Vomiting

Liquids You May Give

Older children often do well with water or clear liquids to prevent dehydration. Your child may need to drink an ORS (oral rehydration solution) like Pedialyte^®. An ORS helps replace the electrolytes and fluids that your child needs. Home remedies should not be used instead. ORS store brands are just as good as a brand name. You can buy ORS in liquid or powder form or as popsicles at most pharmacies without a prescription.

ORS should not be given as the only fluid for more than 6 hours. Do not dilute or mix an ORS with formula.

Children Younger Than 1 Year of Age:

• ORS (oral rehydration solution)
• Breast milk or formula mixed the normal way (if tolerated)
• No water except when used to make formula
• Do not give fruit juices or liquids that are high in sugar, such as Hawaiian Punch^®, Hi-C^®, Kool-Aid^®, sodas or syrups. Do not give teas or broths. These liquids do not have the right mix of electrolytes and can make your child feel worse.

Children Older Than 1 Year of Age:

Same as above and:

• water
• ice popsicles made from ORS
• milk, if tolerated
• flavored gelatin cube 

How to Give Liquids

When your child is vomiting:

• Offer clear liquids after your child has not vomited for 30 to 60 minutes. This allows the stomach to rest.
• Breastfeeding should not be stopped. Try to nurse your baby more often.
• If needed, you can stop giving formula if giving ORS. Aim to restart formula as soon as possible.
• Start slow (Picture 1). Give small sips of liquids often. This may reduce the vomiting.
  • For children under 1 year: use a spoon or syringe to give 1 to 2 teaspoons every few minutes (5 to 10 mL).
  • For older than 1 year: give ½ to 1 ounce (1 to 2 tablespoons or 15 to 30 mL) every 20 minutes for a few hours.

• As your child begins to take liquids, gradually increase the amount. If they still vomit, wait 30 to 60 minutes and start again.
• Do not force your child to drink or wake them up to drink if they are sleeping.
• Do not give any kind of milk or yogurt drinks until the vomiting has stopped for 8 hours.

Amount of Liquid to Give to Prevent Dehydration

* Minimum fluid goals per hour may increase if vomiting, diarrhea or fever are present.

Solid Foods

• When children are vomiting, they usually do not feel like eating solid food. It will not hurt them to miss a few meals as long as they are able to drink enough fluids. They can eat if they are up to it.
• After about 6 to 8 hours of giving clear liquids and your child is no longer vomiting, try to get your child to start eating some food. Starchy foods like cereals, crackers or bread are easier to digest. Avoid foods high in sugar and greasy fried foods.

Other Things to Know

Medicine: Some medicines used for vomiting in older children or adults are very dangerous for young children. WARNING: Do not give your child any medicine unless your doctor or health provider tells you it is safe for the age of your child.

Sleep: It is important that your child get plenty of rest. Sleep helps the stomach to finish digesting any food in it and may calm your child’s vomiting.

Preventing the Spread of Infection 

You can help stop the spread of viruses and protect others by:

• Washing your hands often and after touching your child, their eating utensils, or anything that might have vomit on it. Use soap and water or a hand sanitizer (Picture 2).
• Make sure your child washes their hands well after using the toilet.
• Do not share eating utensils, toys or clothing. Wash them in hot, soapy water after each use.
• Use clean wipes or washcloths for each diaper change. Put diaper in the diaper pail or trash immediately.
• Clean hard surfaces with disinfectant or an antimicrobial wipe. Let dry for 15 seconds.

When to Call the Doctor

Call your child’s doctor if you think your child is getting worse, does not get any better in 24 hours, will not breastfeed or shows these signs:

• Vomit has blood, dark brown specks that look like coffee grounds or is bright green.
• Vomiting gets more severe or happens more often.
• Your child shows signs of dehydration (Picture 3):
• No wet diaper or does not urinate (pass water) for 6 or more hours, very dark urine
• No tears when crying
• Dry or sticky mouth
• Hard or fast breathing
• Sunken-looking eyes
• Soft spot on baby’s head is flat, sunken or pulls in.
• Constant abdominal pain (bellyache)
• Hard to wake up (lethargic), acts confused or does not know what they are doing.
• Your child has a high fever. Use a digital thermometer and wash thoroughly after each use.
  • for age 3 months or younger, a rectal (in baby’s bottom) temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. 
  • for any age, a temperature over 102°F (38.9°C) that lasts more than 2 days. Take rectal, ear or axillary (armpit) temperatures in infants 4 months of age or older. When your child reaches 4 years of age, oral (mouth) temperatures are OK.

Vomiting (PDF), Spanish (PDF), Somali (PDF)

HH-I-71 5/14, Revised 2020 | Copyright 1977, Nationwide Children’s Hospital

Prevent Dehydration When Having Diarrhea or Vomiting

No one ever wants to find themselves praying to the porcelain god—especially when it involves diarrhea, vomiting or a combination of both. But, at some time or another, we will probably find ourselves in this situation—whether it’s food poisoning, the stomach bug or even morning sickness.

While vomiting (throwing up) and diarrhea are common, they can also be harmful as they can quickly lead to dehydration.

What is dehydration?

Dehydration occurs when you lose more fluid than you take in. Our bodies may be made up of two-thirds water, but a loss of just a little bit of water can have adverse effects. In fact, water plays a crucial role in normal body functions and is essential to human life.

“Unlike camels, humans can’t go very long without water,” said Daniel Bates, MD, physician lead at Banner Urgent Care. “We continually need water to support biologic functions and health—helping us eliminate toxins, digest food and maintain body temperature. It doesn’t take losing too much until you are in a place where your body will start making sacrifices to compensate.”

Signs and symptoms of dehydration

Vomiting and diarrhea are usually considered symptoms themselves, but the main result for both is dehydration. The hard part is that you may not notice the symptoms of dehydration until you’re already dehydrated, and some of the symptoms may vary by age. Catching it early is key to proper treatment and prevention of a more serious case that could be life-threatening—especially for children and older adults.

