What are the common side effects of a total hysterectomy. How long does recovery typically take after the procedure. What are the potential long-term impacts of a hysterectomy on a woman’s health. How can patients manage post-operative symptoms and ensure a smooth recovery.

Types of Hysterectomy Procedures: What You Need to Know

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus. There are several types of hysterectomy procedures, each with its own implications for a patient’s health and recovery:

• Total hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus and cervix
• Supracervical (subtotal or partial) hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus while preserving the cervix
• Radical hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, cervix, and surrounding support tissue
• Hysterectomy with oophorectomy: Removal of the uterus and one or both ovaries
• Hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy: Removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

The choice of procedure depends on the underlying medical condition and the patient’s individual circumstances. Doctors may recommend a hysterectomy for various reasons, including endometriosis, uterine fibroids, gynecologic cancer, abnormal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, pelvic organ prolapse, or genetic predisposition to certain cancers.

Immediate Post-Operative Effects: What to Expect After Surgery

In the days and weeks following a hysterectomy, patients typically experience a range of side effects as their bodies begin to heal. These may include:

• Pain and discomfort around the surgical site
• Vaginal bleeding and discharge
• Constipation
• Fatigue
• Difficulty urinating

Is pain after a hysterectomy normal. Yes, it is common to experience some degree of pain following the procedure. However, your doctor will provide pain management strategies, which may include prescription medications, to help you stay comfortable during recovery.

Managing Post-Operative Symptoms

To aid in recovery and minimize discomfort, patients are advised to:

1. Wear loose, comfortable clothing
2. Keep the surgical area clean and dry
3. Use sanitary pads for vaginal discharge
4. Take prescribed medications as directed
5. Engage in light exercise, such as short walks
6. Get plenty of rest
7. Avoid lifting heavy objects for several weeks

Recovery Timeline: How Long Until You’re Back to Normal?

The recovery period following a hysterectomy can vary depending on the type of procedure and individual factors. Generally, patients can expect:

• 3-4 weeks for recovery from a vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy
• 4-6 weeks for recovery from an abdominal hysterectomy
• Restrictions on driving for approximately 2 weeks
• Limitations on lifting heavy objects for up to 6 weeks
• Potential fatigue for the first 6 weeks
• Spotting and vaginal discharge for up to 8 weeks
• Restrictions on vaginal insertion for 8 weeks

How can patients ensure a smooth recovery process. It’s crucial to follow your doctor’s post-operative instructions carefully, attend all follow-up appointments, and communicate any concerns or unusual symptoms promptly.

Long-Term Effects of Hysterectomy: Understanding the Impact

The long-term effects of a hysterectomy can vary depending on whether the ovaries were removed and the patient’s age at the time of surgery. Some potential long-term impacts include:

Hysterectomy without Oophorectomy

Even when the ovaries are preserved, some studies suggest that a hysterectomy may potentially accelerate the onset of menopause. This could be due to changes in blood supply to the ovaries following surgery. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relationship.

Hysterectomy with Oophorectomy

When the ovaries are removed along with the uterus, patients who have not yet reached menopause will experience immediate surgical menopause. This can lead to a range of symptoms due to the sudden drop in estrogen levels:

• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Vaginal dryness
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood changes
• Weight gain
• Hair loss
• Skin changes
• Urinary incontinence
• Decreased bone density
• Cardiovascular changes

How can patients manage these menopausal symptoms. For premenopausal women who undergo oophorectomy, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be recommended to alleviate symptoms and protect against some long-term health risks associated with early menopause.

Psychological and Emotional Impacts: Coping with Life After Hysterectomy

While often overlooked, the psychological and emotional effects of a hysterectomy can be significant for many women. These may include:

• Feelings of loss or grief, particularly related to fertility
• Changes in body image and self-esteem
• Anxiety about sexual function and relationships
• Mood swings and irritability (especially if experiencing surgical menopause)
• Relief from chronic symptoms that led to the hysterectomy

How can women address the emotional challenges following a hysterectomy. It’s important to seek support from healthcare providers, mental health professionals, support groups, and loved ones. Open communication about feelings and concerns can help in processing the emotional aspects of this significant life change.

Sexual Function After Hysterectomy: What Changes to Expect

Many women have concerns about how a hysterectomy might affect their sexual function. While experiences can vary, some potential changes include:

• Temporary decrease in libido during recovery
• Changes in sensation during intercourse
• Potential improvement in sexual function due to relief from previous symptoms
• Vaginal dryness (particularly if ovaries were removed)
• Shortened vaginal length (in some cases)

Can women still enjoy a satisfying sex life after a hysterectomy. Yes, many women report maintaining or even improving their sexual satisfaction following a hysterectomy, especially once they have fully recovered and any underlying conditions causing pain or discomfort have been addressed. Open communication with partners and healthcare providers is key to addressing any concerns.

