How does thyroid hormone affect blood vessels to regulate body temperature. What are the implications for people with thyroid disorders. How can understanding this mechanism improve patient care.

The Intricate Connection Between Thyroid Function and Body Temperature

Recent research has uncovered a fascinating link between thyroid hormone and body temperature regulation, shedding new light on why individuals with thyroid disorders often experience heightened sensitivity to environmental temperatures. This groundbreaking study, conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, challenges previous assumptions about the relationship between thyroid function and metabolism.

Traditionally, the effects of thyroid disorders on temperature sensitivity were attributed solely to changes in cellular metabolism. However, this new research reveals a more complex mechanism involving the thyroid’s influence on blood vessel dilation and constriction. This discovery opens up exciting possibilities for improved treatment strategies and patient care.

Unraveling the Thyroid-Temperature Mystery: Key Findings

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, focused on mice with a mutated thyroid hormone receptor, specifically affecting the TRalpha 1 receptor. This unique approach allowed researchers to isolate certain aspects of thyroid dysfunction while maintaining normal function in other areas.

Dr. Amy Warner, a researcher at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at the Karolinska Institutet, explained the surprising results: “When our supposedly hypothyroid mice showed an increase in metabolism and were burning energy through activating their brown fat, we were confused by this paradox and wanted to find out why this occurred.”

Infrared Imaging Reveals Crucial Insights

Using infrared imaging, the research team made a startling discovery. The mutated mice were losing a significant amount of heat through their tails, indicating an inability to properly regulate blood vessel constriction. This finding challenges the long-held belief that temperature sensitivity in thyroid disorders is solely due to changes in basal metabolic rate.

The Role of Blood Vessels in Temperature Regulation

The study highlights the critical role of blood vessels in maintaining body temperature. In healthy individuals, blood vessels constrict or dilate to help regulate heat loss or retention. However, in mice with the mutated thyroid hormone receptor, this process was impaired.

How exactly do blood vessels contribute to temperature regulation? In areas of the body used for temperature control, such as the tail in mice, blood vessels can constrict to reduce heat loss in cold environments or dilate to increase heat dissipation in warm conditions. This dynamic process is crucial for maintaining a stable body temperature.

Brown Fat Activation: A Compensatory Mechanism

One of the most intriguing findings of the study was the increased activation of brown fat in the mutated mice. Brown fat, also known as brown adipose tissue, is a specialized type of fat that generates heat when activated.

Why did the mice with impaired thyroid function show increased brown fat activation? The researchers concluded that this was a compensatory mechanism. Unable to properly regulate their body temperature through blood vessel control, the mice relied on brown fat activation to generate additional heat and maintain warmth.

The Metabolic Paradox Explained

This discovery resolves the initial paradox observed by the researchers. Despite being hypothyroid, the mice exhibited increased metabolism due to the energy demands of constantly activated brown fat. This finding underscores the complex interplay between thyroid function, vascular control, and metabolic processes.

Implications for Thyroid Disorders in Humans

While the study was conducted on mice, its findings have significant implications for understanding and treating thyroid disorders in humans. People with hyperthyroidism often feel excessively warm, while those with hypothyroidism frequently experience cold sensitivity. This research suggests that these symptoms may be more closely related to vascular control than previously thought.

How might this new understanding impact patient care? Dr. Warner suggests that it could lead to novel treatment approaches for thyroid patients who find their temperature sensitivity significantly impacts their quality of life. By addressing the vascular aspects of thyroid dysfunction, healthcare providers may be able to offer more targeted and effective interventions.

Potential for New Treatment Strategies

The researchers demonstrated that administering a drug called midodrine to artificially induce vascular constriction reversed the heat loss in the mutated mice. This intervention normalized their body temperature and deactivated the compensatory brown fat mechanism.

Could similar approaches be developed for human patients? While more research is needed, this study opens up exciting possibilities for new treatment strategies that target vascular control rather than focusing solely on hormone replacement or suppression.

Comprehensive Patient Care

Understanding the full spectrum of thyroid hormone effects on the body is crucial for providing comprehensive care to patients with thyroid disorders. This research highlights the importance of considering vascular control and temperature regulation alongside more traditional aspects of thyroid function.

