What are the different types of gastrointestinal diseases? How are functional and structural gastrointestinal diseases distinguished? What are the common causes and treatment options for conditions like constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and hemorrhoids?

Understanding Gastrointestinal Diseases

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a broad category of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. These diseases can be classified into two main types: functional and structural.

Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases

Functional gastrointestinal diseases are those in which the GI tract appears normal upon examination, but does not function properly. These are the most common problems affecting the GI tract, including the colon and rectum. Examples of functional GI diseases include constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, food poisoning, gas, bloating, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and diarrhea.

The causes of functional GI diseases can be varied, including a low-fiber diet, lack of exercise, changes in routine, dairy products, stress, resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, overuse of anti-diarrheal medications, certain medications, and pregnancy.

Structural Gastrointestinal Diseases

Structural gastrointestinal diseases are those where the bowel appears abnormal upon examination and also does not function properly. In some cases, the structural abnormality may need to be surgically removed. Common examples of structural GI diseases include strictures, stenosis, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, colon polyps, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Constipation

Constipation is a functional problem that makes it difficult to have a bowel movement, with infrequent or incomplete stools. It is often caused by a lack of fiber in the diet or a disruption in the regular routine or diet. Constipation can lead to straining during bowel movements, small and hard stools, and sometimes anal problems such as fissures and hemorrhoids. Treatment for constipation includes increasing fiber and water intake, exercising regularly, and addressing the urge to have a bowel movement. If these methods are not effective, laxatives may be used, but it is important to follow the instructions and advice of a healthcare provider.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional condition in which the colon muscle contracts more or less often than “normal.” Certain foods, medications, and emotional stress can trigger IBS. Symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain and cramps, excess gas, bloating, changes in bowel habits, and alternating constipation and diarrhea. Treatment for IBS includes avoiding excessive caffeine, increasing fiber intake, identifying and avoiding trigger foods, managing stress, taking medications as prescribed, staying hydrated, and getting adequate rest.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a structural disease, characterized by dilated veins in the anal canal. They are caused by chronic excess pressure from straining during a bowel movement, persistent diarrhea, or pregnancy. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal and external.

Internal hemorrhoids are blood vessels on the inside of the anal opening that can become irritated and start to bleed when they fall down into the anus due to straining. Treatment for internal hemorrhoids includes improving bowel habits, using banding techniques to eliminate the vessels, or in some cases, surgical removal.

External hemorrhoids are veins that lie just under the skin on the outside of the anus. They can become irritated and swollen, and may even thrombose (develop a blood clot), causing significant pain and discomfort. Treatment for external hemorrhoids often involves managing symptoms and addressing the underlying causes, such as constipation or chronic diarrhea.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal diseases encompass a wide range of conditions that can be classified as either functional or structural. Understanding the differences between these two types of GI diseases, as well as the common causes and treatment options for conditions like constipation, IBS, and hemorrhoids, is essential for maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal system.

Gastrointestinal Diseases: Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

What are gastrointestinal diseases?

Gastrointestinal diseases affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the mouth to the anus. There are two types: functional and structural. Some examples include nausea/vomiting, food poisoning, lactose intolerance and diarrhea.

What are functional gastrointestinal diseases?

Functional diseases are those in which the GI tract looks normal when examined, but doesn’t move properly. They are the most common problems affecting the GI tract (including the colon and rectum). Constipation, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, food poisoning, gas, bloating, GERD and diarrhea are common examples.

Many factors may upset your GI tract and its motility (ability to keep moving), including:

• Eating a diet low in fiber.
• Not getting enough exercise.
• Traveling or other changes in routine.
• Eating large amounts of dairy products.
• Stress.
• Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement, possibly because of hemorrhoids.
• Overusing anti-diarrheal medications that, over time, weaken the bowel muscle movements called motility.
• Taking antacid medicines containing calcium or aluminum.
• Taking certain medicines (especially antidepressants, iron pills and strong pain medicines such as narcotics).
• Pregnancy.

What are structural gastrointestinal diseases?

Structural gastrointestinal diseases are those where your bowel looks abnormal upon examination and also doesn’t work properly. Sometimes, the structural abnormality needs to be removed surgically. Common examples of structural GI diseases include strictures, stenosis, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, colon polyps, colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.

Constipation

Constipation, which is a functional problem, makes it hard for you to have a bowel movement (or pass stools), the stools are infrequent (less than three times a week), or incomplete. Constipation is usually caused by inadequate “roughage” or fiber in your diet, or a disruption of your regular routine or diet.

Constipation causes you to strain during a bowel movement. It may cause small, hard stools and sometimes anal problems such as fissures and hemorrhoids. Constipation is rarely the sign that you have a more serious medical condition.

You can treat your constipation by:

• Increasing the amount of fiber and water to your diet.
• Exercising regularly and increasing the intensity of your exercises as tolerated.
• Moving your bowels when you have the urge (resisting the urge causes constipation).

If these treatment methods don’t work, laxatives can be added. Note that you should make sure you are up to date with your colon cancer screening. Always follow the instructions on the laxative medicine, as well as the advice of your healthcare provider.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome (also called spastic colon, irritable colon, IBS, or nervous stomach) is a functional condition where your colon muscle contracts more or less often than “normal. ” Certain foods, medicines and emotional stress are some factors that can trigger IBS.

Symptoms of IBS include:

• Abdominal pain and cramps.
• Excess gas.
• Bloating.
• Change in bowel habits such as harder, looser, or more urgent stools than normal.
• Alternating constipation and diarrhea.

Treatment includes:

• Avoiding excessive caffeine.
• Increasing fiber in your diet.
• Monitoring which foods trigger your IBS (and avoiding these foods).
• Minimizing stress or learning different ways to cope with stress.
• Taking medicines as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Avoiding dehydration, and hydrating well throughout the day.
• Getting high quality rest/sleep.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are dilated veins in the anal canal, structural disease. They’re swollen blood vessels that line your anal opening. They are caused by chronic excess pressure from straining during a bowel movement, persistent diarrhea, or pregnancy. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal and external.

