How are TMJ disorders linked to dizziness and vertigo. What are the common symptoms of TMJ disorders. Which treatments are most effective for managing TMJ-related dizziness. When should you consult a doctor about TMJ symptoms.

Understanding TMJ Disorders and Their Prevalence

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions affecting the jaw joint and muscles controlling jaw movement. These disorders can be temporary or chronic, impacting millions of individuals worldwide. According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), approximately 12 million people in the United States alone suffer from TMJ disorders (TMDs).

TMDs can arise from various factors, including:

• Trauma to the jaw area
• Arthritis
• Genetic predisposition
• Muscle tension or imbalance
• Stress and anxiety

While TMDs are known to affect people of all ages and genders, research indicates that they are more prevalent among women between the ages of 35 and 44. This demographic trend suggests a potential hormonal influence on TMJ disorders, though further studies are needed to confirm this connection.

The Connection Between TMJ Disorders and Dizziness

One of the lesser-known but significant symptoms associated with TMJ disorders is dizziness. This connection between TMDs and balance issues has intrigued researchers and medical professionals alike. A 2018 report highlighted that participants in various studies frequently reported tinnitus, hearing impairment, and vertigo alongside their TMJ symptoms.

Why do TMJ disorders lead to dizziness? While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, several theories have been proposed:

1. Displacement of the mandibular condyle (a part of the jaw joint), potentially triggering earache, tinnitus, and vertigo
2. Hyperactivity or sensitivity in the chewing muscles, causing contractions that affect the Eustachian tubes (connecting the ear to the nose), leading to imbalance and hearing issues
3. Pressure on nerves and blood vessels near the TMJ, affecting the inner ear’s balance mechanisms

Research from 2014 suggests that individuals with TMDs are 2.3 times more likely to experience vertigo compared to those without TMJ issues. In practical terms, this translates to nearly 60% of TMD patients also experiencing vertigo, while 65% of those with vertigo reporting TMD symptoms. These statistics underscore the strong correlation between TMJ disorders and balance-related problems.

Recognizing the Symptoms of TMJ Disorders

TMJ disorders manifest through a variety of symptoms, some of which may not seem immediately related to jaw issues. Recognizing these signs is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Common symptoms of TMDs include:

• Pain or tenderness in the jaw area
• Difficulty chewing or speaking
• Clicking or popping sounds in the jaw joint
• Headaches, often resembling tension headaches
• Earaches or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• Neck and shoulder pain
• Facial pain or soreness
• Limited jaw movement or locking
• A sensation that the upper and lower teeth don’t fit together properly

In addition to these more common symptoms, many individuals with TMDs report experiencing dizziness or vertigo. It’s important to note that vertigo is characterized by a spinning sensation, while dizziness is more often described as a feeling of lightheadedness or imbalance. Both can lead to nausea or vomiting, further impacting one’s quality of life.

Differentiating Between Dizziness and Vertigo in TMJ Disorders

Understanding the distinction between dizziness and vertigo is crucial for those experiencing TMJ-related balance issues. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they represent different sensations:

Dizziness in TMJ Disorders

Dizziness associated with TMDs typically manifests as a feeling of lightheadedness or imbalance. Patients might describe it as a sense of unsteadiness or feeling “off-balance.” This type of dizziness can be intermittent or persistent, often worsening during jaw movements or when TMJ pain is more pronounced.

Vertigo in TMJ Disorders

Vertigo, on the other hand, is characterized by a spinning or swaying sensation. Individuals with TMJ-related vertigo may feel as if they or their surroundings are moving, even when stationary. This can be particularly disorienting and may lead to difficulties with everyday activities.

Both dizziness and vertigo in TMJ disorders can be exacerbated by certain head positions or jaw movements. Some patients report that their symptoms worsen when lying down or tilting their head, which can significantly impact sleep quality and daily functioning.

Home Remedies for Managing TMJ-Related Dizziness

While medical intervention may be necessary for severe cases, there are several home remedies that can help alleviate TMJ symptoms, including associated dizziness:

• Dietary modifications: Opt for softer foods like soups, steamed vegetables, and fish. Avoid hard, chewy, or crunchy foods that may strain the jaw.
• Heat and cold therapy: Apply warm compresses or ice packs to the jaw area to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Gentle jaw exercises: Perform controlled stretching and relaxation exercises for the jaw muscles, as recommended by a healthcare professional.
• Stress reduction techniques: Practice meditation, deep breathing, or yoga to alleviate tension in the jaw and surrounding muscles.
• Posture improvement: Maintain good posture to reduce strain on the neck, shoulders, and jaw.
• Sleep positioning: Use multiple pillows to elevate the head while sleeping, which may help reduce dizziness and vertigo symptoms.

For vertigo specifically, try these additional remedies:

• Avoid sudden head movements, especially when getting up from a lying or sitting position.
• Practice balance exercises as recommended by a physical therapist or healthcare provider.
• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.

