Tubal ligation Information | Mount Sinai

Sterilization surgery – female; Tubal sterilization; Tube tying; Tying the tubes; Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure; Contraception – tubal ligation; Family planning – tubal ligation

Tubal ligation is surgery to close a woman’s fallopian tubes. (It is sometimes called “tying the tubes.”) The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. A woman who has this surgery can no longer get pregnant. This means she is “sterile.”

Surgical sterilization which permanently prevents the transport of the egg to the uterus by means of sealing the fallopian tubes is called tubal ligation, commonly called having one’s tubes tied. This operation can be performed laparoscopically or in conjunction with a Cesarean section, after the baby is delivered. Tubal ligation is considered permanent but reversals can be done in many cases.

The ovaries are connected to the uterus by the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes). The egg travels through the tube to the uterus.

Description

Tubal ligation is done in a hospital or outpatient clinic.

• You may receive general anesthesia. You will be asleep and unable to feel pain.
• Or, you will be awake and given spinal anesthesia. You may also receive medicine to make you sleepy.

The procedure takes about 30 minutes.

• Your surgeon will make 1 or 2 small surgical cuts in your belly. Most often, they are around the belly button. Gas may be pumped into your belly to expand it. This helps your surgeon see your uterus and fallopian tubes.
• A narrow tube with a tiny camera on the end (laparoscope) is inserted into your belly. Instruments to block off your tubes will be inserted through the laparoscope or through a separate small cut.
• The tubes are either burned shut (cauterized), clamped off with a small clip or ring (band), or completely removed surgically.

Tubal ligation can also be done right after you have a baby through a small cut in the navel. It can also be done during a C-section.

Why the Procedure Is Performed

Tubal ligation may be recommended for adult women who are sure they do not want to get pregnant in the future. The benefits of the method include a sure way to protect against pregnancy and the lowered risk for ovarian cancer.

Women who are in their 40s or who have a family history of ovarian cancer may want to have the whole tube removed in order to further decrease their risk of later developing ovarian cancer.

However, some women who choose tubal ligation regret the decision later. The younger the woman is, the more likely she will regret having her tubes tied as she gets older.

Tubal ligation is considered a permanent form of birth control. It is NOT recommended as a short-term method or one that can be reversed. However, major surgery can sometimes restore your ability to have a baby. This is called a reversal. More than half of women who have their tubal ligation reversed are able to become pregnant. An alternative to tubal reversal surgery is to have IVF (in vitro fertilization).

Risks

Risks of tubal ligation are:

• Incomplete closing of the tubes, which could make pregnancy still possible. About 1 out of 200 women who have had tubal ligation get pregnant later.
• Increased risk of a tubal (ectopic) pregnancy if pregnancy occurs after a tubal ligation.
• Injury to nearby organs or tissues from surgical instruments.

Before the Procedure

Always tell your health care provider:

• If you are or could be pregnant
• What drugs you are taking, even drugs, herbs, or supplements you bought without a prescription

During the days before your surgery:

• You may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs that make it hard for your blood to clot.
• If you smoke, try to stop. Ask your provider for help quitting.

On the day of your surgery:

• You will most often be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery, or 8 hours before the time of your surgery.
• Take the drugs your provider told you to take with a small sip of water.
• Your provider will tell you when to arrive at the hospital or clinic.

After the Procedure

You will probably go home the same day you have the procedure. You will need a ride home and will need to have someone with you for the first night if you have general anesthesia.

You will have some tenderness and pain. Your provider will give you a prescription for pain medicine or tell you what over-the-counter pain medicine you can take.

After laparoscopy, many women will have shoulder pain for a few days. This is caused by the gas used in the abdomen to help the surgeon see better during the procedure. You can relieve the gas by lying down.

You can return to most normal activities within a few days, but should avoid heavy lifting for 3 weeks.

If you have the hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure, you will need to keep using a birth control method until you have a test called hysterosalpingogram 3 months after the procedure to make sure the tubes are blocked.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most women will have no problems. Tubal ligation is an effective form of birth control. If the procedure is done with laparoscopy or after delivering a baby, you will NOT need to have any further tests to make sure you cannot get pregnant.

Your periods should return to a normal pattern. If you used hormonal birth control or the Mirena IUD before, then your periods will return to your normal pattern after you stop using these methods.

Women who have a tubal ligation have a decreased risk for developing ovarian cancer.

Isley MM. Postpartum care and long-term health considerations. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 24.

Rivlin K, Davis AR. Contraception and abortion. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 13.

Last reviewed on: 1/10/2022

Reviewed by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Tubal Ligation Procedure | Female Sterilization

In This Section

• Sterilization

• How effective is sterilization?

• How safe is sterilization?

• What can I expect if I get a sterilization procedure?

