the Root Cause of Fevers

While measuring a fever is straightforward with a thermometer, identifying its underlying cause can be challenging. Healthcare providers employ various methods to diagnose the source of a fever:

• Physical examination
• Detailed medical history
• Review of recent travel history
• Assessment of potential infection risks
• Evaluation of other symptoms
• Laboratory tests (if necessary)

In some cases, the cause of a fever may not be immediately apparent, leading to a diagnosis of “fever of unknown origin.” This can occur due to unusual or less obvious conditions such as chronic infections, connective tissue disorders, or certain types of cancer.

The Role of COVID-19 in Fever Diagnosis

Given the ongoing global health situation, healthcare providers may inquire about potential exposure to COVID-19 or the presence of other COVID-19 symptoms when evaluating a fever. This additional step helps in ruling out or identifying this specific viral infection.

Effective Treatments for Fevers

The approach to treating a fever depends on its underlying cause, the patient’s age, and overall health condition. While fevers are often considered a natural defense mechanism against infections, treatment may be necessary to alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Over-the-Counter Medications

Common treatments for fever include:

• Acetaminophen
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen

It’s important to note that children and teenagers should avoid aspirin due to its association with Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition.

Targeted Treatments

In cases where the fever is caused by a specific condition, targeted treatments may be necessary. For instance, antibiotics would be prescribed for bacterial infections like strep throat.

Staying Comfortable During a Fever

While your body works to fight off the underlying cause of the fever, there are several ways to maintain comfort:

1. Stay hydrated by drinking clear liquids such as water, broth, juices, or rehydration drinks
2. Take lukewarm baths to help cool the body
3. Get plenty of rest to support your body’s healing process
4. Keep yourself cool with lightweight clothing and bedding

How long should you expect a fever to last? The duration of a fever can vary depending on its cause. Most fevers associated with viral infections resolve within a few days to a week. However, if a fever persists or worsens despite home care measures, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

The Impact of Fevers on Different Age Groups

Fevers can affect individuals differently based on their age. Understanding these variations is crucial for appropriate management and knowing when to seek medical attention.

Infants and Young Children

Fevers in infants and young children require special attention due to their developing immune systems and inability to communicate discomfort effectively. Parents and caregivers should be particularly vigilant about:

• Monitoring temperature regularly
• Observing for signs of dehydration
• Watching for additional symptoms such as lethargy or persistent crying
• Consulting a pediatrician for fevers in very young infants or those that persist

Adults and Elderly

While adults generally have more robust immune systems, fevers in the elderly can be more concerning due to potential underlying health conditions. Older adults may:

• Experience less pronounced fever symptoms
• Be at higher risk for complications from prolonged fevers
• Require closer monitoring and earlier medical intervention

How does age affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature? As we age, our bodies may become less efficient at regulating temperature, making older adults more susceptible to both hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Fever Prevention and Immune System Support

While it’s not always possible to prevent fevers, especially those caused by infections, there are steps you can take to support your immune system and reduce the risk of illness:

1. Maintain good hygiene practices, including regular handwashing
2. Stay up-to-date with vaccinations
3. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
4. Get adequate sleep and manage stress levels
5. Exercise regularly to boost overall health
6. Avoid close contact with individuals who are ill

Can certain foods or supplements help prevent fevers? While no specific food or supplement can prevent fevers directly, a well-balanced diet and certain nutrients (such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc) can support overall immune function.

The Role of Stress in Fever Susceptibility

Chronic stress can weaken the immune system, potentially making individuals more susceptible to infections and, consequently, fevers. Implementing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can contribute to overall health and potentially reduce the frequency of illness-related fevers.

Myths and Misconceptions About Fevers

Despite the prevalence of fevers, several misconceptions persist about their causes, effects, and treatments. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth 1: Fevers are always dangerous

Reality: Most fevers are beneficial, signaling that the body is fighting an infection. Only very high fevers or those in vulnerable populations (e.g., young infants) are typically cause for immediate concern.

