Trade name for ampicillin. Ampicillin: Comprehensive Guide to Uses, Dosages, Side Effects, and Interactions
What are the main uses of ampicillin. How does ampicillin work in the body. What are the common side effects of ampicillin. What are the recommended dosages for ampicillin. How does ampicillin interact with other medications. What precautions should be taken when using ampicillin. How is ampicillin administered in different forms.
Understanding Ampicillin: A Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic
Ampicillin is a versatile broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the penicillin family. It plays a crucial role in treating various bacterial infections, making it an essential medication in both human and veterinary medicine. But what exactly is ampicillin, and how does it work?
Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This mechanism of action effectively kills susceptible bacteria, making it a powerful tool in combating infections. Its broad-spectrum nature allows it to target a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, giving healthcare providers a versatile option for treatment.
Key Features of Ampicillin:
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic
- Belongs to the penicillin family
- Semi-synthetic derivative
- Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
- Available in various formulations for different administration routes
Common Uses and Applications of Ampicillin
Ampicillin’s versatility makes it a go-to choice for treating a wide array of bacterial infections. But what specific conditions is it most commonly used to treat?
Healthcare providers prescribe ampicillin for numerous infections, including:
- Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
- Urinary tract infections
- Gastrointestinal infections
- Meningitis
- Septicemia
- Endocarditis
- Skin and soft tissue infections
In veterinary medicine, ampicillin is used to treat infections in various animals, including dogs, cats, and livestock. Its broad-spectrum nature makes it effective against many bacterial pathogens affecting different species.
Ampicillin Dosage Forms and Administration Routes
Ampicillin’s versatility extends to its various dosage forms and administration routes. What are the different ways ampicillin can be administered, and how do they affect its use?
Ampicillin is available in multiple formulations to suit different clinical needs:
- Oral forms:
- Capsules (250 mg, 500 mg)
- Tablets (250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g)
- Powder for oral suspension (125 mg/5mL, 250 mg/5mL)
- Injectable forms:
- Powder for solution (250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g vials)
- Ready-to-use solution
- Other forms:
- Ophthalmic ointment
- Oral solution/drops
The choice of formulation depends on factors such as the type and severity of infection, patient age, and overall health status. Injectable forms are typically used for more severe infections or when oral administration is not feasible.
Mechanism of Action: How Ampicillin Fights Bacterial Infections
Understanding how ampicillin works in the body is crucial for appreciating its effectiveness. So, what is the specific mechanism by which ampicillin combats bacterial infections?
Ampicillin’s mechanism of action involves interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the process:
- Ampicillin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall.
- This binding inhibits the final stage of peptidoglycan synthesis, a crucial component of the bacterial cell wall.
- The weakened cell wall cannot withstand the internal osmotic pressure of the bacterium.
- As a result, the bacterial cell lyses (bursts), leading to cell death.
This bactericidal action makes ampicillin effective against actively dividing bacteria. Its broad-spectrum activity allows it to target various bacterial species, making it a versatile antibiotic choice.
Ampicillin Dosages: Ensuring Effective Treatment
Proper dosing is crucial for maximizing ampicillin’s effectiveness while minimizing the risk of side effects. What are the recommended dosages for ampicillin, and how do they vary based on different factors?
Ampicillin dosages can vary widely depending on several factors:
- Type and severity of infection
- Patient age and weight
- Renal function
- Route of administration
Here are some general dosage guidelines for adults:
- Oral: 250-500 mg every 6 hours
- Intramuscular/Intravenous: 500 mg to 3 g every 4-6 hours
For children, dosages are typically based on body weight. It’s important to note that these are general guidelines, and actual dosages should be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient factors and the specific infection being treated.
Special Dosing Considerations:
- Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with kidney problems.
- Severe infections: Higher doses or more frequent administration may be required.
- Prophylaxis: Lower doses may be used for preventing infections in certain situations.
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Ampicillin
While ampicillin is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects in some patients. What are the most common side effects associated with ampicillin use, and how can they be managed?
Common side effects of ampicillin include:
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Skin rashes
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Candidiasis (oral or vaginal yeast infections)
More severe, but less common, side effects may include:
- Anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
- Blood disorders (e.g., anemia, thrombocytopenia)
It’s important for patients to be aware of these potential side effects and to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly. In many cases, mild side effects can be managed with supportive care or by adjusting the dosage regimen.