Potential Risks and Complications: What Patients Should Be Aware Of

As with any major surgery, hysterectomy carries certain risks and potential complications. These may include:

• Infection at the surgical site or urinary tract
• Excessive bleeding
• Adverse reactions to anesthesia
• Blood clots
• Damage to surrounding organs (bladder, intestines, etc.)
• Pelvic floor weakness or prolapse
• Chronic pain
• Early onset of menopause (if ovaries are removed)

How can patients minimize their risk of complications. Following pre-operative instructions, choosing an experienced surgeon, and adhering to post-operative care guidelines can help reduce the risk of complications. It’s crucial to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider and report any unusual symptoms promptly during recovery.

Long-Term Health Considerations

Depending on the type of hysterectomy and whether the ovaries are removed, patients may need to be aware of potential long-term health implications:

• Increased risk of osteoporosis (if ovaries are removed before natural menopause)
• Potential increased risk of cardiovascular disease (for women who undergo early menopause due to oophorectomy)
• Changes in urinary and bowel function
• Potential impact on pelvic floor strength

How can women protect their long-term health after a hysterectomy. Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and discussing preventive measures with healthcare providers are essential for monitoring and protecting long-term health following a hysterectomy.

Alternative Treatments: Exploring Options Before Hysterectomy

While a hysterectomy may be necessary in some cases, it’s important for patients to discuss all available options with their healthcare providers. Depending on the underlying condition, alternative treatments may include:

• Medication management (e.g., hormonal treatments for endometriosis or fibroids)
• Minimally invasive procedures (e.g., endometrial ablation for heavy bleeding)
• Uterine artery embolization for fibroids
• Myomectomy (removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus)
• Pelvic floor physical therapy for certain types of pelvic pain
• Watchful waiting for conditions that may resolve on their own

Are there situations where a hysterectomy is the only option. In cases of certain cancers, severe uterine prolapse, or when other treatments have failed to provide relief from debilitating symptoms, a hysterectomy may be the most appropriate course of action. However, the decision should always be made in consultation with healthcare providers, considering the individual’s overall health, age, and personal preferences.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

When considering a hysterectomy or discussing post-operative care, patients should feel empowered to ask their healthcare providers questions such as:

1. Why is a hysterectomy recommended in my case?
2. Are there any alternative treatments I should consider?
3. What type of hysterectomy is best for my situation?
4. Will my ovaries be removed, and what are the implications?
5. What can I expect during the recovery period?
6. How might this surgery affect my long-term health and quality of life?
7. What steps can I take to ensure the best possible outcome?
8. How will this surgery impact my sexual function and fertility?
9. What are the potential risks and complications specific to my case?
10. Will I need hormone replacement therapy, and if so, for how long?

By engaging in open dialogue with healthcare providers, patients can make informed decisions about their treatment options and better prepare for life after a hysterectomy.

Advances in Hysterectomy Procedures: Minimally Invasive Options

As surgical techniques continue to evolve, more patients are benefiting from minimally invasive hysterectomy procedures. These advanced approaches often result in faster recovery times, less pain, and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery. Some of these techniques include:

• Laparoscopic hysterectomy: Small incisions are made in the abdomen, and specialized instruments are used to remove the uterus
• Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy: Similar to laparoscopic surgery, but with the added precision of robotic technology
• Vaginal hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through the vagina, leaving no external incisions
• Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: Combines laparoscopic and vaginal approaches

How do minimally invasive procedures compare to traditional hysterectomy. While not suitable for all cases, minimally invasive hysterectomies typically offer benefits such as shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, less scarring, and reduced risk of certain complications. However, the best approach depends on individual factors and should be determined in consultation with a gynecologic surgeon.

Technological Advancements in Hysterectomy

Recent years have seen significant technological advancements in hysterectomy procedures, including:

1. Improved imaging techniques for more precise surgery
2. Enhanced surgical instruments for better tissue handling
3. Advanced energy devices for improved hemostasis
4. Refinements in anesthesia and pain management protocols
5. Better post-operative care strategies for faster recovery

These innovations continue to improve patient outcomes and expand the options available to women requiring hysterectomy.

Life After Hysterectomy: Embracing a New Chapter

While a hysterectomy is a significant life event, many women report improved quality of life following the procedure, especially when it resolves chronic health issues. Here are some positive aspects that women often experience:

• Relief from symptoms that led to the hysterectomy (e.g., pain, heavy bleeding)
• Improved sexual function due to absence of pain or discomfort
• No more concerns about unwanted pregnancy
• Freedom from menstrual cycles and associated symptoms
• Reduced anxiety about certain gynecological cancers
• Opportunity to focus on overall health and well-being

How can women make the most of their post-hysterectomy life. Embracing a healthy lifestyle, staying informed about post-hysterectomy health needs, maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, and seeking support when needed can all contribute to a positive post-hysterectomy experience.

Ongoing Health Maintenance

After a hysterectomy, it’s important for women to continue prioritizing their health through:

1. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers
2. Bone density screenings (especially if ovaries were removed)
3. Cardiovascular health assessments
4. Pelvic floor exercises
5. Healthy diet and regular exercise
6. Stress management techniques
7. Hormone therapy if prescribed

By staying proactive about their health, women can ensure they thrive in their post-hysterectomy lives.