Future Research Directions

The findings of this study have paved the way for several promising avenues of future research. Dr. Warner and her team are eager to delve deeper into the mechanisms underlying the observed vascular dysfunction in thyroid disorders.

What specific areas of research are the scientists planning to explore? Some key areas of interest include:

• Determining the exact reason why smooth muscle in blood vessels fails to respond correctly in regulating body temperature in thyroid dysfunction
• Extending the use of infrared thermography to human subjects to identify potential heat dissipation differences between euthyroid individuals and those with various thyroid conditions
• Investigating potential therapeutic interventions that target vascular control in thyroid disorders
• Exploring the relationship between thyroid function, vascular control, and other physiological processes

Advancements in Diagnostic Techniques

The use of infrared imaging in this study highlights the potential for advanced diagnostic techniques in thyroid disorders. By visualizing heat dissipation patterns, healthcare providers may gain valuable insights into a patient’s thyroid function and vascular control.

How might infrared imaging be incorporated into clinical practice? While more research is needed to validate its use in humans, this technology could potentially offer a non-invasive method for assessing thyroid function and its impact on temperature regulation. This could complement existing diagnostic tools and provide a more comprehensive picture of thyroid health.

Personalized Treatment Approaches

As our understanding of the complex relationship between thyroid function and vascular control grows, it may pave the way for more personalized treatment approaches. By considering individual variations in vascular response and temperature regulation, healthcare providers could tailor interventions to better meet each patient’s unique needs.

The Broader Impact on Endocrinology

This research not only sheds light on thyroid function but also has implications for the broader field of endocrinology. By demonstrating the intricate connections between hormonal systems, vascular control, and metabolic processes, the study encourages a more holistic approach to understanding and treating endocrine disorders.

How might this research influence other areas of endocrinology? Some potential areas of impact include:

1. Reassessment of temperature-related symptoms in other endocrine disorders
2. Exploration of vascular control mechanisms in hormone-related conditions
3. Development of new diagnostic tools that incorporate temperature regulation assessment
4. Investigation of potential crossover effects between different endocrine systems

Interdisciplinary Collaboration

The complexity of the thyroid-temperature relationship revealed by this study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in medical research. By bringing together experts in endocrinology, vascular biology, thermal physiology, and other related fields, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of these intricate biological processes.

Public Health Implications

Understanding the connection between thyroid function and temperature regulation has broader public health implications. As climate change leads to more extreme temperature fluctuations, individuals with thyroid disorders may face increased challenges in adapting to their environment.

How can this research inform public health strategies? Some potential applications include:

• Development of targeted interventions to help thyroid patients manage temperature sensitivity
• Creation of public health guidelines for individuals with thyroid disorders during extreme weather events
• Incorporation of thyroid health considerations into workplace and urban planning strategies for temperature management
• Increased public awareness about the impact of thyroid function on temperature sensitivity

Educational Initiatives

As our understanding of thyroid function and temperature regulation evolves, there is a need for educational initiatives to keep healthcare providers and patients informed. This may include updates to medical curricula, continuing education programs for healthcare professionals, and patient education materials that explain the complex relationship between thyroid function and temperature sensitivity.

Technological Innovations in Thyroid Care

The insights gained from this research could spur technological innovations in thyroid care. From advanced diagnostic tools to novel treatment delivery methods, there are numerous possibilities for leveraging this new understanding to improve patient outcomes.

What types of technological innovations might we see in the future of thyroid care? Some potential developments include:

• Wearable devices that monitor body temperature patterns and provide real-time feedback on thyroid function
• Personalized climate control systems designed to accommodate the needs of individuals with thyroid disorders
• Advanced imaging techniques that combine metabolic and vascular assessments for comprehensive thyroid evaluation
• Smart medication delivery systems that adjust hormone doses based on real-time physiological data

Integration with Telemedicine

As telemedicine continues to grow, the findings from this research could inform the development of remote monitoring and treatment strategies for thyroid patients. By incorporating temperature regulation assessments into telemedicine protocols, healthcare providers could gain valuable insights into their patients’ thyroid function and overall health status.

Ethical Considerations in Thyroid Research

As with any medical research, this study raises important ethical considerations. While animal models provide valuable insights, it’s crucial to carefully consider how findings translate to human physiology and to ensure that human studies are conducted with the utmost regard for patient safety and well-being.

