What is a hematocrit test. How is it performed. What does it measure. When should you get this test. How to interpret the results. What are the normal ranges for hematocrit. How does hematocrit relate to overall health.

What Is a Hematocrit Test and Why Is It Important?

A hematocrit (HCT) test is a crucial diagnostic tool that measures the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood. This simple yet informative test provides valuable insights into your overall health and can help identify various blood-related conditions.

The importance of the hematocrit test lies in its ability to:

• Assess your blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity
• Screen for anemia and other blood disorders
• Monitor chronic health conditions
• Evaluate the effectiveness of certain medical treatments

Understanding your hematocrit levels can be instrumental in maintaining good health and addressing potential issues before they become more serious.

The Science Behind Hematocrit: Blood Composition Explained

To truly grasp the significance of a hematocrit test, it’s essential to understand the composition of blood. Blood consists of several components:

• Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes)
• White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes)
• Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Plasma (the liquid portion of blood)

The hematocrit specifically measures the proportion of RBCs in the blood, expressed as a percentage. For example, if your hematocrit is 45%, it means that 45% of your blood volume is composed of red blood cells.

Why are red blood cells so important? RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide. This allows them to transport oxygen from your lungs to your body’s tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. A proper balance of RBCs is crucial for maintaining optimal tissue oxygenation and overall health.

When Should You Get a Hematocrit Test?

Hematocrit tests are often part of routine health check-ups, but there are specific situations where your healthcare provider might recommend this test:

1. During annual physical examinations
2. If you’re experiencing symptoms of anemia or other blood disorders
3. To monitor chronic health conditions affecting blood production
4. Before and after certain medical treatments or surgeries
5. To evaluate the effectiveness of blood-related therapies

Are you experiencing any of these symptoms? They might indicate the need for a hematocrit test:

• Persistent fatigue or weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Pale skin
• Irregular heartbeats
• Cold hands and feet

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider. They can determine whether a hematocrit test is necessary and interpret the results in the context of your overall health.

The Hematocrit Test Procedure: What to Expect

Understanding the hematocrit test procedure can help alleviate any anxiety you might have about the process. Here’s what you can expect:

1. A healthcare professional will clean the area where the blood will be drawn, usually the inside of your elbow or the back of your hand.
2. They will tie an elastic band around your upper arm to make your veins more visible and easier to access.
3. Using a sterile needle, they will draw a small amount of blood into a vial.
4. The elastic band will be removed, and a small bandage will be applied to the puncture site.
5. The blood sample will be sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Is the hematocrit test painful? While you may feel a slight pinch when the needle is inserted, the procedure is generally quick and causes minimal discomfort. Some people might experience slight bruising or soreness at the puncture site, but this typically resolves within a day or two.

Preparing for Your Hematocrit Test

In most cases, no special preparation is required for a hematocrit test. However, your healthcare provider might give you specific instructions based on your individual health situation. It’s always best to ask if there’s anything you should do (or avoid) before the test.

Interpreting Hematocrit Test Results: What Do the Numbers Mean?

After your hematocrit test, you’ll receive a report with your results. But what do these numbers actually mean? Let’s break it down:

Normal Hematocrit Ranges

Normal hematocrit levels can vary slightly depending on factors like age, sex, and the specific laboratory conducting the test. However, general ranges are:

• Adult men: 38.3% to 48.6%
• Adult women: 35.5% to 44.9%
• Children: Values vary with age, typically ranging from 32% to 44%

What does it mean if your hematocrit is outside these ranges? A higher-than-normal hematocrit (erythrocytosis) might indicate:

• Dehydration
• Lung disease
• Heart disease
• Polycythemia vera (a blood disorder)

Conversely, a lower-than-normal hematocrit (anemia) could suggest:

• Iron deficiency
• Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
• Chronic diseases affecting blood production
• Blood loss
• Certain types of cancer

It’s important to remember that hematocrit results should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional in the context of your overall health and other test results.

Beyond Hematocrit: Other Blood Tests You Should Know About

While the hematocrit test provides valuable information, it’s often part of a broader panel of blood tests. Understanding these related tests can give you a more comprehensive picture of your blood health:

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A CBC is a group of tests that evaluates the three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It includes:

• Red Blood Cell (RBC) count
• White Blood Cell (WBC) count
• Platelet count
• Hemoglobin level
• Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Hemoglobin Test

This test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Low hemoglobin levels often correlate with low hematocrit and can indicate anemia.

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

RDW measures the variation in size of your red blood cells. An increased RDW can be an early indicator of certain types of anemia or other blood disorders.

How do these tests complement the hematocrit test? Together, they provide a more complete picture of your blood health, helping your healthcare provider make more accurate diagnoses and treatment plans.

