What is Ménière’s disease? What causes it? What are the symptoms of Ménière’s disease? How is it diagnosed? What are the treatment options for Ménière’s disease?

Understanding Ménière’s Disease

Ménière’s disease is an inner ear disorder that affects an individual’s hearing and balance. It typically occurs in one ear initially, but in up to half of cases, it can develop in the other ear over time. The disease is most commonly seen in people between the ages of 40 and 60, but it can affect anyone.

Causes of Ménière’s Disease

The exact cause of Ménière’s disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a fluid called endolymph in the inner ear. In people with Ménière’s disease, there is an accumulation of this fluid, leading to increased pressure in the parts of the inner ear responsible for balance. Experts are unsure why this fluid builds up, but it may be due to the body producing too much of it or a problem with the fluid’s drainage from the inner ear.

Certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing Ménière’s disease, including having a family member with the condition, having an autoimmune disease, experiencing a head injury involving the ear, or having a viral infection of the inner ear.

Symptoms of Ménière’s Disease

Ménière’s disease can cause a variety of symptoms that can come on suddenly and last for hours or days. These include:

• Vertigo, the sensation of spinning or that the surroundings are spinning, which can be severe enough to cause nausea and vomiting
• Tinnitus, a low-pitched roaring, ringing, or hissing sound in the affected ear
• Hearing loss, which may be temporary or permanent
• A feeling of pressure or fullness in the affected ear

In some cases, individuals with Ménière’s disease may experience “drop attacks,” which are sudden falls while standing or walking without losing consciousness.

Diagnosing Ménière’s Disease

To diagnose Ménière’s disease, a healthcare provider will perform a physical examination, including checking the ears, eyes, and nervous system. They will also ask questions about the patient’s medical history and symptoms, such as the nature and duration of vertigo attacks and any associated hearing loss or nausea.

Additional tests that may be performed to confirm the diagnosis include:

• Hearing tests to assess the function of the inner ear and the nerve that connects it to the brain
• An electronystagmogram (ENG) to measure eye movements and help identify the source of the vertigo
• Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, to rule out other potential causes of the symptoms

Treatment Options for Ménière’s Disease

Ménière’s disease cannot be cured, but various treatment approaches can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of attacks. These include:

1. Lifestyle changes: Limiting sodium intake and reducing stress may help prevent fluid buildup in the inner ear.
2. Medications: Diuretics to reduce fluid levels, antihistamines or sedatives to alleviate vertigo, and antiemetics to address nausea and vomiting.
3. Other treatments: In severe cases, steroid injections into the inner ear may be used to reduce fluid or pressure, or a surgical procedure may be considered.

The goal of treatment is to provide relief from the disruptive symptoms of Ménière’s disease while preserving as much of the individual’s hearing as possible.

Coping with Ménière’s Disease

Living with Ménière’s disease can be challenging, as the unpredictable nature of the attacks can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life. However, with proper management and support, many people with Ménière’s disease are able to maintain an active and fulfilling lifestyle. It is important for individuals with Ménière’s disease to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan and to learn strategies for managing the condition’s symptoms and impact on their daily activities.

Conclusion

Ménière’s disease is a complex inner ear disorder that can profoundly affect an individual’s hearing, balance, and overall quality of life. While the exact cause of the condition is not fully understood, ongoing research and advances in treatment options are helping to improve the management of Ménière’s disease and provide relief for those living with this challenging condition.

Ménière’s Disease – Health Information Library

What is Ménière’s disease?

Ménière’s (say “men-YEERS”) disease is an inner ear problem that affects your hearing and balance. It normally occurs in only one ear at a time. But over time, it develops in the other ear in up to half of those who have it.

The disease usually occurs in people ages 40 to 60, but anyone can have it.

What causes it?

The cause of Ménière’s disease is not known. But it may be related to a fluid called endolymph in the inner ear. In people with Ménière’s disease, too much of this fluid builds up. This creates pressure in the parts of your inner ear that control balance. Experts aren’t sure why this fluid builds up. It may be that your body produces too much of the fluid. Or maybe the fluid doesn’t drain as it should from the inner ear. Or it may be both.