Here is what you should look for:

For all age groups

• Thirst
• Dry, sticky, tacky-like lips and mouth
• Dry mucous membranes
• Skin that isn’t as elastic or springy
• Change in circulation; pale, cold hands and feet
• Dark-colored urine

In infants and children

• No wet diapers in greater than 12 hours
• Warm or feverish
• Few or no tears when crying
• Eyes look sunken
• Sleepy or dizzy

To learn more about preventing dehydration in infants and children, check out these tips.

In adults

• Less frequent urination
• Exhaustion or dizziness

In elderly

• Sunken eyes
• Dizziness and confusion
• Low blood pressure

To learn more about preventing dehydration in vulnerable senior populations, check out these tips.

How to prevent dehydration

The best way to avoid fluid loss, no matter which end you are losing it from, is to prevent dehydration in the first place. Here are five tips to help.

1. Sip a little bit of water at a time, but often

Don’t chug a bunch of water, especially if you are throwing up, or you might just end up back in the bathroom.

“This is especially important for those who are throwing up, because you don’t want to cause a trampoline effect,” Dr. Bates said. “Drinking too much too soon can cause the stomach to stretch out and then bounce those fluids right back out.”

Instead, take small sips of water every 10 minutes. If you notice you can tolerate it, slowly increase to every few minutes. It doesn’t take a lot of volume to hydrate.

2. Make sure fluids are tepid (meaning room temperature)

Just like a cold ice cube on your skin can be a real shock, so can cold water to your stomach. Your stomach is already sensitive, so ice won’t cool that fire. Aim for room temperature fluids.

3. Try oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or coconut water

Your body uses electrolytes, like sodium, calcium and potassium, to move water through your body. In normal function, you remove them through sweat and normal bathroom habits, but when you throw up or have diarrhea, your electrolytes levels can get especially low. A couple ways to help replenish them are by drinking a special liquid called oral hydration solution (ORS) or coconut water.

ORS contains the right mix of salt, sugar and potassium and other nutrients to help replace lost body fluids. Pedialyte and DripDrop are a couple of ORS products that you can find in many grocery stores and drugstores without prescription. Some people reach for sports drinks like Gatorade, but you may want to rethink it. These drinks often have a lot of sugar in them and can make diarrhea worse.

Coconut water may not be your jam, but the water in this nut could help. “It’s the closest natural liquid in terms of matching the concentration of electrolytes that are inside our bodies,” Dr. Bates said. “Coconut water has no added sugar too, so it’s a good alternative to sports drinks.”

4. If you can hold foods down, stick to BRAT foods

If you are able to eat and hold food down or have an appetite, don’t run on out to In-N-Out. Stick to BRAT foods (Bananas, rice, applesauce and toast), as these foods are gentle on the tummy. Other bland foods include crackers and oatmeal. Avoid greasy food, caffeine, dairy and artificial sweeteners.

5. Talk to your doctor before taking over-the-counter medications

Before you reach for the Dramamine or another over-the-counter antiemetic medication, talk to your doctor first. Some medications can cause negative interactions with many different drugs or may not be appropriate for those with certain medical conditions.

When to seek help for dehydration

Most nausea, vomiting and diarrhea should resolve within 3 to 5 days, however, see a physician for any of the following symptoms:

• Signs of dehydration (see above symptoms)
• A fever (over 101°F) accompanied with nausea, diarrhea and vomiting
• Persistent diarrhea for more than 3 days
• Persistent vomiting for more than 48 hours
• Blood in your diarrhea or vomit
• Significant stomach pain that doesn’t go away
• Unable to keep any fluids down
• Confusion or decreased alertness
• Lethargic or sluggish
• No urination or wet diaper in 12 hours

Your doctor can help guide you to the best course of action based on your accompanied symptoms. To find a Banner Health specialist near you, visit bannerhealth.com or find a Banner Urgent Care near you.

However, if you’re experiencing severe dehydration, call 911 or get to your nearest emergency department. For 24/7 nurse advice and general health information, you can call the Banner Nurse Now line at 844-259-9494. You can also try the Banner Health Online Symptom Checker to learn what type of care you need.

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8 Signs That You Are Dehydrated

Dehydration can have dire consequences if left untreated that extend to unconsciousness, coma, organ failure, and even death. Dehydration is a condition where the body does not have enough water to properly function. In most cases it can be avoided by increasing water intake. However, the condition doesn’t always showcase symptoms before it hits: the first symptoms can be fatal.

Dehydration is caused primarily by sweating too much which is commonly brought on by exercising in hot weather. Other causes include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and too frequent urination. People who drink an insufficient amount of fluids can also get dehydrated. They may not drink enough because of stomach irritation from sickness, nausea, or a sore throat.

People who have a heart condition, are seeking cardiology services at a heart center, are overweight, have kidney problems, have diabetes, are under the age of two, or over the age of 50 are more prone to dehydration and should pay extra attention to water consumption.

Dehydration symptoms

1) Thirst and dry mouth

A thirsty person is a dehydrated person. Dry mouth also frequently accompanies thirst. So if you are feeling thirsty or have dry mouth take it as a sign you need to drink some water. However, you should continue to drink water even when you’re not thirsty because it’s possible to alleviate your thirst without avoiding dehydration.

2) Lightheadedness, muscle cramps, and weakness

When your body is dehydrated it compensates by constricting blood vessels and increasing the heart rate to maintain constant blood pressure. The body also redirects blood away from skin to internal organs like the brain and lungs. However, this defense will begin to fail as dehydration worsens. Symptoms like lightheadedness, muscle cramps, and general weakness are indications that the body is failing to compensate for dehydration.

3) Nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are particularly bad because they can cause the situation to get worse. A person who is experiencing nausea can have a more difficult time consuming fluids and a person who vomits will lose fluids quickly.

4) No longer sweating, producing tears, or urinating

Gauging your urine color—the lighter the more hydrated, the darker the less hydrated—is an effective way to test for dehydration. However, if your body is no longer producing urine it is a bad sign. If your body stops sweating while you’re working out or is no longer able to produce tears, it’s a sign you are dehydrated and moving towards heat exhaustion.

