What are the symptoms of tick bite cellulitis. How is tick bite cellulitis diagnosed. What is the recommended treatment for tick bite cellulitis. Can Lyme disease mimic cellulitis. How can you differentiate between Lyme disease and cellulitis. What are the potential complications of untreated tick bite cellulitis.

Understanding Tick Bite Cellulitis: Causes and Symptoms

Tick bite cellulitis is a skin infection that can occur following a tick bite. It’s important to understand the relationship between tick bites and cellulitis, as well as the potential for confusion with other tick-borne diseases like Lyme disease.

Cellulitis is typically caused by bacteria entering the skin through a break or wound. In the case of tick bites, the bite site can serve as an entry point for bacteria. Common symptoms of tick bite cellulitis include:

• Redness and swelling around the bite site
• Warmth in the affected area
• Pain or tenderness
• Fever
• Headache
• Fatigue

It’s crucial to note that these symptoms can overlap with those of Lyme disease, which is also transmitted by ticks. This similarity can lead to misdiagnosis in some cases.

The Challenge of Differentiating Lyme Disease from Cellulitis

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, can mimic cellulitis in its early stages. This similarity poses a significant challenge for healthcare providers in making an accurate diagnosis.

How can Lyme disease be mistaken for cellulitis? The erythema migrans (EM) rash associated with Lyme disease can appear similar to cellulitis, especially in its early stages. Both conditions can present with redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area.

A study by Aucott and colleagues found that in a series of 88 patients with erythema migrans, 13 cases were initially misidentified or incorrectly treated. The rashes were often mistaken for spider bites, cellulitis, or shingles.

Key Differences Between Lyme Disease and Cellulitis

• Rash pattern: Lyme disease often presents with a characteristic “bull’s-eye” rash, while cellulitis typically appears as a more uniform area of redness
• Rash expansion: The EM rash of Lyme disease tends to expand over time, while cellulitis may remain more localized
• Associated symptoms: Lyme disease may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms, joint pain, and neurological issues, which are less common in cellulitis

Diagnostic Approaches for Tick Bite Cellulitis and Lyme Disease

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment of tick bite cellulitis and Lyme disease. Healthcare providers use a combination of clinical presentation, patient history, and laboratory tests to make a diagnosis.

For cellulitis, diagnosis is primarily based on physical examination and patient history. Blood tests may be ordered to check for signs of infection.

In cases of suspected Lyme disease, serological tests are typically employed. These include:

• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test
• Western blot test

Why is early diagnosis important? Early and accurate diagnosis allows for prompt and appropriate treatment, reducing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes.

Treatment Strategies for Tick Bite Cellulitis

The treatment of tick bite cellulitis typically involves antibiotics to combat the bacterial infection. The choice of antibiotic depends on the suspected causative organism and local resistance patterns.

Common antibiotics used for cellulitis include:

• Cephalexin
• Dicloxacillin
• Clindamycin
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (for suspected MRSA)

When Lyme disease is a consideration, doxycycline is often the antibiotic of choice. It’s effective against both the Lyme disease bacterium and many common causes of cellulitis.

How long should treatment last? For uncomplicated cellulitis, a 7-10 day course of antibiotics is typically sufficient. However, in cases where Lyme disease is suspected or confirmed, longer treatment durations may be necessary.

Preventing Tick Bites and Associated Infections

Prevention is key in avoiding tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases. Here are some effective strategies:

1. Use insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus
2. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when in tick-prone areas
3. Perform thorough tick checks after spending time outdoors
4. Remove attached ticks promptly and properly
5. Treat clothing and gear with permethrin

Why is prompt tick removal important? Removing ticks within 24 hours of attachment significantly reduces the risk of disease transmission.

Potential Complications of Untreated Tick Bite Cellulitis

If left untreated, tick bite cellulitis can lead to serious complications. These may include:

• Abscess formation
• Sepsis (bloodstream infection)
• Necrotizing fasciitis (rare but severe)
• Lymphangitis
• Chronic skin changes

In cases where Lyme disease is present but undiagnosed, additional complications can arise, including joint, neurological, and cardiac issues.

How quickly can complications develop? While the progression of cellulitis can vary, severe cases can develop rapidly, emphasizing the importance of prompt medical attention.