It’s hard to predict who will get Ménière’s disease. But your risk may be higher than normal if you have:

• Another family member who has it.
• An autoimmune disease, such as diabetes, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Had a head injury, especially if it involved your ear.
• Had a viral infection of the inner ear.
• Allergies.

What are the symptoms?

Ménière’s disease can cause symptoms that come on quickly and last from hours to days. During an attack, you may have:

• Vertigo, the feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning. This may last from minutes to hours. It may be bad enough to cause nausea and vomiting.
• Tinnitus, a low roaring, ringing, or hissing in your ear.
• Hearing loss, which may be temporary or permanent.
• A feeling of pressure or fullness in your ear.

Most people have repeated attacks over a period of years. Attacks usually happen more often during the first few years of the disease and then come less often after that.

In some cases, each attack damages the inner ear. Over time your inner ear may become so badly damaged that it no longer works as it should. Then the attacks may stop, but you may be left with:

• Poor balance.
• Permanent hearing loss.
• Roaring or hissing in the affected ear.

A few people with Ménière’s disease have “drop attacks. ” A drop attack is a sudden fall while you stand or walk. It occurs without warning. It may feel like you are suddenly being pushed to the ground. People who have these attacks don’t pass out, and they recover within seconds or minutes.

See a doctor right away if you think you have Ménière’s disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may reduce both the discomfort of the attacks and your risk of hearing loss.

How is it diagnosed?

To diagnose the disease, your doctor will do a physical exam that includes checking your ears, eyes, and nervous system. The doctor will also ask questions about your past health and your symptoms, such as:

• How you feel when you have a vertigo attack.
• How long an attack usually lasts.
• Whether anything seems to trigger an attack, like changing your position.
• Whether you have other symptoms along with vertigo, like hearing loss or nausea.

Your doctor may also do tests to confirm a diagnosis of Ménière’s. These tests may include:

• Hearing tests, including one to find out if the nerve from the inner ear to the brain is working as it should.
• A test called an electronystagmogram (ENG), which measures your eye movements. This can help the doctor find where the problem is that’s causing vertigo.
• Imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan of the head. These tests can find out if the symptoms are caused by a brain problem.

How is Ménière’s disease treated?

Ménière’s disease can’t be cured. But you can work with your doctor to find ways to decrease your symptoms and reduce how often you have attacks. Certain lifestyle changes like limiting sodium in your diet and reducing stress may help.

Medicines

Your doctor may prescribe a diuretic medicine. Diuretics help rid your body of excess fluid, so they may help prevent the buildup of fluid in your inner ear. And that may mean you have fewer attacks.

Your doctor may also prescribe medicines to use when you have an attack, such as:

• Medicines that reduce the vertigo. These include antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate (for example, Dramamine), sedatives such as diazepam (for example, Valium), and the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop).
• Medicines that reduce nausea and vomiting caused by vertigo. These are called antiemetics.

Other treatments

If symptoms are severe and don’t respond to medicine, your doctor may suggest another treatment. This may include a steroid injection into the inner ear to reduce the fluid or pressure in the inner ear. The goal is to get rid of your symptoms while saving as much of your hearing as possible.

In rare cases of severe, lasting Ménière’s disease, doctors may suggest a treatment to destroy the balance center in the inner ear (labyrinth), which can prevent vertigo. Options include:

• Chemical ablation. During this procedure, an antibiotic (usually gentamicin) is injected into the inner ear to destroy the labyrinth.
• Surgery to remove the labyrinth. This is called labyrinthectomy.

These treatments can cause permanent hearing loss, so they are usually done only as a last resort.

What can you do at home?

Ménière’s can be hard to manage and tough to live with. But there are some things you can do that may help reduce the number of attacks you have:

• Eat low-salt foods. Salt makes your body hold on to excess fluid. If you eat less salt, you may have less buildup of fluid in the ear. So you may get vertigo less often.
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco.
• Try to reduce the stress in your life.