• How do I get a sterilization?

• What are the benefits of sterilization?

• What are the disadvantages of sterilization?

What is sterilization?

Want to make sure pregnancy is not in your future? Sterilization (sometimes called female sterilization, tubal ligation, or “getting your tubes tied”) is a safe and effective surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy.

What are the types of sterilization?

There are a few different types of tubal sterilization procedures: 

• Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that permanently closes, cuts, or removes pieces of your fallopian tubes.

• Bilateral salpingectomy is a surgical procedure that removes your fallopian tubes entirely.

• Essure sterilization is a tiny coil that a doctor puts in your fallopian tubes to block them — it used to be a common form of sterilization, but Essure is no longer available in the U.S.

How does sterilization work?

Every month, an egg leaves one of your ovaries (called ovulation). The egg moves through one of your fallopian tubes for a few days, waiting for sperm to fertilize it. Pregnancy happens if a sperm cell meets up with one of your eggs, and the fertilized egg implants in your uterus. When your fallopian tubes are blocked or removed after a sterilization procedure, sperm can’t get to an egg and cause pregnancy.

During a sterilization procedure, you’re put to sleep so you won’t feel or remember anything. The doctor pumps gas into your belly so they can see your organs clearly. They make a small cut under your belly button and put a tiny camera inside your belly to find your fallopian tubes. Then they put a tool in through another small cut in your lower belly to close off your fallopian tubes. They’ll use heat, clips, or rings to seal your tubes shut, or remove your tubes altogether.

You still get your period after sterilization — you just can’t get pregnant because sperm can’t get to your eggs.

Is sterilization right for me?

Sterilization is permanent — you should only get sterilized if you’re totally sure you don’t want to be able to get pregnant for the rest of your life.

Sterilization may not be a good choice for you if:

• There’s any chance you’ll want to get pregnant in the future.

• You’re being pressured by your partner, friends, or family.

• You hope sterilization will solve problems that may be temporary — like marriage or sexual issues, short-term mental or physical illnesses, or money problems.

It’s safe for most people to get sterilized. Your doctor will talk with you about your health and life to help you decide if sterilization is right for you.

Does sterilization protect against STDs?

Nope. Sterilization won’t protect you or your partners from sexually transmitted infections. Use condoms to help lower your chances of getting or spreading STDs.

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Sterilization

• 99% effective

• Costs up to $6,000, but can be $0

• Surgical procedure

• Do it once, lasts forever

Sterilization doesn’t protect you from STDs. Use a condom to help stop STDs.

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The name of Academician Gorynin was inscribed in the name of the Central Research Institute of KM “Prometheus” – Nauka

ST. PETERSBURG, March 10. /Corr. TASS Natalia Mikhalchenko/. The name of Academician Igor Gorynin was given to the Central Research Institute of Structural Materials “Prometheus”, where high-tech materials for the army and industry have been created since the pre-war period. Signs were replaced on the building of the Institute on Shpalernaya Street. The new ones say that the institute bears the name of Gorynin, who would have turned 90 today, a TASS correspondent reports.

Institute staff explained that the letters on the plates are made of the same unique titanium alloy, from which the hulls of the world’s fastest and deepest submarines are made. This alloy, like many other high-tech materials, was developed by Academician Gorynin.

“Now we can all be called Gorynychs again. I think Igor Vasilyevich would be happy about that,” director Alexei Oryshchenko said at the opening ceremony of the institute’s new signs.

Father of the titanium industry

The Institute was named after the academician less than a year after his death on May 9, 2015 at the age of 90.

Gorynin worked at the institute for 66 years and was its director for 31 years, his developments constituted “an entire era in domestic science and industry.” “Riveted corvettes and cruisers have been replaced by welded ship hulls, and composite materials have replaced ship steel,” the director of the Central Research Institute is convinced.

With his participation in 1958, materials were created for the hull of the first Soviet nuclear submarines, 10 years later – the first titanium submarines. “Gorynin’s talent and foresight helped the country create a titanium industry from scratch in the 1950s,” Oryshchenko noted. “Prometheus went to the mines, helped build the technological cycle for smelting titanium, and created materials for the hulls of titanium submarines, the fastest and deepest in the world. ”

At a speed of 47 knots, the boat could go at depths of 1 kilometer and 1 meter. They went on duty in the oceans in the 70s of the XX century, and in terms of service life they were almost eternal, but at 9In the 0s, Russia lost most of the titanium boats, they were cut up under bilateral Russian-American agreements, and only a few titanium submarines remained. Gorynin managed to create materials for three generations of submarines and increase their main parameter – immersion depth – by 2.5 times.