Drug Interactions: Ampicillin’s Impact on Other Medications
Understanding potential drug interactions is crucial for safe and effective use of ampicillin. How does ampicillin interact with other medications, and what precautions should be taken?
Ampicillin can interact with several other medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. Some notable interactions include:
- Oral contraceptives: Ampicillin may reduce their effectiveness
- Allopurinol: Increased risk of skin rash
- Probenecid: Can increase ampicillin blood levels
- Methotrexate: Ampicillin may increase its toxicity
- Warfarin: Potential for increased anticoagulant effect
Healthcare providers should carefully review a patient’s medication history before prescribing ampicillin. In some cases, dosage adjustments or alternative treatments may be necessary to avoid potential interactions.
Precautions for Safe Use:
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
- If you’re using oral contraceptives, consider using additional contraceptive methods during ampicillin treatment.
- Monitor for signs of increased bleeding if taking ampicillin with anticoagulants.
- Be aware of potential changes in the effectiveness of other medications while using ampicillin.
Ampicillin in Veterinary Medicine: Applications and Considerations
Ampicillin’s broad-spectrum activity makes it valuable in veterinary medicine as well. How is ampicillin used in animals, and what special considerations apply to its veterinary use?
In veterinary practice, ampicillin is used to treat various bacterial infections in different animal species, including:
- Dogs and cats
- Horses
- Cattle
- Swine
- Poultry
Common veterinary applications include:
- Respiratory infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Gastrointestinal infections
Veterinary use of ampicillin requires special considerations:
- Species-specific dosing: Dosages can vary significantly between different animal species.
- Route of administration: Oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes may be used depending on the species and condition being treated.
- Withdrawal periods: For food-producing animals, appropriate withdrawal periods must be observed to ensure food safety.
- Resistance concerns: Judicious use is essential to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens.
Veterinarians must carefully consider these factors when prescribing ampicillin to ensure safe and effective treatment while adhering to regulatory guidelines and best practices in antibiotic stewardship.
Ampicillin Resistance: Challenges and Strategies
The development of antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge to the effectiveness of ampicillin and other antibiotics. What factors contribute to ampicillin resistance, and how can it be addressed?
Ampicillin resistance can occur through several mechanisms:
- Production of beta-lactamase enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic
- Alterations in penicillin-binding proteins
- Changes in bacterial cell wall permeability
- Efflux pumps that expel the antibiotic from bacterial cells
Factors contributing to the development of resistance include:
- Overuse and misuse of antibiotics
- Incomplete treatment courses
- Use of subtherapeutic doses
- Spread of resistant strains in healthcare and community settings
Strategies to address ampicillin resistance include:
- Antibiotic stewardship programs to promote appropriate use
- Development of new antibiotics and combination therapies
- Improved diagnostic techniques for rapid identification of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibilities
- Enhanced infection control measures to prevent the spread of resistant organisms
- Public education on the importance of proper antibiotic use
Healthcare providers and researchers must remain vigilant in monitoring resistance patterns and adapting treatment strategies to ensure the continued effectiveness of ampicillin and other antibiotics.
Special Populations: Ampicillin Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
The use of any medication during pregnancy and lactation requires careful consideration. What are the guidelines for ampicillin use in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
Ampicillin is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and is classified as FDA Pregnancy Category B. This means that animal studies have not shown a risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Pregnancy Considerations:
- Ampicillin crosses the placenta and can reach therapeutic levels in the fetus.
- It is often used to treat infections during pregnancy, such as urinary tract infections or group B streptococcal prophylaxis during labor.
- The benefits of treating bacterial infections during pregnancy often outweigh the potential risks.
Lactation Considerations:
- Ampicillin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts.
- It is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding.
- Potential effects on the nursing infant include modification of gut flora and allergic sensitization, although these are rare.
Healthcare providers should weigh the potential benefits and risks when prescribing ampicillin to pregnant or breastfeeding women. In many cases, the importance of treating bacterial infections outweighs the theoretical risks associated with ampicillin use.
Future Perspectives: Ampicillin in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance
As antibiotic resistance continues to be a global health concern, what is the future outlook for ampicillin? How might its role in treatment evolve in the coming years?
Despite the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance, ampicillin is likely to remain an important tool in the fight against bacterial infections. However, its use and development may evolve in several ways:
- Combination therapies: Ampicillin may be increasingly used in combination with other antibiotics or beta-lactamase inhibitors to overcome resistance mechanisms.