Understanding the various aspects of hysterectomy, from types of procedures to recovery and long-term effects, empowers women to make informed decisions about their health. While the prospect of undergoing a hysterectomy can be daunting, advances in medical technology and surgical techniques continue to improve outcomes and reduce risks. By working closely with healthcare providers, seeking support when needed, and maintaining a proactive approach to post-operative health, women can successfully navigate the challenges and embrace the benefits of life after hysterectomy.

Recovery and long term impact

During recovery from hysterectomy a person may experience pain, bleeding, and constipation. There may also be menopause-type symptoms, such as hot flashes. However, the side effects can depend on the type of procedure and reason for surgery.

A hysterectomy is a surgery that removes the uterus. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), a doctor may recommend a hysterectomy if a person has:

• endometriosis
• uterine fibroids
• gynecologic cancer
• abnormal bleeding
• chronic pain in the pelvis

A doctor may also perform a hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse, and genetic diseases that make some cancer more likely, such as Lynch syndrome.

In this article, we focus on hysterectomies for gynecological reasons and explain:

• types of hysterectomy
• side effects of each one
• potential risks and complications
• questions to ask a doctor

Share on PinterestWearing loose clothing and keeping the surgical area clean and dry can aid recovery after a hysterectomy.

According to ACOG, there are three broad types of hysterectomy:

• Total hysterectomy: This surgery involves the complete removal of the uterus and cervix.
• Supracervical hysterectomy: During this procedure, surgeons remove the uterus but not the cervix. A doctor may also refer to this procedure as a subtotal or partial hysterectomy.
• Radical hysterectomy: This surgery removes the uterus, cervix, and surrounding support tissue. Doctors often recommend this type of hysterectomy for people with cancer.

Additionally, a hysterectomy with oophorectomy is when surgeons remove the uterus and one or both ovaries during the same surgery.

A hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy involves removing the fallopian tubes.

Also, surgeons can perform a hysterectomy in several different ways. They may remove the organs through the abdomen, or they may remove them through the vagina.

A laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy involves a surgeon performing part of the surgery through the abdomen but removing the uterus through the vagina, combining both approaches.

It is common for people to experience pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge, and constipation after a hysterectomy. Pain medication and using sanitary pads can help with these side effects.

What other short-term side effects a person may experience depend on the type of hysterectomy they have.

Hysterectomy without oophorectomy

A hysterectomy that does not involve ovary removal may still affect the ovaries.

According to a 2020 review, research studies have found some evidence suggesting that some hysterectomies that spare the ovaries may speed up the onset of menopause.

A small, older study from 2006 found that hysterectomies may affect blood supply to the ovaries, which is one theory for why this could happen.

However, the evidence for this is still very mixed and dependent on the type of hysterectomy and what organs and surrounding tissues the surgeon removes.

Scientists are still investigating the long-term effects of hysterectomies and need to do further studies on the impact hysterectomies on ovarian function.

Hysterectomy with oophorectomy

If a person has undergone a hysterectomy with oophorectomy, this means they no longer have ovaries.

The ovaries produce the hormone estrogen. Without these organs, a person who had not undergone menopause already will experience menopause symptoms.

These side effects of hysterectomy with oophorectomy include:

• hot flashes
• night sweats
• vaginal dryness
• difficulty sleeping
• mood swings and irritability
• weight gain
• hair loss
• dry skin
• incontinence
• loss of bone density
• rapid heartbeat

The duration of these symptoms will vary from person to person. Due to the sudden drop in estrogen, people who have had an oophorectomy may experience exaggerated symptoms.

A doctor can prescribe hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to reduce menopause symptoms for people who are premenopausal.

According to the Office on Women’s Health, it typically takes 3–4 weeks to recover from a vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy.

It may take 4–6 weeks to recover from an abdominal hysterectomy.

A person’s age and overall health also influence their recovery time.

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute say that after a hysterectomy, an individual:

• cannot drive for 2 weeks
• cannot lift objects heavier than a bag of groceries for 6 weeks
• may experience fatigue for the first 6 weeks
• may see spotting and vaginal discharge for 8 weeks
• cannot insert anything into the vagina for 8 weeks

A person can aid their recovery by:

• doing light exercise, such as walking
• getting plenty of rest
• keeping any surgical incisions clean and dry
• avoiding tight clothing
• checking incisions regularly for signs of infection
• avoiding water directly hitting an incision in the shower
• gently cleaning the area
• taking prescribed medications correctly

A person will typically stay in the hospital for 1–2 days following the procedure before returning home to recover. This time can vary depending on the type of hysterectomy. Abdominal surgery may require a stay of 2–3 days.

If someone has a hysterectomy due to cancer, they may need to stay for longer.

According to ACOG, the risks of an abdominal hysterectomy include:

• infection
• wound bleeding
• blood clots
• nerve or tissue damage

Vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomies typically have a lower risk for complications. However, any type of hysterectomy can potentially cause these problems.

