What are the most common side effects of tramadol. How can you manage headaches caused by tramadol. What are the serious side effects to watch out for. When should you seek immediate medical attention while taking tramadol.

Common Side Effects of Tramadol: What to Expect

Tramadol, like all medications, can cause side effects in some people. Understanding these potential reactions can help you manage your treatment more effectively. The most common side effects, occurring in more than 1 in 10 people, include:

• Feeling sick (nausea)
• Feeling dizzy

Other common side effects, affecting more than 1 in 100 people, include:

• Headaches
• Feeling sleepy or tired
• Feeling “spaced out”
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Sweating
• Low energy

While these side effects can be uncomfortable, they are generally manageable and often subside as your body adjusts to the medication.

Managing Tramadol-Induced Headaches: Tips and Strategies

Headaches are a common side effect of tramadol. How can you effectively manage this symptom?

• Rest and hydration: Ensure you’re getting enough rest and drinking plenty of fluids.
• Avoid alcohol: Drinking alcohol while taking tramadol can increase the likelihood of side effects, including headaches.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Consult your pharmacist about appropriate pain relief options.
• Monitor duration: Headaches typically subside within the first week of treatment. If they persist or become severe, consult your doctor.

Is it safe to take other pain relievers while on tramadol? In most cases, yes, but always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist before combining medications.

Nausea and Vomiting: Coping Strategies for Digestive Side Effects

Feeling sick or vomiting are common side effects of tramadol. How can you manage these symptoms?

• Dietary adjustments: Stick to simple meals and avoid rich or spicy foods.
• Timing: Try taking tramadol after eating a meal or snack.
• Hydration: If vomiting occurs, take small, frequent sips of water to prevent dehydration.
• Seek help: If nausea persists, consult your doctor about anti-nausea medications.

For women taking contraceptive pills, it’s important to note that severe vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours may affect the pill’s effectiveness. Check your contraceptive pill’s instructions for guidance in such situations.

Drowsiness and Dizziness: Staying Safe While Taking Tramadol

Feeling sleepy, tired, or dizzy are common reactions to tramadol. How can you manage these effects and stay safe?

• Allow time for adjustment: These side effects often diminish within 1-2 weeks as your body adapts to the medication.
• Avoid alcohol: Drinking can exacerbate feelings of drowsiness and dizziness.
• Exercise caution: Refrain from driving or operating machinery until you know how tramadol affects you.
• Consult your doctor: If drowsiness or dizziness persist, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage or consider alternative pain management options.

Can tramadol affect your ability to work or study? While many people can continue their daily activities, it’s important to be aware of how the medication affects you personally and adjust accordingly.

Constipation and Dry Mouth: Addressing Common Discomforts

Constipation and dry mouth are frequently reported side effects of tramadol. How can you alleviate these symptoms?

Managing Constipation:

• Increase fiber intake: Consume more fresh fruits, vegetables, and cereals.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water and non-alcoholic fluids.
• Exercise: Gentle physical activity can help stimulate bowel movements.
• Medication: Your doctor may prescribe laxatives or stool softeners if needed.

Alleviating Dry Mouth:

• Sugar-free gum or sweets: These can stimulate saliva production.
• Artificial saliva: Your doctor may prescribe substitutes in spray, gel, or lozenge form.
• Regular sips of water: Keep your mouth moist throughout the day.

Can long-term use of tramadol lead to chronic constipation? While constipation is a common side effect, it doesn’t necessarily become chronic. However, if it persists, consult your healthcare provider for appropriate management strategies.

Recognizing Serious Side Effects: When to Seek Medical Attention

While less common, serious side effects can occur with tramadol use. It’s crucial to recognize these symptoms and seek prompt medical attention. Contact your doctor or call 111 immediately if you experience:

• Dizziness, fatigue, and low energy (possible signs of low blood pressure)
• Hallucinations
• Confusion
• Extreme drowsiness
• Difficulty urinating or inability to urinate

In more severe cases, call 999 or go to A&E if you or someone taking tramadol experiences:

• Seizures or fits
• Breathing difficulties or short, shallow breathing

How quickly should you seek medical help for these serious side effects? Immediate action is crucial. Don’t wait to see if symptoms improve on their own.