Moderate to severe dehydration symptoms

5) Irritability

People get cranky when they are experiencing substantial dehydration. This is a particularly important warning sign for children as they may have a more difficult time understanding when they are suffering from dehydration symptoms than adults. Children who have lost between 3 and 10 percent of their body weight in fluids will exhibit the symptoms of mild dehydration and may be fussy, irritable, and tired.

6) Rapid heartbeat and breathing

A hydrated body is able to pump blood more easily throughout the body than a dehydrated one. Your heart actually has to work harder to provide oxygen across your body when dehydrated, which means the heart is going to beat much faster than usual and your lungs are going to need to take in more oxygen.

7) Sunken eyes

The appearance of sunken eyes is a sign of substantial dehydration. For obvious reasons, this isn’t a symptom you could be experiencing that’s immediately apparent to you unless you have a mirror or someone else points it out.

8) Delirium

If a person starts exhibiting symptoms of delirium, including restlessness, incoherent thoughts, unintelligible speech, and seeing illusions, they are likely experiencing extreme dehydration. This is among the most severe symptoms that can occur before the body starts to break down and permanent damage can occur.

Preventing and treating dehydration

Water is the best thing to drink while fruits and vegetables (because of their high water concentration) are the best things to eat. The body requires between 48 and 64 fluid ounces of water every day; however, people who sweat more need to drink more water to compensate. Electrolyte-added sports drinks are helpful for people in specific situations where the temperature is very high and the exercise is notably intense. Drinks with caffeine in them, as well as fruit juices, soda, and sugary drinks should all be avoided. Caffeine is a diuretic which causes your body to expunge fluids whereas sweet drinks can be hard on your stomach when dehydrated. You can help prevent dehydration by taking breaks in exposure to high temperatures in cooler areas and wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing when outside. Also, avoid alcohol consumption.

Preventative approaches can be extremely effective. A good way to gauge how much water you need to consume when exercising is to weigh yourself before and after working out. Each pound you drop equates to a pint of water.

Alcohol Poisoning – What to do

If the person is unconscious, semi-conscious or unresponsive, check for these symptoms of alcohol or drug overdose:

• Cannot be roused and are unresponsive to your voice, shaking, or pinching their skin.
• Skin is cold, clammy, pale, bluish and/or blotchy.
• Breathing is slow – eight or fewer breaths per minute.
• Experience lapses in breathing – more than 10 seconds between breaths.
• Have seizures, convulsions or rigid spasms.
• Vomit while asleep or unconscious and do not awaken.

When in doubt, remember MUST HELP.

Courtesy of Aware, Awake, Alive

If any of these symptoms of alcohol overdose exist, call 911 for help, and stay with them while waiting for emergency personnel:

• Gently turn them onto their side and into the Bacchus Maneuver position.
• Don’t leave them alone at any time and be prepared to administer CPR.
• Remember that there is a chance that a person who has passed out may not ever regain consciousness and there is a serious risk that death could occur.

If they are conscious and responsive:

• Check often to make sure they are still conscious and responsive.
• Make certain that they stay on their side, not their back. Gently turn them onto their side and into the Bacchus Maneuver position.
• Before you touch them, tell them exactly what you are going to do. Be aware of any signs of aggression. Do not ridicule, judge, threaten or try to counsel them.
• Remain calm and be firm. Avoid communicating feelings of anxiety or anger.
• Keep them quiet and comfortable. If they are in the sun, move them to the shade. If cold, move them to a warm place and offer a blanket.
• Don’t give them food, drink or medication of any kind.
• Remember that only time will sober up a drunk person. Walking, showering or drinking coffee will not help and may actually cause harm.

What can happen if an alcohol overdose goes untreated?

• A person could choke on their vomit.
• Breathing may slow down, become irregular, and stop.
• Heart may beat irregularly and stop.

vHypothermia (low body temperature).

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can lead to seizures.
• Severe dehydration from vomiting, which can cause seizures, permanent brain damage, or death.

Seek medical help for a friend who has had too much to drink. Your friend may become angry or embarrassed if you call 911, but it’s better to have them alive and angry than dead.

The Bacchus Maneuver

If someone passes out from drinking too much, you can help by positioning them so they will not choke on their vomit. If you are worried about them, get medical attention, especially if you can’t awaken them to the point that they can talk to you.

1. Raise the arm that is closest to you above their head. Prepare to roll them towards you.

2. Gently roll them toward you, guarding their head from hitting the floor. The head should rest in front of the arm, not on it.

3. Tilt the head up to maintain airway. Tuck their nearest hand under the cheek to help maintain head tilt and raise the face off the floor.

4. Check on them often.

Helpful Links

Alcohol and Drugs

Bruce the Bat

Alcohol Overdose

Study Drugs

Programs and Classes

Individual Consultations

AlcoholEdu and SAPU

Brief Alcohol Screening Intervention for College Students (BASICS)

Center for Students in Recovery

Student Amnesty for Alcohol Emergencies

Dog Vomiting: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Callie Harris, DVM, Nestle Purina Pet Care

There are many reasons for dog vomiting including, but not limited to, dietary indiscretion, rapid food changes, infectious or metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal obstructions, toxins, stress, and chronic conditions. To determine the cause of a dog throwing up, a veterinarian needs a description, time of, and frequency of your dog vomiting.

Causes: Which frequency is your dog vomiting?

*Causes are not exhaustive

Symptoms: Dog vomiting and diarrhea

A dog vomiting occasionally may not be too concerning. Dogs vomit for many reasons as you can see from the causes listed.

If your dog vomits just one time, the best way to care for him is to keep an eye on him for any changes in behavior or if the vomiting persists.

If vomiting increases and your dog develops other signs of illness such as diarrhea, it’s important to get him to a veterinarian to be checked-out. Additional symptoms that your dog’s condition is worsening and needs to see a veterinarian may include the following:

1. Refusing food or appetite loss
2. Weight loss
3. Abdominal pain
4. Lethargic and loses interest
5. Dehydration and change in water consumption
6. Decrease in urination
7. White gums
8. Blood or dried blood particles in vomit
9. Diarrhea
10. Collapse or loses consciousness

Dog vomiting: Signs

A dog that may be nauseous and about to vomit may show very clear signs of what’s to come. As unpleasant as it seems, it is important for you to take note of what your dog is throwing up so that you can describe the contents to a veterinarian.