According to a 2018 study, having a hysterectomy before 35 years of age also increases a person’s risk factor for several medical conditions, including:

• 14% increased risk of lipid abnormalities
• 13% increased risk of high blood pressure
• 18% increased risk of obesity
• 33% increased risk of coronary artery disease
• 4.6-fold increased risk of congestive heart failure
• 2.5-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease

In addition to physical changes, a person who undergoes a hysterectomy may also experience changes in their mental health.

Hysterectomies mean a person can no longer get pregnant. For some, this causes grief and sadness, particularly if they had hoped to have more children.

A person will also not have periods anymore, which can make a female feel they have lost part of their identity or womanhood.

For others, losing their periods can be a relief. If someone has a painful or difficult health condition, their symptoms may improve, along with their quality of life.

People who do not want children may also feel relieved that they cannot become pregnant.

A study of females who underwent hysterectomies without ovary removal from 1980–2002 found that they had a 6.6% higher risk for new depression diagnoses and a 4.7% higher risk for anxiety diagnoses in the 20 years following their surgery.

The researchers are not sure why this occurred, so scientists need to carry out more research to understand this trend.

Hysterectomies are not reversible, so it is a good idea for people to ask for as much information as they need to feel confident with their decision.

Questions to ask could include:

• Will the procedure cure a condition or just treat the symptoms?
• Are there any alternatives to a hysterectomy that may help with symptoms?
• Will natural menopause improve the symptoms, and, if so, is a hysterectomy necessary?
• Could symptoms return after the procedure, and if so, what happens then?
• Is there a way to preserve eggs if I want a child in the future, via a surrogate, for example?
• What type of hysterectomy would you recommend?
• Will you remove the cervix, fallopian tubes, or surrounding tissue?
• What can I expect during and after the procedure?

According to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, a person should contact their doctor or healthcare provider if they experience any of the following symptoms after their surgery:

• heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks a pad in less than 1 hour
• foul vaginal odor
• changes in urinary frequency or inability to urinate
• fever at or above 100. 4^oF
• continuous constipation
• diarrhea
• vomiting or nausea
• swelling, pain, or tenderness around the incision
• any openings at the incision site
• chest pains or trouble breathing
• severe pain that does not improve with pain relief

Short-term hysterectomy side effects can include pain, bleeding, discharge, and constipation. A person may also temporarily experience menopause-like symptoms, such as hot flashes. These will resolve as a person recovers.

In the long term, a person may feel a sense of loss or sadness, or possibly relief following the procedure. People who have also had ovaries removed will experience menopause and may benefit from HRT.

Hysterectomies have some risks, and they also mean a person cannot become pregnant. The individual can talk to their doctor about all their options before undergoing surgery.

Recovery and long term impact

During recovery from hysterectomy a person may experience pain, bleeding, and constipation. There may also be menopause-type symptoms, such as hot flashes. However, the side effects can depend on the type of procedure and reason for surgery.

A hysterectomy is a surgery that removes the uterus. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), a doctor may recommend a hysterectomy if a person has:

• endometriosis
• uterine fibroids
• gynecologic cancer
• abnormal bleeding
• chronic pain in the pelvis

A doctor may also perform a hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse, and genetic diseases that make some cancer more likely, such as Lynch syndrome.

In this article, we focus on hysterectomies for gynecological reasons and explain:

• types of hysterectomy
• side effects of each one
• potential risks and complications
• questions to ask a doctor

Share on PinterestWearing loose clothing and keeping the surgical area clean and dry can aid recovery after a hysterectomy.

According to ACOG, there are three broad types of hysterectomy:

• Total hysterectomy: This surgery involves the complete removal of the uterus and cervix.
• Supracervical hysterectomy: During this procedure, surgeons remove the uterus but not the cervix. A doctor may also refer to this procedure as a subtotal or partial hysterectomy.
• Radical hysterectomy: This surgery removes the uterus, cervix, and surrounding support tissue. Doctors often recommend this type of hysterectomy for people with cancer.

Additionally, a hysterectomy with oophorectomy is when surgeons remove the uterus and one or both ovaries during the same surgery.

A hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy involves removing the fallopian tubes.

Also, surgeons can perform a hysterectomy in several different ways. They may remove the organs through the abdomen, or they may remove them through the vagina.

A laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy involves a surgeon performing part of the surgery through the abdomen but removing the uterus through the vagina, combining both approaches.

It is common for people to experience pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge, and constipation after a hysterectomy. Pain medication and using sanitary pads can help with these side effects.

What other short-term side effects a person may experience depend on the type of hysterectomy they have.

Hysterectomy without oophorectomy

A hysterectomy that does not involve ovary removal may still affect the ovaries.

According to a 2020 review, research studies have found some evidence suggesting that some hysterectomies that spare the ovaries may speed up the onset of menopause.

A small, older study from 2006 found that hysterectomies may affect blood supply to the ovaries, which is one theory for why this could happen.