Lifestyle Factors That Affect Your Hematocrit Levels

Your hematocrit levels aren’t just influenced by medical conditions. Various lifestyle factors can also impact your results:

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folate is crucial for maintaining healthy hematocrit levels. Foods that can positively impact your hematocrit include:

• Lean meats and poultry
• Fish
• Leafy green vegetables
• Beans and lentils
• Fortified cereals

Hydration

Dehydration can temporarily increase your hematocrit levels by reducing plasma volume. Staying well-hydrated is important for accurate test results and overall health.

Exercise

Regular physical activity, especially endurance training, can increase your hematocrit levels over time. This is because exercise stimulates the production of red blood cells to meet the increased oxygen demand of your muscles.

Altitude

Living at high altitudes can lead to increased hematocrit levels. The lower oxygen levels at high altitudes stimulate your body to produce more red blood cells to compensate.

How can you optimize your hematocrit levels through lifestyle changes? Focus on maintaining a balanced diet, staying hydrated, engaging in regular physical activity, and being aware of how your environment might affect your blood composition.

Hematocrit and Specific Health Conditions: What You Need to Know

Hematocrit levels can be indicative of various health conditions. Understanding these relationships can help you better manage your health:

Anemia

Low hematocrit levels are often associated with anemia, a condition where you don’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. There are several types of anemia, including:

• Iron-deficiency anemia
• Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
• Aplastic anemia
• Hemolytic anemia

Polycythemia

High hematocrit levels can indicate polycythemia, a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells. This can be primary (due to a bone marrow disorder) or secondary (due to other health conditions or environmental factors).

Chronic Kidney Disease

The kidneys play a crucial role in producing erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Chronic kidney disease can lead to decreased erythropoietin production and, consequently, lower hematocrit levels.

Heart Disease

Both high and low hematocrit levels can be associated with heart disease. High levels can increase blood viscosity and the risk of clots, while low levels can lead to inadequate oxygen supply to the heart.

How does understanding these relationships help in managing your health? By recognizing the connection between hematocrit levels and various health conditions, you can work with your healthcare provider to develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

The Future of Hematocrit Testing: Advances in Technology and Research

As medical technology continues to advance, so does our ability to perform and interpret hematocrit tests. Here are some exciting developments in the field:

Point-of-Care Testing

Portable devices that can perform quick hematocrit tests are becoming more common. These allow for rapid results in various settings, from emergency rooms to remote clinics.

Non-Invasive Testing Methods

Researchers are exploring non-invasive methods to measure hematocrit levels, such as optical sensors that can analyze blood composition through the skin.

AI and Machine Learning

Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are being developed to analyze hematocrit results alongside other health data, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans.

Genetic Research

Ongoing genetic studies are uncovering more about how our genes influence hematocrit levels and related blood disorders. This could lead to more targeted therapies in the future.

What do these advancements mean for you? They promise more accessible, accurate, and personalized hematocrit testing, potentially leading to earlier detection of blood disorders and more effective treatments.

In conclusion, the hematocrit test is a valuable tool in assessing your blood health and overall well-being. By understanding what this test measures, how it’s performed, and what the results mean, you can take a more active role in managing your health. Remember, while hematocrit levels provide important information, they should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional in the context of your overall health picture. Regular check-ups and open communication with your healthcare provider are key to maintaining optimal health and catching any potential issues early.

Hematrocit Blood Test – Testing.com

Test Quick Guide

Blood is made up of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets which are suspended in a liquid called plasma. A hematocrit (HCT) lab test determines the percentage of the blood that is composed of RBC.

An HCT test helps your medical provider screen for, diagnose, and monitor conditions that affect your blood or bone marrow. A measurement of HCT is routinely included in a complete blood count (CBC) but may also be ordered on its own if your provider suspects a condition affecting your RBC.

About the Test

Purpose of the test

The purpose of an HCT test is to evaluate the percentage of blood that is made up of RBC. This measurement indicates the viscosity, or thickness, of the blood and depends on the size and number of RBCs in a blood sample. HCT is most often evaluated as part of a CBC, which also includes measurements of RBC, WBC, platelets, and hemoglobin.

Often ordered during a routine medical check-up, a CBC is a common lab test. A CBC that includes HCT may also be ordered to evaluate the cause of certain symptoms, monitor patients receiving medical treatments, and track those with chronic health issues that affect the blood.

What does the test measure?

HCT measures the proportion of the blood that is composed of RBC and is expressed as a percentage.

RBCs are critical for the distribution of oxygen to the body’s cells. Once oxygen is used by cells to produce energy, RBCs transport the waste product, carbon dioxide, from the cells back to the lungs.

HCT levels can be affected by an increase or decrease in the number of RBCs and by changes in other components of the blood. Because HCT measures the percentage of RBC in the blood, relative increases or decreases in other blood components, like plasma or WBC, can lead to abnormal HCT results even if the RBC count is normal.

When should I get this test?