Fleet, energy, urban environment

Currently, the entire modern Russian fleet, both military and civilian, contains metal and non-metal composite materials created in Prometheus. AT 9In the 0s, the Central Research Institute created materials for cold-resistant pipes of gas pipelines; today, for nuclear energy, materials for nuclear reactor vessels of nuclear power plants with a resource of 100 years have been developed here. The first building is ready. Rosatom decided to build reactor vessels only from Prometheus structural materials.

The material from which the letters of the new “Prometheus” signs are made is used to create the Armillary Sphere on the main building of the Kunstkamera, the symbol of the Academy of Sciences, as well as the heating system of the State Hermitage.

Keeper of History

A year before his death, Academician Gorynin completed his “biography of Prometheus”, for the first time telling about the creation of the institute in print. The first director of the Central Research Institute, Andrey Zavyalov, was able to convince Stalin of the need to strengthen tank armor, and in the 2 pre-war years, Soviet science and industry managed to do this, creating the best tank of World War II – the T-34.

9 0002 In recent years, the academician was the president and scientific director of the Central Research Institute, blessing “Prometheus” to join the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” as a structural unit. On February 3, 2016, the government of the Russian Federation approved this merger. This was announced by Alexei Oryshchenko at a ceremony in honor of naming the institute after its former director.

Short, beautiful and unusual names for girls that bring happiness – how to choose a name for a child in 2022-2023 – October 10, 2022

Have you thought about the name of the future heiress for a long time?

Photo: Evgeny Vdovin / 161.RU

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In 2021, Muscovites most often called girls Sofia, Maria, Anna, Alice and Eva. It is said that this rating remains unchanged almost every year. Unusual names in 2021 were also in price, Apollonia, Marceline, Augustine, Zemfira, Lolita, Mary, Teresa, Malvina, Ariely, Medea, Electra and even the Muses live in the capital. Our colleagues from Wday.ru studied the shortest and most unusual names, which are also often called babies now.

The name Iya has Greek roots and means “violet”. There is a version that the name Iya is mistakenly translated as the name of a flower, and in this context this meaning appeared in the name after the name Iya was associated with the name Evdokia. This name was borne by one of the venerable martyrs – Saint Iya (Eudokia).

This is a very rare name, since it does not contain a single consonant letter, therefore, a huge energy lies in the character of its owner. Iya is constantly full of emotions and experiences that she cannot contain. This is a very irritable and proud person. Her feelings constantly require an outlet, so she can lose her temper over any little thing. Thanks to her wonderful sense of humor, she can show her intemperance in the form of a funny joke. With age, this emotionality may decrease, but only slightly. This circumstance greatly complicates the life of Iya.

The name Asya is a female name with different versions of origin. According to one of them, the name Asya is derived from the name Asta, which in turn is directly related to the name Astrid, and therefore, accordingly, is of Scandinavian origin. In this case, the name Asya will mean “divinely beautiful” or “passionate.” This form of the name has become more widespread outside the Scandinavian and German-speaking countries.

The girl Asya is a very humane person, she can be called an altruist, because Asya always tries to take care of someone, thinks about the interests of other people. She is capable of sudden inspirations and bursts of creativity, but Asya has to somehow get along with her dreams and aspirations with real opportunities, find the line between life for herself and life for the good of society. Asya’s lofty aspirations and ideals are poorly adapted to everyday reality, which gives her mental anguish and can shake her fragile nervous balance.

The name Zoya in ancient Greek means “life”. This name corresponds to the biblical Eve and the ancient Slavic Zhiva. The name Zoya does not have a paired male name.

A woman with this name has a balanced and stable psyche, a strong will. Zoya does not demand too much from life, but accepts it as it is. She does not dream of changing the whole world, and also does not seek to accumulate wealth, as she is completely indifferent to this. Zoya takes any turn in her life for granted, drawing at least some lesson from every everyday situation. She does not like to move from place to place, to change the situation, because the impressions received during the move make her psychologically very tired.

In preparing the article, the editors used materials from the portal kakzovut.ru

Photo: Aleksandra Mamontova / 76.RU

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The name Eve is the name of the progenitor of all mankind. It comes from the Hebrew name Hava, meaning “giving life”, “life”. In a modern context, it can be translated as “live”, “mobile”, “naughty”.

A woman named Eve has a strong-willed character, which is complemented by the ability to control herself in any situation. She has such qualities as poise, restraint, perseverance and attentiveness. Eva has her own, different from others, view of everything that can happen in life, she always has her own opinion on various issues as a priority, which does not depend on what others may think. Such a woman has an increased level of intelligence. If any enterprise seems to her questionable in terms of morality or law, she will never get involved in it. A woman named Eva, as a rule, has a flexible and resourceful mind. Eve is reasonable: she trusts facts and logic more than her intuition. She tries to plan and build her own life and determine the values ​​​​in it.