However, the evidence for this is still very mixed and dependent on the type of hysterectomy and what organs and surrounding tissues the surgeon removes.

Scientists are still investigating the long-term effects of hysterectomies and need to do further studies on the impact hysterectomies on ovarian function.

Hysterectomy with oophorectomy

If a person has undergone a hysterectomy with oophorectomy, this means they no longer have ovaries.

The ovaries produce the hormone estrogen. Without these organs, a person who had not undergone menopause already will experience menopause symptoms.

These side effects of hysterectomy with oophorectomy include:

• hot flashes
• night sweats
• vaginal dryness
• difficulty sleeping
• mood swings and irritability
• weight gain
• hair loss
• dry skin
• incontinence
• loss of bone density
• rapid heartbeat

The duration of these symptoms will vary from person to person. Due to the sudden drop in estrogen, people who have had an oophorectomy may experience exaggerated symptoms.

A doctor can prescribe hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to reduce menopause symptoms for people who are premenopausal.

According to the Office on Women’s Health, it typically takes 3–4 weeks to recover from a vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy.

It may take 4–6 weeks to recover from an abdominal hysterectomy.

A person’s age and overall health also influence their recovery time.

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute say that after a hysterectomy, an individual:

• cannot drive for 2 weeks
• cannot lift objects heavier than a bag of groceries for 6 weeks
• may experience fatigue for the first 6 weeks
• may see spotting and vaginal discharge for 8 weeks
• cannot insert anything into the vagina for 8 weeks

A person can aid their recovery by:

• doing light exercise, such as walking
• getting plenty of rest
• keeping any surgical incisions clean and dry
• avoiding tight clothing
• checking incisions regularly for signs of infection
• avoiding water directly hitting an incision in the shower
• gently cleaning the area
• taking prescribed medications correctly

A person will typically stay in the hospital for 1–2 days following the procedure before returning home to recover. This time can vary depending on the type of hysterectomy. Abdominal surgery may require a stay of 2–3 days.

If someone has a hysterectomy due to cancer, they may need to stay for longer.

According to ACOG, the risks of an abdominal hysterectomy include:

• infection
• wound bleeding
• blood clots
• nerve or tissue damage

Vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomies typically have a lower risk for complications. However, any type of hysterectomy can potentially cause these problems.

According to a 2018 study, having a hysterectomy before 35 years of age also increases a person’s risk factor for several medical conditions, including:

• 14% increased risk of lipid abnormalities
• 13% increased risk of high blood pressure
• 18% increased risk of obesity
• 33% increased risk of coronary artery disease
• 4.6-fold increased risk of congestive heart failure
• 2.5-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease

In addition to physical changes, a person who undergoes a hysterectomy may also experience changes in their mental health.

Hysterectomies mean a person can no longer get pregnant. For some, this causes grief and sadness, particularly if they had hoped to have more children.

A person will also not have periods anymore, which can make a female feel they have lost part of their identity or womanhood.

For others, losing their periods can be a relief. If someone has a painful or difficult health condition, their symptoms may improve, along with their quality of life.

People who do not want children may also feel relieved that they cannot become pregnant.

A study of females who underwent hysterectomies without ovary removal from 1980–2002 found that they had a 6.6% higher risk for new depression diagnoses and a 4.7% higher risk for anxiety diagnoses in the 20 years following their surgery.

The researchers are not sure why this occurred, so scientists need to carry out more research to understand this trend.

Hysterectomies are not reversible, so it is a good idea for people to ask for as much information as they need to feel confident with their decision.

Questions to ask could include:

• Will the procedure cure a condition or just treat the symptoms?
• Are there any alternatives to a hysterectomy that may help with symptoms?
• Will natural menopause improve the symptoms, and, if so, is a hysterectomy necessary?
• Could symptoms return after the procedure, and if so, what happens then?
• Is there a way to preserve eggs if I want a child in the future, via a surrogate, for example?
• What type of hysterectomy would you recommend?
• Will you remove the cervix, fallopian tubes, or surrounding tissue?
• What can I expect during and after the procedure?

According to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, a person should contact their doctor or healthcare provider if they experience any of the following symptoms after their surgery:

• heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks a pad in less than 1 hour
• foul vaginal odor
• changes in urinary frequency or inability to urinate
• fever at or above 100. 4^oF
• continuous constipation
• diarrhea
• vomiting or nausea
• swelling, pain, or tenderness around the incision
• any openings at the incision site
• chest pains or trouble breathing
• severe pain that does not improve with pain relief

Short-term hysterectomy side effects can include pain, bleeding, discharge, and constipation. A person may also temporarily experience menopause-like symptoms, such as hot flashes. These will resolve as a person recovers.

In the long term, a person may feel a sense of loss or sadness, or possibly relief following the procedure. People who have also had ovaries removed will experience menopause and may benefit from HRT.