Myth 2: You should always treat a fever

Reality: Low-grade fevers often don’t require treatment unless they cause significant discomfort. The fever itself can help the body fight off infections more effectively.

Myth 3: Bundling up helps “sweat out” a fever

Reality: Excessive bundling can actually raise body temperature further. It’s better to dress comfortably and keep the environment cool.

Myth 4: Feed a cold, starve a fever

Reality: Proper nutrition and hydration are important for recovery from any illness, including those causing fevers. Eat if you feel hungry, but don’t force food if you lack appetite.

Are cold baths effective for reducing fevers? While they may temporarily lower body temperature, cold baths can be uncomfortable and may cause shivering, which can actually raise body temperature. Lukewarm baths are generally more effective and comfortable.

The Future of Fever Management and Research

As medical science advances, our understanding of fevers and their management continues to evolve. Current and future research areas include:

• Development of more accurate and non-invasive temperature monitoring devices
• Investigation into the role of fever in fighting specific pathogens
• Exploration of targeted therapies that work in conjunction with the body’s natural fever response
• Study of the long-term effects of frequent fevers on overall health
• Research into personalized fever management based on individual factors and underlying causes

How might technology impact fever diagnosis and treatment in the future? Advancements in wearable technology and artificial intelligence could lead to continuous temperature monitoring and early detection of fever patterns, potentially allowing for more timely and targeted interventions.

The Ongoing Relevance of Fever Research

As global health challenges like antibiotic resistance and emerging infectious diseases continue to evolve, understanding the nuances of the body’s fever response becomes increasingly important. This knowledge could lead to more effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of illnesses.

In conclusion, while fevers can be concerning, they are often a sign that the body is actively fighting an infection or responding to an underlying condition. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and appropriate management strategies for fevers, individuals can make informed decisions about their health and when to seek medical attention. As research in this field progresses, we can look forward to even more sophisticated and personalized approaches to fever management in the future.

High Temperature Causes and Treatments

Written by Rick Ansorge

• What Is a Fever?
• Fever Symptoms
• Fever Causes
• Fever Diagnosis
• Fever Treatments

A fever is a body temperature that’s higher than is considered normal. It’s also called a high temperature, hyperthermia, or pyrexia, and it’s usually a sign that your body is working to keep you healthy from an infection. Normal body temperatures are different for everyone, but they lie within the range of 97 to 99. A temperature of 100.4 or higher is considered a fever.

A part of your brain called the hypothalamus controls your body temperature. In response to an infection, illness, or some other cause, the hypothalamus may reset the body to a higher temperature. So when a fever comes on, it’s a sign that something is going on in your body.

Fevers themselves generally aren’t dangerous, but you should check in with your doctor if:

• An adult’s temperature is 103 or higher
• A very young infant (under 3 months) has a rectal temperature 100. 4 or higher (call your doctor or go to an emergency room immediately)
• A 3-6-month-old has a higher than normal rectal temperature and is also irritable or sleepy (call your doctor right away)
• A 3-6-month-old has a 102 or higher rectal temperature
• A 6-24-month-old has a fever higher than 102 for more than a day or with other symptoms such as a cough or diarrhea
• A child older than 2 has a fever that comes with rash, real discomfort, irritability, listlessness, headache, stiff neck, or repeated diarrhea or vomiting
• An infant or child has a seizure
• Any temperature over 104 in a child, which could cause a seizure
• Any fever that starts after someone has been in hot temperatures, which could be a sign of heat stroke
• The fever doesn’t go down after taking over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen in the appropriate doses
• You’ve been in contact with someone who has COVID-19

Fevers are signs of some sort of illness or infection. When you have, you may also notice these symptoms:

• Chills or shivering
• Sweating
• Headache
• Feeling weak
• Being irritable
• Losing your appetite
• Being dehydrated

A fever can be a sign of several health conditions, which may or may not need medical treatment.