To reduce your symptoms when you have an attack:

• Lie down and hold your head very still until the attack goes away.
• Take your medicines for vertigo and nausea as soon as you can.

You can also take steps to help protect yourself when you have attacks:

• Do exercises to improve your balance. This can reduce your risk of falling and hurting yourself or others.
• Make changes to reduce your risk of injury during a vertigo attack. For example, install grab bars in your bathroom. Wear shoes with low heels and nonslip soles. And don’t drive during an attack.

Uses, Dosage & Side Effects

About Meclizine

Meclizine or Meclizine Hydrochloride is used as an anti-vertigo drug to control the symptoms of vertigo and imbalance. Meclizine is a generic drug which is available under different brand names. The popular ones are Antivert, Meni -D, Meclozine, Bonine, Dramamine, VertiCalm, D-Vert, Meclicot, Medivert, Driminate II, Bonamine Postafen & Pregnidoxin.

Meclizine is an antihistamine agent with antiemetic and antispasmodic properties.Antihistamines work by reducing the effect of histamine, a chemical generated in the body as a response to an allergic reaction, and interfere with histamine effects such as narrowing of airways, vasodilation and heightened permeability of blood vessels.

Meclizine suppresses the central nervous system by its anticholinergic effect on neurotransmitter Acetylcholine.

Meclizine hydrochloride was found to be a good suppressor of vestibular stimulation by controlling the activity of hair cells in the inner ear and therefore helpful in treating vertigo symptoms like dizziness and spinning.

Since the drug reduces central brain activity, it reduces nausea and vomiting sensation and is used for control of motion sickness as an antiemetic agent.

The drug helps in muscle relaxation too due to its antispasmodic property.

The above properties enable Meclizine’s use in various medical issues.

Dosage

Meclizine 12.5 mg is the lowest strength. The drug is also available in 25mg, 32mg, 50 mg and 100 mg.

• Adults suffering from motion sickness must take Meclizine tablet an hour before travelling. The dosage can be between 12.5mg – 50mg. For travel sickness, one can take the pill 8 hourly.
• Adults using Meclizine for vertigo can take it twice or thrice a day of 25mg-100mg strength for up to 5 days

Doctor’s prescription needs to be followed to get desired relief from the medicine.

• Children below 12 years and older adults of 65 years and above must avoid using Meclizine tablet.

Meclizine is considered to be safe during pregnancy and also during breastfeeding Informing the doctor will help them to provide better treatment to you.

It is not advisable to take Meclizine more than the dosage prescribed by the medical practitioner. If you have missed any dose, you can directly take the next dose rather than taking 2 doses simultaneously to compensate for the missed one.

Form

Meclizine is an orally administrable drug that is available in the form of a tablet, capsule and chewable tablet.

Side-Effects

Meclizine Hydrochloride causes drowsiness. Consuming alcohol, driving or engaging in rigorous activities such as exercising, running, working on equipment should be avoided.

Other side-effects of Meclizine are

• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Confusion

• Reduced cognitive ability
• Severe fatigue
• Persistent coughing
• Constipation
• Diarrhea

• Hypotension
• Skin Rashes
• Swelling of face, throat, lips or tongue
• Palpitation
• Itching

Many of these side-effects persist only for the duration of the medication and subside after the discontinuation of the drug. However, if the conditions do not subside or get severe, consult the doctor immediately.

Meclizine Hydrochloride may have some drug interactions. when taken with other medication. Inform the doctor about your ongoing medicines to avoid any drug reactione

Medical Conditions

Your doctor should know if you have any of the below medical conditions

• Respiratory disorders
• Cardiovascular problems
• Glaucoma
• Gastrointestinal disorder
• Urinary disorder or enlarged prostate
• Kidney or liver disorder

Doctors do not prefer prescribing Meclizine under these medical conditions, as these either aggravate the diseases or interfere with the medication of these states.

Meclizine and Vestibular Disorder

As mentioned earlier in the post, Meclizine Hydrochloride acts by reducing the activity and sedating the central nervous system to reduce the vestibular stimulation. This action helps control the acute vertigo symptoms like spinning sensation and nausea.