While these home remedies can provide relief, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for persistent or severe symptoms.

Medical Treatments for TMJ Disorders and Associated Dizziness

When home remedies prove insufficient, medical interventions may be necessary to address TMJ disorders and related dizziness. Treatment options can vary depending on the severity of symptoms and underlying causes:

Medications

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief
• Muscle relaxants to reduce jaw tension
• Antianxiety medications to address stress-related TMJ issues
• Antidepressants, which can help with chronic pain management
• Antivertigo medications for severe dizziness or vertigo

Physical Therapy and Alternative Treatments

• Targeted exercises to strengthen and stretch jaw muscles
• Ultrasound therapy to reduce inflammation
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain relief
• Acupuncture to alleviate TMJ symptoms
• Biofeedback techniques to promote muscle relaxation

Dental and Orthodontic Interventions

• Custom-fitted mouth guards or splints to prevent teeth grinding and reduce jaw tension
• Orthodontic adjustments to improve bite alignment
• Dental procedures to correct misaligned teeth or jaw positioning

Advanced Treatments

For severe cases that don’t respond to conservative treatments, more invasive options may be considered:

• Corticosteroid injections into the joint to reduce inflammation
• Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections to relax tense jaw muscles
• Arthrocentesis, a minimally invasive procedure to flush out the joint
• Arthroscopy for joint repair or tissue removal
• Open joint surgery in extreme cases

It’s crucial to note that these advanced treatments should only be considered after thorough evaluation and when conservative methods have failed to provide relief.

The Role of Interdisciplinary Care in Managing TMJ-Related Dizziness

Effective management of TMJ disorders, particularly when dizziness is involved, often requires a multidisciplinary approach. This collaborative care model brings together various healthcare professionals to address the complex nature of TMDs:

Dentists and Orthodontists

Dental professionals play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating TMJ disorders. They can:

• Assess jaw alignment and bite issues
• Provide custom-fitted oral appliances
• Recommend orthodontic treatments if necessary

Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Specialists

ENT doctors can help rule out other causes of dizziness and vertigo, such as inner ear disorders. They may:

• Perform specialized balance tests
• Treat any concurrent ear infections or disorders
• Collaborate with other specialists to address TMJ-related symptoms

Neurologists

Neurologists can assess whether neurological factors are contributing to dizziness symptoms. Their role may include:

• Conducting neurological examinations
• Ordering and interpreting brain imaging studies
• Prescribing medications for vertigo or associated neurological symptoms

Physical Therapists

Physical therapy can be invaluable in managing TMJ disorders and associated dizziness. Physical therapists can:

• Teach jaw exercises and stretches
• Provide manual therapy techniques
• Offer vestibular rehabilitation for balance issues

Pain Management Specialists

For chronic TMJ pain and associated symptoms, pain management experts may be consulted to:

• Develop comprehensive pain management strategies
• Administer specialized treatments like nerve blocks
• Coordinate care with other specialists

This interdisciplinary approach ensures that all aspects of TMJ disorders and related dizziness are addressed, leading to more effective and personalized treatment plans.

When to Seek Professional Help for TMJ and Dizziness Symptoms

While mild TMJ symptoms may resolve on their own, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Persistent jaw pain or tenderness lasting more than a few weeks
• Difficulty opening or closing your mouth fully
• Chronic headaches or migraines
• Frequent clicking or popping sounds in the jaw joint
• Recurring episodes of dizziness or vertigo
• Changes in your bite or the way your teeth fit together
• Ear pain or ringing not explained by other conditions
• Facial swelling or asymmetry

Additionally, seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden, severe jaw pain
• Inability to open or close your jaw (locked jaw)
• Severe dizziness accompanied by other neurological symptoms like vision changes or speech difficulties
• Signs of infection, such as fever or swelling, near the jaw joint

Early intervention can prevent the progression of TMJ disorders and associated symptoms, leading to more effective treatment outcomes and improved quality of life.

Future Directions in TMJ and Dizziness Research

As our understanding of TMJ disorders and their relationship to dizziness continues to evolve, several areas of research show promise for future advancements in diagnosis and treatment:

Imaging Technologies

Emerging imaging techniques, such as high-resolution MRI and 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), are improving our ability to visualize the intricate structures of the TMJ. These advancements may lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of TMJ disorders, particularly in cases where dizziness is a prominent symptom.

Genetic Studies

Research into the genetic factors contributing to TMJ disorders is ongoing. Identifying specific genetic markers associated with TMDs could lead to personalized treatment approaches and potentially preventive strategies for those at higher risk.

Neuroscience Insights

Advances in neuroscience are shedding light on the complex relationship between the TMJ, the nervous system, and balance centers in the brain. This research may uncover new pathways for treating TMJ-related dizziness and vertigo.