The most common causes of fever are infections such as colds and stomach bugs (gastroenteritis). Other causes include:

• Infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, bladder, or kidney
• Heat exhaustion
• COVID-19
• Sunburn
• Conditions that cause inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Side effects of medications
• Vaccines and immunizations
• Blood clots
• Autoimmune conditions such as lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)
• Cancer
• Hormone disorders such as hyperthyroidism
• Illegal drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine
• Teething in babies can cause a mild, low-grade fever (not over 101 degrees)

Although a fever is easy to measure with a thermometer, finding its cause can be hard. Besides a physical exam, your doctor will ask about symptoms and conditions, medications, and if you’ve recently traveled to areas with infections or have other infection risks. A malaria infection, for example, may cause a fever that typically comes back. Some areas of the U.S. are hot spots for infections such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Your doctor may ask if you have been around someone with COVID-19 or have any other symptoms of COVID-19.

Sometimes, you may have a “fever of unknown origin.” In such cases, the cause could be an unusual or not obvious condition such as a chronic infection, a connective tissue disorder, cancer, or another problem.

Fever is usually associated with physical discomfort, and most people feel better when a fever is treated. But depending on your age, physical condition, and the underlying cause of your fever, you may or may not require medical treatment for the fever alone. Many experts believe that fever is a natural bodily defense against infection. There are also many non-infectious causes of fever.

Treatments vary depending on the cause of the fever. For example, antibiotics would be used for a bacterial infection such as strep throat.

The most common treatments for fever include over-the-counter drugs such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Children and teens should not take aspirin because it’s linked to a condition called Reye’s syndrome.

Stay comfortable by: 

• Drinking a lot of clear liquids such as water, broth, and juices or a rehydration drink.
• Taking a lukewarm bath.
• Resting.
• Keeping yourself cool with lightweight clothing and bed coverings.

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High Temperature Causes and Treatments

Written by Rick Ansorge

• What Is a Fever?
• Fever Symptoms
• Fever Causes
• Fever Diagnosis
• Fever Treatments

A fever is a body temperature that’s higher than is considered normal. It’s also called a high temperature, hyperthermia, or pyrexia, and it’s usually a sign that your body is working to keep you healthy from an infection. Normal body temperatures are different for everyone, but they lie within the range of 97 to 99. A temperature of 100.4 or higher is considered a fever.

A part of your brain called the hypothalamus controls your body temperature. In response to an infection, illness, or some other cause, the hypothalamus may reset the body to a higher temperature. So when a fever comes on, it’s a sign that something is going on in your body.

Fevers themselves generally aren’t dangerous, but you should check in with your doctor if:

• An adult’s temperature is 103 or higher
• A very young infant (under 3 months) has a rectal temperature 100.4 or higher (call your doctor or go to an emergency room immediately)
• A 3-6-month-old has a higher than normal rectal temperature and is also irritable or sleepy (call your doctor right away)
• A 3-6-month-old has a 102 or higher rectal temperature
• A 6-24-month-old has a fever higher than 102 for more than a day or with other symptoms such as a cough or diarrhea
• A child older than 2 has a fever that comes with rash, real discomfort, irritability, listlessness, headache, stiff neck, or repeated diarrhea or vomiting
• An infant or child has a seizure
• Any temperature over 104 in a child, which could cause a seizure
• Any fever that starts after someone has been in hot temperatures, which could be a sign of heat stroke
• The fever doesn’t go down after taking over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen in the appropriate doses
• You’ve been in contact with someone who has COVID-19

Fevers are signs of some sort of illness or infection. When you have, you may also notice these symptoms:

• Chills or shivering
• Sweating
• Headache
• Feeling weak
• Being irritable
• Losing your appetite
• Being dehydrated

A fever can be a sign of several health conditions, which may or may not need medical treatment.