- Targeted use: More precise diagnostic techniques may allow for more targeted use of ampicillin, reducing unnecessary prescriptions and slowing resistance development.
- Novel formulations: Research into new drug delivery systems or modified versions of ampicillin may enhance its efficacy or reduce side effects.
- Alternate applications: Exploration of non-antibiotic uses for ampicillin, such as its potential anti-cancer properties, may open new therapeutic avenues.
- Sustainable production: Efforts to develop more environmentally friendly and cost-effective production methods for ampicillin may ensure its continued availability.
The future of ampicillin will likely involve a balance between preserving its effectiveness through judicious use and leveraging advances in medical science to enhance its therapeutic potential. Ongoing research and development efforts will be crucial in ensuring that ampicillin remains a valuable antibiotic option in the face of evolving bacterial resistance.
| Injection, solution | Intravenous | 1 g/3mL |
| Tablet, film coated | Oral | 500 mg |
| Capsule, coated | Oral | 500 mg |
| Tablet, film coated | Oral | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1.5 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | 1 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g |
| Suspension | Oral | 2.5 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | 1000 mg |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 5 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg |
| Injection, powder, for suspension | Parenteral | 500 mg |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | 500 mg |
| Capsule, coated | Oral | 250 mg |
| Tablet | Oral | 250 mg |
| Tablet | Oral | 1 g |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 2. 5 g |
| Capsule | Oral | 250 mg/1 |
| Capsule | Oral | 500 mg/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g/1mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 125 mg/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg/1mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg/1mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 1 g/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 10 g/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 10 g/100mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 2 g/1mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 2 g/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 250 mg/1 |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | 500 mg/1 |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g/1g |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g/2g |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg/250mg |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg/500mg |
| Suspension | Oral | 125 mg/5mL |
| Suspension | Oral | 25 mg/1mL |
| Suspension | Oral | 250 mg/5mL |
| Suspension | Oral | 50 mg/1mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intravenous | |
| Injection, powder, for suspension | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 10 g / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1000 mg / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2000 mg / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg / vial |
| Suspension | Oral | |
| Tablet | Oral | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | 1 G | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 MG/2. 5ML |
| Powder | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1000 MG |
| Powder | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 MG |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular | |
| Powder, for solution | Intravenous | 2 g / vial |
| Ointment | Ophthalmic | |
| Solution / drops | Oral | |
| Injection | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | 1 G/4mL |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | 500 MG/2.5mL |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 250 MG |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 250 MG/5ML |
| Solution / drops | Oral | 2 g/20ml |
| Suspension | Oral | 3 g |
| Granule | ||
| Tablet, soluble | Oral | 250 mg |
| Injection, solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Liquid | Oral | 125 mg / 5 mL |
| Injection | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Tablet | Oral | |
| Injection | Intramuscular | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | ||
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 5000 mg |
| Tablet | Oral | 1000 mg |
| Injection, solution | Intramuscular | |
| Injection | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Tablet | Oral | 1 gr |
| Tablet | Oral | 500 mg |
| Powder, for solution | Oral | 500 mg / 5 mL |
| Powder, for solution | Oral | 125 mg / 5 mL |
| Powder, for solution | Oral | 250 mg / 5 mL |
| Suspension | Oral | 125 mg / 5 mL |
| Suspension | Oral | 250 mg / 5 mL |
| Injection | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g |
| Injection | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg |
| Injection, powder, for solution | ||
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g / vial |
| Liquid | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intravenous | 1 g / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 125 mg / vial |
| Powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 250 mg / vial |
| Syrup | ||
| Suspension | Oral | 80 ml |
| Solution / drops | Oral | 30 ml |
| Suspension | Oral | 8 ml |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | |
| Capsule; tablet | Oral | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Parenteral | |
| Capsule | Oral | |
| Capsule | Oral | 250 mg / cap |
| Capsule | Oral | 500 mg / cap |
| Powder | ||
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 1 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 2 g |
| Injection, powder, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | 500 mg |
| Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution | Intramuscular; Intravenous | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | 1 g/vial | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | 250 mg | |
| Injection, powder, for solution | 500 mg | |
| Capsule | Oral | 250 mg |
| Capsule | Oral | 500 mg |
| Powder, for suspension | Oral | 125 mg/5ml |
| Tablet | Oral | 125 mg |
| Tablet, film coated | Oral | 125 mg |
Ampicillin | VCA Animal Hospitals
What is ampicillin?