Internal hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are blood vessels on the inside of your anal opening. When they fall down into the anus as a result of straining, they become irritated and start to bleed. Ultimately, internal hemorrhoids can fall down enough to prolapse (sink or stick) out of the anus.

Treatment includes:

• Improving bowel habits (such as avoiding constipation, not straining during bowel movements and moving your bowels when you have the urge).
• Your healthcare provider using ligating bands to eliminate the vessels.
• Your healthcare provider removing them surgically. Surgery is needed only for a small number of people with very large, painful and persistent hemorrhoids.

External hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are veins that lie just under the skin on the outside of the anus. Sometimes, after straining, the external hemorrhoidal veins burst and a blood clots form under the skin. This very painful condition is called a “pile.”

Treatment includes removing the clot and vein under local anesthesia and/or removing the hemorrhoid itself.

Anal fissures

Anal fissures are also a structural disease. They are splits or cracks in the lining of your anal opening. The most common cause of an anal fissure is the passage of very hard or watery stools. The crack in the anal lining exposes the underlying muscles that control the passage of stool through the anus and out of the body. An anal fissure is one of the most painful problems because the exposed muscles become irritated from exposure to stool or air, and leads to intense burning pain, bleeding, or spasm after bowel movements.

Initial treatment for anal fissures includes pain medicine, dietary fiber to reduce the occurrence of large, bulky stools and sitz baths (sitting in a few inches of warm water). If these treatments don’t relieve your pain, surgery might be needed to repair the sphincter muscle.

Perianal abscesses

Perianal abscesses, also a structural disease, can occur when the tiny anal glands that open on the inside of your anus become blocked, and the bacteria always present in these glands causes an infection. When pus develops, an abscess forms. Treatment includes draining the abscess, usually under local anesthesia in the healthcare provider’s office.

Anal fistula

An anal fistula – again, a structural disease – often follows drainage of an abscess and is an abnormal tube-like passageway from the anal canal to a hole in the skin near the opening of your anus. Body wastes traveling through your anal canal are diverted through this tiny channel and out through the skin, causing itching and irritation. Fistulas also cause drainage, pain and bleeding. They rarely heal by themselves and usually need surgery to drain the abscess and “close off” the fistula.

Other perianal infections

Sometimes the skin glands near your anus become infected and need to be drained, like in this structural disease. Just behind the anus, abscesses can form that contain a small tuft of hair at the back of the pelvis (called a pilonidal cyst).

Sexually transmitted diseases that can affect the anus include anal warts, herpes, AIDS, chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Diverticular disease

The structural disease diverticulosis is the presence of small outpouchings (diverticula) in the muscular wall of your large intestine that form in weakened areas of the bowel. They usually occur in the sigmoid colon, the high-pressure area of the lower large intestine.

Diverticular disease is very common and occurs in 10% of people over age 40 and in 50% of people over age 60 in Western cultures. It is often caused by too little roughage (fiber) in the diet. Diverticulosis can sometimes develop/progress into diverticulitis

Complications of diverticular disease happen in about 10% of people with outpouchings. They include infection or inflammation (diverticulitis), bleeding and obstruction. Treatment of diverticulitis includes treating the constipation and sometimes antibiotics if really severe. Surgery is needed as last resort in those who have significant complications to remove the involved diseased segment of the colon.

Colon polyps and cancer

Each year, 130,000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, the second most common form of cancer in the United States. Fortunately, with advances in early detection and treatment, colorectal cancer is one of the most curable forms of the disease. By using a variety of screening tests, it is possible to prevent, detect and treat the disease long before symptoms appear.

The importance of screening

Almost all colorectal cancers begin as polyps, benign (non-cancerous) growths in the tissues lining your colon and rectum. Cancer develops when these polyps grow and abnormal cells develop and start to invade surrounding tissue. Removal of polyps can prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Almost all precancerous polyps can be removed painlessly using a flexible lighted tube called a colonoscope. If not caught in the early stages, colorectal cancer can spread throughout the body. More advanced cancer requires more complicated surgical techniques.

Most early forms of colorectal cancer do not cause symptoms, which makes screening especially important. When symptoms do occur, the cancer might already be quite advanced. Symptoms include blood on or mixed in with the stool, a change in normal bowel habits, narrowing of the stool, abdominal pain, weight loss, or constant tiredness.

Most cases of colorectal cancer are detected in one of four ways:

• By screening people at average risk for colorectal cancer beginning at age 45.
• By screening people at higher risk for colorectal cancer (for example, those with a family history or a personal history of colon polyps or cancer).
• By investigating the bowel in patients with symptoms.
• A chance finding at a routine check-up.

Early detection is the best chance for a cure.

Colitis

There are several types of colitis, which are conditions that cause an inflammation of the bowel. These include:

• Infectious colitis.
• Ulcerative colitis (cause unknown).
• Crohn’s disease (cause unknown).
• Ischemic colitis (caused by not enough blood going to the colon).
• Radiation colitis (after radiotherapy).

Colitis causes diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramps and urgency (frequent and immediate need to empty the bowels). Treatment depends on the diagnosis, which is made by colonoscopy and biopsy.

Prevention

Can gastrointestinal diseases be prevented?

Many diseases of the colon and rectum can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, practicing good bowel habits and getting screened for cancer.

A colonoscopy is recommended for average-risk patients at age 45. If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, a colonoscopy may be recommended at a younger age. Typically, a colonoscopy is recommended 10 years younger than the affected family member. (For example, if your brother was diagnosed with colorectal cancer or polyps at age 45, you should begin screening at age 35.)