The Role of Emerging Research in Tick-Borne Diseases

Ongoing research is crucial in improving our understanding and management of tick-borne diseases. Recent studies have focused on several key areas:

• Development of more accurate diagnostic tests for early Lyme disease
• Investigation of novel treatment approaches for persistent symptoms
• Exploration of tick-borne co-infections and their impact on disease presentation
• Advancements in tick control and prevention strategies

What are the implications of this research? Improved diagnostic tools and treatment strategies could lead to better outcomes for patients affected by tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases.

Special Considerations for High-Risk Populations

Certain groups may be at higher risk for complications from tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases. These include:

• Elderly individuals
• People with compromised immune systems
• Those with chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes)
• Individuals who spend significant time outdoors in tick-prone areas

How should management differ for these groups? High-risk individuals may require more aggressive treatment approaches and closer monitoring for potential complications.

Tailored Prevention Strategies

For high-risk populations, additional preventive measures may be warranted:

• More frequent tick checks
• Use of permethrin-treated clothing
• Consideration of prophylactic antibiotics after high-risk tick exposures (under medical supervision)

The Importance of Public Education and Awareness

Public education plays a crucial role in preventing and managing tick-borne diseases. Key areas of focus include:

1. Recognition of tick-prone habitats
2. Proper tick removal techniques
3. Early recognition of symptoms associated with tick-borne diseases
4. Understanding the importance of prompt medical attention

How can public awareness be improved? Collaborative efforts between healthcare providers, public health agencies, and community organizations can help disseminate accurate information and promote preventive behaviors.

Leveraging Technology for Education

Modern technology offers new opportunities for public education:

• Mobile apps for tick identification and risk assessment
• Social media campaigns to spread awareness
• Online resources and forums for information sharing

Future Directions in Tick-Borne Disease Management

The field of tick-borne disease management is continually evolving. Some promising areas of future development include:

• Development of tick-borne disease vaccines
• Advanced molecular diagnostic techniques for rapid and accurate pathogen identification
• Novel tick control methods, including biological approaches
• Personalized treatment strategies based on genetic factors and individual risk profiles

What impact could these developments have? Advancements in these areas could significantly reduce the incidence and impact of tick-borne diseases, including tick bite cellulitis.

Challenges in Implementation

While these future directions hold promise, several challenges need to be addressed:

• Funding for research and development
• Regulatory approval processes
• Public acceptance of new technologies and interventions
• Integration of new approaches into existing healthcare systems

How can these challenges be overcome? Collaborative efforts between researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and the public will be crucial in advancing the field of tick-borne disease management.

The Global Perspective on Tick-Borne Diseases

While tick bite cellulitis and Lyme disease are well-recognized in certain regions, tick-borne diseases are a global concern. Different tick species and pathogens are prevalent in various parts of the world, leading to diverse clinical presentations and challenges.

Some globally significant tick-borne diseases include:

• Lyme borreliosis (Europe and Asia)
• Tick-borne encephalitis (Europe and Asia)
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Americas)
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe)

Why is a global perspective important? Understanding the global distribution and diversity of tick-borne diseases is crucial for travelers, healthcare providers, and public health officials in developing comprehensive prevention and management strategies.

International Collaboration in Research and Management

International collaboration plays a vital role in advancing our understanding and management of tick-borne diseases. Key areas of collaboration include:

• Sharing of epidemiological data
• Collaborative research initiatives
• Development of standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols
• Exchange of best practices in prevention and control

How can international collaboration be enhanced? Establishing global networks of researchers, clinicians, and public health officials can facilitate knowledge sharing and coordinated efforts in combating tick-borne diseases.

The Role of Climate Change in Tick-Borne Diseases

Climate change is having a significant impact on the distribution and prevalence of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Some observed and predicted effects include:

• Expansion of tick habitats into new geographical areas
• Changes in tick life cycles and activity patterns
• Alterations in host animal populations and migration patterns
• Potential emergence of new tick-borne pathogens

How does climate change affect the risk of tick bite cellulitis? As tick populations expand and become active for longer periods, the risk of human-tick encounters increases, potentially leading to more cases of tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases.

Adaptation Strategies

To address the challenges posed by climate change, several adaptation strategies are being considered:

• Enhanced surveillance systems to monitor tick populations and disease incidence
• Development of predictive models to forecast high-risk areas and seasons
• Modification of public health messaging to reflect changing risks
• Research into climate-resilient tick control methods

Why are adaptation strategies important? By anticipating and preparing for changes in tick-borne disease patterns, public health officials and healthcare providers can more effectively protect populations and manage cases of tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne illnesses.

Integrating Tick-Borne Disease Management into Primary Care

Effective management of tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases requires integration into primary care settings. This integration involves several key components:

1. Education of primary care providers on the latest diagnostic and treatment guidelines
2. Implementation of screening protocols for tick-borne diseases in endemic areas
3. Development of referral networks for complex cases
4. Integration of tick-borne disease prevention counseling into routine primary care visits

How can integration improve patient outcomes? By empowering primary care providers with the knowledge and tools to effectively manage tick-borne diseases, patients can receive prompt and appropriate care, reducing the risk of complications and improving overall outcomes.

Challenges in Primary Care Integration

Several challenges exist in integrating tick-borne disease management into primary care:

• Time constraints in busy primary care settings
• Complexity of diagnosis in early-stage or atypical presentations
• Staying updated with rapidly evolving research and guidelines
• Managing patient expectations and concerns about tick-borne diseases

How can these challenges be addressed? Continuing medical education programs, decision support tools, and collaborative care models can help primary care providers overcome these challenges and provide optimal care for patients with tick bite cellulitis and other tick-borne diseases.

Lyme disease mimics cellulitis skin infection

Lyme disease can mimic acute and chronic illness. In their article “Lyme Disease Mimics Postoperative Cellulitis,” the authors describe a patient who developed an abdominal rash, which was initially diagnosed as cellulitis, six days after a laparoscopic left salpingo-oophorectomy surgery. [1]

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By Dr. Daniel Cameron

The 40-year-old woman, who developed redness, swelling, pain, and a rash at the excision site, was treated with cephalexin and later switched to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX).  This case describes a case where Lyme disease mimics cellulitis.

“Over the next 24 hours, there was a rapid expansion of abdominal redness and patchy areas of redness on her left groin and her right forearm,” the authors write. The patient had complained of muscle and joint stiffness but attributed it to recent outdoor camping and exercise.

The woman was “admitted for postoperative cellulitis remote from surgery.” She was treated with doxycycline for possible Lyme disease, due to her recent camping trip and exposure to ticks.

Within hours of starting doxycycline, the patient’s “abdominal erythema [rash] significantly receded, the forearm and leg rashes resolved, and the joint pain and stiffness improved markedly.”

The Lyme disease diagnosis was confirmed with an IgM Western blot test.

“Initial suppression of the worsening rash could have been due to a low level of TMP/SMX activity on Borrelia burgdorferi stationary phase cells,” the authors explain.

Rashes caused by Lyme disease may be incorrectly identified and attributed to other conditions, such as cellulitis. Click To Tweet

The woman’s IgG Western blot test was negative.

Although Lyme disease can present with erythema migran rashes, early rashes can be confused with cellulitis. The authors suggest, “Lyme disease should be considered in patients with cellulitis in areas of endemic Lyme.”

Lyme disease rashes have been misidentified

Lyme disease rashes were misidentified in a case series involving 88 patients who presented with an erythema migrans (EM).  In 13 of these patients, the rash had been incorrectly identified or treated.

“Rashes were often misidentified by clinicians and patients as a spider bite, cellulitis, or shingles,” wrote Aucott and colleagues. [2]

The authors concluded, “Until more accurate tests are developed for early Lyme disease, cases without a diagnostic EM rash will need to be managed carefully.

In patients with cutaneous lesions where the differential diagnosis of cellulitis is not certain, empiric antibiotics should be chosen that will have activity against both Lyme disease and common agents of cellulitis.”

Editor’s note: I have prescribed cefuroxime or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid if Lyme disease is a consideration. Neither cephalexin nor TMP/SMX are effective against Lyme disease. If I believe Lyme disease is involved, I will treat patients longer than 7 to 10 days.  You can look at the rash yourself as the journal is open access.

References:

1. Miles S, Mansuria S. Lyme Disease Mimics Postoperative Cellulitis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. Nov 15 2020;doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2020.11.002
2. Aucott J, Morrison C, Munoz B, Rowe PC, Schwarzwalder A, West SK. Diagnostic challenges of early Lyme disease: lessons from a community case series. BMC Infect Dis. Jun 1 2009;9:79. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-79

Can you get cellulitis from an insect bite? Everything you need to know to avoid it

Written by Candina Jordan

• What Is Cellulitis?
• Insect Bites
• What Is Cellulitis From a Bug Bite?
• Symptoms of Cellulitis From an Insect Bite
• Treating Cellulitis From an Insect Bite
• How to Prevent Cellulitis From an Insect Bite
• Risks and Complications of Cellulitis From an Insect Bite
• More

Bites from mosquitoes, wasps, spiders, and other bugs can break your skin, leaving an opening for bacteria to enter.  

Insect bites don’t directly cause conditions like cellulitis. However, the broken skin and itchiness associated with insect bites increase your risk of developing cellulitis from a bug bite.

Cellulitis is a skin infection that can be caused by many different types of bacteria. It causes swelling, redness, and pain in the area that’s infected. If you don’t treat cellulitis, it can spread and cause serious problems affecting your joints, bones, blood, or heart. Cellulitis can be treated by your healthcare provider with antibiotics.

Although cellulitis can be caused by many different types of bacteria, the two most common types are Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria live on your skin and underneath your fingernails. 

Most of the time, insect bites are mild and can be treated at home. However, insect bites cause a break in your skin that can allow bacteria to enter. If you scratch an insect bite, you can transfer bacteria from under your nails or surrounding skin into the wound.  

If you’re bitten by an insect, treat it immediately to avoid complications such as cellulitis.

• Move away from the area to avoid getting any more bites or stings. 
• If you see a stinger, remove it from your skin. 
• Wash the area of the insect bite with soap and water. 
• Reduce pain and swelling by applying a cold cloth to the area for 10 to 20 minutes. 
• If the bite or sting is on your arm or leg, elevate the limb to help reduce swelling. 
• Use calamine lotion, baking soda paste, or hydrocortisone cream on the area several times a day. 
• Take an antihistamine such as cetirizine, fexofenadine, or loratadine to help reduce itching. 
• Use an over-the-counter pain reliever if needed. 

An insect bite alone won’t give you cellulitis. Insects don’t transmit the bacteria that cause cellulitis through their bites or stings. However, the break in your skin caused by the bite or sting can give the bacteria a chance to get inside your body and cause an infection. These types of bacteria commonly live on your skin and in your nose and mouth, even if you’re healthy. 

Cellulitis symptoms from an insect bite may not develop in the first several days after an insect bite. They usually start with a small area of skin that’s red, swollen, tender, and warm. The skin may be pitted like an orange peel or develop blisters. You may have a fever and chills. Cellulitis is most common on the feet and legs, but it can appear on any part of your body.

Your doctor can diagnose cellulitis based on a physical exam. There’s no blood test that can determine if you have cellulitis, but a test can determine what type of bacteria is causing the infection. 

Common cellulitis bug bite treatment may involve: 

Antibiotics. Cellulitis may be treated with an antibiotic you take by mouth. The type of antibiotic you need will depend on what type of bacteria is causing your cellulitis. You may need to take antibiotics for 7 to 14 days or longer if you have a weakened immune system.  

Some people may need more than one type of antibiotic or may need an IV antibiotic. IV antibiotics may be administered in the hospital to treat severe cellulitis or cellulitis of the face. People who are hospitalized with cellulitis usually have to stay in the hospital for a little over a week.  

Wound care. Taking care of the wound is an important part of treating cellulitis. Keeping it covered may help it heal faster. Your healthcare provider will let you know if you need to use special dressings or medicines to take care of your wound. 

Rest and elevation. You may need to keep the site of cellulitis elevated to help relieve the swelling and help your body heal. 

Here are some steps you can take to prevent developing cellulitis from an insect bite: 

• Use soap and water to clean an insect bite. 
• Apply antibiotic ointment to the bug bite if the skin is broken. 
• Use a bandage to cover the bug bite to keep it clean and prevent scratching.  
• Reapply a fresh band-aid and ointment daily or whenever it gets dirty. 
• Try to prevent itching by taking an over-the-counter antihistamine.

You can also reduce your chances of developing cellulitis from an insect bite by reducing your chances of getting bitten: 

• Use an insect repellent approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 
• Wear long sleeves and long pants when you’re outside. 
• Use an insecticide on your clothes. 

Cellulitis can cause serious complications if left untreated. You should see your doctor immediately if you have cellulitis along with any of the following symptoms: 

• A large area of skin that’s red and inflamed
• Fever 
• Numbness, tingling, or other changes in the affected area
• Skin that appears blackened
• A red and swollen area around your eyes or behind your ears
• Diabetes or a weakened immune system

Untreated cellulitis can cause: 

• Bacteremia, an infection of the blood
• Endocarditis, an infection of the inner linings of the heart’s valves and chambers
• Toxic shock syndrome, a life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins
• Sepsis, an extreme response to infection
• Necrotizing fasciitis, an infection that destroys tissue under the skin

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Cellulite: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Infectious cellulitis, or, as it is also called, streptococcal cellulitis, acute indurative cellulitis, bacterial cellulitis, is a deep inflammatory lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, accompanied by induration, redness, swelling, pain.

Cosmetologists understand cellulite not as an inflammatory process, but as a lobular structure of subcutaneous fatty tissue, uneven deposition of subcutaneous fat, which manifests itself outwardly as uneven skin. It is necessary to clearly separate the dermatological nosology “cellulite” and the cosmetic problem “false cellulite”, or gynoid lipodystrophy.

Cellulite disease has nothing to do with an aesthetic defect, which is commonly referred to as “orange peel”.

Causes of cellulite

Cellulitis is usually caused by bacterial flora – group A streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus. The process is associated with an open wound surface or skin abscess. In some cases (with diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities, severe tissue ischemia, after animal bites), other microorganisms, mainly aerobic gram-negative bacteria, can become the cause of cellulite. Yeast-like fungi of the genus 9 are considered rare causative agents of cellulite.0036 Candida , pathogenic fungi, parasites, viruses. There is an allergic variant of cellulitis – eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome).

Cellulite on intact skin is called “erysipelas”. Erysipelas is an acute form of cellulitis that occurs with the involvement of the lymphatic tissue in the inflammatory process, where the pathogen multiplies. Erysipelas affects the upper layers of the skin, while cellulite extends to deeper tissues. However, it is often quite difficult to draw a clear line between them, so they use the single term “cellulite”.

About half of patients with cellulite experience its recurrence. The recurrent course of the disease is often associated with pathologies of the venous and lymphatic systems. As a rule, traumatic or surgical interventions cause the first manifestations of cellulite. Cellulitis of the lower extremities usually occurs in older patients against the background of hypostatic phenomena (varicose veins, lymphostasis, etc.), as well as fungal diseases of the feet due to a violation of the barrier function of the skin.

Cellulite develops in places of skin damage as a result of microtraumas, cracks, cuts, burns, punctures, animal and insect bites, trophic ulcers, and edema of any etiology. Patients with diabetes mellitus, obesity, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, as well as cancer patients and people who have foci of chronic infection or have reduced immunity are most susceptible to recurrent infection.

Most often, cellulite is localized on the legs, face, auricles, although it can also affect other parts of the body.

Disease classification

The following clinical variants of cellulite are distinguished:

• erythematous,
• erythematous hemorrhagic,
• erythematous-vesicular,
• erythematous-vesicular-hemorrhagic,
• erythematous-bullous-hemorrhagic.

Symptoms of cellulite

The disease begins acutely, usually within 1-3 days after exposure to a provoking factor. The clinical picture of cellulite is characterized by diffuse redness with blurry edges, the area of ​​inflammation is hot and painful on palpation. The lesions quickly increase in size, becoming plaque-like and edematous. Sometimes red stripes are noted – this is due to the transition of the infection to the lymphatic vessels, which become inflamed, causing hyperemia along the vessels. Slower and less acute cellulitis develops around ulcers.

A feeling of fullness, burning, pain appears in the area of ​​inflammation. Redness in a few hours turns into a bright erythema with clear uneven contours, swelling and infiltration of the skin are observed. Blisters often appear with hemorrhagic contents.

In severe cases (less than a third of patients), fever up to 38-40 ° C, chills, tachycardia, lowering blood pressure, headache, general malaise are possible.

Cellulite Diagnostics

The diagnosis of cellulite is based on a visual assessment of the clinical manifestations and laboratory confirmation. The main diagnostic measures include:

• complete blood count;

Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukogram, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram.
Brief description of the study Clinical blood test: general a. ..

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RUB 810

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General urinalysis (Urine analysis with sediment microscopy)

Method of determination

Determination of physical and chemical parameters is carried out on an automatic analyzer using the “dry chemistry” method.

Hardware microscope…

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410 RUB

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C-reactive protein (CRP, CRP)

C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein, a sensitive indicator of tissue damage during inflammation, necrosis, trauma.
Synonyms: Blood test for CRP; C-jet …

Up to 1 business day

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665 RUB

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Anaerobic culture, Routine. Bacteria Identification and Susceptibility

Detection of anaerobic flora in purulent-inflammatory processes.

Anaerobic microorganisms constitute the vast majority of normal human microflora…

Up to 9 business days

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RUB 1,945

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Gram Stain. Bacterioscopic examination of different smears

Synonyms: Analysis of a Gram-stained smear.

Microscopic (bacterioscopic) examination of Gram-stained smear.

Brief description of the study Microscopic examination of a smear stained …

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Culture of wound exudates and tissues for microflora and determination of sensitivity to an extended spectrum of antimicrobials

Synonyms:
Wound/tissue Culture. Aerobic Bacteria Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility extended testing.
Brief description of the study “Sowing wound discharge and tissues for microflora and determination …

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2 520 RUB

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Culture of wound exudates and tissues for microflora, determination of sensitivity to antimicrobials and bacteriophages

Synonyms:
Wound/tissue Culture. Aerobic Bacteria Identification. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Bacteriophage Efficiency testing.
Brief description of the study “Sowing of wound discharge and tissues for microflora, determined …

Up to 7 business days

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RUB 1,525

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Culture of wound discharge and tissues for microflora and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs

Synonyms:
Wound/tissue Culture. Aerobic Bacteria Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility testing.
Brief description of the study “Sowing of wound discharge and tissues for microflora and determination of sensi…

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RUB 1,460

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Glucose (in the blood) (Glucose)

Research material

Serum or blood plasma. If it is not possible to centrifuge the sample 30 minutes after collection for serum/plasma separation…

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Which doctors to contact

It is possible to prevent the development of cellulite at an early stage, so when the first symptoms appear, you should consult a dermatologist, a general practitioner (family doctor). It is recommended to consult a surgeon for patients with ulcerative skin defects, if necessary, surgical treatment of the ulcerative surface. Consultation

general practitioner

and

endocrinologist

is needed for chronic cellulite to exclude concomitant pathology and determine the required amount of diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

Treatment of cellulite

The basis of the treatment of infectious cellulite is antibacterial therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen to certain drugs. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used, which is associated with difficulties in laboratory verification of the pathogen. Antimicrobial treatment of cellulite involves the use of antibacterial agents active against streptococci and staphylococci for 5 to 10 days in the case of uncomplicated cellulitis. In severe forms of cellulitis, antibacterial therapy is carried out with the use of drugs that are effective against both strepto- and staphylococci, and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, until negative culture results are obtained. If the inflammation is autoimmune, then antibiotics are not required. Corticosteroids are often prescribed to relieve inflammation.

Localized erysipelas and cellulite care includes bed rest and elevation of affected areas to reduce local swelling. Cool, sterile saline dressings relieve pain and are especially indicated in the presence of bullous lesions. Application of moist heat may help localize an abscess associated with cellulitis.

Note that local therapy is indicated only for bullous, hemorrhagic manifestations of the disease.

In most cases of typical cellulite, there is no need to prescribe local agents – systemic antibacterial drugs are sufficient.
In complex and severe cases, surgery may be required to remove gangrene, tissue necrosis.

Among physiotherapeutic methods, the use of ultraviolet irradiation, laser therapy and photodynamic therapy is recommended. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used in patients with progressive cellulitis, when surgical excision of pathological tissues may be crippling.

Complications

Cellulite treatment should be started as soon as the doctor prescribes it, and all recommendations must be fully followed. The patient should not stop treatment as soon as he feels better, otherwise the disease may spread, causing serious complications.

Complications of cellulitis can be abscesses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, thrombophlebitis, bacteremia, necrotizing fasciitis, as well as lymphangitis and glomerulonephritis.

Recurrent infection of the lower extremities may be complicated by the development of dermal fibrosis and thickening of the epidermis. In older people, cellulitis of the lower third of the lower leg may be complicated by thrombophlebitis. In addition, inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue can trigger the development of meningitis.
In severe cases, cellulitis turns into gangrene. In turn, gangrene is often complicated by necrosis, in which the affected skin and subcutaneous fat die off. And this can lead to sepsis and death.

Prevention of cellulite

In order to prevent cellulite recurrence, the use of bicillin administered intramuscularly is effective. The duration of bicillin prophylaxis is 3 years, one preventive course per year.

The success of preventive treatment of cellulite also depends on the effectiveness of therapy for diseases that predispose to the appearance and recurrence of cellulite – diabetes, foot mycosis, microcirculation disorders, carbohydrate metabolism.

To prevent cellulite, you need to observe personal hygiene, monitor the condition of the skin – it should always be clean, do not allow it to peel or crack.

You should not get carried away with local antibacterial agents, as this can lead to a violation of the natural microflora of the skin and a weakening of its barrier function.

For the prevention of cellulite and erysipelas, it is necessary to follow the general recommendations:

• be careful when handling raw fish, poultry or meat;
• when working with the ground, it is recommended to wear rubber gloves;
• treat fungal infections in a timely manner; skin wounds must be thoroughly washed so that the infection does not enter the underlying tissues;
• at the first symptoms of inflammation, you should consult a doctor.

Sources:

1. Plieva L.R. Cellulitis versus cellulite. Russian journal of skin and venereal diseases. 2015; 18(6). pp. 42-49.
2. Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with pyoderma. Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. Moscow, 2015.
3. Plavunov N.F., Kadyshev V.A., Chernobrovkina T.Ya., Proskurina L.N. Features of the clinic and differential diagnosis of erysipelas. Review. Archive of internal medicine. 2017; 7(5). pp. 327-339. DOI: 10.20514/2226-6704-2017-7-5-327-339

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Mosquito bites: what is the danger and how to treat – advice from a dermatologist html

Mosquito bites: what is the danger and how to treat – advice from a dermatologist

Mosquito bites: what is the danger and how to treat – advice from a dermatologist dermatologist

About how to avoid risks and how to treat mosquito bites correctly, told the leading dermatologist, teacher of the online academy of skin problems Skill for. .. RIA Novosti Krym, 07/23/2021

2021-07-23T21: 15

2021-07-23T18: 23

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SEVASTOPOL, July 23 – RIA Novosti Crimea. Leading dermatologist, lecturer at the Skill for Skin online academy of skin problems Margarita Gecht spoke about how to avoid risks and how to treat mosquito bites correctly. According to the doctor, the causes of allergic reactions to mosquito bites have not been thoroughly studied to date, however all three existing versions are somehow connected with the body’s reaction to substances contained in saliva, which the insect injects into the blood when biting a person. In this way, various diseases can be transmitted. As a result, a bite spot on the skin that is invisible at first glance can have serious consequences. The specialist notes that only female mosquitoes bite, for them human blood is a source of protein that insects use when laying eggs. Many people do not experience much discomfort after being bitten. As a rule, the maximum that can happen is that a small blister and redness form on the damaged area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin, and then itching occurs. If there are capillaries near the bite site, something like bruising can also appear – dark spots, Hecht says. However, in some cases, the consequences can be much more traumatic and dangerous. At the same time, they can appear both separately and all at once. In this case, we are talking about the so-called Sticker syndrome – a severe allergic reaction that grows in a matter of hours. Among the complications that are possible as a result of a mosquito bite, the doctor names the three most unpleasant and dangerous. And these are all bacterial infections. Impetigo is a local bacterial infection that can be caused by scratching the site of an itchy bite to the point of scratching. Cellulitis is the result of a bacterial infection spreading over the skin, which becomes swollen, hot, and looks like an orange peel. And finally, lymphangitis is a bacterial infection that spreads through the lymphatic channels. The third case is the most dangerous. Outwardly, everything looks like a red stripe going up the arm or leg, this is a danger signal – a possible infection into the bloodstream and blood poisoning. At the same time, fever, headache and joint pain can become symptoms of the disease after a bite. The dermatologist recommends Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any symptoms other than redness and itching at the bite site. If the consequences of an insect attack are minimal, a cream or gel with an antihistamine component will help get rid of discomfort, Gecht notes. Folk remedies will also help. Among them, the dermatologist names seven: These products can be applied to the skin to relieve an allergic reaction. At the same time, Hecht notes that for those people who are allergic to ragweed, chamomile can be harmful. Earlier, the RIA Novosti Crimea website reported that two potentially dangerous species of mosquitoes had appeared in Crimea.