Your provider may test HCT as part of a CBC or if you are experiencing symptoms of an RBC disorder such as anemia. Indications for testing HCT include:

• Fatigue
• Moodiness
• Headaches
• Brain fog or difficulty concentrating
• Heavy menstrual flow
• Poor nutrition
• Blood in your stools or vomit
• Cancer and cancer treatment
• Excessive diarrhea or vomit
• Leukemia or other conditions associated with bone marrow
• Chronic health conditions, including kidney diseases

Finding an HCT Test

How can I get an HCT test?

An HCT test requires a sample of blood and is typically ordered by a doctor. A blood draw, also called venipuncture, is conducted by a health provider or a laboratory technician in a medical setting.

Can I take the test at home?

HCT testing is not usually performed at home. Conducting this test requires specialized tools and trained laboratory personnel.

How much does the test cost?

The cost of an HCT test depends on several factors, including other tests performed at the same time and whether or not you have health insurance or are paying out-of-pocket. The cost of HCT testing is often covered by insurance due to the routine nature of the test.

Refer to your health care provider, medical facility, or insurance company for specific details on costs, copays, and deductibles.

Taking an HCT Test

A blood sample is needed for HCT testing. To collect a blood sample, a needle is inserted into your arm and a vial, also known as a vacutainer, is placed on the provider’s end of the needle. The vial is then filled with blood that is used to test your hematocrit.

Before the test

There is no special preparation needed prior to an HCT test, unless specified by your provider.

During the test

Blood draws are a common medical procedure. Usually, blood is drawn from either the top of the hand or the vein on the inside of the elbow. To conduct a blood draw:

1. An antiseptic wipe is used to cleanse the area prior to the blood draw.
2. A band is placed around your arm to increase pressure in your vein, making your vein more visible and easier to access.
3. A needle is placed in your vein and a test tube is attached to the needle and filled with blood.
4. If you are getting other blood tests in addition to an HCT test you may have more than one vial of blood drawn.

After the test

Once the blood is drawn, the nurse or phlebotomist may ask you to hold pressure on the site of the venipuncture with a cotton swab for a few minutes. They may place a bandage on the cotton swab to maintain pressure.

After any blood draw, you will want to watch out for temporary side effects such as dizziness or lightheadedness. Your provider may want you to stay seated for a few minutes until they can determine that you are safe to get up and walk or drive.

Other than possible lightheadedness and bruising at the site where blood was drawn, there are few potential side effects from a blood draw.

HCT Test Results

Receiving test results

After the test is complete, results will be sent to your doctor for interpretation. HCT test results are most often part of the results of a CBC, which may be available to your doctor within a few minutes or up to several days.

Interpreting test results

HCT test results depend on several factors, including age and sex. The cutoff values for a normal test result, called its reference range, may also vary depending on the laboratory or methods used to conduct the test. Because of the many factors that affect HCT, it’s important to talk to a doctor for support in understanding your test result.

The reference ranges listed below describe common reference ranges for hematocrit:

Hematocrit Reference Ranges for Adults

An abnormal HCT level can indicate that your blood is either too thin or too thick compared to an average person of a similar population.

An abnormally low level of HCT indicates that your cells may not be getting enough oxygen, a condition known as anemia. Abnormally low HCT may be related to a variety of causes, including:

• Loss of blood
• Poor nutrition with low intake of iron, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 or folate
• Bone marrow disorders or cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or other cancers that spread to the marrow
• Destruction of RBCs
• Excessive water in the body

High HCT levels indicate conditions where there is either an overproduction of RBC or an abnormally high concentration of RBCs in your body. Some examples of causes of a high HCT include:

• Dehydration
• Lung disease
• Congenital heart disease
• Heart failure
• Certain types of kidney tumors
• Smoking
• Living at high altitudes
• Secondary polycythemia, a rare group of blood disorders caused by heritable changes to genes involved in the production of RBCs causing the body to produce too many RBCs
• Polycythemia vera, a rare blood disease in which the body produces too many RBCs

Although the results are accurate, laboratory parameters and provider reference ranges as well as personal variables may be subject to differences.

Abnormal HCT test results may or may not require additional follow-up testing. HCT is often evaluated alongside other components of a CBC to look for signs of disease or monitor health conditions.

For example, a doctor may order additional testing if you have low HCT to evaluate the cause of anemia. Testing for anemia may include a reticulocyte count, a renal panel, a liver panel, hemolysis testing, or a blood smear.

Follow-up testing is based on your symptoms, medical history, and the results of other tests. For questions about follow-up testing, speak with your doctor.

Talking with your doctor can help you understand your HCT result and any next steps. You may wish to ask the following questions:

• What does my result mean for my health?
• Is there anything I can do to change my HCT levels?
• Is there any further testing that needs to be done based on my HCT levels?