What ethical considerations should guide future research in this area? Some key points to consider include:

• Balancing the potential benefits of new treatments with possible risks
• Ensuring informed consent and protecting patient privacy in human studies
• Addressing potential disparities in access to new diagnostic tools or treatments
• Considering the environmental impact of new technologies or interventions

Patient-Centered Research

As research in this area progresses, it’s essential to maintain a patient-centered approach. This includes involving patients in the research process, from study design to dissemination of results, to ensure that the outcomes are truly relevant and beneficial to those living with thyroid disorders.

By continuing to explore the intricate relationship between thyroid function, vascular control, and temperature regulation, researchers are paving the way for improved understanding and treatment of thyroid disorders. This groundbreaking study not only challenges long-held assumptions but also opens up exciting new possibilities for enhancing patient care and quality of life.

How body temperature is affected by thyroid hormone

Researchers say they have discovered how thyroid hormone affects blood vessels to determine body temperature, potentially explaining why people who have disorders of the thyroid gland have higher sensitivity to environmental temperature.

An overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can cause a person to feel too hot, while an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can cause a person to feel too cold.

The researchers from the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden said that previous studies have attributed this to how thyroid hormone affects the metabolism within cells.

The thyroid produces hormones that are able to influence how much the blood vessels dilate. In turn, this affects how much heat can escape the body.

For the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers studied mice with a mutated thyroid hormone receptor (receptor-mediated hypothyroidism). This particular mutation only affects one type of hormone receptor called TRalpha 1.

According to the researchers, TRalpha 1 is only expressed in certain tissues, and the mutation makes the tissue unresponsive to thyroid hormone, particularly in the central nervous system, bone and all muscle types.

Dr. Amy Warner, researcher at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at the Karolinska Institutet, told Medical News Today:

“This makes it easier to study certain aspects of thyroid dysfunction, while others remain normal. It’s well known that thyroid hormone drives up basal metabolic rate, by affecting how quickly cells metabolize, and hypothyroidism should therefore show the opposite.”

Previous studies have shown that mice with this defect had an overactive metabolism, caused by the energy needed to generate heat from brown fat.

“When our supposedly hypothyroid mice showed an increase in metabolism and were burning energy through activating their brown fat, we were confused by this paradox and wanted to find out why this occurred,” Dr. Warner added.

The researchers took infrared images of the mice, which revealed that they were losing a significant amount of heat through their tails. This showed that the mutated thyroid hormone receptor meant the mice were unable to sufficiently regulate the constriction of their blood vessels.

Dr. Warner explained the findings to Medical News Today:

“Mice with a non-functioning TRalpha 1 receptor cannot properly regulate their body temperature, and this is due to impaired control of their blood vessels, in areas where they are used for temperature regulation, such as the tail.”

She continued:

“Shown through infrared imaging, at room temperature, the tail blood vessels do not constrict properly, and too much heat is lost. The mice cannot defend their body temperature correctly, and therefore need to generate heat from their brown fat to keep warm. Activation of brown fat requires an increase in energy demands to maintain, hence why these mice have a higher metabolism, despite being hypothyroid. ”

When the researchers gave the mice a drug (midodrine) to artificially cause vascular constriction, they found that this reversed the heat loss from the tail, meaning the mice could maintain normal body temperature, and activation of the brown fat was “turned off.”

“Oxygen consumption and food intake were also normalized, meaning that the increased metabolism in these mice was due to the energy demands of the brown fat, not a consequence of the mutation itself,” Dr. Warner added.

“By looking at the function of isolated smooth muscle from tail artery, we know that (sympathetic) signal from the brain to the tail is intact in these mice, and the defect is within the smooth muscle itself.”

Dr. Warner said that until now, temperature sensitivity as a result of thyroid disorders has been attributed solely to the basal metabolic rate effects of too much or too little thyroid hormone.

“However, this study shows that thyroid hormone’s role in the vascular control of body temperature may be of particular importance,” she added.

Dr. Warner noted that the findings of this study may open up the possibility to treat thyroid patients who find their temperature sensitivity to be significantly detrimental to their quality of life.