The drug is suitable for vertigo patients who are facing acute vertigo symptoms. The drug should not be taken for more than 5 days. Continual use of the drug will interfere with compensation of the central nervous system leading to a reduced or incomplete recovery. Instead, central compensatory treatment like vestibular rehabilitation therapy and physical manoeuvres help provide cure to the vertigo issue. This treatment provides sustained results in reducing vertigo symptoms and improves the treatment outcome.

Meclizine does not address lightheadedness, unsteadiness, and imbalance. This drug is suggested mainly to vertigo patients with vestibular disorders like Meniere’s Disease, Labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis in the acute stage. Meclizine should be stopped as soon as possible once the acute symptoms subside.

Disclaimer

All product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them. We’ve made all possible efforts to ensure that the information provided here is accurate, up-to-date and complete, however, it should not be treated as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. NeuroEquilibrium only provides reference source for common information on medicines and does not guarantee its accuracy or exhaustiveness. The absence of a warning for any drug or combination thereof, should not be assumed to indicate that the drug or combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient. Please base your medical decisions only on the advice of a doctor or a registered medical professional.

Tinnitus – Artus Clinic. Rheumatology, orthopedics, neurology, physiotherapy, exercise therapy

Tinnitus – Artus Clinic. Rheumatology, orthopedics, neurology, physiotherapy, exercise therapy

Tinnitus, or as doctors call it, tinnitus, has been experienced by many. Moreover, all patients describe it differently: as a hum, hiss, whistle, ringing, the sound of falling water, the buzzing of a fly, the chirping of grasshoppers … With such a variety, tinnitus is not quite a disease, but rather a symptom. And it can be a manifestation of serious health problems.

There are several diagnoses that often cause tinnitus:

• cerumen plug;
• diseases of the outer, inner or middle ear;
• acoustic nerve tumor;
• thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus;
• concussion, other head injuries and their consequences;
• cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

It happens that tinnitus is observed after taking certain medications. That is, it is a side effect. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible to replace the drug. Noise is also experienced by those who work or live in an environment with unnaturally high levels of noise.

As you can see, there are many reasons for tinnitus. By treating the underlying disease, we will also solve this problem, but it happens that there is no way to see a doctor. In this case, you should especially carefully monitor your blood pressure and keep the indicators within the normal range. Too loud places should be avoided, and as much as possible be in calm conditions. Reducing the amount of salt consumed by the body reduces the likelihood of high blood pressure. It is best to refrain from drinking Coca-Cola, black tea and coffee, as they cause the condition to worsen. Often, sports are a great way to normalize the condition. But if during training you feel an increase in noise, or the manifestation of other symptoms, it is better to stop.

The main thing is not to let the situation with tinnitus take its course. This will help prevent the serious illnesses listed above. To do this, you need to contact a clinic that deals with such problems in time. In this case, the diagnosis is made by a neurologist, or an otorhinolaryngologist (ENT). A good neurologist can be found at the Artus clinic in Kazan. To make an appointment, please follow the link. There you will also find the address of the clinic and opening hours.

Methods of treatment of this disease

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Doctors and specialists

The Artus Clinic is staffed by highly qualified specialists with extensive experience.
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Maxim Kolesnikov

Chief physician of the clinic, PhD, traumatologist-orthopedist.

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Gorshunov Alexander Viktorovich

Deputy chief physician, surgeon, physiotherapist, doctor of the highest category. Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, RT.

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Latypova Gulnara Rafikovna

Rheumatologist of the highest category.

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Fayzrakhmanova Gulnara Mubarakovna

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Traumatologist, orthopedist, chiropractor, sports doctor.

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Pedina Tamara Vladimirovna

Doctor traumatologist-orthopedist, doctor of exercise therapy and sports medicine.

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Rheumatologist.

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Cardiologist.

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Tsenin Maxim Vladimirovich

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Fedorova Inessa Firdusovna

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Rehabilitation instructor, physical fitness trainer.