One of the favorite names of Americans and Norwegians. Some sociologists attribute this to the fact that “Ada” is the name of a universal programming language. The name was not chosen by chance, that was the name of the English mathematician, Countess Lovelace, daughter of the poet Byron.

Ada is diligent, studies well at school, always achieves her goals. He does not like gossip and empty talk, so Ada often makes friends with boys. For this, she is disliked by the fair sex.

Leo Tolstoy probably did not know about this name. His Natasha Rostova is a typical Elya. Cheerful, cheerful, charming. She cannot be called the first beauty, but she has a perky spark and sincerity that captivate. Lives not by reason, but by feelings.

The most important thing for Eli is family. For the sake of loved ones, she is ready for anything. An ideal hostess and mother. It is hard to experience betrayal and lies. For Eli, there is nothing worse than disappointment in those people to whom she is attached. She is never indifferent, does not like calm people who live without emotions.

Many people think that Taya and Taisiya are the same name. But there is a separate name for Tai, which came to Russia from Great Britain. Taya is a real lady. Feminine, sensitive, tender, educated, intelligent. Even if Taya was born in a poor family, it will seem that this girl is blue-blooded.

Taya does not believe in miracles, so she creates her own fairy tale. She lives by the principle “if you want to be happy – be it.” She succeeds. Taya loves her family. She will never say a bad word about her husband and children (even if her husband is far from ideal). Taya is the woman for whom men are ready to change. Usually they say about such people “fatal”.

Yuna’s name has several origins. According to one of them, the name Yuna is a derivative name from the name of Juvenaly, or rather a short reference to this male name. But over time, Yuna began to sound like a woman and turned into a feminine version of this name. The name Juvenal comes from the Roman cognomen “Juvenalis”, which literally translates as “youthful, young”, so the name Yuna means “young”.

Little Yuna has a very difficult and stubborn character. Her parents have a hard time with her. From birth, Yuna will receive such qualities as generosity, kindness, intelligence, justice, modesty, sociability. The only downside is unpredictability. Yuna tends to do something first, and then think about her act. However, she does well in school. The girl is surprisingly easy to learn foreign languages, which in subsequent years can form the basis of her profession. Yuna does not lag behind in the exact sciences, giving preference to mathematics.

One of the meanings of this name is “generous”, “giving”. Hardworking, calm, modest, inquisitive, punctual. Faya in the team always becomes the soul of the company.

Outwardly inert and inactive, Faya is actually energetic and quick in her movements. She has some nervousness and suspiciousness, she is friendly and responsive. It’s hard for Faya to sit still, she needs to hurry somewhere, to help someone. This girl always wants to be the center of attention. This is a highly spiritual, sensual and peaceful woman. Nevertheless, she is capable of lying, which she always considers a “white lie”. Significant events in Faya’s life always cause a violent reaction in her, she is very sensitive and impulsive. Faya does not know how to restrain herself, control over emotions leads to an even greater outburst of them. This woman combines sincerity and independence, responsiveness and pride, but she will never harbor anger at the person who offended her.

The whole world should revolve around Leah. She does not hide her selfishness. The one who loves himself can love others. In marriage, he values ​​​​independence and freedom.

Housekeeping, cooking, handicrafts – all this is not for Leah. She loves beauty salons, traveling, parties. At the same time, Leah is always faithful to her husband. She is not capable of a double life. Leah will be happy with someone who will save her from the routine and give her vivid emotions. She herself is also able to give a truly sweet life.

Naming a child by a name, the meaning of which is interpreted as happy or lucky, of course, is an excellent start, but still it is not a guarantee of this very happiness. Parents can also do something for their child. For example, learn and apply the three-minute rule, which everyone who has children should know.

Psychologist Alex Roitblat explained how to properly hug and listen to a child so that after three minutes he would be absolutely happy and satisfied, and so every day.

The fact is that many adults have a habit of inserting irrelevant remarks into the story of relatives, friends or colleagues. At the same time, part of the story flies in one ear and immediately flies out the other. In the rule of the first three minutes, such a skill is superfluous. Learn to actively listen to the child, delving into everything that he says, remembering the key points. By the way, you can return to them a couple of days later, recalling what you were talking about. So children understand that they are really heard, and not just assent out of politeness. The main thing is not to interrupt the child in mid-sentence, do not start arguing, proving that he is wrong.

Just listen carefully for the first three minutes: boys and girls take on average that much time to talk about the events of the day. And after that, feel free to ask questions. Show the child the right direction so that he can correct what happened due to his fault. Or rejoice for his small victories.

The experts also shared 7 simple phrases that will help your child grow up successful. Sometimes it’s enough just to join the child’s experiences and say that you, too, are sad, scared and embarrassed.