“Similarly, having a better understanding of all the conceivable consequences of thyroid hormone disorders is important for comprehensive patient care.”

Dr. Warner said that the team would like to carry out further research in order to determine exactly why the smooth muscle does not respond correctly in the mice to regulate their body temperature.

She added: “We’d also like to see the use of infrared thermography extended to humans, to see if any heat dissipation differences can be seen between euthyroid and different thyroid conditions.”

How Thyroid Maintains Body Temperature?

How Thyroid Maintains Body Temperature?

Created On

Dec 07 2020

Last Updated

Feb 21 2023

This summary includes research published in peer-reviewed journals including Frontiers in Bioscience, Archives of Internal Medicine, Physiological Reviews, and more.

We humans differ from animals and birds in a unique way: we can maintain a constant body temperature and don’t require hibernation or migration to warmer climates.

As simple as this may sound, maintaining body temperature has taken millions of years to evolve.

Beyond a certain amount of heat generated from metabolism, this requires a system that can generate additional heat in order to raise body temperature (e.g., to 37° C for humans, 42° C for birds).

Fighting Cold

During cold, as outside temperature drops, blood vessels shrink to reduce heat loss and people curl up like a sphere, to minimize the exposed area of the body (sphere has minimum surface area for a given size).

In parallel, the body starts generating heat. At first through shivering, but then the baseline metabolic rate increases. Over time, the brown fat deposited around vital organs such as kidney, spinal cord and blood vessels starts to generate enough heat to raise the body temperature.

What if the outside temperature is too high?

We have developed unique processes to dissipate heat and lower the body temperature. Sweating to cool down, and slowing down of certain biological processes to reduce heat generated in the body are just few examples. (That’s one reason why people eat spicy food in hot climates, because it increases sweating, which cools the body.)

Metabolic Rate

The baseline metabolic rate, or BMR, is the lowest amount of energy necessary to stay alive. This would ideally be the minimum energy our body needs.

It is measured at rest, after a meal, and at ambient temperature when no work is needed to heat or cool the body in response to outside temperature fluctuations.

Since we often live indoor at 20-25° C, our body is constantly burning stored fat to keep the temperature at 37° C.

In animals that live in cold environments, more body heat is necessary to maintain the temperature. It comes from a higher baseline metabolic rate and constant heat generated from the stored fat.

The baseline metabolic rate—sometimes also called, resting energy expenditure—depends on size, genetics, and many other factors including age, pregnancy, and gender.

Role of Thyroid Hormones

Thyroid is one of the main knobs to maintain a tightly controlled temperature around a 37° C (or 98.6° F). Even birds and other mammals use thyroid hormones to balance their body temperature.

During cold, thyroid hormones, T4 and T3 will stimulate the body to generate more heat.

In hot weather, when outside temperature rises above our body temperature, the release of TSH slows down. T4 and T3 already circulating in the blood lose an iodine atom and convert into non-active forms, e.g., T4 into reverse T3 (rT3).

What happens if the system malfunctions and the body continues to produce thyroid hormones?

Hyperthyroidism is such a condition when excess thyroid hormone, T4, circulates in the blood. As a consequence, the body constantly struggles to lower the temperature. This results in common symptoms of fatigue, high sensitivity of heat, irritation, and weight loss.

On the other hand, in hypothyroidism, our body can not supply enough thyroid hormones to maintain the temperature. A typical symptom is continuous feeling of cold.

Initially, TSH levels rise (or drop) to maintain sufficient T4 and T3 levels. However, beyond a certain level when TSH levels saturate (or bottom out), the system malfunctions, resulting in a thyroid disorder.

Thyroid and Body Fat

The so called brown adipose tissue—the brown fat distributed around key organs such as liver, heart, kidneys, etc.—is one of the key players in maintaining body temperature. On exposure to cold, these BAT cells generate the necessary heat to raise the temperature.

In hypermetabolic state—in hyperthyroidism—resting energy spending increases, people lose weight, their cholesterol levels drop, brown and white fat burning increases, and a higher blood sugar appears. These processes reverse in case of hypothyroidism.