Hysterectomies have some risks, and they also mean a person cannot become pregnant. The individual can talk to their doctor about all their options before undergoing surgery.

procedure, recovery after surgery and consequences for the woman

10/16/2016

Contents

• Purpose of hysterectomy
• Indications for surgery
• Preparation
• Contraindications
• Procedure
• Rehabilitation
• Benefits of contacting MEDSI

Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) is one of the most frequently performed operations in gynecology. Intervention is a real test for a woman. Not surprisingly, patients experience not only the fear of the operation itself, but also depression and vulnerability, confusion and inferiority. We will try to answer all the questions that women have. We will understand how the removal of the uterus is carried out, and how life can change after such an intervention.

Purpose of hysterectomy

Surgery is performed when other treatments have failed or are inappropriate. Emergency interventions often help save the patient’s life.

Interestingly, in a number of European countries and the United States, the operation is common among women after 40–45 years of age. This is due to the fact that it makes it possible to reduce the risks of developing fibroids and tissue growth, if any, and also avoids the appearance of malignant tumors.

Indications for surgery

Hysterectomy is performed in the following pathological conditions and diseases:

• Uterine cancer. After surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also carried out
• Multiple nodules of fibroids
• Internal bleeding with risk of anemia and other life-threatening conditions
• Acute pain syndrome
• Vaginal bleeding
• Growth of uterine lining tissue in ovaries and fallopian tubes

Preparation

Before the removal of the uterus, the woman undergoes a comprehensive examination. It allows you to assess the patient’s health status and identify possible contraindications.

The following diagnostic tests are usually performed:

• Pelvic ultrasound or MRI with contrast agent
• Vaginal swab
• Endometrial biopsy

The so-called hospital complex is obligatory.

It includes:

• general and biochemical blood test
• urinalysis
• blood test for group and Rh factor, as well as infections, clotting disorders, HIV and other diseases
• fluorography
• ECG

The patient consults with a gynecologist, internist and anesthetist.

Important! If temporary (relative) contraindications to the intervention are identified, the necessary treatment is carried out. If, for example, infectious diseases are detected, the doctor prescribes antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It is very important to achieve complete recovery or remission. Otherwise, there will be a high risk of surgical and postoperative complications. In addition, existing diseases negatively affect the rehabilitation process, lengthening it.

If a cervicalectomy or other operation is performed to remove a malignant tumor, hormonal and other drugs are prescribed. They help stop tumor growth. The therapy can make it possible to reduce the size of the formation, which will positively affect the course of the intervention, reducing tissue trauma.

Contraindications

Surgery to remove the uterus is not performed if there are the following contraindications:

• low blood clotting
• arterial hypertension
• acute infectious diseases (including small pelvis)
• angina pectoris
• anemia
• diabetes mellitus
• liver failure
• kidney failure
• allergic reactions to anesthetics

Important! There are both absolute and relative contraindications to intervention. In this case, the doctor makes the final decision on the operation. If necessary, the patient is consulted by specialists of narrow profiles.

Procedure

Hysterectomy of the uterus (including appendages) is performed under general anesthesia. The intervention usually takes 1-1.5 hours.

3 methods are used to access organs:

• Laparoscopic. The intervention is carried out through punctures in the area of ​​the abdominal wall. The technique allows to reduce tissue injuries and shorten the rehabilitation period. Usually only 4 small punctures and a specialized tool are required. It is inserted into the cervical canal. First, the ligaments of the uterus are excised, and then it is removed. After that, the walls of the vagina are coagulated and sutured
• Abdominal. This operation is traditional and the most traumatic. It requires a large incision in the abdominal wall. Mandatory for standard intervention is the fixation of intestinal loops. This avoids damage to them. The cervix is ​​cut off in the inner zone of the pharynx. After that, her stump and vaginal vaults are sutured. Then drain pipes are installed. They are removed after a few days
• Transvaginal. Access is provided through an incision in the vaginal area. After that, the surgeon peels off the bladder. Then the vessels and fallopian tubes, as well as ligaments, are separated and cut. After that, the uterus is cut off. The stumps of the pipes are sewn together

There are also 3 types of hysterectomy.

Radical

It involves the removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, regional lymph nodes and fatty tissue. The operation is performed for endometriosis and cancer.

Total

This hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus with the cervix and appendages. It is prescribed for oncological diseases. The technique allows to reduce the risks of the spread of the tumor process. It is often combined with other methods of cancer therapy (chemotherapy, etc. ). Total hysterectomy can also be performed in emergency situations.

Subtotal

The cervix is ​​not removed during this operation. This intervention eliminates the risk of damage to the ureters and large vessels. It is prescribed for adhesions, pelvic endometriosis and some other pathologies.