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Galiev Rinat Robertovich

Physiotherapy instructor, rehabilitation specialist.

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Physiotherapy instructor, rehabilitation specialist.

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I really liked the polite attitude, thorough examination and questions. I saw a huge difference between the way I was treated by another doctor

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what causes it and how to treat it?

Possible symptoms associated with tinnitus

Noise in the ear may be accompanied by other symptoms:

• general weakness and fever;
• headaches;
• nausea or vomiting;
• pain in one ear or both;
• ear discharge;
• dizziness;
• incoordination, unsteady gait.

Causes of tinnitus

All causes of tinnitus can be categorized. The division is conditional.

Noise in the ears due to external causes

Pathology develops in people who, due to work, are forced to be in a room where loud noises are constantly heard. For example, in production, concert venues. The symptom may begin to disturb people who are used to listening to music at excessive volume.

Sound conduction disorders

Wax plug is the most common cause of ear discomfort. Hearing is reduced, pain and inflammation may appear. The condition is often aggravated after water enters the ear.

Otitis also often provokes the appearance of noise. This is an inflammatory disease in which the middle ear is most often affected. But there is also otitis externa and inner ear. Inflammation leads to the accumulation of fluid inside the ear, the appearance of severe pain, hearing loss. There may be purulent discharge from the ears. The general condition worsens: a headache appears, the temperature rises.

Disorders of sound perception

Tinnitus may occur as a result of labyrinthitis, when the inner ear becomes inflamed, there is a violation of the vestibular apparatus. In this case, a person is also disturbed by such unpleasant symptoms as nausea and severe rotational dizziness.

In Meniere’s disease, an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in the area of ​​the inner ear, a person begins to feel extraneous sounds in the ears. The receptor structures of the ear do not work properly. There is a hearing loss in the area of ​​one ear and spontaneous dizziness, which begins and goes as if by itself.

When sensorineural hearing loss has developed, not only noise is disturbing, but also severe hearing loss. The pathological condition develops due to changes in auditory receptors or disturbances in the conduction of nerve impulses

Anxiety disorder

One of the most common causes of tinnitus is an anxiety disorder. The mechanism for the development of tinnitus in this case is quite complex, and therapeutic approaches are still being developed.

Vascular pathology

The popular myth that tinnitus in most cases is associated with cervical osteochondrosis and “clamping” of the vertebral arteries or with atherosclerosis is now finding fewer and fewer supporters – for objective reasons. At the moment, there is no evidence that atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels can directly cause tinnitus, and a violation of the blood supply to the brain due to compression of the vertebral arteries by the cervical vertebrae is a casuistic situation and has a different clinical picture.

Tinnitus associated with the blood supply to the brain can occur if a person has a sudden decrease or increase in blood pressure.

Tinnitus (pulsatile and unilateral) is also possible in case of an arteriovenous fistula in the vessels supplying the meninges. However, this is a rare pathology.

Masses

Tinnitus may be caused by acoustic schwannoma, a tumor of the nerve sheaths. Other tumors in the cerebellopontine angle, temporal and posterior fossa meningiomas can also cause tinnitus.

A glomus tumor, a benign neoplasm in the middle ear, can also cause unilateral tinnitus.

Ototoxic drugs:

• NSAIDs;
• Loop diuretics;
• Certain antibiotics;
• Cytostatics;
• Quinine;
• Some anticonvulsants.

Drug side effects are by no means the most common cause of tinnitus. Therefore, tell your doctor about what medications you are taking if tinnitus occurs while taking medications, but in no case should you stop the drug yourself – tinnitus may be due to a completely different reason!

Systemic diseases

• Thyroid dysfunction;
• Hypovitaminosis B;
• Diabetes mellitus.

Most often, tinnitus occurs against the background of a complex of changes: distortion of sound perception by the peripheral hearing aid, decreased conduction of the auditory nerve, decreased number of associative connections in the brain, difficulty sorting “important” and “unimportant” sounds in the cerebral cortex, lowering the threshold sound perception against the background of psychoemotional disorders.