Technical info – how a signal of feeling cold, translates into heat generation in the body?
As soon as the skin senses cold, blood vessels shrink, and the sympathetic nerves send signal to hypothalamus. This causes shivering, and the brown fat surrounding blood vessels and key organs receive signal to activate their adrenaline receptors (norepinephrine). This results in fat burning (lipolysis) to release heat in the body. Thyroid hormones and the uncoupling protein (UCP1) rapidly activate by lipolysis and the cell mitochondria oxidation results in heat generation.

Thyroid and Diabetes

Have you noticed the feeling of slump after a meal?

That’s because carbohydrate metabolism and the resulting insulin acts as a switch to activate the enzyme responsible for body heat generation.

Fasting slows down the supply of thyroid hormones to avoid any fat burning in the body—a behavior similar to hypothyroidism.

In diabetes, the insulin resistance affects body’s ability to stay warm through heat generation from the process of burning brown fat tissues.

In animals that have thyroid dysfunction—and can not properly control the process of fat burning to generate heat—continuous eating is essential to keep them warm.

During extreme starvation, the body shuts down this heat producing mechanism. Similar slow down occurs in hibernation, which is also mediated by thyroid hormones.

Thyroid and Weight Loss

Thyroid hormones play a key role in controlling metabolism together with brain, white fat, brown fat, skeleton muscles, liver, and pancreas. That’s why they are considered potential paths to solve the metabolic disorders related to obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. A thyroid test is one of the first step to understand the underlying issues.

Low thyroid hormone levels are also associated with retaining water in the body. On treatment, release of this excess water results in weight loss (amount of fat generally remains the same).

Studies suggest hyperthyroidism increases craving for carbohydrates which returns to normal after treatment of high thyroid hormones levels.

Interestingly, T3 is about ten-times more active than T4 in the body. That’s why it is seems to be more effective in weight loss and lowering cholesterol. However, no effect on insulin or cardiovascular health occurs.

A tiny gland in the throat has developed as a vital organ to maintain such a complex system of temperature control is truly an amazing feat of evolution.

References:

• Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism by Mullur et. al., Physiological Reviews, Vol 92, Apr 2014.

• Physiological importance and control of non-shivering facultative thermogenesis by J. Enrique Silva, Frontiers in Bioscience, S3, Jan 2011.

• Relations of Thyroid Function to Body Weight: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Observations in a Community-Based Sample by Fox et. al., Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol 168, Mar 2008.

• Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action by Gregory A Brent, The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 122, Sep 2012.

Thyroid

Every fourth inhabitant of Moscow and the Moscow region is a potential patient of an endocrinologist. We live in an area with a low iodine content, which means that our “thyroid gland” has to work hard. From such work, it increases in size and, sometimes, very significantly. Its normal hormonal function may be disrupted. And to prevent this from happening, you just need to see a doctor on time.

Who knows their norm?!
Usually, nothing should be felt on the front of the neck. And if the thyroid gland is felt with your fingers, it is very likely that it is enlarged (unless, of course, what you felt is exactly the thyroid gland!)
The normal function of the thyroid gland is not felt in any way, but its violation can cause chronic fatigue, fatigue, even muscle weakness, if such a violation has gone far.

Whom to fear?
Symptoms of the “thyroid gland” disease can be not only weakness and lethargy, and sometimes even vice versa – excitability and irritability, seemingly unconditioned; or a temperature of 37. 0-37.5 without obvious other reasons. There may be nothing else besides an increase in temperature, and doctors tend to attribute such a temperature to endless acute respiratory infections (without cough and runny nose?!), “temperature tails” after infections, or even to the personality and structure of the patient’s nervous system.

See the enemy in the face
There are no “100%” symptoms. But everyone needs to remember at least that the thyroid gland is. That she might be sick. That there are more than a hundred diseases of the thyroid gland, but the lion’s share is caused by a lack of iodine in food. Insufficient function of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) is the cause of miscarriage, hypothyroidism is the cause of mental underdevelopment of children, poor school performance. (Of course, there are other reasons as well). But it should be remembered that memory and intelligence are directly dependent on the function of the thyroid gland.

Women and children
That’s who is most important not to miss the disease. The function of the fetal brain depends on the state of the mother’s thyroid gland! Abilities and rates of development of the child too.