Rehabilitation

Recovery after a hysterectomy is a lengthy process. Conventionally, rehabilitation is divided into 2 periods:

1. Early. 3-4 days after the intervention, the woman is under the control of medical personnel. The therapy is aimed at eliminating pain, preventing bleeding, restoring the body, reducing the risk of developing anemia and inflammation. The doctor also monitors the work of the intestines, the condition of the suture and the amount of discharge from the genitals. To remove fluid from the body, a urinary catheter is installed on the first day. During this time, the patient only drinks and does not eat anything. Then, low-fat broths and yogurts are gradually introduced into the diet. Eat light foods that are quickly digested. Chocolate, cabbage, legumes, corn are completely excluded, i.e. products that can cause increased gas formation and constipation. A woman should eat in small portions and at least 4-5 times a day
2. Late. With the classical method of the operation, it lasts about 1.5 months, with laparoscopic – no more than 30 days. The late rehabilitation period begins after discharge from the hospital. At this time, a woman should be attentive to her health and direct all actions towards its full recovery

There are certain recommendations that the patient should follow during rehabilitation:

• Mandatory intake of medicines prescribed by the doctor. Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, hormonal, enzymatic and general tonic agents are usually recommended
• Restriction of physical activity. It is especially important to avoid excessive pressure on the muscles of the abdomen and pelvic floor
• Do simple exercises (if recommended by a doctor)
• Refusal of sexual life. Return to it is carried out with caution. If a woman experiences discomfort, you need to contact a gynecologist. Perhaps it will prolong the period of sexual dormancy
• Healthy eating. Even after discharge from the clinic, you need to adhere to the correct diet with the restriction of alcohol, pastries, fatty foods, smoked meats, marinades
• Proper drinking regimen. A woman should drink about 1.5-2 liters of water per day. This will allow the natural detoxification of the body

Of course, the main consequence of the removal of the uterus is that the woman loses her childbearing function. Otherwise, life can remain as fulfilling as it was before.

Over time, the menstrual cycle is restored, the level of hormones returns to normal. After the removal of the uterus, even the libido can remain the same. At the same time, the ability to lead an active sex life fully returns.

Benefits of contacting MEDSI

• Experienced doctors. Our specialists are not only professionally trained to solve women’s problems, but also provide patients with an attentive and delicate approach
• Comprehensive surveys. They are carried out using modern equipment and ensure the accuracy of diagnosis and the identification of all pathologies
• Possibilities of using sparing techniques for hysterectomy of the uterus and ovaries. Operations are performed using minimally invasive methods, which increases their safety and shortens the rehabilitation period
• New high-tech equipment. It minimizes the risk of bleeding and the occurrence of complications and relapses
• Comfortable hospital stay before and after hysterectomy
• Outpatient rehabilitation and monitoring facilities

To clarify information or make an appointment, just call +7 (812) 336-33-33. Our specialist will answer all questions. Recording is also possible through the SmartMed application.

Do not delay treatment, see a doctor right now:

• Gastroenterologist appointment
• General practitioner appointment
• Gynecological appointment

Removal of the uterus – pain and complications after surgery

Complications after hysterectomy are early and late. Pain after removal of the uterus appears on the first day and is directly related to the operation. In the late period, pain syndrome may be associated with the formation of adhesions. In women, after the intervention, bleeding, suppuration of the postoperative wound may occur. If after the operation the legs begin to hurt sharply, or chest pain and shortness of breath appear, this may be evidence of pulmonary embolism or veins of the lower extremities. The slightest violations and problems that a woman feels after the operation should be reported to the attending physician.

The period after removal of the uterus, pain and other symptoms

The postoperative period for removal of the uterus is divided into early and late. During the early period, the woman stays in the hospital, under medical supervision. Then he is rehabilitated at home. The duration of recovery depends on the type of intervention. Hysterectomy is performed in several ways. The organ is removed through an incision on the anterior wall of the abdomen, through the vagina, or by laparoscopy. In the first two cases, the early postoperative period lasts 8-10 days; in the last case, the patient is discharged home already on the 3rd-5th day. Laparoscopic removal of the uterus can significantly reduce pain and other unpleasant consequences.

The first day is the most difficult in the postoperative period. After the removal of the uterus, the stomach begins to hurt, and this is a normal reaction. After all, a serious surgical intervention was performed. Hypersensitivity persists for 3-10 days. Women come out of anesthesia differently, some may experience nausea, sometimes vomiting, confusion, severe weakness, increased thirst. In the first day, most have no appetite. Also in the first days after the operation, intoxication associated with the effects of anesthesia and blood loss may occur.

Pain after surgery is relieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and narcotic analgesics. Antibiotics are mandatory to prevent bacterial infections. In the first 2-3 days, anticoagulants are prescribed to prevent thrombosis. Patients are also shown intravenous infusions of glucose and saline to relieve intoxication and replenish the volume of circulating blood. With significant blood loss, transfusion of plasma or erythrocyte mass is indicated. It is recommended to get out of bed after laparotomy after a day, and after laparoscopy – after 7-8 hours. Early activity of patients prevents the occurrence of many complications.

Complications in the early postoperative period

The early postoperative period requires constant monitoring by doctors, since it is in the first days that there is a high risk of complications. Pain after removal of the uterus may increase if there is inflammation in the area of ​​​​the sutures or a purulent complication. In this case, the skin around the wound turns red, swelling, serous or purulent discharge appears. In some cases, the seams may diverge, the healing of the postoperative wound slows down. The patient may have a fever.