Regenerative Medicine

Stem cell therapy and other regenerative medicine techniques are being explored for their potential to repair damaged TMJ tissues. While still in early stages, these approaches could offer new hope for patients with severe or chronic TMJ disorders.

Wearable Technology

The development of smart devices and wearable technology may soon allow for continuous monitoring of TMJ symptoms and associated dizziness. This real-time data could help healthcare providers tailor treatments more effectively and track patient progress over time.

As research in these areas progresses, we can expect to see more targeted and effective treatments for TMJ disorders and related dizziness symptoms in the coming years.

Dizziness from TMJ Disorders: Causes and Treatments

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are common and affect many people. You may experience many symptoms, including dizziness.

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), approximately 12 million people in the United States have TMJ disorders (TMDs or also referred to as TMJDs).

TMDs are a group of conditions that affect the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement. These disorders can be temporary or become long-term or chronic.

Trauma, arthritis, genetics, and other factors can cause TMDs. Common symptoms you may experience include:

• pain in the jaw area
• difficulty chewing or speaking
• clicking or popping in the jaw joint when opening and closing the mouth
• headaches

Other symptoms that are not uncommon include vertigo or dizziness, hearing loss, and ringing in the ear.

This article explores how TMDs are related to dizziness and vertigo. It examines what causes these conditions, their frequency, and other symptoms. It also discusses potential treatments and when to contact a doctor.

A 2018 report states that participants in various studies often reported tinnitus, hearing impairment, and vertigo with TMDs.

According to research from 2014, scientists do not fully know why TMJ disorders can lead to vertigo. However, the anatomy of the bones, muscles, and joints in the TMJ area could be the reason.

The researchers said one possibility is the poor positioning of one of the joints, the mandibular condyle. This could trigger earache, tinnitus, and vertigo.

Another possibility is sensitivity or hyperactivity in the chewing muscles, which can lead to contractions that cause dysfunction in the tubes that connect the ear to the nose. This could lead to an imbalance and hearing loss.

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or swaying, while dizziness is a feeling of lightheadedness or imbalance. They can both lead to nausea or vomiting.

TMDs can vary, especially if you have any underlying conditions or have a bone or muscle structure that increases your symptoms. They are also more common in women between 35 and 44 years old than men or women of other age groups.

Other symptoms of TMDs include:

• difficulty chewing
• pain or tenderness in the jaw joint, neck and shoulders, or in or around the ear when you chew, speak, or open your mouth wide
• jaw discomfort, stiffness, or soreness
• headaches
• ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• hearing loss
• clicking sounds when you open your mouth wide or close it
• feeling that your upper and lower teeth don’t fit together correctly when you bite down
• facial or neck pain

According to the 2014 research mentioned above, scientists observed that TMDs could increase the chances of having vertigo by 2.3 times. In practical terms, nearly 60% of participants with TMD also had vertigo, while 65% of participants with vertigo also had TMD.

Moreover, 50% of the participants who experienced facial pain also reported vertigo.

This suggests that dizziness is quite common with TMDs.

Since there are not many studies on dizziness caused by TMDs, you can look at treating both simultaneously. Home remedies and medical treatments are available.

Home remedies

Home remedies for TMDs include:

• Eating softer foods, such as soups, steamed vegetables, and fish. You may want to avoid hard foods like beef jerky, deep-fried food, and hard snacks.
• Applying heat or cold to your face while gently massaging and stretching your jaw muscles.
• Reducing nail biting, gum chewing, and jaw clenching.
• Taking over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Remedies for vertigo include:

• sleeping with your head raised on multiple pillows
• sitting on the bed before getting up
• avoiding extending your neck or bending down
• moving your head slowly during daily and physical activities

Medical treatment

Medical treatments and procedures for TMDs include:

• pain medications, such as NSAIDs
• antianxiety medications
• antidepressants
• antiseizure medications
• acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
• arthroscopy, or surgery to reposition the joint’s disk
• surgery to change your teeth or facial anatomy in cases of severe symptoms

Other treatments that may work but need more research to be conclusive include:

• oral placements, such as mouth guards, occlusal splints, and stabilization appliances
• dental procedures, such as grinding the teeth, using crowns, or changing your teeth positioning
• botulinum toxin (botox)
• specific injections into the TMJ area that trigger the body’s immune response to repair the joint

Medications that can help with vertigo include:

• vestibular rehabilitation training (VRT), which refers to exercises for people with dizziness to help with balancing
• drugs like prochlorperazine and antihistamines

Note:

If you take any of the above medications, speak with your doctor about how to take them and for how long. They can be addictive or lead to severe side effects.

Was this helpful?

If you’re experiencing dizziness or vertigo due to a TMD, talk with a doctor. Dizziness can be a symptom of many different conditions, so it’s crucial to have an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

A doctor may recommend lifestyle changes like avoiding certain foods or activities that could be causing your symptoms. They may also suggest physical therapy or other treatments. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying problem.