If you have symptoms of colorectal cancer you should consult your healthcare provider right away. Common symptoms include:

• A change in normal bowel habits.
• Blood on or in the stool that is either bright or dark.
• Unusual abdominal or gas pains.
• Very narrow stool.
• A feeling that the bowel has not emptied completely after passing stool.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue.
• Anemia (low blood count).

Other types of gastrointestinal diseases

There are many other gastrointestinal diseases. Some are discussed, but others are not covered here. Other functional and structural diseases include peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, gastroenteritis, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, gallstones, fecal incontinence, lactose intolerance, Hirschsprung disease, abdominal adhesions, Barrett’s esophagus, appendicitis, indigestion (dyspepsia), intestinal pseudo-obstruction, pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome, Whipple’s disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, malabsorption syndromes and hepatitis.

Simple Ways to Manage Digestive Problems and Gastrointestinal Complications

SOURCES:

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: “It’s About Eating Right.”

AHRQ: “Treatment Options for GERD or Acid Reflux Disease: A Review of the Research for Adults.”

American Academy of Family Physicians: “Antidiarrheal Medicines: OTC Relief for Diarrhea.”

American Academy of Family Physicians: “Heartburn.”

American College of Gastroenterology: “Acid Reflux.”

American College of Gastroenterology: “Probiotics for the Treatment of Adult Gastrointestinal Disorders.”

American Family Physician: “Effective management of flatulence.”

American Gastroenterological Association: “Understanding Heartburn and Reflux Disease.”

American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: “Understanding Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.”

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists: “Cimetidine.”

Brahm, N. The Consultant Pharmacist, April 2011.

Canadian Society of Intestinal Research: “Exercise helps pass gas. ”

Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh: “Organs: small and large intestine.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Constipation.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Diarrhea.”

Cleveland Clinic: “The Fiber Lifestyle.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Gas.”

Cleveland Clinic: “GERD.”

Cleveland Clinic: “GERD and Asthma.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Heartburn.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Heartburn Treatment.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Hemorrhoids.”

Cleveland Clinic: “Probiotics.”

FDA: “Possible Increased Risk of Bone Fractures with Certain Antacid Drugs.”

Harvard School of Public Health: “Fiber.”

Harvard Health: “Hemorrhoids and what to do about them.”

Hye-kyung J. Journal of Neurogastroenterol Motility, January 2010.

International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: “Exercise & GI Symptoms.”

Katz, P. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2013.

National Institutes of Health: “Gas in the Digestive Tract.”

National Institutes of Health: “Hemorrhoids. ”

National Institutes of Health: “Symptoms and Causes of Constipation.”

National Institutes of Health: “Your digestive system and how it works.”

NHLBI: “What are the symptoms of a heart attack?”

NIDDK: “Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Adults.”

Thompson, W. International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Diseases or conditions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract are referred to as gastrointestinal disorders. Many of the gastrointestinal disorders show similar symptoms, so it’s important to recognize them accurately to get the right treatment.

Here are some common gastrointestinal disorders, their symptoms, and effective treatment options:

Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that get formed in your gallbladder which is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of the abdomen. Gallstones are formed when:

• Your bile contains too much cholesterol or waste
• Your gallbladder does not empty properly 

Symptoms of Gallstones

• Pain in your upper-right abdomen 
• Vomiting
• Back pain between your shoulder blades

Treatment

• Medications are used to dissolve gallstones. 
• If that does not work, surgery is needed to remove the gallbladder.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

It occurs when stomach acid refluxes back up into your esophagus. People with asthma are at a higher risk of developing GERD. It mostly occurs after meals or at night.

Symptoms of GERD

• Heartburn
• Nausea 
• Difficulty or pain when swallowing or breathing
• Pain in your chest
• Pain in your upper-right abdomen

Treatment

• Avoid beverages and foods that trigger the symptoms 
• Take over-the-counter medications or antacids to minimize inflammation of the esophagus or stomach acid production
• In some cases, surgery is required

Crohn’s Disease

It is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of your digestive tract. This disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, but mostly affects the terminal ileum, which connects the beginning of the colon and end of the small bowel.

Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease

Signs vary from one person to another person depending on which part of the digestive tract is affected, but generally include:

• Rectal bleeding
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Weight loss

Treatment

• Immunosuppressants
• Topical pain relievers
• Surgery

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

It affects the large intestine, and the signs may vary from person to person. Certain medicines, foods, and emotional stress can cause this condition.

Symptoms of IBS

• Abdominal cramps and pain
• Constipation 
• Change in bowel habits 
• Bloating

Treatment

• Avoid food that triggers IBS
• Avoid caffeine 
• Increase the fiber in your diet
• Minimize stress 
• Take the medicines prescribed by your doctor

Celiac Disease

It is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in rye, wheat, and barley. If you have this disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in your small intestine which damages your small intestine and prevents the absorption of some nutrients.

Symptoms of Celiac Disease in Children

• Constipation
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Vomiting
• Bloating

Symptoms of Celiac Disease in Adults

• Bone loss
• Seizures
• Depression
• Fatigue
• Anemia

Treatment

Ulcerative Colitis

It is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes long-lasting ulcers and inflammation in your digestive tract which affects the rectum and innermost lining of your large intestine.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

• Abdominal cramps
• Blood in your stool
• Diarrhea

Treatment

• Medication can reduce inflammation
• Avoid foods that trigger the symptoms
• In severe cases, surgery is required to remove the colon

If you notice any symptoms of these gastrointestinal disorders, consult your doctor immediately for early diagnosis so you can get the right treatment on time. Practice good bowel habits, maintain a healthy lifestyle and undergo cancer screening to prevent these disorders.

 

[Also Read – Port-A-Cath Placement in Anchorage, AK]

[Also Read – Small Intestine Surgery (Small Bowel Resection) | Anchorage, Alaska]

Dr. Madhu Prasad, M.D., FACS

Dr. Madhu Prasad has over 30+ years of experience working as a general surgeon and surgical oncologist and providing the highest level of care in Anchorage, Alaska. He believes in providing quality care to patients and their families. Inspired by compassion and humanism, Dr. Prasad and his team work for the well-being of their patients.

Diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with primary immunodeficiency

Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency. The gastrointestinal tract is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, so it is not surprising that intestinal diseases are common among immunodeficient patients. Gastroenterologists therefore must be able to diagnose and treat patients with primary immunodeficiency. Immune-related gastrointestinal diseases can be classified as those that develop primarily via autoimmunity, infection, an inflammatory response, or malignancy. Immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients with gastrointestinal diseases present with similar symptoms. However, intestinal biopsy specimens from immunodeficient patients often have distinct histologic features, and these patients often fail to respond to conventional therapies. Therefore, early recognition of symptoms and referral to an immunologist for a basic immune evaluation is required to select appropriate treatments. Therapies for primary immunodeficiency comprise immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics, and, in severe cases, bone marrow transplantation. Treatment of immunodeficient patients with concomitant gastrointestinal disease can be challenging, and therapy with immunomodulators often is required for severe disease. This review aims to guide gastroenterologists in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary immunodeficiency.

Keywords:

6-MP; AZA; CGD; CVID; FOXP3; GI; GVHD; Hypogammaglobulinemia; IBD; IL; IPEX; Ig; Immune System; Inflammatory Intestinal Disease; NLH; SCID; STAT; TNF; WAS; WASp; Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome; Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein; X-linked agammaglobulinemia; XLA; azathioprine; chronic granulomatous disease; common variable immunodeficiency; forkhead box P3; gastrointestinal; graft-versus-host disease; immune dysfunction, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked; immunoglobulin; inflammatory bowel disese; interleukin; mercaptopurine; nodular lymphoid hyperplasia; severe combined immunodeficiency; signal transducer and activator of transcription; tumor necrosis factor.

Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is 25-foot-long pathway that extends from the mouth to the anus. Everything you eat passes through the esophagus and gets processed in the stomach and small intestines to extract nutrients. Ultimately, the waste is removed from your body through the colon and rectum. Sometimes, a tumor can form in one of these organs, after a change in the DNA causes abnormal cells to grow. What’s behind this kind of change (known as a mutation)? It could be anything from underlying conditions to lifestyle choices to genetics.

Gastrointestinal cancer is common, both in the United States and worldwide. Treatments are more effective when the cancer is detected at an early stage—which, unfortunately, can be a challenge.

“Colorectal cancers are the most common and most treatable GI cancers in the United States,” says Yale Medicine’s Jeremy Kortmansky, MD, a medical oncologist. “About 5 to 10 percent occur from an inherited genetic risk factor, but the remaining cases happen sporadically. Most of these cases are related to unhealthy behaviors.” 

The good news is that healthy lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk for GI cancer. “There is a clear reduction in risk with a lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a low-fat diet high in fruits and vegetables, minimal red meat and moderate alcohol,” Dr. Kortmansky says.

Routine colorectal screening also markedly reduces the risk of colon cancer by finding and removing polyps before they have the chance to become cancerous, he says.

“We often consider the risk of colorectal cancer to increase with age,” says Dr. Kortmansky, “but recently, the incidence in patients under 50 is rapidly increasing. For this reason, the American Cancer Society recently recommended that routine colorectal cancer screening should start at age 45. It is important to catch colorectal cancers early, because if we do, they are highly curable.” 

Gastrointestinal Complications (PDQ®)–Patient Version – National Cancer Institute

About PDQ

Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI’s) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in Spanish.

PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.

Purpose of This Summary

This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the causes and treatment of gastrointestinal complications, including constipation, impaction, bowel obstruction, diarrhea, and radiation enteritis. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.

Reviewers and Updates

Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary (“Updated”) is the date of the most recent change.

The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board.

Clinical Trial Information

A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become “standard.” Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.

Clinical trials can be found online at NCI’s website. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service (CIS), NCI’s contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

Permission to Use This Summary

PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”

The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:

PDQ® Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. PDQ Gastrointestinal Complications. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/constipation/GI-complications-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389438]

Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in Visuals Online. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.

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The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Managing Cancer Care page.

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Gastrointestinal Surgery | Gastroenterology

Gastrointestinal surgery is a treatment for diseases of the parts of the body involved in digestion. This includes the esophagus (ee-sof-uh-gus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. It also includes the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Surgery may be used to remove a cancerous or noncancerous growth or damaged part of the body, such as the intestine. It may also be used to repair a problem like a hernia (a hole or weak spot in the wall of the abdomen). Minor surgical procedures are used to screen and diagnose problems of the digestive system.

Below are gastrointestinal conditions that may be treated with surgery:

• Appendicitis. When the appendix becomes infected and inflamed, it may be removed (appendectomy).
• Colon cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers. Surgery is done to remove cancerous tumors in the digestive system and parts of the digestive system that have cancer. For example, a surgeon may remove a tumor as well as part of the pancreas, liver, or intestine with cancer.
• Diverticular disease. A diverticulum is a small pouch or pocket in the colon (large intestine). Researchers are not sure why these develop. Sometimes they can become inflamed and cause pain (diverticulitis). This is often managed without surgery. If someone has a lot of diverticula that often become inflamed, the doctor may recommend bowel resection surgery to remove that part of the intestine.
• Gallbladder disease. When there is a problem with the gallbladder — usually gallstones — the gallbladder can be removed. Surgery to remove the gallbladder is also called a cholecystectomy (koh-luh-si-stek-tuh-mee).
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernias. GERD, or acid reflux is when the acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus (food pipe) and causes heartburn. Sometimes it happens because of a hiatal hernia. This is when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, a muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. A surgeon can do a surgery called fundoplication (fun-doh-pluh-cay-shun) to fix it. The surgeon will fix the hernia if there is one and then wrap the top of the stomach around the bottom of the esophagus to strengthen the sphincter, which keeps acid out.
• Hernia. A hernia is when a part of the body (like the intestine) comes through a hole or weak spot in the wall of muscle or connective tissue that’s supposed to protect it (like the abdomen). It doesn’t come through the skin, but a bulge may be felt under the skin that’s not supposed to be there. It can also be painful. Gastrointestinal surgeons can repair the hole or weak spot.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis). With inflammatory bowel disease, the immune system attacks the intestines and causes pain and inflammation. This can lead to damage in the intestine. Sometimes the damaged parts are removed and the healthy parts are reconnected. This is called bowel resection.
• Rectal prolapse. Surgery is used to treat rectal prolapse, a condition in which part of the intestine comes through the anus.
• Weight loss. Different types of bariatric surgery (for example, gastric bypass) may be done to treat obesity. This surgery is usually done by a specialist in bariatric surgery.