Resources

• CBC Blood Test (Complete Blood Count)
  Learn More
• Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Test
  Learn More
• Hemoglobin Blood Test
  Learn More
• White Blood Cell Count (WBC Blood Test)
  Learn More
• Platelet Count (PLT) Blood Test
  Learn More
• Blood Smear
  Learn More
• Iron Test
  Learn More
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: Anemia
  Learn More
• National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: Thalassemias
  Learn More

Sources

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What It Means to Get High or Low Results > Personalabs

The hematocrit or HCT blood test measures the proportion of red blood cells to white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. 

High HCT blood test values (usually over 44% to 50%) indicate dehydration and conditions that cause RBC overproduction. Alternatively, extremely low hematocrit results may indicate anemia or other blood disorders that affect RBC formation (erythropoiesis) or destruction (hemolysis). 

Know more about the concerning levels of HCT and what the test results tell you when you read on.

Pro Tip: Hematocrit and other parts of the complete blood count (CBC) reveal essential information about your health. If you wish to learn more about what your blood test means, book a virtual consultation to speak to a healthcare provider. 

High HCT Meaning 

If your HCT blood test result shows high hematocrit, over 50% for men and 44% for women, it suggests that you have more red blood cells or erythrocytes due to an underlying health condition. It could also indicate that blood plasma is in critically low volume. 

Symptoms of high hematocrit include:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness 
• Headaches
• Vision problems
• Skin blushing or flushing

Causes of High HCT

Dehydration

If you have high HCT, you are likely to be dehydrated. In this case, you may not necessarily be producing too many RBCs. Instead, your blood has a low volume of plasma which stems from a lack of proper hydration. 

Lung Disease

Conditions affecting lung function, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can affect the organ’s ability to obtain oxygen. To compensate for the oxygen shortage, your body will produce more RBCs. If you have symptoms of pulmonary disorders, your doctor may order additional laboratory tests, including lung function blood tests. 

Heart Disease

People with heart disease are prone to high hematocrit and hemoglobin. As the heart cannot function fully to facilitate blood circulation, your body will counteract the said loss with increased erythrocyte production. Thus, an HCT blood test also provides additional information about your risk for cardiovascular diseases, making it a key part of heart health blood tests. 

Cancer

The primary cancer type that drives your bone marrow to produce excessive red blood cells is called polycythemia vera. Although extremely rare, this blood cancer slows down blood circulation, and leads to an enlarged spleen, increased blood clotting, and other life-threatening blood-related complications. Naturally, it also elevates your normal hematocrit levels. 

On the other hand, kidney cancer also influences erythrocyte production since it releases the protein (erythropoietin) that prompts the process. This can be further confirmed by additional tests, such as a red blood cell count, biopsy, MRI, etc. 

Did You Know? Several cancers can be detected by biomarkers screened through a blood test. In some cases, these cancers are first spotted through routine exams. Learn more about the types of cancer diagnosed through blood testing. 

Treatment for Elevated HCT

Lowering your high HCT will depend on its cause. For example, if it’s due to dehydration, your healthcare provider may recommend rehydration therapy. If your test result goes extremely above the normal range for HCT, your doctor may push for phlebotomy, wherein blood is extracted to reduce red blood cell count. 

Low HCT Meaning 

To get an HCT below the normal hematocrit range (less than 41% for men and 36% for women) indicates low red blood production or a high rate of destruction, potentially due to an underlying illness. 

The most common cause of low hematocrit is anemia, characterized by a reduced number of healthy red blood cells. You may spot anemia through the following symptoms:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness 
• Chest pain
• Headaches 
• Pale complexion
• Trouble breathing
• Cold hands and feet
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) 

Causes of Low HCT

Anemias 

As mentioned above, low HCT typically signals anemia, which can be due to a lack of nutrients, such as that in iron-deficiency anemia, or genetic factors like what’s causing sickle cell anemia and aplastic anemia. Additional blood tests are needed to verify the condition, including the anemia profile blood test. 

Blood Loss

Women who experience excessive menstrual bleeding are likely to have low HCT. In the same way, those who suffer from bacterial ulcers caused by H. pylori and other similar disorders leading to internal bleeding can also expect decreased HCT in their blood test. 

Did You Know? It’s possible to experience blood loss without seeing blood in your stool, as the naked eye does not easily detect it. Get the fecal occult blood test to determine if you have chronic digestive bleeding.

Thalassemia 

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder wherein your body fails to produce enough hemoglobin, a crucial protein in the red blood cell. As a result, RBCs are low, indicated by low HCT and erythrocyte count.  

Kidney Problems

Your kidneys don’t just filter wastes from the blood. They also produce the protein erythropoietin, which signals the production of RBCs. Hence, disorders like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other significant kidney problems lead to low secretion of erythropoietin, resulting in inadequate RBCs. 