Liquid and particles, color and foam are all signs of different reactions happening inside your dog’s system that could help a veterinarian better understand the cause.

Signs your dog is going to throw up

• Very restless
• Lip-licking
• Stomach rumbling
• Salivates
• Excessive gas
• Swallows repeatedly
• Eats grass
• Drinks more water than usual

Regurgitation vs Vomiting

It’s important to understand the difference between a dog vomiting and a dog regurgitating.

Regurgitation can be a sign of serious disease, so it’s important to share this type of information with your veterinarian if your dog regurgitates frequently.

Regurgitation is when a dog expels contents with no force and it usually comes up and out of the esophagus easily. Some dogs, more commonly in large breed dogs, may regurgitate after eating too much or too quickly.

Your veterinarian can recommend ways to help your dog avoid regurgitating food. Always consult with a professional before making any changes to your dog’s daily feeding routine.

4 Types of vomit

When it comes to a dog vomiting, it can be a sign of a health issue. When a dog vomits, they are using all the stomach muscles to forcefully expel contents. Your dog usually has one of the following four types of vomit colors and contents.

• Dog throwing up white foam vomit

If the vomit is mostly white foam with some yellow color to it, your dog is throwing up mucus (the white stuff) and bile (the yellow stuff). This type of vomit is because your dog’s stomach is empty, and he is throwing up foam that is normally in the stomach and bile from the intestines.

• Dog throwing up clear, watery vomit

If your dog is throwing up clear liquid, it may be a sign that he is dehydrated. If your dog continues to throw up watery vomit, he may become severely dehydrated. Check with your veterinarian on how to help your dog.

• Dog throwing up green vomit

If your dog’s vomit is green, he may have ingested a poison. For example, dogs who eat chemically treated grass or plants vomit green foam or liquid which is mucous inside his body. Contact your veterinarian as soon as possible to have your dog examined.

• Dog throwing up blood in vomit

If your dog’s vomit looks like it has coffee grounds in it, it could be dried blood particles or partially digested blood. This is a very serious sign and could indicate that your dog has internal bleeding into his gastrointestinal tract. It’s important to get your dog to a veterinarian immediately for an examination and diagnoses.

Treatment for dog vomiting

Consult a veterinarian before attempting any of these steps as not all dogs who are throwing up get the same treatment. The following instructions are meant as a guide only and require the support of your veterinarian.

1. Remove food and water bowls for 6 to 8 hours.
2. If your dog did not throw up during the 6 to 8-hour period, start with giving no more than one teaspoon of water per pound of body weight every 2 to 3 hours, or small amounts of ice chips or ice cubes through the night.
3. The following day, if your dog has kept the water down without vomiting, give a small amount of a bland food made up of either boiled hamburger meat and rice or boiled chicken and rice. Do not add any seasoning to the mixture.
4. If your dog won’t eat or vomits again, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.
5. If your dog takes food and does not throw it up, you can begin offering small amounts of food every 2 to 3 hours.
6. Keep your dog away from other pets in the house during this time.
7. Once your dog has passed the 24 hours mark without vomiting, begin stretching out the servings by an hour each time until you are back on his regular feeding schedule.
8. You can slowly transition him back to his normal food during this time.

Do Not:

• give your dog over-the-counter medication meant for people, unless advised by a veterinarian.
• give your dog water or food until he has not thrown up for 6 to 8 hours unless recommended by a veterinarian.
• change your dog’s diet suddenly, get advice from your veterinarian first.
• wait to see how your dog is doing if he has continuous episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, which leads to loss of important fluids and an imbalance of electrolytes.

Learn more about feeding your dog

Get dog health tips from experts. Subscribe to the Petfinder Newsletter. 

Infant Vomiting – HealthyChildren.org

My baby vomits a lot. Is this a sign of a problem?

Because many common childhood illnesses can cause vomiting, you should expect your child to have this problem several times during these early years. Usually it ends quickly without treatment, but this doesn’t make it any easier for you to watch. That feeling of helplessness combined with the fear that something serious might be wrong and the desire to do something to make it better may make you tense and anxious. To help put your mind at ease, learn as much as you can about the causes of vomiting and what you can do to treat your child when it occurs.

Vomiting vs Spitting Up

First of all, there’s a difference between real vomiting and just spitting up. Vomiting is the forceful throwing up of stomach contents through the mouth. Spitting up (most commonly seen in infants under one year of age) is the easy flow of stomach contents out of the mouth, frequently with a burp.

Vomiting occurs when the abdominal muscles and diaphragm contract vigorously while the stomach is relaxed. This reflex action is triggered by the “vomiting center” in the brain after it has been stimulated by:

• Nerves from the stomach and intestine when the gastrointestinal tract is either irritated or swollen by an infection or blockage

• Chemicals in the blood (e. g., drugs)

• Psychological stimuli from disturbing sights or smells

• Stimuli from the middle ear (as in vomiting caused by motion sickness)

Causes of Vomiting

The common causes of spitting up or vomiting vary according to age. During the first few months, for instance, most infants will spit up small amounts of formula or breastmilk, usually within the first hour after being fed. This “cheesing,” as it is often called, is simply the occasional movement of food from the stomach, through the tube (esophagus) leading to it, and out of the mouth. It will occur less often if a child is burped frequently and if active play is limited right after meals. This spitting up tends to decrease as the baby becomes older, but may persist in a mild form until ten to twelve months of age. Spitting up is not serious and doesn’t interfere with normal weight gain.

Occasional vomiting may occur during the first month. If it appears repeatedly or is unusually forceful, call your pediatrician. It may be just a mild feeding difficulty, but it also could be a sign of something more serious.