The most common causes of fever are infections such as colds and stomach bugs (gastroenteritis). Other causes include:

• Infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, bladder, or kidney
• Heat exhaustion
• COVID-19
• Sunburn
• Conditions that cause inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Side effects of medications
• Vaccines and immunizations
• Blood clots
• Autoimmune conditions such as lupus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)
• Cancer
• Hormone disorders such as hyperthyroidism
• Illegal drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine
• Teething in babies can cause a mild, low-grade fever (not over 101 degrees)

Although a fever is easy to measure with a thermometer, finding its cause can be hard. Besides a physical exam, your doctor will ask about symptoms and conditions, medications, and if you’ve recently traveled to areas with infections or have other infection risks. A malaria infection, for example, may cause a fever that typically comes back. Some areas of the U.S. are hot spots for infections such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Your doctor may ask if you have been around someone with COVID-19 or have any other symptoms of COVID-19.

Sometimes, you may have a “fever of unknown origin.” In such cases, the cause could be an unusual or not obvious condition such as a chronic infection, a connective tissue disorder, cancer, or another problem.

Fever is usually associated with physical discomfort, and most people feel better when a fever is treated. But depending on your age, physical condition, and the underlying cause of your fever, you may or may not require medical treatment for the fever alone. Many experts believe that fever is a natural bodily defense against infection. There are also many non-infectious causes of fever.

Treatments vary depending on the cause of the fever. For example, antibiotics would be used for a bacterial infection such as strep throat.

The most common treatments for fever include over-the-counter drugs such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Children and teens should not take aspirin because it’s linked to a condition called Reye’s syndrome.

Stay comfortable by: 

• Drinking a lot of clear liquids such as water, broth, and juices or a rehydration drink.
• Taking a lukewarm bath.
• Resting.
• Keeping yourself cool with lightweight clothing and bed coverings.

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what to do, what temperature is considered high and why it is dangerous, causes and symptoms

Fever, fever – this is what we call an increase in body temperature. This is the most important defense mechanism of the human body and one of the main symptoms of infection. Most often, we encounter a fever with colds and flu. High temperatures cause some discomfort, but it helps to cope with the disease faster. We will tell you why adults have a fever, when it is necessary to bring down the temperature, and in what cases it is not worth it.

Why the temperature rises

¹

Body temperature can rise for various reasons: due to overheating, inflammation, hormonal imbalance. The processes of heat transfer in the human body are regulated by a small part of the brain – the hypothalamus. The temperature rises with any physical or chemical impact on it.

An increase in body temperature associated mainly with infections is called a fever. It develops when biologically active substances, cytokines, act on the hypothalamus. The immune system releases them into the blood in response to the inflammatory process. The production of cytokines is also enhanced by the waste products of microbes.

Fever is one of the main symptoms of an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). But it is also a protective reaction of the body, aimed at fighting the virus. When the temperature rises, the immune system synthesizes more leukocytes, which destroy or inactivate pathogenic microbes, and interferons, natural antiviral substances.

What temperature is considered high

^2.3

A temperature above 37˚C measured in the armpit is considered elevated. When measuring temperature in the oral cavity, a temperature of more than 37.2˚C is considered elevated, and in the rectum – more than 37.8˚C.

Types of fever:

● Subfebrile – 37.5–38˚C. Accompanies a chronic or easily flowing acute infection.

● Febrile – 38-39˚C. A frequent companion of most acute inflammatory processes – infectious and non-infectious.

● Pyretic (high) – 39-41˚C. This is one of the signs of a moderate flu. High fever is accompanied by symptoms that worsen well-being.

● Hyperpyretic (critically high) – more than 41˚C. It occurs in a severe form of influenza, causes life-threatening disorders of body functions.