Allergic Reactions to Tramadol: Identifying Anaphylaxis

Although rare, severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to tramadol can occur. These require immediate emergency medical attention. Call 999 immediately if you notice:

• Sudden swelling of lips, mouth, throat, or tongue
• Rapid or labored breathing
• Tightness in the throat or difficulty swallowing
• Skin, tongue, or lip discoloration (blue, grey, or pale)
• Sudden confusion, drowsiness, or dizziness
• Fainting that doesn’t respond to rousing
• In children: limpness, unresponsiveness, or difficulty focusing

A swollen, raised, itchy, blistered, or peeling rash may also indicate a serious allergic reaction requiring immediate hospital treatment.

How common are severe allergic reactions to tramadol? While they are rare, occurring in less than 1 in 1000 people, it’s crucial to be aware of the signs and act quickly if they appear.

Monitoring and Reporting Side Effects: Partnering with Your Healthcare Provider

Effective pain management with tramadol involves ongoing communication with your healthcare provider. Here are some key points to remember:

• Regular check-ins: Discuss any side effects, even if they seem minor, with your doctor or pharmacist.
• Dosage adjustments: Your healthcare provider may need to modify your dosage based on your response and any side effects.
• Alternative options: If side effects are persistent or severe, your doctor may consider alternative pain management strategies.
• Reporting unusual effects: The list provided here isn’t exhaustive. Report any unexpected symptoms or reactions to your healthcare provider.

You can also report side effects directly to the Yellow Card Scheme, which helps monitor the safety of medications in the UK. This can be done online or through the Yellow Card app.

How does reporting side effects contribute to medication safety? Your reports help regulatory bodies and pharmaceutical companies identify potential safety issues and improve medication guidelines, benefiting all patients.

Balancing Pain Relief and Side Effects

Managing chronic pain often involves finding a balance between effective pain relief and tolerable side effects. Here are some strategies to consider:

• Open communication: Keep your healthcare provider informed about both your pain levels and any side effects you’re experiencing.
• Patience: Some side effects may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. Give it time, but don’t hesitate to seek help if side effects are severe or persistent.
• Lifestyle adjustments: Incorporate healthy habits like regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques to support your overall well-being while managing pain.
• Complementary therapies: Discuss with your doctor the possibility of incorporating non-pharmacological pain management strategies, such as physical therapy or acupuncture, to potentially reduce your reliance on medication.

Can you develop tolerance to tramadol over time? Some patients may develop tolerance, requiring higher doses for the same pain relief. This is why regular check-ins with your healthcare provider are crucial to ensure your pain management plan remains effective and safe.

Long-Term Use of Tramadol: What to Consider

If you’re prescribed tramadol for chronic pain, it’s important to be aware of potential long-term effects:

• Dependence: Tramadol can be habit-forming, especially with prolonged use. Your doctor will monitor for signs of dependence and adjust your treatment plan if necessary.
• Hormonal effects: Long-term use of opioids like tramadol may affect hormone levels, potentially impacting fertility, libido, and mood.
• Cognitive function: Some studies suggest long-term opioid use may affect cognitive performance, although more research is needed in this area.
• Bone health: Prolonged use of opioids has been associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in some patients.

How often should you reassess your pain management plan when using tramadol long-term? It’s recommended to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, typically every 3-6 months, to evaluate the effectiveness of your treatment and discuss any concerns.

Tramadol and Other Medications: Understanding Interactions

Tramadol can interact with various medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some important interactions to be aware of include:

• Antidepressants: Certain antidepressants, particularly SSRIs and SNRIs, can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with tramadol.
• Blood thinners: Tramadol may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin.
• Other pain medications: Combining tramadol with other opioids or certain over-the-counter pain relievers can increase the risk of side effects.
• Sedatives: Medications that cause drowsiness, including benzodiazepines and some antihistamines, can have additive effects when taken with tramadol.

Always inform your healthcare providers about all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

How can you minimize the risk of drug interactions while taking tramadol? Maintain an up-to-date list of all your medications, including dosages, and share this information with all your healthcare providers. Always consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting any new medication or supplement.