Ampicillin (brand names: Omni-Pen®, Teva-ampicillin®, Polyflex, Aminopenicillin®, Principen®, Princillin®, Totacillin®) is an antibacterial medication used to treat certain bacterial infections in small and large animals.
Its use in cats, dogs, and other small animals to treat certain conditions is ‘off label’ or ‘extra-label’. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully as their direction may be significantly different from those on the label.
How is ampicillin given?
Ampicillin trihydrate injection is given under the skin or into the muscle, but should NOT be given into the vein, as this can cause sudden death. If giving subcutaneous injections at home, use a new needle and syringe for each injection, and dispose of the needle and syringe into a proper sharps disposal container. Ampicillin sodium is given in the hospital by injection into the vein (IV).
Ampicillin is also available as a liquid oral solution, tablet, or capsule and is given by mouth. If given by mouth, give on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after feeding.
If vomiting occurs after dosing on an empty stomach, try giving future doses with food or a small treat.
This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 2 hours, but effects may not be visibly obvious for a few days.
What if I miss giving my pet the medication?
If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give it at the next scheduled time, and return to the regular dosing schedule. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses.
Are there any potential side effects?
Side effects are not common, but may include allergic reaction, lack of appetite, pain at the injection site, vomiting, and diarrhea. In dogs, incoordination is associated with very high doses. Increased breathing rate, breathing problems, swelling, increased heart rate, and elevated liver values on bloodwork have been reported. In cats, if there is a complete loss of appetite, contact your veterinarian immediately.
This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.
Ampicillin can cause false positives with certain urine glucose tests.
Are there any risk factors for this medication?
Ampicillin should not be used in patients that are hypersensitive to penicillin-type antibiotics and should be used with caution in patients that are hypersensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. Avoid use of this medication in rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, or hamsters.
Using ampicillin during pregnancy and lactation has not been shown to be problematic, but it has not been clearly established as safe. Therefore, ampicillin should be used with caution in pregnant or lactating pets, and only used when the benefits will outweigh the risks.
Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
The following medications should be used with caution when given with ampicillin: allopurinol, aminoglycosides, atenolol, bacteriostatic antimicrobials, dichlorphenamide, lanthanum, methotrexate, mycophenolate, pantoprazole, probenecid, and warfarin.
Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking.
Is there any monitoring that needs to be done with this medication?
There is no specific monitoring that needs to be done while your pet is taking this medication. Your veterinarian may monitor your pet to be sure that the medication is working.
How do I store ampicillin?
Ampicillin trihydrate powder should be stored below 25°C (77°F) with trips permitted up to 30°C (86°F), and the reconstituted suspension should be stored for up to 3 months in the refrigerator between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Tablets, capsules, and powder for oral use should be stored at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Once reconstituted, the oral suspension should be stored in the refrigerator and discarded after 14 days. It may be stored at room temperature, but in these cases, it should be discarded after 7 days.
What should I do in case of emergency?
If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.
Active substance AMPICILLIN (AMPICILLINUM) | Compendium – drug reference book
- Pharmacological properties
- Indications AMPICILLIN
- Application of AMPICILLIN
- Contraindications
- Side effects
- Special instructions
- Interactions
- Overdose
- Diagnosis
- Recommended alternatives
- Trade names
Medicinal preparations containing the active substance AMPICILLIN
Prices in pharmacies
Prices in pharmacies
Prices in pharmacies
Semi-synthetic antibiotic of the penicillin group.
It has a bactericidal effect by competitive blocking of transpeptidases involved in the synthesis of the mucopeptide, which is part of the cell membrane. Active against proliferating bacteria. Effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative microorganisms, including E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis. Ampicillin is also active against gram-positive anaerobic cocci and bacteria (Peptococcus spp., Pertosteptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium spp.). Penicillinase-forming staphylococci are resistant to ampicillin.
When taken orally, ampicillin is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach and is well absorbed in the digestive tract. Simultaneous ingestion of food reduces the absorption of the antibiotic. C max in the blood is achieved 1-2 hours after administration and slowly decreases over 6 hours.
Cmax max in blood plasma after i / m administration is reached after 1 hour.
About 28% of ampicillin binds to plasma proteins. T ½ from blood plasma is 1-2 hours, in newborns, the elderly and patients with impaired renal function may be lengthened.