What symptoms accompany fever

^{4, 5}

Subfebrile temperature is accompanied by weakness, feeling of weakness, headache, drowsiness, chills. At a temperature of 38˚C, the skin becomes hot, the cheeks turn red, the patient feels intense heat, dry mouth. Lips dry out and crack. With pyretic fever, nausea and vomiting may join. Hyperpyretic temperature is often accompanied by a disorder of consciousness, delirium.

Fever increases blood pressure and heart rate. An increase in temperature by one degree increases the pulse by 10-15 beats per minute.

What diseases occur with fever

⁶

The most common cause of fever in adults is acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI):

● Coronavirus, rhinovirus infection. This is SARS, affecting mainly the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and pharynx. Symptoms: runny nose, redness and sore throat, sneezing, coughing. The temperature is subfebrile (37–38˚С) or febrile (38–39C).

● Influenza. Influenza viruses can immediately affect the lower respiratory tract and cause a deep chest cough. Infection is most often accompanied by severe intoxication, which is manifested by headache, aching throughout the body, and severe weakness. The temperature can reach pyretic (39-41˚C) and hyperpyretic (over 41˚C).

● Respiratory syncytial virus infection. It often affects the trachea and bronchi, in a quarter of the patients it leads to pneumonia. Symptoms are similar to the flu, with the difference that intoxication is less pronounced, signs of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract come to the fore – a deep cough with pain behind the sternum.

● Parainfluenza. The virus infects the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx. The infection is accompanied by a runny nose, bouts of painful coughing, hoarseness, and sometimes a short-term loss of voice.

● Adenovirus infection. Runs with severe runny nose, sneezing, conjunctivitis. The eyes turn red, watery, there is pain and burning in the area of ​​​​the eyeballs and eyelids. Unlike other acute respiratory viral infections, adenovirus infection is often infected in spring and summer.

Other causes of fever:

● any infectious disease of a viral, bacterial, parasitic nature;

● non-infectious inflammations: acute pancreatitis, aspiration pneumonitis;

● allergic and autoimmune diseases: reaction to vaccination, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus;

● diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands;

● oncological diseases: malignant tumors of internal organs, leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis;

● neurological pathologies: traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage;

● thermal (solar) stroke;

● psychogenic: prolonged emotional stress, neuroses, hysteria.

When temperature rise is dangerous

Fever poses a threat to health with a strong rise in temperature, when the thermometer shows 40˚C or more. This condition leads to dehydration, disruption of vital organs, and significantly increases the risk of thrombosis.

For healthy adults, an increase in temperature during SARS by 3˚C from the norm (36.6˚C) is not dangerous. However, for some people, even a febrile temperature can be harmful. At risk:

● Elderly people. After 65 years, it is more difficult for the body to adapt to an increase in temperature due to the age-related decrease in the ability to thermoregulate, the acquisition of chronic diseases.

● People with chronic diseases of internal organs: kidneys, cardiovascular, nervous system. Fever increases the load on these organs and can lead to an exacerbation of the disease.

What to do when the temperature is high

⁷

Fever helps to defeat the infection faster. With ARVI without fever, the infection takes longer, is accompanied by a pronounced deterioration in well-being, and is more often complicated. Therefore, it is worth suffering malaise for 2-3 days and not bringing down the temperature, provided that the body temperature does not exceed 38.5˚C. To make it easier to transfer the condition, avoid any physical activity, drink plenty of fluids, do not wrap yourself in blankets and excessively warm clothes that impair heat transfer.

But there are times when it is better to bring down the temperature:

● The thermometer reads over 39˚C.

● The rise in temperature is accompanied by a strong deterioration in the condition: loss of strength, poor sleep, nausea, vomiting.

● The patient is at risk.

Fever above 40˚C in adults requires emergency medical attention.

Non-drug methods. Wiping with a damp cloth or a weak vinegar solution will help to reduce the temperature. It is recommended to drink more warm drinks, such as tea with raspberry jam. Raspberries contain natural salicylates – substances that reduce fever. Drink should be moderately warm. Excessively hot or cold drinks and foods should be avoided.