If you cannot completely open or close your jaw or have persistent pain, talk with a doctor or dentist. They can help you understand why it’s happening and how to treat it.

TMDs have a vast range of symptoms, including dizziness or vertigo. There are numerous ways to treat both conditions, including home remedies, medications, and surgery.

If you have any persistent pain or frequent episodes of dizziness, it is essential that you speak with a doctor or dentist. They can provide a proper diagnosis and determine if you have a TMD or an underlying condition.

Dizziness from TMJ Disorders: Causes and Treatments

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are common and affect many people. You may experience many symptoms, including dizziness.

According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), approximately 12 million people in the United States have TMJ disorders (TMDs or also referred to as TMJDs).

TMDs are a group of conditions that affect the jaw joint and the muscles that control jaw movement. These disorders can be temporary or become long-term or chronic.

Trauma, arthritis, genetics, and other factors can cause TMDs. Common symptoms you may experience include:

• pain in the jaw area
• difficulty chewing or speaking
• clicking or popping in the jaw joint when opening and closing the mouth
• headaches

Other symptoms that are not uncommon include vertigo or dizziness, hearing loss, and ringing in the ear.

This article explores how TMDs are related to dizziness and vertigo. It examines what causes these conditions, their frequency, and other symptoms. It also discusses potential treatments and when to contact a doctor.

A 2018 report states that participants in various studies often reported tinnitus, hearing impairment, and vertigo with TMDs.

According to research from 2014, scientists do not fully know why TMJ disorders can lead to vertigo. However, the anatomy of the bones, muscles, and joints in the TMJ area could be the reason.

The researchers said one possibility is the poor positioning of one of the joints, the mandibular condyle. This could trigger earache, tinnitus, and vertigo.

Another possibility is sensitivity or hyperactivity in the chewing muscles, which can lead to contractions that cause dysfunction in the tubes that connect the ear to the nose. This could lead to an imbalance and hearing loss.

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or swaying, while dizziness is a feeling of lightheadedness or imbalance. They can both lead to nausea or vomiting.

TMDs can vary, especially if you have any underlying conditions or have a bone or muscle structure that increases your symptoms. They are also more common in women between 35 and 44 years old than men or women of other age groups.

Other symptoms of TMDs include:

• difficulty chewing
• pain or tenderness in the jaw joint, neck and shoulders, or in or around the ear when you chew, speak, or open your mouth wide
• jaw discomfort, stiffness, or soreness
• headaches
• ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• hearing loss
• clicking sounds when you open your mouth wide or close it
• feeling that your upper and lower teeth don’t fit together correctly when you bite down
• facial or neck pain

According to the 2014 research mentioned above, scientists observed that TMDs could increase the chances of having vertigo by 2.3 times. In practical terms, nearly 60% of participants with TMD also had vertigo, while 65% of participants with vertigo also had TMD.

Moreover, 50% of the participants who experienced facial pain also reported vertigo.

This suggests that dizziness is quite common with TMDs.

Since there are not many studies on dizziness caused by TMDs, you can look at treating both simultaneously. Home remedies and medical treatments are available.

Home remedies

Home remedies for TMDs include:

• Eating softer foods, such as soups, steamed vegetables, and fish. You may want to avoid hard foods like beef jerky, deep-fried food, and hard snacks.
• Applying heat or cold to your face while gently massaging and stretching your jaw muscles.
• Reducing nail biting, gum chewing, and jaw clenching.
• Taking over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Remedies for vertigo include:

• sleeping with your head raised on multiple pillows
• sitting on the bed before getting up
• avoiding extending your neck or bending down
• moving your head slowly during daily and physical activities

Medical treatment

Medical treatments and procedures for TMDs include:

• pain medications, such as NSAIDs
• antianxiety medications
• antidepressants
• antiseizure medications
• acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
• arthroscopy, or surgery to reposition the joint’s disk
• surgery to change your teeth or facial anatomy in cases of severe symptoms

Other treatments that may work but need more research to be conclusive include:

• oral placements, such as mouth guards, occlusal splints, and stabilization appliances
• dental procedures, such as grinding the teeth, using crowns, or changing your teeth positioning
• botulinum toxin (botox)
• specific injections into the TMJ area that trigger the body’s immune response to repair the joint

Medications that can help with vertigo include:

• vestibular rehabilitation training (VRT), which refers to exercises for people with dizziness to help with balancing
• drugs like prochlorperazine and antihistamines

Note:

If you take any of the above medications, speak with your doctor about how to take them and for how long. They can be addictive or lead to severe side effects.

Was this helpful?

If you’re experiencing dizziness or vertigo due to a TMD, talk with a doctor. Dizziness can be a symptom of many different conditions, so it’s crucial to have an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

A doctor may recommend lifestyle changes like avoiding certain foods or activities that could be causing your symptoms. They may also suggest physical therapy or other treatments. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying problem.