A formidable complication of hysterectomy is peritonitis. Most often, it is observed during operations performed according to emergency indications, necrosis of fibromatous nodes, and the decay of cancerous tumors. The abdomen begins to hurt after removal of the uterus, its walls are tense, due to sharp pain it is difficult to palpate. The general condition of the patient worsens, the temperature rises to 39 degrees and above, symptoms of general intoxication appear. The sutures may not change, but more often in the area of ​​​​the postoperative wound there is swelling, purulent discharge, and divergence of the edges. First, conservative therapy is carried out with the use of 2-3 antibiotics, intravenous infusions. If it turned out to be ineffective, a second operation is performed.

Another complication that may occur after removal of the uterus is pain – impaired urination. It manifests itself in the form of pain, resembling the symptoms of cystitis, and is associated with trauma to the urethra during surgery. In rare cases, women experience acute urinary retention. A dangerous complication is bleeding. It can be external (from the vagina or postoperative wound) or internal. The only symptoms of massive internal bleeding may be abdominal pain, weakness, and a drop in blood pressure. Clarify the diagnosis with the help of ultrasound. To stop bleeding, anticoagulants are administered, with massive blood loss, a second operation, blood transfusion may be necessary.

If a woman begins to get sick after removal of the uterus behind the sternum, shortness of breath, tachycardia, pressure drops, this may be evidence of pulmonary embolism. The severity of the condition depends on the level of blockage. When blood clots enter small arteries, the patient’s condition deteriorates slightly, she may experience pneumonia, bronchospasm, and a heart attack in a small area of ​​the lung. When a blood clot enters a large artery, the complication can be fatal. For relief, thrombolytics, infusion therapy, oxygen masks are prescribed. Treatment is carried out in intensive care.

Pain in the legs, redness of the skin in the area of ​​the lower leg, may be associated with thrombophlebitis. This complication does not occur very often. For its prevention, anticoagulants are administered, it is recommended to wear compression underwear on the lower extremities immediately after the operation.

Pain after removal of the uterus and complications in the long term after surgery

Rehabilitation after removal of the uterus takes approximately 1.5-2 months. During this period, late complications may occur that require medical attention. Most common:

• Urinary incontinence
• Vaginal prolapse
• Fistula formation
• Chronic pain after hysterectomy

Urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse occur due to a violation of the anatomical relationship between the organs of the small pelvis and the weakening of its muscles. Women may complain of both a slight leakage of the contents of the bladder, and the complete inability to hold urine. This condition creates discomfort, limits the physical activity of a woman, leads to frequent urethritis, cystitis and even pyelonephritis. Sometimes the lower back begins to hurt after removal of the uterus, there is discomfort or a sensation of a foreign body in the perineum. These signs are symptoms of vaginal prolapse. Although in many cases the complication is asymptomatic.

Fistulas are abnormal channels that can connect the vagina to the bladder or rectum. A complication rarely occurs. The main symptoms are the discharge of feces or urine from the vagina. Removal of the uterus can cause chronic pain in the late postoperative period due to the formation of adhesions. They occur more frequently with laparotomy than with laparoscopy. The adhesive process can provoke early postoperative complications (peritonitis, suppuration of sutures, bleeding). Also, a number of patients have a genetic predisposition to the formation of adhesions and keloid scars. In such situations, the stomach can not only hurt after removal of the uterus. The adhesive process is accompanied by flatulence, constipation, urinary incontinence.

Consequences of removal of the uterus

Hysterectomy is a major operation in which one of the organs is removed, so it cannot be without consequences. They depend on the volume of surgical intervention, the presence of complications after the operation. A woman after the operation will not be able to conceive and endure a baby. If the uterus was removed along with the appendages, she has a menopause. It is associated with a sharp decrease in the amount of hormones that are synthesized in the ovaries. It can be accompanied by hot flashes, mood swings, weight gain, decreased sex drive. Removing the uterus can cause bone pain. They are also associated with hormonal changes. In menopause, the amount of calcium in the blood and bone tissue decreases, which leads to osteoporosis. To prevent these complications and relieve the symptoms of early menopause, patients are prescribed maintenance hormone therapy.

If the uterus was removed without appendages, there are no sharp hormonal disorders. The woman does not have her period, she remains infertile. If a small stump remains, minor bleeding may occur once a month. The stomach will hurt after removal of the uterus while it will be insignificant. Many patients ask if it is possible to have sex after a hysterectomy. In most cases, sexual life is not disturbed, sexual desire can persist even when the ovaries are removed. Sometimes pain after surgery during sex is associated with the surgical removal of part of the vagina and a decrease in its length. But many partners adapt to this situation, find certain positions that do not cause discomfort.

In most cases, removal of the uterus does not cause pain after 2-3 months. In addition to the above consequences, no other symptoms are observed in women. They can live normally, work, relax, and engage in moderate sports. The operation does not affect life expectancy. If the hysterectomy was due to cancer, a course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed.