What causes peptic ulcers? What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers? How are peptic ulcers diagnosed and treated?

Understanding Peptic Ulcers

A peptic ulcer is a sore or lesion that forms in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. These ulcers are caused by an imbalance between the digestive acids produced by the stomach and the protective mechanisms that normally shield the stomach and duodenal lining.

Common Causes of Peptic Ulcers

The two most common causes of peptic ulcers are:

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: H. pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach and cause inflammation, leading to the development of peptic ulcers. It is present in 50-70% of people with duodenal ulcers and 30-50% of those with stomach ulcers.
2. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can weaken the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, making them more susceptible to damage from stomach acid.

Other Factors that Contribute to Peptic Ulcers

While H. pylori infection and NSAID use are the primary causes, other factors can also play a role in the development of peptic ulcers:

• Smoking: People who smoke are more likely to develop peptic ulcers, and their ulcers tend to heal more slowly and are more likely to recur.
• Alcohol: Although alcohol can increase stomach acid production, moderate alcohol consumption does not appear to directly cause peptic ulcers or delay their healing.
• Stress: There is some evidence that high levels of stress can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers, particularly in the context of severe illness, injury, or traumatic events.
• Genetics: Individuals with a family history of peptic ulcer disease are more likely to develop the condition themselves, especially in the case of duodenal ulcers.

Symptoms of Peptic Ulcers

The symptoms of peptic ulcers can vary depending on the location of the ulcer and the individual’s age. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort, which may be worse on an empty stomach or improved after eating
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating or a feeling of fullness
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss

It’s important to note that some individuals, particularly older adults, may experience atypical or no symptoms at all, making the diagnosis more challenging.

Diagnosing Peptic Ulcers

To diagnose a peptic ulcer, healthcare providers typically perform the following:

1. Medical history and physical examination: The healthcare provider will ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history to determine the likely cause of the ulcer.
2. Upper endoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a flexible, lighted tube with a camera (endoscope) down the throat and into the stomach and duodenum to visually inspect the lining and identify any ulcers.
3. Helicobacter pylori testing: The healthcare provider may order a test to detect the presence of H. pylori bacteria, which can be done through a blood, breath, or stool test.

Treating Peptic Ulcers

The treatment for peptic ulcers typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes:

• Medications: Healthcare providers may prescribe medications to reduce stomach acid production, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 (H2) blockers. If H. pylori is present, antibiotics may also be prescribed to eradicate the infection.
• Lifestyle changes: Patients may be advised to avoid irritants like NSAIDs, quit smoking, and reduce stress levels, as these factors can contribute to the development and recurrence of peptic ulcers.

With appropriate treatment, most peptic ulcers can heal within 4 to 8 weeks. However, it’s important to follow the healthcare provider’s recommendations to prevent the ulcer from returning.

Preventing Peptic Ulcers

To help prevent the development of peptic ulcers, individuals can take the following steps:

• Avoid or limit the use of NSAIDs, especially if you have a history of peptic ulcers
• Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, and other healthy coping mechanisms
• Maintain a balanced and nutrient-rich diet

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and management of peptic ulcers, individuals can take proactive steps to prevent and address this common digestive health issue.

Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders

A peptic ulcer is a round or oval sore where the lining of the stomach or duodenum has been eaten away by stomach acid and digestive juices.

• Peptic ulcers can result from infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or from use of medications, such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), that weaken the lining of the stomach or duodenum.

• Discomfort caused by ulcers comes and goes and tends to be related to meals (sometimes better after eating and sometimes worse after eating).

• The diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease is based on symptoms of stomach pain and on the results of an examination of the stomach with a flexible viewing tube (upper endoscopy) and of Helicobacter pylori testing.

• Medications are given to reduce acid in the stomach, and antibiotics often are given to eliminate Helicobacter pylori.

(See also Introduction to Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Introduction to Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease involve damage to the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine). These disorders are usually caused by Stomach acid (hydrochloric… read more .)

Ulcers penetrate into the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). Ulcers may range in size from several millimeters to several centimeters.

Ulcers can occur at any age, including infancy and childhood, but are most common among middle-aged adults.

Gastritis Gastritis Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining. The inflammation can be caused by many factors, including infection, stress resulting from severe illness, injury, use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal… read more (stomach inflammation) may develop into ulcer disease.

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The names given to specific ulcers identify their anatomic locations or the circumstances under which they developed.

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Duodenal ulcers, the most common type of peptic ulcer, occur in the first few inches of the duodenum.

Gastric ulcers (stomach ulcers) are less common and usually occur in the lower part of the stomach.

Marginal ulcers can develop when part of the stomach has been removed surgically, at the point where the remaining stomach has been reconnected to the intestine.

Stress ulcers, like those that form in acute stress gastritis, can occur as a result of the stress of severe illness, skin burns, or injury. Stress ulcers occur in the stomach and the duodenum.

Ulcers develop when the normal defense and repair mechanisms of the lining of the stomach or duodenum are weakened, making the lining more likely to be damaged by stomach acid.

By far, the two most common causes of peptic ulcers are

• Helicobacter pylori infection Helicobacter pylori Infection Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a bacterial infection that causes stomach inflammation ( gastritis), peptic ulcer disease, and certain types of stomach cancer. The… read more of the stomach

• Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Pain relievers (analgesics) are the main drugs used to treat pain. Doctors choose a pain reliever based on the type and duration of pain and on the drug’s likely benefits and risks. Most pain… read more (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen

H. pylori infection is present in 50 to 70% of people with duodenal ulcers and in 30 to 50% of people with stomach ulcers.

NSAID use causes more than 50% of peptic ulcers. However, most people who take NSAIDs do not develop peptic ulcers.

People who smoke are more likely to develop a peptic ulcer than people who do not smoke, and their ulcers heal more slowly and are likely to return.

Although alcohol increases stomach acid production, drinking moderate amounts of alcohol does not seem to cause ulcers or delay their healing.

Stress may cause ulcers. Doctors found a higher incidence of ulcer disease in Japan after an earthquake and in New York after the terrorist attacks of 9/11.

A rare cause of peptic ulcers is a type of cancer that releases a hormone called gastrin that causes excess acid production (see Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Gastrinoma A gastrinoma is a tumor usually in the pancreas or duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine) that produces excessive levels of the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the stomach to… read more ). The symptoms of cancerous ulcers are very similar to those of noncancerous ulcers. However, cancerous ulcers usually do not respond well to the treatments used for noncancerous ulcers.

About 50 to 60% of children who have duodenal ulcers have a family history of peptic ulcer disease.

Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease can vary with the location of the ulcer and the person’s age. For example, children, older people, and people whose ulcers were caused by NSAIDs may not have the usual symptoms or may have no symptoms at all. In these instances, ulcers are discovered only when complications Complications A peptic ulcer is a round or oval sore where the lining of the stomach or duodenum has been eaten away by stomach acid and digestive juices. Peptic ulcers can result from infection with Helicobacter… read more develop.

The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is

The pain is typically described as gnawing, burning, aching, or soreness or sometimes as a sensation of hunger and is usually located in the upper abdomen just below the breastbone. It is usually relieved by food or antacids. The typical ulcer tends to heal and return. Thus, pain may occur for days or weeks, then wane or disappear, and then return again when the ulcer returns. Only about half of people have typical symptoms.

Duodenal ulcer symptoms tend to follow a pattern. People usually do not have pain when they awaken, but pain appears by mid-morning. Drinking milk or eating (which buffers stomach acid) or taking antacids generally relieves the pain, but it usually returns 2 or 3 hours later. Pain that awakens the person during the night is common. Frequently, the pain occurs one or more times a day over a period of one to several weeks and then may go away without treatment. However, pain usually returns, often within the first 2 years and occasionally after several years. People generally develop patterns and often learn by experience when a recurrence is likely (commonly in spring and fall and during periods of stress).

The symptoms of gastric ulcers, marginal ulcers, and stress ulcers, unlike those of duodenal ulcers, do not follow any pattern. Eating may relieve pain temporarily or may cause pain rather than relieve it. Gastric ulcers sometimes cause scarring and swelling of the tissues (edema) that lead into the small intestine, which may prevent food from easily passing out of the stomach. This blockage may cause bloating, nausea, or vomiting after eating.

Most peptic ulcers can be cured without complications. However, in some cases, peptic ulcers can develop potentially life-threatening complications, such as

Bleeding (hemorrhage) is the most common complication of ulcers even when they are not painful (see Gastrointestinal Bleeding Gastrointestinal Bleeding Bleeding may occur anywhere along the digestive (gastrointestinal or GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. Blood may be easily seen by the naked eye (overt), or blood may be present in amounts… read more ). Vomiting bright red blood or reddish brown clumps of partially digested blood that look like coffee grounds (hematemesis) and passing black tarry stools (melena) or obviously bloody stools (hematochezia) can be symptoms of a bleeding ulcer. Small amounts of blood in the stool may not be noticeable but, if persistent, can still lead to anemia Overview of Anemia Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells is low. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that enables them to carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to all parts… read more . Blood loss may also cause weakness, a decrease in blood pressure when a person stands up, sweating, thirst, and fainting.

Bleeding may result from other digestive conditions as well, but doctors begin their investigation by looking for the source of bleeding in the stomach and duodenum. Unless bleeding is massive, a doctor uses a flexible viewing tube (endoscope) to do an upper endoscopy Diagnosis A peptic ulcer is a round or oval sore where the lining of the stomach or duodenum has been eaten away by stomach acid and digestive juices. Peptic ulcers can result from infection with Helicobacter… read more . If a bleeding ulcer is seen, the endoscope can be used to cauterize it (that is, stop the bleeding with heat). A doctor may also use the endoscope to inject a material that causes a bleeding ulcer to clot.

If the source cannot be found and the bleeding is not severe, treatments include taking medications that suppress the production of acid, such as histamine-2 (h3) blockers or proton pump inhibitors. The person also often receives fluids by vein and takes nothing by mouth, so the digestive tract can rest. If these measures fail, surgery may be needed.

An ulcer can go through (penetrate) the muscular wall of the stomach or duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine) and continue into an adjacent organ, such as the liver or pancreas. This penetration causes intense, piercing, persistent pain, which may be felt in another area of the body other than the area involved. For example, the back may hurt when a duodenal ulcer penetrates the pancreas. The pain may intensify when the person changes position.

Doctors use imaging tests such as computed tomography Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Digestive Tract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are good tests for assessing the size and location of abdominal organs. Additionally, cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous… read more (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Digestive Tract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are good tests for assessing the size and location of abdominal organs. Additionally, cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous… read more (MRI) to diagnose penetrations.

If medications do not heal the ulcer, surgery may be needed.

Ulcers on the front surface of the duodenum or, less commonly, the stomach, can go through the wall, creating an opening (perforation Perforation of the Digestive Tract Any of the hollow digestive organs may become perforated (punctured), which causes a release of intestinal contents and can lead to sepsis (a life-threatening infection of the bloodstream) and. .. read more ) to the free space in the abdominal cavity. The resulting pain is sudden, intense, and steady. The pain rapidly spreads throughout the abdomen. The person may feel pain in one or both shoulders. Breathing deeply and changing position worsen the pain, so the person often tries to lie very still. The abdomen is tender when touched, and the tenderness worsens if a doctor presses deeply and then suddenly releases the pressure. (Doctors call this rebound tenderness.)

Symptoms of perforation may be less intense in older people, in people taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, or in very ill people. A fever indicates an infection in the abdominal cavity. If the condition is not treated, shock may develop.

Doctors do x-rays or CT to aid the diagnosis.

This emergency situation (called an acute abdomen) requires immediate surgery and antibiotics given by vein.

Swelling of inflamed tissues around an ulcer or scarring from previous ulcer flare-ups can narrow the outlet from the stomach or narrow the duodenum. A person with this type of obstruction Intestinal Obstruction An obstruction of the intestine is a blockage that completely stops or seriously impairs the passage of food, fluid, digestive secretions, and gas through the intestines. The most common causes… read more may vomit repeatedly—often regurgitating large volumes of food eaten hours earlier. A feeling of being unusually full after eating, bloating, and a lack of appetite are symptoms of obstruction. Over time, vomiting can cause weight loss, dehydration, and an imbalance in body chemicals (electrolytes Overview of Electrolytes Well over half of the body’s weight is made up of water. Doctors think about the body’s water as being restricted to various spaces, called fluid compartments. The three main compartments are… read more ).

Doctors base the diagnosis of obstruction on the results of x-rays.

Treating the ulcer and swelling with medications relieves the obstruction in most cases, but severe obstructions caused by scarring may require endoscopic dilation or surgery.

People with ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori Infection Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a bacterial infection that causes stomach inflammation ( gastritis), peptic ulcer disease, and certain types of stomach cancer. The… read more are 3 to 6 times more likely to develop stomach cancer Stomach Cancer A Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for stomach cancer. Vague abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and weakness are some typical symptoms. Diagnosis includes endoscopy and biopsy… read more later in life. There is no increased risk of developing cancer from ulcers that have other causes.

• Upper endoscopy

A doctor suspects an ulcer when a person has characteristic stomach pain. Sometimes the doctor simply treats the person for an ulcer to see whether the symptoms resolve (called empiric therapy). If the symptoms resolve, the person most likely had an ulcer.

Tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis, especially when symptoms do not resolve after a few weeks of treatment, or when they first appear in a person who is over age 45 or who has other symptoms such as weight loss, because stomach cancer can cause similar symptoms. Also, when severe ulcers resist treatment, particularly if a person has several ulcers or the ulcers are in unusual places, a doctor may suspect an underlying condition that causes the stomach to overproduce acid.

To help diagnose ulcers and determine their cause, the doctor does upper endoscopy Endoscopy Endoscopy is an examination of internal structures using a flexible viewing tube (endoscope). In addition to examinations, doctors can use endoscopy to do biopsies and give treatment. Endoscopes… read more (a procedure done using a flexible viewing tube called an endoscope).

During endoscopy, a doctor can do a biopsy (removal of a tissue sample for examination under a microscope) to determine if a gastric ulcer is cancerous and to help identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. An endoscope also can be used to stop active bleeding and decrease the likelihood of recurring bleeding from an ulcer.

VIDEO

Blood tests to measure gastrin levels are done in people who may have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Gastrinoma A gastrinoma is a tumor usually in the pancreas or duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine) that produces excessive levels of the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the stomach to… read more .

Because infection with H. pylori bacteria is a major cause of ulcers, treatment of H. pylori infection with two antibiotics together with bismuth subsalicylate and a proton pump inhibitor (called quadruple therapy) is given when infection is diagnosed. Several different antibiotics may be used, including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. Some treatments include two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor without bismuth subsalicylate (called triple therapy).

Acid-reducing medications block the production of stomach acid. The most commonly used acid-reducing medications include proton pump inhibitors Proton Pump Inhibitors Stomach acid plays a role in a number of disorders of the stomach, including peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although the amount of acid present in the stomach… read more and histamine-2 (h3) blockers Histamine-2 (h3) Blockers Stomach acid plays a role in a number of disorders of the stomach, including peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although the amount of acid present in the stomach… read more (see also Medications for the Treatment of Stomach Acid Medications for the Treatment of Stomach Acid Stomach acid plays a role in a number of disorders of the stomach, including peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although the amount of acid present in the stomach… read more ). Proton pump inhibitors promote healing of ulcers in a greater percentage of people in a shorter period of time than do h3 blockers and thus are typically preferred to h3 blockers for treating ulcers.

Antacids Antacids Stomach acid plays a role in a number of disorders of the stomach, including peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Although the amount of acid present in the stomach… read more , such as liquids or tablets that contain calcium carbonate or similar substances, neutralize stomach acid but do not block its production.

Neutralizing or reducing stomach acid promotes healing of peptic ulcers regardless of the cause. In most people, treatment is continued for 4 to 8 weeks. Although bland diets may help reduce acid, no evidence supports the belief that such diets speed healing or keep ulcers from recurring. Nevertheless, it makes sense for people to avoid foods that seem to make pain and bloating worse. Eliminating possible stomach irritants, such as NSAIDs, alcohol, and nicotine, is also important.

Surgery for ulcers is now rarely needed because medications so effectively heal peptic ulcers and endoscopy so effectively stops active bleeding. Surgery is used primarily to deal with complications of a peptic ulcer, such as

• A perforation

• An obstruction that fails to respond to medication or that recurs

• Two or more major episodes of bleeding ulcers

• A gastric ulcer suspected of being cancerous

• Severe and frequent recurrences of peptic ulcers

A number of different surgical procedures may be done to treat these complications. Surgery can also be done to reduce the production of acid and ensure the stomach can drain properly. However, ulcers may recur after surgery, and each procedure may cause problems of its own, such as weight loss, poor digestion, frequent bowel movements (dumping syndrome Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ), and anemia.