Poison?
Individuals suffering from atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias certainly need to be monitored. In the first two cases, because these diseases can arise or be aggravated by the pathology of the “thyroid”, and in the third, also because some antiarrhythmic drugs, say, cordarone, can harm the gland (especially with inadequate laboratory control of its work).

Until you get sick
Go to the doctor. And if there is no time yet, then do at least an ultrasound scan and take an analysis for hormones (TSH) and antibodies to thyroglobulin. These indicators will exclude the pathology of the thyroid gland (if everything is normal, of course). And if something is not right, then be sure to see a doctor. It is possible that other studies will be required to clarify the diagnosis. Such examinations are quite justified for healthy individuals, because thyroid diseases can be asymptomatic for many years, without manifesting themselves in any way, and not bother a person at all. And identifying problems at an early stage is very important, because this will avoid so many complications!

If you want to be healthy…
Of course, autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid gland, or its cancer, cannot be cured with iodine, but the most common disease – endemic goiter – is quite possible. You can also prevent it from happening. Taking potassium iodide at a dose of 100 micrograms per day for 3 to 6 months can radically improve the situation. Moscow and the Moscow region are zones of endemic goiter, 96% of the population have signs of iodine deficiency, which means that we are all recommended to eat iodized salt, and recently it has become possible to eat iodized bread and iodized butter. These products are both tasty and healthy.

Guys, let’s live together!
A lot of things can happen to the “thyroid gland”, and therefore – the doctor is your best adviser. All medicines (including iodomarin and potassium iodide) are best used for its intended purpose and under its strict guidance. In addition, most thyroid diseases, with adequate treatment, end in recovery! Think about how many diseases we can cure?

An unhealthy thyroid gland disrupts thermoregulation – Gazeta.Ru

If you are cold – check your thyroid gland – Gazeta.Ru

17 September 2013, 14:09
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Scientists have found out why people with thyroid disorders are more sensitive to ambient temperature.

Those who have an overactive or underactive thyroid gland often feel that their body temperature is above or below normal. This phenomenon is well known to physicians, but until now it has been associated exclusively with the influence of thyroid hormones on the intensity of metabolism in cells.

Swedish scientists have found that the main cause of thermoregulation disorders lies not at all in a change in metabolism, but in the effect of thyroid hormones on blood vessels.

Hormones against whites

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Hormones are signal molecules that are produced in the body in small quantities and are carried with the bloodstream to all organs and cells. When they interact with receptors, the signal is greatly amplified and converted into a physiological one. There can be different receptors for the same hormone in different organs. For example, the thyroid hormone receptor TR-α1 is most active in cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have obtained a mutant line of laboratory mice in which TR-α1 was “broken”. The mutant rodents generated large amounts of heat as metabolism increased dramatically in a specialized tissue called brown fat. Brown adipose tissue is present in all mammals. It is especially developed in hibernating animals. People also have it: in newborns it is 5% of the total body weight.

The main function of brown fat is to give warmth “from the inside”, to warm.

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So, as Swedish scientists found out, despite the increased metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, the body temperature of mutant rodents with a broken thyroid hormone receptor did not increase. It turned out that, among other things, when the receptor was broken, blood vessels lost their ability to narrow or expand under the influence of signaling molecules of the nervous system, such as acetylcholine.

When scientists measured the temperature of various parts of the body of mutant mice using infrared thermography, they noticed that the heat generated by brown fat dissipated through the surface of the body, and was not stored, as is the case with normal functioning of the body, and was not used for internal heating. Especially a lot of heat “leaked” through the tail. By injecting a specially selected vasoconstrictor into the tail artery, it was possible to prevent heat loss and, as a result, normalize the activity of brown adipose tissue.

The findings, according to scientists, explain why patients with thyroid diseases are so sensitive to temperature changes.

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This is the first study of its kind to discover the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-mediated thermoregulation and show the relationship between processes occurring in adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system.

It also became clear that the unbalanced work of blood vessels nullifies all the body’s efforts aimed at heating. Mice that produce excess heat and are unable to store it get cold. People are in a better position. Unlike rodents, they can wrap themselves in a warm sweater or turn on the air conditioner for heating. Nevertheless, in the long term, these studies should be considered as the first stage in the search for means of correcting vascular dysfunction. Results of work published in the scientific journal PNAS .

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