A surgical procedure called an endoscopy is used to screen and diagnose problems of the digestive system. The doctor puts a long, thin tube with a tiny camera into the body to see inside. If the problem is with the stomach or esophagus, the doctor puts the scope through the esophagus. To check for colon cancer or other problems of the intestines, the doctor puts the scope through the anus into the intestine.

90,000 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract – diagnosis and treatment in Moscow, price

03.11.2021

The article was checked by a general practitioner Mardanova O.A. is for general informational purposes only and does not replace specialist advice.
For recommendations on diagnosis and treatment, a doctor’s consultation is required.

Abdominal pain is a symptom familiar to every person literally from childhood, and at the same time one of the most frequent complaints of people with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.It is to her, and not to all sorts of dyspeptic phenomena, that people pay attention and come to the therapist with complaints about the work of the digestive system.

Doctors of the therapy department of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza diagnose diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and refer them to specialists to clarify the diagnosis and develop treatment tactics. Close interaction of all specialists of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza allows achieving the best results and saving patients’ time and money.

Causes of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Most diseases of the digestive system are caused by a complex of reasons.For each pathology, it is different, however, the most common of them can be distinguished.

The main factors causing gastrointestinal diseases are divided into external and internal.

Main external factors:

• infections causing, in particular, inflammation of various localization
• exposure to parasites
• inappropriate nutrition
• sedentary
• bad habits, especially smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages
• uncontrolled intake of a number of drugs
• stresses

Main internal factors:

• hereditary predisposition
• congenital anatomical features of the structure of organs
• Autoimmune diseases, when the body’s own defense mechanisms perceive the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract as foreign

As a result of the influence of these factors, pathology can develop in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Major diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The following are the main diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastritis – inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Gastritis is characterized by pain in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching, and stool disorders. Also, patients may notice a deterioration in their general condition.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum – a chronic disease in which ulceration occurs on the mucous membrane of the stomach and (or) duodenum.The disease is characterized by pain in the epigastric region, nausea, heartburn, vomiting. Often, the disease is accompanied by constipation or diarrhea.

Pancreatitis – an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, which is characterized by pain in the left abdomen, nausea and vomiting, and vomit may contain blood, belching, flatulence, pancreatic dyspepsia.

Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder, which is characterized by pain in the right side of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting.Patients are tormented by a bitter taste in the mouth, belching with air, flatulence.

Hepatitis is a viral disease of the liver, which leads to disruption of its functioning. The disease is characterized by jaundice, fatigue, general deterioration, dyspeptic disorders.

Colitis – inflammation of the colon mucosa. Patients with colitis complain of persistent diarrhea, dull aching abdominal pains, nausea, flatulence, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, weakness, irritability, and rapid fatigue.

Crohn’s disease – an autoimmune disease in which the intestinal wall becomes inflamed and metabolic processes are disrupted.

Diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract at the Clinical Hospital on Yauza

Doctors of the therapy department of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza have all the facilities for high-quality diagnostics and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including modern equipment for ultrasound diagnostics and endoscopic examinations.Laboratory tests are also widely used.

After a comprehensive examination, the therapist of the Clinical Hospital on Yauza directs patients to a specialist who prescribes the optimal treatment.

Cost of services

Prices for services You can look at the price list or specify by phone, indicated on the website.

Literature:

3. Bova A.A. Functional diagnostics in the practice of a therapist: a guide for doctors // MIA. 2007.

4. Golofeevsky V.Yu. Classification of diseases of internal organs and methods of therapeutic research: a guide for medical students. universities and practical. Doctors // Folio. 2006.

90,000 Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases | Sanatorium Gorny

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are the second most common after cardiovascular disorders.

However, many gastrointestinal diseases respond well to treatment. This requires a set of certain therapeutic techniques and strict adherence to the diet. You can successfully combine both of these components if you purchase a spa stay and undergo a health-improving course in one of the best sanatoriums for the treatment of diseases of the stomach and intestines.

Main indications for the program of treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the sanatorium “Gorny” in the Caucasus:

The Gorny sanatorium, without exaggeration, occupies a leading position among the sanatoriums of the Krasnodar Territory in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.Alkaline mineral water, used for drinking treatment in the Gorny sanatorium, due to its composition and medicinal properties, is extremely effective precisely for disorders of the digestive system. The sanatorium has its own spacious drinking gallery for receiving mineral water. After a thorough examination, the attending physician will prescribe you an individual mineral water intake program, narrowly focused on the effective treatment of your disease.

List of procedures offered by the program:

The choice is determined individually, according to the underlying disease, as well as your indications and contraindications.

** An indicative list of procedures is indicated.The treatment plan depends on your contraindications and indications. Changes during treatment are possible.

An important component of the program for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in the Gorny sanatorium is a balanced dietary 3 meals a day. All dishes are prepared in compliance with technologies that ensure the maximum preservation of the nutritional value of products. The maximum variety of the diet is provided by a rich assortment of products and a variety of cooking recipes.At the same time, sanitary standards and criteria for the selection of products are strictly observed. If necessary, individual adjustments can be made to the general menu as prescribed by the attending physician.

COST OF THE PROGRAM | REVIEWS

Free services

• Drinking gallery
• Pool
• Wi-Fi
• Secure parking
• Library
• Sports equipment
• Sports grounds
• Sauna

90,000 Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorders – a consequence of many reasons.

Walks along the picturesque places of the Crimean coast and sea clean air effectively complement the complex treatment of the gastrointestinal tract in the Sakropol sanatorium in Crimea.

A team of experienced highly qualified doctors works for patients, who have created all the necessary conditions for rest and recovery on the basis of modern medical equipment. Mineral springs water and lake Saki mud have been glorified for their miraculous power from time immemorial.Applications of lake mud were widely used for diseases of the intestines, stomach, esophagus.

Gastrointestinal mud therapy in Crimea – traditions and innovation

The methods of using healing mud, known for centuries, continue to give high positive results. Along with this, our specialists have improved the methods of mud therapy, adapted them to modern enterology and medical equipment. For each patient, the doctor develops an individual program for the course of therapy.

Treatment of the gastrointestinal tract with Saki mud is an important health factor!

Analysis of many years of experience in the use of mud applications allows stating the growth of positive dynamics in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Complexes of procedures also include the intake of mineral water, oxygen cocktails, salt baths, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, diet, massage.

In the sanatorium of gastrointestinal profile Sakropol today is successfully used a new method of disposable applications.Our mud treatment schemes are unique in their kind and are prescribed for each patient separately.

Indications for gastrointestinal tract treatment in our sanatorium in Saki:

• Chronic gastritis
• Colitis, enterocolitis
• Cholecystitis
• Liver dysfunctions
• Pancreatitis
• Dyskinesia of the gallbladder and excretory tract
• Stomach and duodenal ulcer
• The period of rehabilitation after stomach surgery
• Diabetes mellitus 2 degree

Results of gastrointestinal tract treatment with Saki mud in the sanatorium “Sakropol”:

• acceleration of cell metabolism microcirculation
• tissue oxygenation, nutrient supply
• slag removal
• normalization of lipid metabolism (reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack)
• Decrease in blood sugar
• improvement of the cardiovascular system
• elimination of pain syndrome
• restoration of metabolic processes, weight loss
• improving the quality of health and life

Metabolic disorders – problem of the century

The problem of metabolic disorders today is becoming more and more acute for the majority of modern people.Residents of megacities with readily available fast food and busy work schedules are generally at increased risk. Metabolic processes perform irreplaceable functions for the work of the whole organism.

The main causes of metabolic disorders in the body:

• Improper nutrition (starvation, overeating, oversaturation of carbohydrate food)
• Smoking, alcohol abuse
• Stress, prolonged depression
• Physical inactivity or excessive physical activity

Contraindications:

• Chronic diseases of the digestive system in the acute stage.
• Severe forms of chronic esophagitis, reflux esophagitis with severe cardiac manifestations, reflex angina pectoris, combination of reflux esophagitis with hiatal hernia, subject to surgical treatment.
• Cicatricial narrowing of the esophagus, pylorus, duodenum with impaired patency.
• Strictures of the biliary tract.
• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, complicated by pyloric stenosis, repeated bleeding, ulcer penetration during the last 8-10 months, suspected ulcer malignancy.
• Zollinger-Ellison disease.
• Complications after surgery on the stomach (non-healing postoperative scar, fistulas, adductor loop syndrome, postoperative pancreatitis, severe dumping syndrome, atony of the gastric stump, exacerbation of postoperative gastritis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, severe postvagotomy diarrhea.
• Hyperplastic changes in the gastric mucosa (if it is impossible to exclude malignant transformations).
• Polyposis of the stomach (2 polyps or more), single bleeding polyps of the stomach, adenomatous polyps on a sessile base with dimensions of 1 cm or more with a tendency to increase over the last year.
• Gallstone disease in the presence of frequent and prolonged severe attacks occurring with impaired outflow of bile or signs of active infection (fever, etc.), empyema of the gallbladder.
• Hepatitis A.
• Chronic active hepatitis.
• All forms of jaundice.
• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• Residual effects after viral hepatitis with signs of process activity, pathological abnormalities of liver function tests, including AST and ALT levels, post-hepatitis hyperbiliruinemia (above 21 mmol / l), severe hepatomegaly (the lower edge of the liver protrudes 3 cm or more from under the costal arch along the right mid-clavicular line, inflammation of the gallbladder and biliary tract.
• Enterocolitis with severe malabsorption (exhaustion).
• Chronic dysentery.
• Ulcerative colitis.
• Chronic ulcerative colitis with extensive ulcerative or erosive processes in the rectum and sigmoid colon.
• Bleeding hemorrhoids.
• Intestinal polyposis (2 polyps or more), single bleeding or adenomatous polyps on a broad base measuring 1 cm or more with a tendency to grow.
• Severe forms of chronic pancreatitis within 2 months after exacerbation, as well as complicated by inflammatory cysts or fistulas, significant reduction
  exocrine gland function with severe indigestion and general condition.

The origin of metabolic disorders is not limited to these reasons. Scientists continue to study the etymology of metabolic processes and introduce new ways to combat dangerous diseases: diabetes mellitus, obesity, anorexia, gout, etc.

Here you will receive qualified assistance from endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, physiotherapists at a high professional level. Patients are prescribed mud therapy sessions according to a specially compiled program, taking into account the characteristics of the disease.In the complex of procedures for effective recovery, massage, therapeutic exercises, dietary nutrition, and the correct regimen are recommended.

Patient model

Age category: adults
Disease class XI: diseases of the digestive system
Group of diseases: diseases of the esophagus, stomach and intestine 12p, non-infectious colitis, other diseases of the intestines, peritoneum, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas, other diseases of the digestive system.
ICD-10 code: K 20, K21.0, K 21.9, K22.1, K25, K26, K28, K29.3, K29.4, K29.5, K29.8, K29.9, K58.9, K66.0, K73.0, K7.1, K73.8, K81.1, K83.0, K86.1, K91.1, K91.5
Phase: chronic
Stage: remission
Complication: no complications
Terms of provision: sanatorium and outpatient spa

Treatment for 21 days

TREATMENT PROGRAM (DOWNLOAD)

RECOMMENDED PAID PROCEDURES

In case of contraindications to general mud therapy, the attending physician prescribes either one general exposure procedure:

Where to treat gastrointestinal diseases in Crimea?

For many generations, millions of people have lived by eating various foods – boiled, raw, combining them in various proportions.If we eat something that is not suitable for us, incompatible with the needs and balance of our body, we suffer. Pains, spasms are nothing more than a warning of a dangerous illness. However, due to the amazing tolerance of our body, the punishment may not come immediately. But in many days, months or even years it will come anyway. This is nature’s retribution for violating its laws. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract appear – gastritis, peptic ulcer, colitis, obesity, gout, cholecystitis and others.

Treatment of these diseases begins with the advice of friends, prescriptions by doctors for outpatient or inpatient treatment, and the pinnacle of recovery is spa treatment.

One of the Crimean sanatoriums for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is the Sakropol Sanatorium in the city of Saki. The complex of treatment uses mineral water from well No. 4323 (3-7m) in the city of Saki under the name “Crimean crystal” – sodium bicarbonate chloride. The sanatorium has a medical base of the European level, qualified personnel.

In order to increase the duration of remission of patients, it is recommended to send them to sanatorium-resort treatment at the most dangerous time for a relapse of the disease – in spring and autumn. Here, in the sanatorium, you can conduct a course treatment of obesity, gout, reduce weight without affecting the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.
The healing climate, the care of doctors and unique procedures will restore the lost health and quality of life.

Treatment of diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Treatment of diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract occur in many people and are considered the most common of all other organ diseases.The main reasons for the development of stomach diseases include unhealthy diet, bad habits, overweight, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus. Timely diagnosis and treatment will help avoid complications and consequences of diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Treatment program:

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whitesmoke

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* – not included in the price of the basic voucher, paid according to the current price list.
** – “Mud therapy” service is temporarily unavailable.

You can get acquainted with the price list for “Autumn 2021” vouchers here >>>

The program is compiled individually for each patient, taking into account indications, contraindications and compatibility of procedures.

Contraindications:

• All diseases of the digestive system in the acute phase.
• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase, complicated by pyloric stenosis, repeated bleeding that occurred in the previous 8-10 months, ulcer penetration; suspected malignancy of a stomach ulcer, Solinger-Ellison disease.
• Gastritis: rigid, antral, Menetrie’s disease (hypertrophic gastritis).
• Complications after surgery on the stomach (non-healing postoperative scar, fistulas, adductor loop syndrome, the so-called vicious circle, severe dumping and hypoglycemic syndromes, atony of the stomach stump, peptic ulcer of the jejunum in the acute phase with a tendency to bleeding and penetration into neighboring organs, exacerbation of chronic postoperative gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, severe postvagotomy diarrhea).
• Varicose veins of the esophagus.

Download Basic program for holidaymakers with diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Note:
If the stay is less than 7 days, the appointment of procedures and their number is determined by the attending physician at the initial appointment, on an individual basis, based on the feasibility and possibility of performing the treatment course.

Download the Regulation on the spa treatment of patients with short stays

Additional services:
You can get acquainted with the price list of additional paid services here >>>

90,000 Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract)

People are now talking about proper nutrition everywhere.We all know about beneficial probiotics, the need to drink a certain amount of the “right” water, eat often, little by little, and only healthy foods. However, this does not solve the problem: the number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is growing, they are increasingly diagnosed in childhood.

That is why the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the priority directions in the work of the specialists of the Center for Hepatology and Viral Infections. We understand how important it is to bring together highly qualified professionals involved in the study and treatment of diseases of the digestive system.Some of the best gastroenterologists, hepatologists and infectious disease specialists in St. Petersburg work closely with us. And we can say with confidence that we are able to provide treatment at the highest level.

When is GI treatment necessary?

It is important to understand that many factors affect the health of our digestion, among which, in addition to what we eat and drink, also stress, fatigue, ecology, climate, habits, concomitant diseases, infections and much more. In most cases, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases can be avoided by adhering to a healthy lifestyle.

Therefore, you cannot be reckless about the signals that our body sends – even if it’s just a heaviness in the stomach or heartburn, remedies for which are advertised everywhere and very persistently. Meanwhile, it is possible to resort to their help only in rare cases. It will be much more constructive to consult a doctor, find out the cause of such uncomfortable or painful conditions and eliminate it, and not the symptom.

Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases often requires an integrated approach, patience, strict adherence to the doctor’s recommendations and time.But correctly selected therapy will allow you to feel healthy and vigorous for a long time.

Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Disease:

• The reason for an early appeal to a gastroenterologist is, of course, acute conditions: severe pain in the stomach or intestines (not even constant, but arising periodically), as well as fever accompanying quite tolerable but constant abdominal pain;
• Repetitive pains of any intensity, even those that can be characterized by the words “pulling”, “tingling”, “whining” – require a medical opinion.Treatment of intestinal diseases is much more successful if the doctor identifies the pathology early, at the very first symptoms;
• Be sure to see a doctor if a feeling of heaviness or bloating in the abdomen after a meal occurs regularly. And also if you are often worried about heartburn;
• You should never be reassured if the pain, heaviness in the stomach and nausea become less intense, or if you stop experiencing these painful sensations after eating. After all, this is a sign of a stomach ulcer, and some of its types are deadly;
• Bad breath – often a symptom of a disease of the digestive system, as well as a bitter taste in the mouth, or belching after eating with an unnatural taste;
• Frequent stool disorders (both diarrhea and constipation) indicate a malfunction in the digestive system.In this case, it is better not to postpone the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases;
• Symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disease may include loss of appetite, apathy, deterioration of the skin, hair and nails, peeling of the skin, rashes of unknown origin.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

!!! Useful information for doctors with a certificate in Gastroenterology !!!

The course is suitable for specialists with a certificate (certificate of accreditation) in Gastroenterology, as well as Geriatrics, Dietetics, General practice (family medicine), Therapy, Ultrasound diagnostics, Endoscopy.

The presented course is accredited on the edu.rosminzdrav Portal. You can find it here: https://nmfo-vo.edu.rosminzdrav.ru/#/user-account/view-dpp-pk/f9558d4e-28b8-d8fe-06f0-c6448ddef126

The relevance of the program is due to the increase in cases of diseases gastrointestinal tract. Cases among the population of children and adolescents have become especially frequent. Diseases run for a long time, chronically, giving patients a lot of trouble. Early detection, identification of risk factors, prevention and adequate treatment help to get rid of discomfort and improve the quality of life of patients.The advanced training course will help to gain knowledge in the field of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

TRAINING PROGRAM:
1.Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
-Rational nutrition and diet therapy
-Examination of a patient with pathology of the digestive system (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, intestines, hepatobiliary system, pancreas)
-Chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer of the duodenum, stomach cancer, cancer prevention tactics
-Diseases of the esophagus
-Diseases of the intestine: irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease
-Diverticular disease
-Chronic pancreatitis

AFTER SERVICE get 36 points in your personal account on the edu portal.rosminzdrav.ru
– improve knowledge in the field of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

HOW THE TRAINING IS GOING:
– a course of video lectures (viewing is possible at any convenient time)
– regulatory framework and materials for self-study
You you can study on your own and ask the teachers questions

FORM OF FINAL CERTIFICATION:
Based on the results of mastering the program, final certification is carried out in the form of testing

DURATION OF TRAINING:
36 academic hours (1 week)

AT THE END OF TRAINING
IS ISSUED – ISSUED qualifications
– 36 points in your personal account on the edu portal.rosminzdrav.ru

Dear colleagues, we will be glad to see you in our training center on the NMO portal. For any questions about training, call us by phone 8 800 100 20 63 (free within the Russian Federation)

Sanatorium treatment

Mixed climate and balneotherapy resorts have long and deservedly been popular among people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The effectiveness of the use of mineral waters and therapeutic mud for gastroenterological problems has been proven by numerous scientific studies and many years of practical experience.

In the sanatorium. N.I. Pirogov developed the author’s methods of treating a wide range of diseases of the digestive system using the natural factors of the Saki resort and modern physiotherapeutic procedures. The treatment program is developed individually for each patient, depending on the examination data, the severity of symptoms, the presence of concomitant diseases, the patient’s age and the general condition of his body.

Indications for spa treatment

Sanatorium treatment of chronic diseases of the digestive system is indicated outside the stage of exacerbation.Patients are sent to the sanatorium during the period of remission, but in some cases it is possible to stay in the sanatorium and in the stage of subsiding exacerbation. The decision to send to a sanatorium is made by the attending physician or gastroenterologist based on the patient’s health data.

Indications for treatment:

• gastric and duodenal ulcer in the chronic stage and during rehabilitation after surgery (not earlier than 2 months)
• chronic gastritis, enterocolitis, enteritis and other inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines
• diseases associated with dysfunction of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and biliary tract: cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis and others

Upon admission to the sanatorium, each patient undergoes a comprehensive examination, including a conversation with the attending physician, general and extended biochemical analysis blood and urine, at the discretion of the attending physician, additional diagnostic measures are carried out: ultrasound, ECG, endoscopy.

Expected therapeutic effect

As a result of a complex of therapeutic measures after staying in a sanatorium, most patients note:

• disappearance of pain, heartburn and other clinical manifestations of diseases of the digestive system
• improvement of general well-being and emotional mood
• weight loss
• stable remission

To achieve the maximum effect, the course of spa treatment is at least 21 days long and carried out annually

Treatment program

In the gastroenterological treatment program, the specialists ofN.I. Pirogov makes the most of the unique natural factors of the Saki resort in combination with traditional and innovative technologies of physiotherapy and physiotherapy exercises:

• Mineral water from its own source, extracted from a well on the territory of the sanatorium, is the best means of treating gastrointestinal diseases. It belongs to the chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium low-mineralized waters. Saki mineral water contains sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and other useful substances and minerals.When taken internally, water helps to cleanse the body, normalizes intestinal function, accelerates metabolism, and activates the process of tissue regeneration.
• Mud of the Saki Lake. Applications and wraps with therapeutic mud relieve inflammation, relieve pain and spasms, activate the outflow of bile, and improve the condition of the liver.
• Healing baths. Baths with mineral water accelerate blood circulation, restore the function of the gallbladder, and normalize gastric motility. Balneotherapy is effective for liver damage, peptic ulcer disease and many other gastroenterological diseases.
• Physiotherapy. Weak electric currents, magnetic field, laser radiation relieve spasms and pains, accelerate blood flow, improve the condition of blood vessels.
• Therapeutic gymnastics. A specially developed complex of physiotherapy exercises helps to speed up metabolic processes, reduce weight, and increase the overall tone of the body.
• Diet. Proper balanced nutrition is an indispensable element of the complex of treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The diet in this case is quite strict: fatty and fried foods are excluded from the diet, the consumption of red meat, spicy, salty and pickled dishes, buns, white bread and a number of other products is limited.Such a diet improves bowel function, speeds up metabolism, and gets rid of extra pounds.

Patients with diseases of the digestive system are advised to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air.