Persistent Vomiting

Between two weeks and four months of age, persistent forceful vomiting may be caused by a thickening of the muscle at the stomach exit. Known as hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, this thickening prevents food from passing into the intestines. It requires immediate medical attention. Surgery usually is required to open the narrowed area. The important sign of this condition is forceful vomiting occurring approximately fifteen to thirty minutes or less after every feeding. Anytime you notice this, call your pediatrician as soon as possible.

GERD

Occasionally the spitting up in the first few weeks to months of life gets worse instead of better—that is, even though it’s not forceful, it occurs all the time. This happens when the muscles at the lower end of the esophagus become overly relaxed and allow the stomach contents to back up. This condition is known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. This condition usually can be controlled by doing the following:

1. Thicken the milk with small amounts of baby cereal as directed by your pediatrician.

2. Avoid overfeeding or give smaller feeds more frequently.
3. Burp the baby frequently.
4. Leave the infant in a safe, quiet, upright position for at least thirty minutes following feeding.

If these steps are not successful, your pediatrician may refer you to a gastrointestinal (GI) specialist.

Infection

After the first few months of life, the most common cause of vomiting is a stomach or intestinal infection. Viruses are by far the most frequent infecting agents, but occasionally bacteria and even parasites may be the cause. The infection also may produce fever, diarrhea, and sometimes nausea and abdominal pain. The infection is usually contagious; if your child has it, chances are good that some of her playmates also will be affected.

Rotaviruses are a leading cause of vomiting in infants and young children, with symptoms often progressing to diarrhea and fever. These viruses are very contagious, but are becoming less common than in the past, due to the availability of a vaccine that can prevent the disease. The rotavirus is one of the viral causes of gastroenteritis, but other types of viruses—such as noroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses—can cause it as well.

Occasionally infections outside the gastrointestinal tract will cause vomiting. These include infections of the respiratory system, infections of the urinary tract otitis media, meningitis , and appendicitis. Some of these conditions require immediate medical treatment, so be alert for the following trouble signs, whatever your child’s age, and call your pediatrician if they occur.

• Blood or bile (a green-colored material) in the vomit

• Severe abdominal pain

• Strenuous, repeated vomiting

• Swollen or enlarged abdomen

• Lethargy or severe irritability

• Convulsions

• Signs or symptoms of dehydration, including dry mouth, absent tears, depression of the “soft spot”, and decreased urination

• Inability to drink adequate amounts of fluid

• Vomiting continuing beyond twenty-four hours

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

Vomiting and Diarrhea in Children

Please note: This information was current at the time of publication. But medical information is always changing, and some information given here may be out of date. For regularly updated information on a variety of health topics, please visit familydoctor.org, the AAFP patient education website.

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Information from Your Family Doctor

Am Fam Physician. 2001 Feb 15;63(4):775-776.

What causes vomiting and diarrhea?

Vomiting (throwing up) and diarrhea (frequent, watery bowel movements) can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, foods that are hard to digest (such as too many sweets) and other things.

Can vomiting and diarrhea be dangerous for children?

They can be. Vomiting and diarrhea can be harmful to children because they can cause dehydration. Dehydration occurs when too much fluid is lost from the body. Young babies can become dehydrated very quickly, but dehydration can occur in a child of any age. Signs of dehydration include:

• Irritability

• Not eating as well as usual

• Weight loss

• Not urinating (“peeing”) as often as usual

• Urine that is darker than usual

• Fast heartbeat

• Dry mouth

• Thirst (babies may show thirst by crying and being irritable and eager to drink when something is offered)

• Sunken eyes

• No tears when crying

• Sunken soft spot in babies younger than 18 months

• Skin that isn’t as springy as usual

How can I prevent dehydration?

If your child has had several bouts of vomiting or diarrhea, he or she will need to drink fluids to replace those lost with vomiting and diarrhea. Encourage your child older than two years to drink water and other clear fluids. Ask your doctor about giving your baby or toddler oral rehydration solution (ORS), which contains the right mix of salt, sugar, potassium and other elements to help replace lost body fluids.

What can I give my older child to drink?

Children older than two years can have drinks such as apple juice, chicken broth, sports drinks (Gatorade), ginger ale or tea. Plain water can cause problems, such as lowering the amount of salt or sugar in the blood.

Should I give my child ORS?

If your child is younger than two years and you are worried that he or she is dehydrated, ask your doctor about using ORS. ORS comes as a powder that you mix with water, or a liquid that is already mixed and as frozen popsicles.

Brands of ORS include Pedialyte, Rice-Lyte, Rehydralyte and the World Health Organization’s Oral Rehydration Solution (WHO-ORS). Ask your doctor about which one to use.

Should I feed my child during sickness?

Yes. Even though eating may cause the amount of diarrhea to increase, your child will be able to get some nutrients from the food. This may prevent your child from losing too much weight and help your child get better quicker.

• Breast-fed babies. If you are breast-feeding, keep breast-feeding while you give ORS.

• Formula-fed babies. If you have been giving your baby formula, some doctors suggest switching from formula to ORS for up to 12 to 24 hours and then switching back to giving formula. Talk to your doctor about what to do.

• Children on food. Children should begin eating within about 12 to 24 hours after starting to take ORS. Avoid foods with a lot of sugar and fat, such as ice cream, gelatin, pudding and fried foods.

If your child has had diarrhea, dairy products are best avoided for three to seven days. Sometimes bland foods are recommended for the first 24 hours. Foods that are bland include bananas, rice, applesauce, toast and unsweetened cereals. If these foods don’t bother your child, other foods can be added over the next 48 hours. Most children can return to normal eating habits in about three days after the vomiting and diarrhea stop.

Should I give my child medicine to stop diarrhea?

This usually isn’t needed. Diarrhea doesn’t usually last long. If it is caused by an infection, diarrhea is a way for the body to get rid of the infection. Giving medicines that stop diarrhea may interfere with the body’s efforts to get rid of the infection. Antibiotics are usually not necessary either. Talk to your family doctor if you think your child needs medicine.

Call your doctor if your child is vomiting or has diarrhea and:

• Is younger than six months.

• Is older than six months and has a fever higher than 101.4°F.

• Has signs of dehydration.

• Has been vomiting longer than eight hours or is vomiting with great force.