Tramadol and Pregnancy: Weighing Risks and Benefits

The use of tramadol during pregnancy requires careful consideration and should only be done under close medical supervision. Here are some key points to consider:

• Potential risks: Tramadol use during pregnancy may be associated with certain risks to the developing fetus, including withdrawal symptoms in newborns.
• Alternative pain management: For pregnant women experiencing pain, healthcare providers often explore non-opioid pain relief options first.
• Individual assessment: The decision to use tramadol during pregnancy is made on a case-by-case basis, weighing the potential benefits against the risks.
• Breastfeeding considerations: Tramadol can pass into breast milk, so its use during breastfeeding should also be discussed with a healthcare provider.

If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, what should you do if you’re currently taking tramadol? Consult your healthcare provider immediately to discuss your pain management options and develop a plan that prioritizes both your health and the health of your baby.

Tramadol and Mental Health: Recognizing Psychological Effects

While tramadol is primarily used for pain relief, it can also have effects on mood and mental health. Some patients report:

• Euphoria: Tramadol can sometimes produce feelings of well-being or euphoria, which may contribute to its potential for dependence.
• Anxiety or depression: Some individuals may experience mood changes, including increased anxiety or depressive symptoms.
• Sleep disturbances: Tramadol can affect sleep patterns, potentially leading to insomnia or unusual dreams.
• Cognitive effects: Some patients report difficulty concentrating or memory issues while taking tramadol.

How should you approach your doctor about mental health concerns related to tramadol use? Be open and honest about any changes in your mood or cognitive function. Your healthcare provider can help determine if these effects are related to tramadol and adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

Tapering Off Tramadol: Safe Discontinuation Strategies

If you and your healthcare provider decide to discontinue tramadol, it’s important to do so gradually to minimize withdrawal symptoms. Here’s what you need to know:

• Gradual reduction: Your doctor will typically create a tapering schedule, slowly reducing your dose over time.
• Monitoring: Regular check-ins during the tapering process allow for adjustments based on your response.
• Potential withdrawal symptoms: These may include anxiety, sweating, insomnia, and flu-like symptoms.
• Alternative pain management: Your healthcare provider will work with you to develop alternative strategies for managing your pain as you reduce tramadol use.

What factors influence the tapering schedule for tramadol? The duration of use, dosage, individual health factors, and the reason for discontinuation all play a role in determining the most appropriate tapering plan.

Tramadol and Lifestyle: Adapting to Treatment

Living with chronic pain and managing tramadol treatment may require some lifestyle adjustments. Consider the following tips:

• Work accommodations: Discuss potential side effects with your employer if they might affect your job performance.
• Driving safety: Be aware of how tramadol affects you before operating vehicles or machinery.
• Alcohol consumption: Avoid alcohol, as it can intensify tramadol’s side effects and increase health risks.
• Exercise: Engage in appropriate physical activity as recommended by your healthcare provider to support pain management and overall health.
• Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to help manage side effects like constipation and support your overall well-being.

How can you maintain a active social life while managing tramadol treatment? Open communication with friends and family about your needs and limitations can help. Plan activities that accommodate your energy levels and any side effects you may be experiencing.

Understanding and managing the side effects of tramadol is crucial for effective pain relief and overall well-being. By staying informed, maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider, and being proactive about your health, you can optimize your treatment experience and quality of life while using this medication.

Side effects of tramadol – NHS

Like all medicines, tramadol can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if the side effects listed below bother you or do not go away.

Very common side effects

Very common side effects of tramadol happen in more than 1 in 10 people and include:

• feeling sick
• feeling dizzy

Common side effects

These common side effects of tramadol happen in more than 1 in 100 people. There are things you can do to help cope with them.

Headaches

Make sure you rest, and drink plenty of fluids. It’s best not to drink alcohol with tramadol as you’re more likely to get side effects, like feeling sleepy. Ask your pharmacist to recommend a painkiller. Headaches should usually go away after the first week of taking tramadol. Talk to your doctor if they last longer than a week or are severe.

Feeling sleepy, tired, dizzy or “spaced out”

These side effects should wear off within a week or two as your body gets used to tramadol. Talk to your doctor if they carry on for longer. Do not drink any alcohol as this will make you feel more tired.

Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting)

Stick to simple meals and do not eat rich or spicy food. It might help to take your tramadol after you’ve eaten a meal or snack. If you’re being sick, try small frequent sips of water. Speak to a pharmacist if you have signs of dehydration, such as peeing less than usual or having dark, strong-smelling pee.