Inflammatory Diseases

Conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by increased inflammatory activities, negatively influence RBC formation and maturation. Similarly, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may also promote anemia leading to low HCT as it affects the absorption of iron, copper, vitamin B12, and other fundamental nutrients for erythropoiesis.  

Cancers

Leukemia and lymphoma are two types of cancers that directly impact bone marrow function. Hence, with these underlying conditions, you may likely get low HCT in your blood test and undergo further testing. 

Treatment for Low HCT

If low HCT is due to iron-deficiency anemia, your doctor may recommend supplements and certain lifestyle adjustments. Learn more about iron deficiency anemia and its physical impact, especially among women.  

On the other hand, if the condition is linked to more complex disorders like cancer, blood disease, CKD, etc., your healthcare provider will need more information to form an accurate diagnosis, entailing other types of assessment. Only then will your doctor prescribe a treatment that covers the process in which HCT is brought to its normal range.

How Is Hematocrit Measured?

Calculating hematocrit involves measuring the ratio of red blood cells through a reading device. When using a capillary tube, the length of the RBC packed length volume is compared to the total length of the blood sample. 

It is imperative to have the analysis within 10 minutes of the sample collection, as the erythrocyte layers can mix with the other blood components and platelets begin to clot. 

How and When Is It Done?

Your doctor will likely order an HCT blood test if you exhibit symptoms of anemia, blood loss, dehydration, and other blood disorders. As part of the CBC test, it also provides critical information on other disorders, such as cancer, lung disease, kidney disease, liver problems, and cardiovascular diseases.  

Unlike the other tests involved in CBC, wherein the blood samples can be collected through finger pricking, an HCT blood test will require a venous blood sample. This is drawn from the veins at the back of your elbow and should only be performed by a licensed phlebotomist. HCT measurement needs more volume of blood for accurate processing and analysis. 

Additionally, an HCT blood test alone does not require fasting or other special preparations prior to blood collection. But if it is part of a more extensive test or if you’re taking another test simultaneously, you may have to abstain from consuming food, drinks, and certain medications. 

Pro Tip: Venipuncture, the process of inserting a syringe needle into your vein for blood collection, can be a little discomforting. If you are anxious about your lab test appointment, read our tips on how to calm yourself when getting blood drawn. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What level of HCT is concerning?

The normal hematocrit range for men is 41% to 50%, while women should have 36% to 44%. HCT test values that go above or below these ranges signal problems in the blood ranging from anemia to blood loss for low HCT percentage and dehydration to blood cancer for high lab values. Either way, see your doctor for a proper diagnosis and additional lab tests. 

Can high HCT cause fatigue?

Feeling exhausted all the time is part of the symptoms of high HCT. The increased volume of RBCs causes the blood to be thicker and move slower, affecting the rate of oxygen distribution to cells. As a result, your brain receives less oxygen, making you tired and sleepy. 

Does low HCT mean dehydration?

It’s the other way around. Low HCT suggests conditions like anemia and other blood disorders, but it’s high HCT that indicates dehydration. The lack of sufficient fluid in your body results in blood plasma having less volume, which increases the percentage of RBC. 

Did You Know? Aside from an HCT blood test, other ways to detect dehydration include a urinalysis and the electrolyte blood test panel. Treatment for severe dehydration includes administering IV fluids and oral rehydration solution (ORS). 

The Bottom Line 

An HCT blood test helps detect various health conditions, especially blood disorders. However, without fully understanding what your test results mean may lead to misconceptions about the severity of the abnormality. In addition, it’s important to understand that a hematocrit blood test alone will not suffice as far as diagnosis goes. It’s always the best course of action to speak to your doctor whether by setting up an appointment, either for a physical or virtual consultation.

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    • Water quality test
    • Soil test
  • Diagnosis of liver pathology without biopsy: FibroMax, FibroTest, SteatoScreen
    • Calculated tests based on SteatoScreen results without blood sampling

    900 13

    • Dysbiotic conditions of the intestine and urogenital tract
      • General assessment of the natural microflora of the body
      • Study of the microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract
      • Femoflor: profiles of studies of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract in women
      • Specific assessment of the natural microflora of the body
    • Test results form in English
  • • Blood
    • Urine 900 04
    • Cal
    • Spermogram
    • Gastropanel
  • • Endoscopy
    • Functional diagnostics
    • ultrasound
  • • Examinations we do not do
    • New tests
    • Getting results
    • Additional research orders
    • Medical consultant service
    • Professional position
      • Venous blood for analysis
      • Tumor markers. View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.
      • Testosterone: diagnostic threshold, method-dependent reference values ​​
      • Laboratory assessment of lipid parameters in INVITRO
      • Lipid profile: fasting or not fasting

  The cost of analyzes is indicated without taking biomaterial

  Description

  Method of determination
  Phagocytic activity – assessment of phagocytosis of bacteria with a fluorescent label. Immunoglobulins A, M, G – immunoturbidimetry.

  Test material
  Whole blood with EDTA, whole blood with heparin, blood serum

  Evaluation of the state of various parts of the immune system used in the diagnosis of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune, lymphoproliferative, infectious, hematological diseases.

  The profile includes the following indicators:

  • Concentration CEC
  • Pathogenicity CEC
  • Act. neutrophil phagocytosis
  • Phagocyte. the number of neutrophils.
  • NBT spontaneous, activity (neutral)
  • HCT induced, activity (neutral)
  • HCT Stimulation Index (neutral)
  • Act. phagocytosis of monocytes
  • Phagocyte. number of monocytes
  • NST spontaneous, activity (mon.)
  • HCT induced, activity (mon.)
  • NST test stimulation index (mon.)
  • Leukocytes
  • Neutrophils (total number)
  • Lymphocytes, %
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes, %
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgG

  The main subpopulations of lymphocytes:

  T-lymphocytes are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus (hence their name). They control the work of B-lymphocytes responsible for the formation of antibodies, i.e. for the humoral immune response. T-helpers, Th (from English to help – to help) – a type of T-lymphocytes, carry structures on their surface that facilitate the recognition of antigens presented by auxiliary cells, participate in the regulation of the immune response, producing various cytokines. Cytotoxic T cells – recognize antigen fragments on the surface of target cells, orient their granules towards the target and release their contents in the area of ​​contact with it. At the same time, some cytokines are a signal of death (by the type of apoptosis) for target cells.

  B-lymphocytes (from the Latin “bursa” – a bag named after the bag of Fabricius, in which these lymphocytes mature in birds) develop in the lymph nodes and other peripheral organs of the lymphoid system. On the surface, these cells carry immunoglobulins that function as antigen receptors. In response to interaction with the antigen, B-lymphocytes respond by dividing and differentiating into plasma cells that produce antibodies, through which humoral immunity is provided.

  NK cells (natural killer cells) or natural killer cells with natural, non-immune cytotoxic activity against neoplastically altered target cells, which are neither mature T- or B-lymphocytes, nor monocytes. T-NK cells (NKTs) are cells with natural non-immune killer activity that have the characteristics of T-lymphocytes.

  Activated lymphocytes.

  HLA-DR is one of the MHC class II (major histocompatibility complex) antigens involved in the presentation of potentially foreign antigens, which is necessary for the formation of an adequate immune response. In immunophenotyping, it can be used as a marker of activated cells. CD3+HLA-DR+ cells are mature activated human T-lymphocytes. CD3-HLA-DR+ – activated cells other than T-lymphocytes (B-lymphocytes and activated NK).

  The ability of lymphocytes to activate.

  The ability of lymphocytes to activate in this test is assessed by the content of lymphocytes expressing CD69 in response to incubation in the presence of PHA (plant-derived mitogen). CD69 (other names – activation inducer molecule, AIM; early activation antigen, EA-1) is an early activation marker, type I transmembrane protein. This protein is involved in the early mechanisms of activation of T cells, NK cells, B cells, monocytes and platelets.

  Phagocytic activity of leukocytes.

  Data on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes (relative content of cells that phagocytized fluorescently labeled bacteria added to the sample during incubation) allow us to evaluate the reserve capacity of these cells to absorb and digest foreign agents.

  Circulating immune complexes general (CIC)

  The simultaneous presence of high concentrations of antigens and their specific antibodies can lead to the formation of circulating immune complexes. Immune complexes can leave the bloodstream in small vessels and be deposited in tissues, for example, in the glomeruli of the kidneys, in the lungs, skin, joints, and vessel walls. CECs have the ability to bind and activate complement, which leads to tissue damage. An increase in the level of the CEC can be observed in autoimmune diseases, chronic infectious diseases, in which the constant production of an antigen by an infectious agent is combined with an immune response to it (chronic hepatitis). Clinically, this is often manifested by glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and neuropathy. Despite the direct role in the pathogenesis of some diseases, the determination of the CEC is not always informative, since the amount of immune complexes deposited in tissues is more important than the number of complexes circulating in the blood. The study of the CEC may not be sufficiently sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of diseases caused by immune complexes, and should be supplemented by the study of the effects of the CEC on organ function (for example, creatinine concentration and urinalysis), as well as the determination of C3 C4 complement components (see test No. 193), the number of which decreases due to increased consumption.

  Immunoglobulins. See information for tests Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, – Nos. 45, 46, 47.

  Immunological data are interpreted by an immunologist in combination with all clinical and anamnestic data of a particular patient. When assessing the immune status of a patient, the results of the study are evaluated in terms of the nature and stage of the pathological process, concomitant diseases, medication, etc. In this case, not only the absolute values ​​of individual indicators are important, but also their ratio and dynamics of indicators. Changes in immunological parameters can be a manifestation of the body’s normal response to the impact of physiological or pathological factors (with a different pattern of shifts at different stages of the disease), reflect excessive activation, depletion of the immune system, characterize a congenital or acquired defect in individual parts of the immune system.