• Has stools that are bloody or slimy.

• Has blood or green slime in the vomit.

• Hasn’t passed urine in eight hours.

• Could have swallowed something that could be a poison.

• Has a stiff neck.

• Is listless or unusually sleepy.

• Has had tummy pain for more than two hours.

90,000 Traffic signs tearing all templates – BEYOND THE BARK

Looking at some of the road signs, you just wonder: what’s in the minds of road traffic?

Road signs and city signs are designed to help drivers and pedestrians. Looking through the next selection – you can’t tell …

1. It is forbidden to shit in this place by some unseen beast.

2. Would it ever occur to anyone to sail on a boat in this puddle?

3.The pedestrian crossing sign looks more like a floor piano.

4. It is not recommended to drive in these places under the influence of alcohol.

5. The spruce forest is not for peeing.

6. First they put up a sign and then paved the road. As a result, the sign had to be divided into two halves. However, its apparent expediency does not seem to bother anyone at all.

7. No passage for Neanderthals!

8. This pointer on the parapet warns about many things.

9. The way to nowhere.

10. The transition is allowed only for pandas in human form.

11. Travel on an elephant is prohibited! Interestingly, and how often do they ride elephants here?

12.The beach was closed, a sign was installed, indicating this. But for some, this is not scary at all.

13. Caring motorists did not even leave geese without attention.

They also need to move according to the rules.

14. A friend’s head is not a cup. Do not mix it up in any way, dear!

15. Who drew this sign? Does he have any idea of ​​proportions at all? How could he be hung in a public place?

16.Snowfall warning for both pedestrians and drivers. Do not ignore this warning sign, otherwise it will not seem like a little!

17. Operating instructions for the toilet. Perhaps someone saw this thing for the first time.

18. It is strictly forbidden to massage fish in this place!

19. This is irrigation for lawns, not a summer shower, gentlemen

20.Beware, there may be flying deer nearby!

21. In civilized countries, alcohol is not drunk on the streets.

22. Disastrous consequences await the one who decides to dive with a hatchet!

23. Sign at the airport. Any normal person is bound to have a cognitive dissonance.

24. Warning for migrant workers from Tajikistan.

25. Can only Woland, Koroviev and Behemoth be strangers?

26. Driver, it is dangerous to be here, because sometimes cows can be thrown onto the roofs of passing cars.

27. Labyrinth for daredevils!

28. For unpredictable cases in the forests of Israel, a toilet is required. So don’t be afraid of anything!

29.What did the road workers mean when they installed this sign?

30. Effective sliding is prohibited!

Tears and pleas will not hold them back: men

Adults, successful people perceive relationships as something sacred and inviolable – they respect their soul mate, try to live in harmony and harmony, constantly support the same “fire” in a couple. But there are people who can say goodbye to their partner with ease even after years of marriage.They are usually men. And astrologers believe that this character trait is due to the sign of the zodiac.

Aquarius

The word “empathy” does not apply to a man – a representative of this sign. Aquarians may seem very interesting and unusual, but sincere empathy and soulfulness are not about them.

Men born under this sign are very freedom-loving, independent and active. They always want something new. They may well break off long-term relationships without explaining the reasons, simply because they become bored in them.Or they found a more interesting lady for themselves. In any case, neither tears nor pleading will help here. Girls, just know: if you need an empathic and sensual man for whom the relationship will mean something, then do not even look towards the Aquarius.

Aries

Men – representatives of this sign can settle down only in a relatively adult age. If Aries gets into a serious relationship too early, they will quickly become sad. Why?

Because a serious relationship is a kind of framework for him.After all, from now on, he must be responsible to his partner, make decisions with her, provide for the family. No adventurism, spontaneity and fun.

Besides, Aries are very impulsive. Girls who enter into relationships with them under the influence of their charm often do not know what awaits them in the future. Aries are unpredictable, and they are also used to talking first and thinking later. Plus, they are born leaders. If a girl suddenly decides to compete with the Aries guy in the fight for the palm, then he will lose his temper.He needs a submissive partner, not a rival.

Gemini

They are no better than Aquarius. Another air sign, men – whose representatives make decisions quickly and without hesitation.

If the Gemini guy doesn’t like something, then he will break off the relationship easily and simply. Such a person acts without any attachment to emotions, approaching the situation with a clear mind.

However, Gemini is fickle. Therefore, do not be surprised if today he will sort out for you why you should part, and tomorrow he will offer you to start all over again. Why? Yes, because, while cooling down, he managed to weigh all the pros and cons of the relationship and decided that he was getting excited. So we got an emotional swing. So if you want stability and confidence in the future, then you do not agree to a relationship with Gemini.

Sagittarius

Representatives of this fire sign are very freedom-loving and independent. They live for themselves, for the sake of emotions and new impressions. Sagittarius should be interested! Therefore, he chooses the appropriate partner – so that she respects personal space, gives freedom and agrees to any adventure.

If Sagittarius suddenly doesn’t like something, he won’t stand on ceremony. In the first place in his life, he himself, and not a partner. So he can part without hesitation, and not necessarily personally. It’s quite in his style to send SMS.

90,000 Commemorative badge for the winner of the tug of war competition

The tug of war was very popular among sailors. A badge of the winner of the competition has been preserved – it is a figured silver medallion, on the obverse side of which the Admiralty anchor and the text – “Kronsht.TsVMK “. On the reverse side there is an inscription: “I prize for tug-of-war – team prize”, that is, the competitions were held in Kronstadt, and the athletes of the Central Naval Club became their winners.

Sailors also received signs “Ready for Labor and Defense” 1st and 2nd degree. The wearing of these badges was allowed by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 212 of December 32, 1931. The badges had the same status as the badges for shooting training; worn on the left side of the chest. The first sign was made in the form of a ring gear, on which a red five-pointed star with a ray-cut under the enamel was superimposed.The star depicts an athlete running to the left and tearing the finishing ribbon with the inscription “Ready for Labor and Defense.”