If tramadol continues to make you sick, or feel sick, tell your doctor. They may be able to prescribe a medicine which can also protect your stomach. If tramadol makes you vomit or have severe diarrhoea for more than 24 hours, your contraceptive pills may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet to find out what to do.

Constipation

Try to get more fibre into your diet such as fresh fruit and vegetables and cereals. Also try to drink several glasses of water, or another non-alcoholic drink, every day. If you can, it may also help to do some gentle exercise like swimming or going for a short walk.

Speak to your doctor about medicine to help prevent or treat constipation caused by tramadol if your symptoms do not go away.

Dry mouth

Try chewing sugar-free gum or sucking sugar-free sweets. Your doctor may also prescribe an artificial saliva substitute to keep your mouth moist. This comes as a spray, gel or lozenge.

Sweating

Try wearing loose clothing, using a strong anti-perspirant and using a fan, if possible. If this does not help and you find it unbearable, speak to your doctor as you may need to be treated with a different type of painkiller.

Low energy

Speak to your doctor as they may be able to adjust your dose or give you a different painkiller.

Serious side effects

Serious side effects happen in less than 1 in 100 people.

Call your doctor or call 111 now if you:

• feel dizzy, tired and have low energy – these can be a sign of low blood pressure
• have hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there)
• feel confused
• feel very sleepy
• have trouble peeing or you cannot pee at all

Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E now if you or your child:

• have a seizure or fit
• have breathing difficulties or short shallow breathing

Serious allergic reaction

In rare cases, it’s possible to have a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to tramadol.

Immediate action required: Call 999 now if:

• your lips, mouth, throat or tongue suddenly become swollen
• you’re breathing very fast or struggling to breathe (you may become very wheezy or feel like you’re choking or gasping for air)
• your throat feels tight or you’re struggling to swallow
• your skin, tongue or lips turn blue, grey or pale (if you have black or brown skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet)
• you suddenly become very confused, drowsy or dizzy
• someone faints and cannot be woken up
• a child is limp, floppy or not responding like they normally do (their head may fall to the side, backwards or forwards, or they may find it difficult to lift their head or focus on your face)

You or the person who’s unwell may also have a rash that’s swollen, raised, itchy, blistered or peeling.

These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Other side effects

These are not all the side effects of tramadol. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicine packet.

Information:

You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme.

Visit Yellow Card for further information.

Page last reviewed: 19 January 2022

Next review due: 19 January 2025

Tramadol/acetaminophen for the treatment of acute migraine pain: findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2005 Nov-Dec;45(10):1317-27.

doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00264.x.

Stephen D Silberstein 
¹
, Frederick G Freitag, Todd D Rozen, David B Kudrow, David J Hewitt, Donna M Jordan, Alan C Fisher, Norman R Rosenthal; CAPSS-223 Investigators

Affiliations

Affiliation

• ¹ Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

• PMID:

  16324164

• DOI:

  10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00264.x

Randomized Controlled Trial

Stephen D Silberstein et al.

Headache.

2005 Nov-Dec.

. 2005 Nov-Dec;45(10):1317-27.

doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00264.x.

Authors

Stephen D Silberstein 
¹
, Frederick G Freitag, Todd D Rozen, David B Kudrow, David J Hewitt, Donna M Jordan, Alan C Fisher, Norman R Rosenthal; CAPSS-223 Investigators

Affiliation

• ¹ Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

• PMID:

  16324164

• DOI:

  10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.00264.x

Abstract

Objective:

To compare tramadol/acetaminophen (APAP) and placebo for the management of acute migraine pain.

Background:

Tramadol/APAP tablets reduced moderate-to-moderately severe acute pain in controlled studies of other painful conditions.

Methods:

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study enrolled adults with migraine pain as per International Headache Society criteria. Subjects took tramadol/APAP (total dose, 75 mg/650 mg) or placebo for a typical migraine with moderate-to-severe pain. Severity of pain and migraine-related symptoms were recorded before study medication and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours after study medication.