Ampicillin is well distributed in tissues and body fluids. Weakly penetrates through the BBB, with meningitis its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid increases. Penetrates through the placental barrier. Small amounts are found in breast milk. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, about 20% of the antibiotic is excreted in the bile. Partially removed during hemodialysis.
infections caused by ampicillin-susceptible organisms, including bronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pyelonephritis, cystitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis, gynecological infections, biliary tract infections, digestive tract infections caused by shigella or salmonella (ampicillin is also used for sanitation of carriers), infections of the skin and soft tissues, sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, prevention of postoperative complications.
orally, IM, IV. The dose of ampicillin is set individually depending on the localization of the process and the severity of the disease.
Adults usually take 250-500 mg 4 times a day. In severe infections, the dose of ampicillin may be increased.
Children are prescribed at a dose of 50-100 mg/kg of body weight per day in 4 divided doses. Children weighing >20 kg – at the adult dose. In severe infections, the dose of ampicillin may be increased.
Duration of treatment – 7-14 days or more. Treatment with ampicillin should be continued for at least 48-72 hours after normalization of body temperature and the disappearance of symptoms of the disease. For infections caused by hemolytic streptococcus, the duration of treatment should be at least 10 days.
In renal insufficiency, the dose and interval between injections must be adjusted according to the plasma creatinine concentration.
hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics.
possible allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, candidiasis of the oral mucosa, pseudomembranous colitis (both during treatment and a few weeks after its termination), reversible disorders of hematopoiesis and, in some cases, interstitial nephritis are rarely noted.
During treatment with ampicillin, transient increases in plasma aminotransferases, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine, a false-positive glucosuric test, and a false-positive Coombs reaction may occur.
An antibiotic susceptibility test should be performed before using ampicillin. With extreme caution prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, griseofulvin or penicillamine. With long-term treatment with ampicillin, it is recommended to periodically monitor the function of the kidneys, liver and hematopoietic organs.
The possibility of superinfection caused by pathogenic fungi or resistant bacteria should be considered. With the development of superinfection, adequate therapy is prescribed.
If combined parenteral treatment with ampicillin and aminoglycoside antibiotics is required, they should be administered at different sites with an interval of 1 hour due to the risk of inactivation. Ampicillin may cause a decrease in the effectiveness of oral hormonal contraceptives.
Ampicillin in high doses reduces the level of atenolol in the blood plasma, so it is recommended to use these drugs separately, with atenolol taken before the use of ampicillin. Simultaneous use with allopurinol significantly increases the likelihood of skin rashes. Probenecid may reduce the excretion of ampicillin by the kidneys and lead to an increase in plasma concentrations.
During treatment with ampicillin, false-positive results of non-enzymatic glucosuric tests may be determined.
symptomatic treatment. In patients with impaired renal function, antibiotics such as ampicillin can be removed by hemodialysis, but not by peritoneal dialysis.
Instructions for use of the medicinal product for specialists Ampicillin (approved by order of the Chairman of the Pharmacy Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 19April 2007 No. 67)
Approved
by order of the Chairman
Committee of Pharmacy
Ministry of Health
of the Republic of Kazakhstan
dated April 19, 2007 No.
67
Instructions for use of the medicinal product for specialists
Ampicillin
Trade name
Ampicillin
International nonproprietary name
Ampicillin
Pharmaceutical form
Capsules 500 mg
Composition 901 05
One capsule contains
active substance – a mpicillin anhydrous 500 mg
excipients: starch, aerosil 200, magnesium stearate.
Description
Green hard gelatin capsules
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Systemic antimicrobials
Broad spectrum penicillins actions.
ATC code JO1CA 01
Pharmacological properties
Broad-spectrum antibiotic – a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin.
Ampicillin is a bactericidal agent and has a similar mechanism of action as benzylpenicillin against Gram-positive organisms including Streptococci faecalis, Streptococci pneumoniae, Haemolytic streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes.
Its action is similar to that of tetracycline and chloramphenicol against gram-negative organisms, mainly Haemophilis influenzae, Salmonella and most strains of Escherichia coli. It is also effective against Neisseria gonorrhoea, N. meningitidis, Bordetella pertussis, Proteus mirabilis.
Pharmacokinetics , and is generally well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Approximately 20% of ingested ampicillin binds to plasma proteins during circulation.