The sign with the help of two chains was suspended from a red square block with an inscription in three lines “CEC – USSR – VSFK”. All details of the badge are silver plated. For the basis of the sign “Ready for Labor and Defense of the 2nd Art.” the previous sign was taken, but the top of the gear of everyday life is covered with a red flag waving to the left with the inscription “Ready for work and defense.”

Excellent auger drills from the LLC ECOJUT company.

There is a five-pointed star at the top of the shaft. Two cords with tassels fall from it. A red five-pointed star is superimposed on the gear, which depicts an athlete. running to the left and tearing the finish line. Below, on the rim of the gear, there is a convex inscription “2nd grade.” The designs of the signs changed in 1939-1941.

Read on the same topic. Signs “Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR, 2nd Stage”

Almost at the same time, a collective distinction was established, the so-called “znamenny mark”, which was awarded to physical education teams that achieved high indicators in mastering the RLD complex, when at least 80% of the total list passed all the standards.

Punctuation norms

Culture Punctuation norms

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Exercise 75 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate rules for setting punctuation marks in separate definitions .

1. Waves tearing the coast to pieces hummed victoriously and menacingly. 2. The master entered the waddle, all black with coal dust. 3. Asleep he seemed even more severe to her. 4. The watchman in a torn earflaps and mittens, nevertheless looked impressive.5. I liked this room much lighter and wider than the previous one. 6. A room that looks like a wardrobe and a coffin is one of the recurring images of the novel. 7. Almost forgotten by his friends, he lived poorly and without fuss. 8. Frightened and confused, Peter did not know what to answer. 9. Exhausted by the difficult passage, the tourists continued their journey. 10. The kid, stained with paint, looked funny.

Exercise 76 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate rules for setting punctuation marks in isolated circumstances.

1. Wading the stream, I immediately got on the path. 2. Drank tea while having a heart-to-heart talk. 3. She stood with her head thrown back slightly and squinting from the bright light. 4. The boil stream ran to the stream. 5. The roosters sang eagerly announcing the turn of the night. 6. He ran without rest to the station in the depot. 7. It rained incessantly. 8. Lazy sitting sleeps, lying down works. 9. He could work without getting tired. 10. Fenya sat down for a long time, looking upset.

Exercise 77 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate rules for setting punctuation marks for homogeneous members of sentence .

1. In the forest alone it is noisy and eerie and fun. 2. She was equally considerate and kind and demanding of everything. 3. We then climbed the mountain, then walked along the slope, then again descended into the valley. 4. He lay on his back and looked at the darkened sky. 5. The shaking in the cart and the heady air of the steppe exhausted him. 6. Such music seemed to suit the face and the weather and the old man and his speeches. 7. Neither tree nor water moves anything. 8. Among the dishes, they bring a lot of clay and glass toys for children, such as ducks, pipes and sprinklers.9. Everywhere moss and below underfoot and on stones and on tree branches. 10. Everything in him, both a jacket and astrakhan hat and white cloaks, was stained with some kind of dark oily liquid.

Exercise 78 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate the rules for setting a dash in a simple sentence.

Science is a form of creative social activity. Science is a product of all socio-historical development, its logical and abstract theoretical expression.Today scientific knowledge is a necessary element of the functioning of society. To be engaged in science means to be able to formulate a problem, persistently look for ways to solve it, and objectively evaluate the results of this search. Scientific theory is not an axiom. A scientific search is certainly not an easy job.

Art thinks in images and science in concepts. It is difficult to refute the scientific arguments of colleagues, and your own is even more difficult.

Exercise 79 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate the rules for placing commas in a complex sentence.

1. The sun had already set and a pleasant freshness was spreading in the air. 2. The sky overhead was light and overhead it was thick. 3. Twilight slowly crept into the taiga and the bright blue of the sky gradually faded. 4. How long he lay motionless unconscious Alexei cannot remember. 5. I sat and waited to see if Zhenya would come out and listened. 6. He told us how to find a place to live and offered to stay at his house. 7. The weather was cold and windy so that the drifts poured above the windows. 8. When I ran into the gate under which it was very dark, there was no one.9. The fact that Ptah got into such an absurd situation, although without guilt on his part, hurt her girlish pride. 10. When two experienced chess players think over their pieces on the board, they are able to ponder only one move for hours to know what the opponent can do if such and such a move is made.

Exercise 80 . Arrange punctuation marks, formulate rules for setting punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

1. The rain had just stopped; the clouds were running fast. The deep gaps were getting bigger and bigger.2. The whole month had sunk down, the ice plain darkened. 3. It was difficult to walk; frequent thorny bushes grew densely and it was necessary to bypass them. 4. Alyosha tried to fall asleep but did not have time, a hurricane suddenly swooped down. 5. I woke up in the wide cracks of the barn, the rays of the cheerful sun gaze. 6. Imagine a blizzard on the street in December. 7. Wanted to shout can not. 8. The wind blew everything trembled and laughed. 9. Get down to business, hands fall off. 10. Ignat pulled the trigger, the gun misfired.

Read also

Metropolitan on a bike and deacon-rocker. 9 Clergy Breaking Templates | SOCIETY: Religion | SOCIETY

After the victory of Hieromonk Photius in the “Voice” project, the image of a clergyman changed in the eyes of many Russians.The priests and monks no longer seem so distant and strict, they can not only sing, but also make films, scuba dive and ride a bike.

Biker

Metropolitan Mark of Vyatka and Slobodskoy has excellent command of a motorcycle and can ride off-road. Last year he received the appropriate certificates, and at the beginning of June this year he led the column of “Night Wolves” in the motor-walk “Alexander’s Way”. In addition, the Metropolitan has been practicing various types of martial arts for many years.

Metropolitan Mark and the Night Wolves set off on a motorcycle trip | Photogallery

Metropolitan Mark and the Night Wolves set off on a motorcycle trip | Photogallery

Pilot

Father Georgy, rector of one of the churches in Krasnoyarsk, flies on an American Maule M-4 plane. In his youth, he was educated as a fighter pilot, but he could not get a job in his specialty. He was engaged in business for several years, and in the end he became a priest.But the passion for flying remained. Therefore, Father George decided to buy a plane from a Texas resident. After the delivery of the Maule M-4 to Krasnoyarsk, the clergyman fiddled it over the screws for another six months, until the plane was finally able to take off.

Rocker

Deacon Nikolai Chervon from Perm combines church service with the career of a rock musician. In his youth, Nikolai sang with friends in his group, starred in music videos and performed at rock festivals. When religion came into his life, he changed his leather jacket for a black cassock, but still continued to collect stadiums with his songs.The priest overlays a Christian text on rock music, he sings these songs from the stage for thousands of listeners. At the moment, he has already recorded several religious-themed albums.

Nikolay Chervon. Photo: AiF / Julia Zagorodskikh

Yachtsman

Archpriest Vladimir Kondratyev, an experienced yachtsman, participant of the Volga-Kama regattas, lives in Kazan. The Kazan citizen was not indifferent to ships since childhood. Dreaming of connecting his fate with them, he entered the Rybinsk River School. But it didn’t work out to become a navigator.Many years later, when Vladimir had already become a priest, he bought a small used yacht. Batiushka is a member of the Lotsman yacht club. He arranges yacht trips to holy places for Orthodox youth.

Vladimir Kondratyev. Photo: AiF-Kazan / Photo by Olga Lyubimova.

Photographer

Father Andrey from Kirov became interested in photography more than 10 years ago. Since then, he has become the winner of many exhibitions and competitions in Russia abroad. His works were highly appreciated by professionals in France, Poland, Romania, Germany, Serbia.Rassanov received the Gold Medal of the American Photographic Association (PSA) for his work “Reflection of the Human Soul” and the Silver Medal of the Serbian Photographic Association (FSS). Most of Andrei’s father’s works are not staged shots of people he met on the street.

Life and Religion. Works by Andrey Rassanov | Photogallery

Life and Religion. Works by Andrey Rassanov | Photogallery

Director

Archpriest of Novosibirsk Alexander Novopashin makes films that participate in international film festivals.For a long time he was the spiritual father of two film festivals – “Russian Abroad” and “Kinoshock”. Communication with actors, directors, playwrights, participation in film festivals prompted the protoirea to create his own cinema. The first experience of directing was for him in the film “Fracture”. This is a short film dedicated to the problem of youth drug addiction. In addition, Alexander Novopashin is fond of sports, won international competitions in powerlifting, bench press and deadlift.

Scuba diver

Orenburg Archpriest Dimitri Solonin is the Chairman of the Orenburg Region Underwater Sports Federation.His passion for this sport began more than 15 years ago – with spearfishing. Later, he began to engage in clay trap shooting with children.

Writer

The detective stories of the Arkhangelsk nun-writer Evfimia won love among readers throughout the country. Elena Pashchenko was tonsured a monk in Arkhangelsk, but there were no nunneries there, so Euphemia remained to live in the world. Now she works as a neurologist in a Moscow polyclinic, and in her free time she writes books, moreover, the most real detective stories and stories in the fantasy genre.Euphemia’s stories feature bloodthirsty villains, murders, intrigues and investigations.

Nun Euphemia. Photo: AiF / Yana Khvatova

Blogger

Father Dimitri, rector of St. Nicholas Cathedral in the Volgograd Region, has become one of the most popular Orthodox figures in southern Russia thanks to social media. Dmitry Klimov has his own YouTube channel, where he regularly uploads videos of his performances. On Facebook, he shares his opinion on the latest events in the country and the world, publishes the texts of sermons, which collect dozens of likes and reposts.One of the virtual friends of Dmitry’s father said about him: “Tears templates.” To which the priest replied: “I tear out templates. Not expensive. From 2 thousand and above. Depending on the ordered size of the shreds. Domestic templates ditch for rubles, imported for the currency of the country of origin (or at the exchange rate). ”

Signs of the Times in Common Medicinal Art – The Works of Samuel Hahnemann –
Homeopathy

The woman’s patience ran out and she decided to track down a thief picking flowers in her garden. She did not expect that fate would reward her so much | Entertainment

You can meet your soul mate at the most unexpected moment.And in the most unexpected place. This story is about a woman in whose garden someone got into the habit of stealing flowers. The thief, of course, had to be caught and punished. True, how all this will end, the heroine of our article could not imagine.

After parting with her boyfriend, the woman moved in with her parents. Here she tried to forget her love disappointments. This was facilitated by work in the garden at home. She grew flowers. “I put all my energy and love into the garden, so our beds were great.People stopped by the fence and often admired their beauty, ”the woman boasts. But then the flowers began to disappear …

Patience ran out

The woman’s mother suggested: “These are local children! They came to us more than once at night for strawberries. ” Well, so what, what are the children? Why pick flowers? And then one night our heroine heard a noise in the garden. She could not resist. She jumped out of bed, ran into the kitchen for a pot of ice water and went to the window.

“When I saw a silhouette making its way to my flowerbed, I decided to douse the thief with water.But the wet pan slipped out of my hands. I heard a strong blow. The thief fell to the ground. I was scared. What if I killed him? ” The woman quickly ran down the stairs and turned on the street light. However, the figure near the flower bed did not react in any way.

Suddenly

The frightened woman went to the victim. And she saw that it was not a boy, but a grown man. Really a thief? Or even a killer? What else was he looking for here? “I touched the man with my foot and he moved.Quickly pulling the belt out of the robe, I tied his hands, ”the heroine recalls. Then she rolled the stranger onto his back and shook him. The man opened his eyes. It was obvious that he did not understand where he was and what had happened. But after a moment the victim came to his senses completely.

Romance!

It turns out that this man’s brother lived nearby. He visited him often. The guys often spent their evenings at the local bar. There was a girl working there that our hero liked.How to show her attention? The man decided to give flowers. And where can I get them at a later time? Tear from someone’s flower bed! Having chosen the most beautiful, he began to extract them in this way. So this time the thief climbed over the fence for roses. And suddenly a terrible blow!

What’s next? Now the woman laughs, remembering this story: “It was not just a blow. He was also soaked through. I invited him into the house and offered him a dry shirt. And coffee.