Results:

Efficacy analyses included 305 subjects (154 tramadol/APAP and 151 placebo). Treatment response was higher for tramadol/APAP than a placebo at 2 hours after dosing (55.8% vs. 33.8%, P < .001) and at every other assessment from 30 minutes (12.3% vs. 6.6%) through 6 hours (64.9% vs. 37.7%) (all P< or = .022). Subjects in the tramadol/APAP group were more likely than those in the placebo group to be pain-free at 2 hours (22.1% vs. 9.3%), 6 hours (42.9% vs. 25.2%), and 24 hours (52.7% vs. 37.9%) (all P< or = .007). Two hours after dosing, moderate-to-severe symptoms that were less common for tramadol/APAP than placebo included photophobia (34.6% vs. 52.2%, P= .003) and phonophobia (34.3% vs. 44.9%, P = .008), but not migraine-related nausea (38.5% vs. 29.4%, P= .681). Treatment-related adverse events included nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and somnolence.

Conclusions:

Tramadol/APAP reduces the severity of pain, photophobia, and phonophobia associated with migraine headache, but does not reduce migraine-associated nausea. Tramadol/APAP might be an appropriate option for the management of moderate-to-severe migraine headache.

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Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

TRAMADOL – fast and effective relief from pain

There is hardly a person who is not familiar with the feeling of pain. Even the ancient Greeks said: “Pain is the watchdog of health.” Indeed, it is pain that warns the body of imminent danger.

Today, a large number of painkillers of foreign and domestic production are presented on the pharmaceutical market. Among them is TRAMADOL, the production of which was recently mastered by the Kharkiv OJSC “Pharmaceutical Firm “Health”.

TRAMADOL produced by this enterprise is produced according to domestic technology using an imported substance (tramadol hydrochloride) from Heumann Pharma Gmbh (Austria).

TRAMADOL is a highly effective non-narcotic centrally acting analgesic intended for oral administration in acute or chronic pain of various etiologies. TRAMADOL belongs to the class of moderately toxic drugs and is well tolerated.

Being an opiate receptor agonist-antagonist, the drug has a pronounced analgesic activity. Its action occurs 20 minutes after administration and lasts up to 5 hours.

The drug effectively eliminates moderate pain in the postoperative period, with injuries, biliary colic, myocardial infarction, during painful diagnostic procedures. In addition, TRAMADOL has an antitussive effect.

When taken in therapeutic doses, TRAMADOL does not cause respiratory depression and does not affect intestinal motility.

The drug is produced in gelatin capsules of 0.05 g. Adults and children over 14 years old are prescribed 1 capsule with a small amount of liquid.

During treatment with TRAMADOL, some precautions should be observed: avoid driving a car and performing potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention or speed of mental and motor reactions.

Patients with impaired liver or kidney function should start treatment with the drug with minimal doses. Special care must be taken when taking TRAMADOL when prescribing it to patients with drug and alcohol addiction.

More than 20 years of clinical experience in the use of tramadol preparations abroad and in Ukrainian clinics testifies to the compliance of the drug with modern requirements for an effective and safe drug to eliminate pain.

It should be noted that TRAMADOL produced by the Pharmaceutical Company Zdorovye is affordable for a wide range of consumers. Its cost is lower than that of foreign analogues.

For more information
and for purchasing
, please contact:
JSC “Pharmaceutical Firm “Health”
61013, Kharkiv, st. Shevchenko, 22
Tel.: (0572) 14-97-16
Fax: (0572) 12-05-88

unique dual mechanism of action implemented in the central nervous system (CNS).

INTRODUCTION

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic
with a unique dual mechanism of action implemented in the central nervous
system (CNS). It has an agonistic effect on opiate receptors
and prevents the reuptake of neurotransmitters. Tramadol is also weak
binds to µ-opiate receptors, blocking the transmission of pain signals in
brain. Tramadol effectively controls postoperative pain, however
not suitable for use as an adjuvant to anesthesia in
associated with weak sedative properties.

Pharmacological
class: Opioid
analgesic

Indication

• Moderate or severe pain
• Pain
• Acute musculoskeletal pain

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION

Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, based on animal studies, at least two complementary mechanisms are possible: binding of the parent substance and the M1 metabolite to μ-opioid receptors and weak inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. The opioid activity is due to the low affinity of the parent compound and the high affinity of the O-demethylated metabolite M1 for μ-opioid receptors. The relative role of tramadol and M1 in human pain relief is determined by the plasma concentration of each substance. Tramadol inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in vitro , similar to other opioid analgesics. These mechanisms may play an independent role in the overall analgesic effect of tramadol.