Antipyretics. If non-drug treatments do not help, take an antipyretic medication. The safest drugs are paracetamol-based, which can be taken even by small children and pregnant women. Paracetamol is included in most combined anti-cold complexes, which additionally relieve nasal congestion and symptoms of intoxication in acute respiratory viral infections.

Antivirals. Lowering the temperature is not an end in itself in the treatment of SARS. Antiviral therapy should fight the causative agent of the infection. To do this, develop specific antiviral drugs that prevent the reproduction of the virus and infection of healthy cells. In the treatment of colds and flu, enisamium iodide has proven itself well. Its use reduces the acute clinical manifestations of viral intoxication. ⁸

Enisamia iodide at a dosage of 500 mg is part of the drug Nobasit ^® Forte ⁸ . Nobasit ^® Forte begins to act within 2 hours after taking the tablet ^8. In addition to the direct antiviral effect, enisamia iodide has a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity ^{9, 10} . The combined action leads to a 3-fold decrease in the severity of fever and other symptoms of intoxication (headache and muscle pain), starting from the second day of treatment ¹¹ . Also Nobasit ^® Forte helps to reduce the duration of the disease. ⁸

Briefly about the main

● Elevated is defined as a temperature above 37˚C measured in the armpit. If it is caused by an infection, this temperature is called a fever.

● The most common cause of fever in adults is SARS. Other causes – infections, non-infectious inflammation, heat stroke, stress, malignant tumors – are much less common.

● Fever brings recovery closer, but often it greatly affects well-being: it is accompanied by weakness, headache, body aches. In the elderly and people with common chronic diseases, fever often causes dangerous complications.

● Cool down in healthy adults should be above 38.5˚C and in at-risk people above 38˚C. If the temperature rises above 40˚C, it is worth calling an ambulance.

● First, try to bring down the temperature with home remedies – cool body wraps, tea with raspberry jam. If that doesn’t help, take an antipyretic medicine.

● Antipyretics will ease the fever but will not speed up recovery. To defeat the infection as soon as possible, take antiviral drugs, for example, Nobasit ^®
Forte.

¹ Tatochenko V.K., Uchaikin V.F. Fever // Pediatric pharmacology – 2006 – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lihoradka

² Fugol D.S. An increase in body temperature in children and approaches to its correction // BC – No. 24, 2013 – https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20603056

³ Vasilenko V.V. Measurement of body temperature // RMJ. – No. 29, 2008, S. 1948. https://www.rmj.ru/articles/istoriya_meditsiny/Izmerenie_temperatury_tela/

⁴ Dvovetsky L.I. Fever: to treat or not to treat // BC – No. 14, 2003 – https://www.rmj.ru/articles/obshchie-stati/Lihoradka_lechity_ili_ne_lechity/

⁵ Cheshik S.G., Vartanyan R.V. Respiratory syncytial viral infection: clinic, diagnosis, treatment // Children’s infections – No. 1, 2004 – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/respiratorno-sintsitialnaya-virusnaya-infektsiya-klinika-diagnosti…

⁶ Kalyuzhnaya L.I., Zemlyanoy D.A. Heat transfer disorders and fever // Pediatrician – T.6, No. 1, 2015 – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/narusheniya-teploobmena-i-lihoradka

⁷ Didkovsky N.A., Tanasova A.N. Fever. breast cancer. 2003; 4:189.

⁸ Instructions for medical use of Nobasit® Forte LP-006416.

⁹ Zyryanov S.K., Butranova O.I., Gaidai D.S., Kryshen K.L., Pharmacotherapy of acute respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses // Therapeutic archive – 2021, (1): p. 17-27.