If you cannot completely open or close your jaw or have persistent pain, talk with a doctor or dentist. They can help you understand why it’s happening and how to treat it.

TMDs have a vast range of symptoms, including dizziness or vertigo. There are numerous ways to treat both conditions, including home remedies, medications, and surgery.

If you have any persistent pain or frequent episodes of dizziness, it is essential that you speak with a doctor or dentist. They can provide a proper diagnosis and determine if you have a TMD or an underlying condition.

Treatment of TMJ dysfunction – diagnostics, methods and prices in Moscow

TMJ dysfunction – disruption of the temporomandibular joint, partial or complete loss of its functions. Accompanied by pain, restriction of movement of the jaws when opening the mouth, chewing, talking. It is difficult to treat due to the variety of symptoms and causes. In our Center, this complex problem is successfully solved by candidates of medical sciences , doctors with specialized training in gnatology and practical experience of 11 years.

TMJ dysfunction syndrome – what is it?

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the movable lower jaw and the fixed temporal bone of the upper jaw. There are two such joints – located on both sides of the skull in front of the ears. Each consists of a temporal fossa above and an articular head (mandible) below. Between them is the articular disc, which softens the friction of the articular surfaces during the movement of the lower jaw.

The main assistants of the joints are chewing muscles, which help to move the lower jaw relative to the upper one, as well as to keep it in the correct anatomical position, while easing the load on the joint.

Joints are quite mobile, work synchronously, provide:

• jaw movements, typical for conversation;
• movement of the jaw during chewing;
• maximum mouth opening, e.g. when yawning.

Normally, all elements of the system provide an easy, smooth, silent movement. But if there are changes in the articular surfaces and (or) the muscles that are attached to the joints, the whole system fails. There is a violation of the mobility of the joint or its dysfunction (one or two at once).

Causes of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint

The main causes of TMJ dysfunction can be divided into several categories:

Dental

Lead to dysfunction of the joint due to physiologically incorrect closure of the jaws (occlusion) and their interaction in general:

• Injuries of the lower jaw
• Malocclusion
• Inadequate prosthetics
• Partial or total absence of teeth

Myogenic

Lead to increased stress on the joint and development of TMJ dysfunction in the jaw muscles (muscle dysfunction):

• Prolonged mechanical tension of facial muscles
• Hypertonicity of masticatory muscles due to bruxism
• Excessive muscle tension due to entrapment of the facial nerve

Diseases of the joint

Progressive pathologies affect the TMJ and impair its functions:

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Inflammatory processes of the articular surface of infectious etiology

Anatomical factors

Increase the likelihood of TMJ dysfunction:

• Congenital anomalies of the structure of the lower jaw, pathologically low alveolar processes
• Anatomical discrepancy between the temporal fossa and the articular head, incorrect position of the disc at their articulation

Characteristic symptoms and signs

TMJ destruction is characterized by:

Pain tends to increase during speech, eating or yawning, when the range of motion of the lower jaw increases.

Symptoms characteristic of the manifestation of the destructive process in the joint may be pronounced or blurred. This is typical for a protracted chronic process. There are also likely periods of remission, followed by exacerbations – the symptoms can appear sharply against the background of emotional experiences.

The general condition also deteriorates, :

Less typical symptoms should also be treated with caution :

Treatment of TMJ dysfunction must be immediate !

Due to the variety of symptoms and lack of understanding which doctor to contact, a person comes to a competent specialist with an advanced chronic form that accompanies him for many years and reduces the quality of life with debilitating manifestations. And without timely therapeutic measures, the onset of complete or partial ankylosis (immobilization of the jaw), which is difficult to treat, is possible.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich

Chief Physician and Founder of the Doctor Levin Medical Center

Who treats TMJ pain dysfunction and how?

The complexity of the situation is the lack of competent specialists in this field. Disappointed patients often turn to our Center after a long walk through various clinics from one doctor to another, who already have a huge number of pictures and tests on their hands, but have not received the long-awaited relief.

Few people know that degenerative processes in the joint of the lower jaw are treated by a gnathologist. Orthopedic dentists or orthodontists who have undergone special gnathological training can also be treated.

For help! Gnathology is a branch of medicine that studies the relationship of all elements of the dental system (jaw bones, ligaments, muscles, joints) and the treatment of pathologies that violate this physiologically correct interaction.

After diagnosing, the doctor will determine the causes of failures, suggest the most optimal ways to ensure a balanced operation of the entire system. Having outlined the methods of correction, he will also control the course of treatment.

Also, to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapeutic measures, consultation or direct participation of doctors may be required:

• Traumatologist – in case of displacement of the temporomandibular joint due to injury
• Neurologist – in case of infringement of the facial nerve or involvement in the process of nerve endings of nearby tissues and organs.
• Psychologist – if the destruction in the joint was formed due to prolonged tension of the muscles of the face due to psychological trauma or stress.