DOSAGE

Adults: 50-100 mg orally every 4-6 hours
needed for pain relief

Children: 1-2.5 mg/kg orally every 8 hours when
necessary for pain relief

PHARMACOKINETICS

Absorption of tramadol is 34%±34. Volume of distribution
is 2.71 l / kg, binding to plasma proteins – 20%. With urine
30% of the drug is excreted (in unchanged form), 60% (in the form of metabolites),
the plasma half-life is 6.3 hours.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Hypersensitivity to opioids
• Situations where opioids are contraindicated, including acute
  intoxication with the following substances: alcohol, sleeping pills,
  centrally acting painkillers, opioids or psychotropic
  drugs. In such patients, the drug may exacerbate CNS depression and
  breathing.
• Combination of tramadol and MAO inhibitors (either in
  within 14 days after discontinuation of such therapy) is contraindicated

INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DRUGS

• Concomitant use of CYP2D6 and/or CYP3A4 inhibitors,
  e.g. quinidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine and amitriptyline (inhibitors
  CYP2D6), ketoconazole and erythromycin (CYP3A4 inhibitors) may reduce
  metabolic clearance of tramadol, increasing the risk of serious
  adverse events, including seizures and serotonin syndrome
• Patients taking carbamazepine may experience
  significantly weaker analgesic effect of tramadol hydrochloride

SIDE EFFECTS

Common (> 1/10, < 1/100):

• Abdominal disorders (diarrhea, constipation,
  nausea or abdominal pain)
• Depression
• Skin disorders (itching, rash or sweating)
• Generalized pain or pain in the muscles and joints

Uncommon (> 1/100, < 1/100 0):

• Joint swelling
• Change in body weight
• Severe headache
• Fall
• Confusion
• Severe cough

Very rare (< 1/10000):

9 0064 Blistering under the skin
• Blood in urine
• Chest pain
• Seizures
• Seizures
• Dark urine
• Fainting
• Numbness of extremities
• Icteric coloration of eyes and skin

PRECAUTIONS

• Pre-existing diseases of the kidneys, liver, epilepsy,
  history of lung disease, drug dependence or allergy
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Use of drugs such as
  tranquilizers, sleeping pills or other pain medications containing
  opiates
• Acute diseases of the abdominal organs
  cavities subject to clinical evaluation

Clinical data

• Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic,
  which is similar in structure to codeine and morphine. Its effect in
  relief of the postoperative share is comparable to that
  pethidine. The analgesic effect of tramadol is increased in combination with
  non-opioid analgesics. Tramadol is effective and well tolerated
  patients when used to relieve pain after trauma, renal or
  hepatic colic or during childbirth. The drug is also used to treat
  chronic pain of malignant or non-malignant origin, in
  features in neuropathic pain. Tramadol is less likely to cause constipation and
  dependence compared to powerful opioids in similar analgesics
  doses.
• The effectiveness of tramadol in the treatment
  moderate or severe postoperative pain has been shown in outpatient and
  surgical conditions. Unlike other opioids, tramadol does not
  has clinically significant effects on respiratory and cardiovascular
  indicators. This drug may be particularly suitable for patients with
  impaired cardiopulmonary function, including elderly patients, patients with
  obese and smokers, for patients with impaired liver or kidney function, and
  also for patients who are receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  (NSAIDs) are not recommended or should be used with caution. Tramadol
  for parenteral or oral administration has proven to be effective and
  tolerance for anesthesia during operations.
• Tramadol is effective for the treatment
  various types of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain, including neuropathic
  pain, back pain, osteoarthritis and uncontrolled pain. The
  the drug also causes fewer side effects that are characteristic of opioids,
  including nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, dry mouth and constipation. Although the study
  literature data showed the presence of an immunostimulating effect
  tramadol, some studies also suggest that
  that the immunosuppressive effect of tramadol is less pronounced compared with
  morphine. Due to pharmacological properties, tramadol is more
  more suitable for patients with gastrointestinal and renal disorders than NSAIDs. Apart from
  proven clinical efficacy, tramadol is a safe drug,
  because it causes respiratory depression to a lesser extent, cardiovascular
  side effects, abuse and dependence compared to others
  opioids.