¹⁰ Kareva E.N., Fedotcheva T.A., Semeikin A.V., Kochina N.A., Krasnoshchok E.V., Shimanovsky N.L. Enisamia iodide – influence on the key components of the inflammatory process in acute respiratory viral infections // Therapeutic archive – 2022; 94 (11): pp. 1233 – 1238

¹¹ Lioznov D.A., Karnaukhova E.Yu., Zubkova T.G., Shakhlanskaya E.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ARVI treatment regimen, including etiotropic (enisamia iodide) and symptomatic therapy // Therapeutic archive No. 3 – 2020 G.

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High temperature

High temperature (fever, hyperthermia) is a normal and healthy reaction of the body to an infection – bacterial or viral. Actually, fever is a symptom of a disease, not a disease. An increase in body temperature helps kill the virus or bacteria causing the infection.

High body temperature is considered if it is 38°C or higher. An area of ​​the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature. If body temperature rises above or falls below 37°C, the hypothalamus begins to regulate temperature.

The degree of fever may not indicate how serious the condition is. With a minor illness, such as a cold, a fever may rise, and with a very serious infection, there may be little or no temperature at all. Along with fever, other symptoms are also important.

High temperature symptoms

Light (subfebrile) temperature 37.1-37.9

At a light temperature, a blush appears, fatigue is felt, the body is warm to the touch. There may be a headache. Typically, a person with a mild fever can perform normal daily activities.

Moderate (febrile) temperature (38° to 38.9°C)

High (pyretic) temperature (39° to 41°C)

At moderate and high temperatures, the heat of the skin is felt to the touch, chills or trembling appear. Because of the feeling of weakness, I want to lie down.

Excessive (hyperpyretic) temperature (41°C or higher)

With excessive temperature, severe weakness is felt, it is difficult for a person to move, appetite disappears. Quite quickly, especially in children, dangerous signs of dehydration appear: rare urge to urinate, pale skin, dry lips, etc.

Causes

Common conditions that can cause a high body temperature include:

• acute respiratory infections,
• influenza and influenza-like conditions,
• gastroenteritis,
• ENT infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis, etc.),
• kidney or urinary tract infections,
• infectious childhood diseases such as chicken pox, scarlet fever, rubella (rubella), whooping cough and rheumatic fever,
• heatstroke,
• Teething in infants can cause mild low-grade fever, etc.

After vaccination, the temperature may also rise slightly – this is considered a variant of the norm.

Fever diagnostics

Despite the fact that the temperature is easy to measure with a thermometer, the cause of its rise can only be determined after clarifying all the symptoms and previous conditions.

Treatment of fever

Elevated body temperature is part of the immune system’s response to bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Helps the body fight infection. However, very high temperatures can sometimes lead to complications.

The most common treatments for fever include over-the-counter over-the-counter medications. Children and teenagers should not take aspirin because it has been linked to a condition called Reye’s syndrome.

To reduce elevated body temperature at home contribute to:

• drink plenty of water (water, compotes, juices, rehydrating drinks, etc.),
• bed rest,
• keeping the room cool,
• lightweight clothing that does not warm the body.

Treatment of fever in a child

Usually, parents care for their child at home, and pediatricians recommend starting measures to lower the temperature if it has risen to 38. 5 ° C. It is safe to alternate between ibuprofen and paracetamol at the age-appropriate dose. In addition to taking children’s pharmaceutical antipyretics in a dosage appropriate for the age and weight of the child, you should:

• undress the child to the linen,
• do not wrap, do not cover with a warm blanket;
• give the child plenty of fluids;
• regularly check the child’s condition at night;
• offer the child light food.

Do not wipe or splash the child with cold water.

Call your pediatrician immediately if your child:

• is less than 3 months old and has a temperature of 38°C,
• age 3 to 6 months and temperature 39°C or more,
• if, in addition to high fever, there are other signs of illness, such as rash, etc.,
• high fever persists for more than 5 days,
• high temperature in a child is not reduced by paracetamol or ibuprofen,
• showed signs of dehydration – infrequent urination, sunken eyes and no tears if the child cries.