  Preparation

  Strictly on an empty stomach (from 7.00 to 11.00) after an overnight fasting period of 8 to 14 hours.

  On the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude increased psycho-emotional and physical activity (sports training), alcohol intake, and smoking an hour before the study.

  Indications for use

  • Recurrent infections, infectious diseases with a chronic and protracted course.
  • Suspicion of genetically determined or acquired immunodeficiency.
  • Autoimmune diseases.
  • Allergic diseases.
  • Suspicion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • Oncological diseases.
  • Examination of recipients before and after organ transplantation.
  • Examination of patients before major surgery.
  • Complicated course of the postoperative period.
  • Control of therapy with cytostatics, immunosuppressants and immunomodulators.

  Interpretation of results

  Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.

  Immunological data are interpreted by the doctor in combination with all clinical and anamnestic data of a particular patient. When assessing the immune status of a patient, the results of the study are evaluated in terms of the nature and stage of the pathological process, concomitant diseases, medication, etc. In this case, not only the absolute values ​​of individual indicators are important, but also their ratio and dynamics of indicators.

  9062 9

  90 662

  9066 2

  906 62

  9063 0 Male and Female

  Test name	Gender	Age	Reference values ​​	Units measurements
  Ig A	Male and Female	0 days – 12 months	0.0 – 0.3	g/l
  	Male and Female	12 months – 3 years	0. 0 – 0.9
  	Male and Female	3 years – 6 years	0.3 – 1.5
  	Male and Female	6 years – 14 years	0.5 – 2.2
  	Male and Female	14 – 19 years old	0.5 – 2.9
  	Male and Female	19 years – 120 years	0.7 – 4.0
  Ig M	Male and Female 0633	0.06 – 0.21	g/l
  	Female	3 months – 12 months		0.17 – 1.50
  	Male	3 months – 12 months		0.17 – 1.43
  	Female	12 months – 12 years		0.47 – 2.40
  	Male	12 months – 12 years		0.41 – 1.83
  	Female	12 years – 120 years		0. 33 – 2.93
  	Male	12 – 120		0.22 – 2.40
  Ig G	Women 2
  	Male	0 days – 30 days	3.97 – 17.65
  	Female	30 days – 12 months	2.03 – 9.34
  	Male	30 days – 12 months	2.05 – 9.48
  	Female	12 months – 2 years	4.83 – 12.26
  	Male	12 months – 2 years	4.75 – 12.10
  	Female	2 years – 120 years	5.52 – 16.31
  	Male	2 years – 120 years	5.40 – 18.22
  Basophils	Male and Female	1 day – 120 years	0 .0 – 1.0	%
  Concentration CEC	Male and Female	0 days – 120 years	0 – 90	c.u.
  CEC pathogenicity	Male and Female	0 days – 120 years	1. 1 – 1.5 – medium, pathogenic > 1.5 – small, pathogenic	c.u.
  Eosinophils	Male and Female	1 day – 15 days	1.0 – 6.0	%
  	Male and Female	15 days – 12 months	1.0 – 5.0
  	Male and Female	12 months – 2 years 0
  	Male and Female	2 years – 5 years	1.0 – 6.0
  	Male and Female	5 years – 120 years	1.0 – 5.0
  Act. phagocytosis of monocytes	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	33 – 57	%
  Act. phagocytosis of neutrophils	Male and Female	12 months 120 years	50 – 85	%
  Phagocyte. number of monocytes	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	> 2. 3	particles/phagocytes
  Phagocyte. the number of neutrophils.	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years 99/L
  Male and Female	2 days – 5 days	1.60 – 6.0
  Male and Female	5 days – 28 days	2.80 – 9.00
  Male and Female	28 days – 6 months	4.00 – 13.50
  Male and Female	6 months – 12 months	4.00 – 10.50
  Male and Female	12 months – 2 years	3.00 – 9.50
  Male and Female	2 years – 4 years	2.00 – 8.00
  Male and Female	4 years – 6 years	1.50 – 7.00
  Male and Female	6 years – 10 years	1.50 – 6.50
  Male and Female	10 years – 21 years	1.00 – 4.80
  Female	21 – 120 years	1. 18 – 3.74
  Male	21 – 120 years old	1.32 – 3.57
  Monocytes, %	Male and Female 9063 3	1 day – 15 days	5.0 – 15.0	%
  	Male and Female	15 days – 12 months	4.0 – 10.0
  	Male and Female	12 months – 2 years	3.0 – 10.00
  	Male and Female	2 years – 5 years 99/L
  	Male and Female	2 days – 28 days	0.00 – 1.70
  Male and Female	28 days – 6 months	0.00 – 1.17
  male and female	6 months – 12 months	0.00 – 1.15
  male and female	12 months – 2 years	0.00 – 1.00
  Male and Female	2 years – 21 years	0.00 – 0.80
  Male and Female	21 – 120 years	0. 20 – 0.95
  Neutrophils (total) 90 633	Male and Female	0 days – 15 days	31 .0 – 56.0	%
  	Male and Female	15 days – 12 months	17.0 – 51.0
  	Male and Female	12 months – 2 years	29, 0 – 54.0
  	Male and Female	2 years – 5 years	33.0 – 61.0
  	Male and Female	5 years – 7 years	39.0 – 64.0
  	Male and Female	7 years – 9 years	42.0 – 66.0
  	Male and Female	9 years – 11 years	44.0 – 66.0
  	11 years old – 15 years old	46.0 – 66.0
  	Male and Female	15 years old – 120 years old 99/L
  Male and Female	12 months – 2 years	6.00 – 17.00
  Male and Female	2 years – 4 years	5. 50 – 15.50
  Male and Female	4 years – 6 years	5.00 – 14.50
  Male and Female	6 years – 10 years	4.50 – 13.50
  Male and Female	10 years – 16 years	4.50 – 13.00
  Male and Female	16 years – 120 years	4.50 – 11.0
  HCT induced, activity (neutral) 9063 2	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	70 – 95	%
  HCT induced, activity (mon.)	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	47 – 63	%
  Stimulus index . NST-test (neutral)	Male and Female	0 days – 120 years	> 4.5	c.u.
  Stim. NST-test (mon.)	Male and Female	0 days – 120 years	> 4.5	c.u.
  NST spontaneous activity (neutral)	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	0. 00 – 15.00	%
  NBT spontaneous, activity (mon. )	Male and Female	12 months – 120 years	0 – 10	%