Diagnosis of the joint of the lower jaw

Diagnostics of the pathology of the joint, volumetric and multi-stage. Includes a set of examinations:

Primary history taking and examination

• Finding out the characteristics of the patient’s life – the specifics of work, the presence of chronic diseases, psycho-emotional background
• Questioning the patient about the probable cause of pathological changes in the jaw – trauma, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, past dental history, the presence of neurological pathologies
• Visual inspection of the external surface of the projection of the joint and oral cavity, if possible
• Palpation examination of the joints, which helps to detect muscle tension, swelling and displacement
• Listening to sounds when opening the mouth, which may be clicks or pops
• Determining the amplitude of jaw mobility, identifying the range of possible movements
• External bite test
• The doctor also draws up a photo protocol – takes a photo of the face and intraoral photographs.

The gnatologist also performs a general posture assessment, as TMJ disorders are directly related to skeletal changes in general.

Functional and computer diagnostics

Impressions are taken, diagnostic models are made to analyze the relationship between the upper and lower dentitions when they are closed, to establish contacts of teeth on opposite rows.

The most informative diagnostic methods for suspected TMJ dysfunction are:

• 3D computed tomography (CT) . Allows you to explore the bone structures of the joint and jaws.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . It is carried out to study the soft elements of the joint (cartilage, capsule, bone marrow).

The results of a comprehensive study help to determine the severity of the pathology, draw up a plan and sequence of treatment, and the need to involve narrow specialists.

Treatment of diseases of the temporomandibular joint

Methods of therapeutic measures are selected depending on the degree of the pathological process and the causes of its occurrence. But the basic principle and sequence of treatment of TMJ dysfunction is as follows:

Elimination of soreness and removal of muscle hypertonicity

Comprehensive treatment using the above methods and means, in most cases, gives a positive effect and long-term remission.

Recommended for the duration of treatment:

1. Complete exclusion of solid food, which will make it possible to maintain conditional rest for the joint
2. Maximum restriction of mobility – you can not yawn widely, open your mouth
3. Alternating warm and cold compresses
4. Performing myogymnastics, a set of exercises is selected by a doctor

Occlusion correction

Necessary for jaw occlusion disorders that have affected TMJ dysfunction. Correction is performed using braces or aligners, which are installed only after the condition improves, the pain syndrome is eliminated and muscle tone is reduced.

After a course of orthodontic treatment, the jaws take a physiologically correct position, their exact closing and contact of the teeth of the opposite row is achieved.

Restoration of missing teeth

In the absence of teeth, their restoration is mandatory. These can be bridges or implants. The second option is preferable because it solves the problem once and for all. The implant completely replaces the lost tooth – both the root and the crown part. This provides a uniform load on the jawbone, prevents its atrophy. In addition, unlike bridge prosthetics, it is not necessary to grind adjacent teeth to fix the structure.

Frequently Asked Questions from Patients

How can I distinguish symptoms of TMJ dysfunction from other diseases?

Symptoms of pathological processes in the joint are similar to manifestations of other processes:

• myocardial infarction is characterized by pain radiating to the neck, lower jaw and shoulders;
• otitis – accompanied by severe pain in the ears, hearing loss;
• violation of cerebral circulation – proceeds with the presence of dizziness, flickering flies and nausea;
• cervical and thoracic osteochondrosis – similar in localization of pain;
• infringement of the facial nerve – also due to unilateral facial muscle tension and swelling;
• complicated diseases of the gums and teeth – accompanied by inflammation and immobility of the lower jaw.

Therefore, in order to avoid making an incorrect diagnosis, our doctor carefully studies the patient’s life and illness history, conducts a visual and palpation examination, and prescribes the necessary functional and instrumental studies.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

What if the treatment does not work?

Conservative treatment does not help in cases where changes in the joint are serious. In this case, one of the types of surgical operations is performed:

• puncture of the cavity and arthroscopy of the joint;
• a small incision to eliminate pathological tissue, adjust the location of the cartilaginous disc and condyle;
• intra-articular intervention in the presence of a tumor process, bone fragments and destruction of bone tissue.

The type of surgical intervention is determined by a council of doctors after all the necessary studies confirming its expediency.

Dmitry Levin
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

Levin Dmitry Valerievich

Author of the article. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

Published: 06/09/2022

Updated: 06/06/2023

Treatment of bruxism in adults, prices at the CPS Dr. Levin in Moscow

Bruxism – involuntary grinding of teeth due to muscle spasm, often manifests itself in sleep. Constant trauma to the teeth and soft tissues around them leads to pathological abrasion of enamel, gum disease, loosening and loss of teeth, problems with the jaw joint, and against this background – to a general deterioration in health. The treatment of pathology in our Center is complex , it includes the elimination of the cause, only then – the consequences.

Causes of bruxism

The occurrence of the disease is explained by combined disorders of various systems in the body – digestive, nervous, endocrine.

The main groups of causes of bruxism are distinguished:

Dental

Patients have:

• Partial loss of teeth with dentition defects
• Gingival inflammation and loose teeth, periodontitis
• Bite anomalies
• Poorly fitted braces and dentures
• Pain and limitation of mobility in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

In all these cases, there is a violation of the contact between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws, the chewing load is distributed unevenly, the muscles of the face are overstrained and spasmodic.

Osteopathic

It is traditionally believed that the bones of the human skull are mobile only at birth and in early childhood. Proponents of osteopathy believe that in adults they are also in motion and perform from 8 to 12 contractions and expansions per minute. Osteopaths call such cycles the “breath of life” or the cranio-sacral rhythm. It can be broken and block the cranial sutures in case of birth injuries, complicated childbirth, malocclusion.

Bruxism is an unsuccessful attempt by the nervous and muscular systems to remove the blockage and return the “breath of life”. Osteopaths consider the installation of prostheses connecting the left and right halves of the skull to be incorrect – they also provoke spasmodic contraction of the facial muscles.

Psychological

Symptoms of the disease first appear after a sharp change in emotional state – stress or a difficult life situation. Constant psychological stress leads to muscle strain.

Tendency to depression, anxiety clearly correlates with the presence of night gnashing: in ¾ of the patients of the departments of neuroses, masticatory muscle dysfunctions are found.

Personality type, human temperament also affect the appearance of the disease: in choleric patients with increased irritability and aggressive mood, pathology of the facial muscles is not uncommon.

Neurogenic

Bruxism is closely related to the pathology of the nervous system. It is often accompanied by sleep apnea, snoring, nightmares, somnambulism. Chronic diseases are also detected – parkinsonism, epilepsy, enuresis, dementia. A thorough examination reveals a violation of the transmission of impulses along the nerve fibers.

Effective treatment of these conditions results in marked improvement in the symptoms of bruxism.

Pathological manifestations also develop with an incorrect lifestyle (disturbance of the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness, the influence of harmful production factors), the presence of bad habits (nicotine, alcohol addiction and drug addiction), diseases of internal organs, chronic eating disorders.

Complications

Frequent bouts of bruxism with constant trauma to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity cause premature wear of the teeth, inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.

Increased abrasion of teeth

Under natural conditions, age-related changes in tooth enamel occur – it gradually wears off on chewing and cutting surfaces. Teeth adapt to loads and continue to function. Pathological abrasion in bruxism affects not only the enamel, but also the dentin, and further exposes the pulp. The crown of the tooth is completely destroyed.

Naturally, problems appear :

Against the background of a decrease in bite, the formation of senile facial features with disturbed proportions occurs – a reduced size of the lower jaw, asymmetry of the face.

TMJ dysfunction

Manifested by partial or complete inability to chew and speak clearly.

Warning signs: soreness of the masticatory muscles, tension and increased tone, rapid fatigue of the muscular apparatus during eating.

If untreated, the disease progresses :

Repeated episodes of bruxism lead to difficulties in orthopedic and orthodontic treatment – the installed prostheses quickly collapse, so most methods of restoring the dentition are not available to such patients. Before making a decision on prosthetics, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the provoking factor.

Bruxism is a complex pathology, but is not a sentence

The disease has many causes and consequences, but a competent approach to diagnosis and treatment allows you to get rid of it and avoid dangerous consequences.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich

Chief Physician and Founder of Doctor Levin

Which doctor should I contact?

Initially, a consultation with a gnatologist or an orthopedic dentist or orthodontist with gnathological training is necessary to establish a diagnosis and select a treatment strategy. Gnathology is the science of the interaction of all components of the dentition. He studies and treats diseases associated with disruption of the jaws, masticatory muscles, ligaments, and joints.

Gnathologist finds causes of bruxism, plans dental treatment. If necessary, the doctor refers the patient to a specialist. It can be:

• Neurologist – detects abnormal brain activity, the presence of hidden epileptic foci and other organic brain lesions.
• Psychiatrist — notices disturbances in the psycho-emotional state and corrects manifestations of depression.

Allied professionals prescribe sedatives, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, and multivitamins.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bruxism is complex and multilevel, includes:

How to get rid of bruxism

The treatment of this pathology is complex, aimed at eliminating the identified cause and consequences in the following sequence:

1. Protection of teeth
   A special soft anti-bruxism mouth guard is made in the dental laboratory, which is worn at night and prevents tooth wear.
2. Elimination of cause
   Dental measures are taken to reduce muscle hypertonicity, antidepressants, sedatives, and vitamins are prescribed in parallel.
3. Treatment of consequences
   In case of mild tooth wear, the enamel is strengthened. In other cases, restoration with photopolymer fillings or prosthetics is carried out.

Methods of treatment at Doctor Levin Center

Night mouthguards for bruxism

At the first stage of bruxism treatment, special night mouthguards are used – relaxation splints for teeth made of low-allergenic plastic. They are installed on one or both jaws.

The main role of the mouth guard is to keep the teeth from being erased and displaced at night, when a person grinds his teeth involuntarily and does not control himself.

In case of kappa attack :

• unloads facial muscles, relaxes them;
• protects teeth from further decay.

Night mouth guard does not affect the cause of the disease and does not eliminate its consequences.

Grinding teeth

The method is used at the second stage of treatment, if the cause of the disease is found to be an incorrect ratio of the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth. In this case, contacting teeth are found and hard tissues are partially grinded off from them.

The main goal of the procedure is to create an even contact throughout the entire dentition.

After grinding :

• excessive stress on the jaw is removed;
• it is evenly distributed over all plots;
• the sharp edges of the teeth that have injured the tongue and mucous membrane are eliminated;
• the patient gets rid of minor injuries and injuries in the oral cavity.

TENS-therapy

The next stage of treatment is TENS-therapy, hardware electrical stimulation of masticatory muscles. It is needed to relax the muscles and return the correct position of the lower jaw and temporomandibular joint. The procedure is carried out before orthopedic or orthodontic treatment.

Low-frequency microcurrents increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, accelerate the outflow of stagnant venous blood.

As a result of :

• muscle spasm is removed, the elasticity of muscle fibers is restored;
• eliminates TMJ dysfunction and increased masticatory muscle tone;
• jaws are perfectly closed and do not cause pain.

Splint therapy

Splint therapy can be used as an alternative to TENS stimulation or in parallel with it. This is a method of relaxing muscles and restoring normal TMJ function using an individual silicone splint. It is installed on the jaw and worn around the clock for an average of 2-6 months. The patient periodically visits the doctor to correct the position of the lining.

Relief comes already in the first days :

• masticatory muscles return to normal tone;
• shortened ligaments are stretched;
• the jaw and head of the joint return to the physiological position;
• headaches and muscle spasms quickly decrease;
• reduces discomfort in the cervical region.

Botulinum therapy

Neuroproteins (botulinum toxins) block the transmission of nerve impulses through the muscles. The drug is administered pointwise in the form of injections into certain areas of the face at the stage of eliminating the causes of bruxism. This method is necessary to relieve the tone of tense facial muscles and improve the work of the TMJ.

After one treatment :

• chewing muscles relax and become partially immobile;
• pain and tension disappear;
• it is not possible to tightly clench the jaws even with unconscious attempts.

The effect is long – up to several months.

Bite correction

After the condition improves, muscle tone decreases, they proceed to the stage of bite correction with the help of braces and aligners.

• Bracket systems – orthodontic devices with locks on the teeth, connected by a rigid arc. Before installation, she is given the correct position in the shape of the future dentition. She seeks to return to this position, being already on her teeth, putting pressure on them. The orthodontist periodically adjusts the force of pressure, and the teeth gradually move and align.
• Aligners are transparent, removable mouthguards made using computer technology for constant pressure on the dentition. Provide movement of teeth according to a pre-compiled 3D plan.

Both systems are worn for a year or more.

Restoration of teeth

When the causes of the violations are eliminated, they proceed to the final stage – restoration:

• Destroyed and worn teeth are restored using fillings and inlays, thin ceramic overlays – veneers and single prostheses-crowns. All of them protect teeth from further wear.
• Implants or bridges are made to replace missing teeth.

Implantation and prosthetics procedures are possible only if the root causes of the disease are eliminated. Otherwise, no orthopedic structure will survive and will inevitably collapse.

Effectiveness of measures

The effectiveness of treatment depends on the timely initiation of therapy.

• In the initial stages of the disease, grinding teeth, taking medications and several TENS sessions is enough for recovery.
• With a long course of the disease, when the teeth are destroyed and numerous complications appear, all components of the complex will be required, incl. expensive prosthetics of all teeth.

Signs and symptoms requiring a visit to a doctor

An attentive patient notices symptoms that should immediately come to the clinic:

A visit to the clinic cannot be postponed for a long time: a visit to the doctor must be timely in order to prevent serious consequences, problems with stiffness of the jaw joint and instability of the cervical spine, respectively, long and financially expensive treatment.

Patient FAQ

Can implants be used for bruxism?

You can, because the restoration of lost teeth is an obligatory stage of treatment. The only condition is to preliminarily conduct an in-depth diagnosis and eliminate muscle spasm. When bruxism is indicated, even after restoration of muscle tone, additional measures are taken to increase the strength of structures on implants.

Levin Dmitry Valerievich
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, chief physician of the Center

What can be done to prevent the development of bruxism?

If a person or his relatives have noticed at least single symptoms of bruxism, you need to undergo a diagnosis. The doctor will voice a plan on how to comprehensively approach the problem and eliminate it.

It is worth coordinating self-help measures with a specialist: before going to bed, carry out a light massage of the chin and temples, do exercises to relax the muscles.