https://crimea.ria.ru/20210601/Eto-ne-ukus-nasekomogo-vrach-rasskazal-o-priznakakh-raka-kozhi-1119633765.html

https://crimea.ria.ru/20210517 /Lomota-i-temperatura-kak-opredelit-ukus-infitsirovannogo-klescha-1119584151.html

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SEVASTOPOL, July 23 – RIA Novosti Crimea. Margarita Gecht, a leading dermatologist and lecturer at the Skill for Skin online academy of skin problems, spoke about how to avoid risks and how to treat mosquito bites correctly.

June 1, 2021, 09:11

This is not an insect bite: the doctor spoke about the signs of skin cancer are associated with the body’s reaction to substances contained in saliva, which the insect injects into the bloodstream by biting a person. In this way, various diseases can be transmitted. As a result, a bite mark on the skin that is imperceptible at first glance can have serious consequences.

May 17, 2021, 08:36

Aching and fever: how to identify the bite of an infected tick

The specialist notes that only female mosquitoes bite, for them human blood is a source of a protein that insects use when laying eggs. Many people do not experience much discomfort after being bitten. As a rule, the maximum that can happen is that a small blister and redness form on the damaged area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin, and then itching occurs. If there are capillaries near the bite site, something like bruising can also appear – dark spots, Hecht says.

However, in some cases, the consequences can be much more traumatic and dangerous. At the same time, they can appear both separately and all at once. In this case, we are talking about the so-called Sticker syndrome – a severe allergic reaction that grows in a matter of hours.

“Sometimes under certain circumstances, more often due to the peculiarities of the immune system, more severe reactions can develop, which lead to the following symptoms: a large area of ​​​​edema and redness, low-grade or febrile fever, swollen lymph nodes. In Skeeter’s syndrome, blisters are in place bites tend to swell to a very large diameter, leading, along with fever, to puffiness of the skin,” Hecht said.

Among the complications that are possible as a result of a mosquito bite, the doctor names the three most unpleasant and dangerous. And these are all bacterial infections.

July 20, 2019, 14:37

Killer spider: an expert spoke about the consequences of a karakurt bite

Impetigo is a local bacterial infection that can be caused by scratching the site of an itchy bite to scratches Cellulitis is the result of a bacterial infection spreading over the skin, which becomes swollen, hot, and looks like an orange peel. And finally, lymphangitis is a bacterial infection that spreads through the lymphatic channels. The third case is the most dangerous. Outwardly, everything looks like a red stripe going up the arm or leg, this is a danger signal – a possible infection in the bloodstream and blood poisoning.

Fever, headache, and joint pain may also occur after a bite.

The dermatologist recommends that you see a doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms other than redness and itching at the bite site. If the consequences of an insect attack are minimal, a cream or gel with an antihistamine component will help get rid of discomfort, Hecht notes.

Folk remedies will also help. Among them, the dermatologist names seven:

• soda and water paste;
• a mixture of crushed oatmeal and water, which takes the form of a suspension;
• crushed basil leaves;
• aloe leaf juice-gel;
• cooling products with menthol;
• ice;
• decoction of chamomile.

These products can be applied to the skin to relieve an allergic reaction.