  In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the “Level 1 Immunogram Tests” analysis in Katav-Ivanovsk and other cities of Russia, do not forget that the price of the analysis, the cost of the procedure for taking biomaterial, the methods and terms for performing studies in regional medical offices may differ.

  Evaluation of the bactericidal activity of neutrophils according to the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT-test) CMD laboratory in Moscow. Call: 8 (495) 120-13-12

  print version

  Biomaterial

  For this study, the laboratory accepts the following biomaterial:

  • Blood with heparin

  
  Restrictions in reception of a biomaterial are possible. Check the schedule of the office you need.

  Preparation for the study

  Blood sampling is carried out strictly on an empty stomach (6-8 hours after the last meal).

  Evaluation of the function of phagocytic cells is of great diagnostic value in infectious diseases. Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and immature dendritic cells are considered to be the main phagocytes of greatest importance in anti-infective immunity. There are 2 types of test: spontaneous HCT test and stimulated HCT test.

  Indications for examination:

  • Examination for infectious diseases
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy

  Reference values:

  Parameter	Men	Women	Unit rev.
  Spontaneous HBT test activity index	2-26	2-28	c. u.
  Activity index of the stimulated NBT-test	Reference values ​​are not used, the assessment is carried out by the attending physician, taking into account clinical and other laboratory data.		c.u.
  Percentage of HBT-positive leukocytes in a spontaneous test	2-18	1-19	%
  Percentage of HCT-positive leukocytes in the stimulated test	Reference values ​​are not used, the assessment is carried out by the attending physician, taking into account clinical and other laboratory data.		%

  Interpretation is carried out by a doctor, taking into account clinical manifestations and anamnesis data.

  Downgrade	Level up
  Congenital defects of the phagocytic system Chronic infections	Bacterial infections Autoimmune diseases Allergic diseases

  Please note that the interpretation of research results, diagnosis, and treatment, in accordance with Federal Law No. doctor of the relevant specialization.

  Code:

  130005

  can be taken at home

  Price:

  When ordering several services at a time, the service for collecting biomaterial is paid only once.

  620
  R.

  • + 220 rub. Drawing blood

  Deadline:

  The specified period does not include the day of taking the biomaterial.

  1-5 c.d.

  Order

  with this analysis

  Complete blood count + ESR with leukocyte formula (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes), venous blood

  • results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

  Code:

  110006

  Deadline:

  1 k.d.

  Price:
  755 rubles

  Ferritin (Ferritin)

  • results in 3-6 hours (CITO)

  Code:

  0

  Deadline:

  1 k. d.

  Price:
  760 rubles

  Study of lymphocyte subpopulations, minimal panel (subpopulations of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood)

  Code:

  130001

  Deadline:

  1-5 k.d.

  Price:
  3970 r.

  Study of subpopulations of lymphocytes, extended panel (subpopulations of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood)

  Code:

  130006

  Deadline:

  1-5 k.d.

  Price:
  7660 r.

  Study of subpopulations of lymphocytes, level 1 panel (subpopulations of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood)

  Code:

  130009

  Deadline:

  1-5 k.