If Helicobacter pylori infection is successfully treated, peptic ulcer disease comes back in only 10% of people. However, peptic ulcer disease comes back in 50% of infected people when Helicobacter pylori infection is not eradicated.

Peptic-Ulcers – HealthyChildren.

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The highly acidic digestive juices in the stomach and bowel can erode the delicate lining of the gastrointestinal tract, causing sores known as ulcers. The most common site is the duodenum: the portion of the small intestine that receives the soupy mixture of semidigested food from the stomach. Both duodenal ulcers and gastric (stomach) ulcers are referred to as “peptic” ulcers. The name alludes to pepsin, the digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down the protein in food.

Doctors used to believe that all ulcers were caused by diet and stress. We now know that a bacterium known as Helicobacter pylori is behind many adult ulcers. The percentage of adolescent ulcer patients infected with H. pylori may be in the neighborhood of 25 percent. Scientists believe that this common microorganism enters our bodies via food and water, and possibly through kissing. Half of all men and women over sixty carry the bacteria. Why the majority of them never develop peptic ulcer disease is a question still in search of an answer.

Symptoms that Suggest Peptic Ulcers may Include:

• Sharp, burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen that lasts anywhere from thirty minutes to three hours and comes and goes
• Appetite loss
• Weight loss
• Weight gain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Blood-tinged vomit
• Bloody stool
• Bloating
• Belching
• Anemia

How Ulcers Are Diagnosed

Physical examination and thorough medical history, plus one or more of the following procedures:

• Endoscopic exam of the stomach (gastroscopy) or the upper bowel (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), including tissue biopsy, to detect H. pylori bacteria

To locate the source of gastrointestinal bleeding, the doctor may order one or more of the following:

• Stool blood test
• Complete blood count
• Prothrombin time blood test
• Angiogram
• Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
• Scintigraphic studies
• CAT (CT) scan
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

How Ulcers Are Treated

• Drug therapy: “When I started in gastroenterology in the 1970s,” says Dr. Alan Lake, a pediatrician and pediatric gastroenterologist at Baltimore’s Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, “I was subjecting six to eight patients a year to partial removal of their stomachs to treat chronic peptic ulcer disease. But since the mid 1980s, I haven’t sent a single patient to surgery. The medication options that are now available have virtually eliminated the need for an operation.”

Several types of drugs are typically incorporated into treatment:

• Nonprescription antacids, taken intermittently to neutralize excess stomach acid and relieve abdominal pain.
• H2 blockers (cimetidine, rantidine, famotidine), which reduce acid production in the digestive tract.
• Antibiotics, if diagnostic tests reveal the presence of H. pylori.
• Acid pump inhibitors (omeprazole).
• Mucosal protective agents (sucralfate, misoprostol).

Youngsters taking h3 blockers should begin to feel significantly better after several weeks. The medication can then be discontinued. Your child can also resume eating normally; the bland diet of old has not been found to help treat or prevent ulcers. Should the disease recur—as happens in half to four-fifths of all cases—most pediatricians would recommend staying on the drug for six months to two years.

Last Updated

11/21/2015

Source

Adapted from Caring for Your Teenager (Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Pediatrics)

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

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Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum: symptoms and treatment

Content

• 1 Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum: causes, symptoms and effective treatment
  • 1.1 Peptic ulcer: what is it?
    • 1.1.1 Definition of peptic ulcer
    • 1.1.2 Causes of peptic ulcer
    • 1.1.3 Symptoms of peptic ulcer
    • 1.1.4 Treatment of peptic ulcer and duodenum
    • 1.3 Symptoms of peptic ulcer
    • 1.4 Diagnosis of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
      • 1.4.1 Complaints and anamnesis
      • 1.4.2 Objective examination
      • 1.4.3 Additional research methods 9 0010
    • 1.5 Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers intestines
    • 1.6 Prevention of peptic ulcer
    • 1. 7 Proper nutrition is the main factor in the treatment of peptic ulcer
      • 1.7.1 Basic rules of nutrition for peptic ulcer
      • 1.7.2 Essential foods for peptic ulcers
      • 1.7.3 Foods to avoid for peptic ulcers
    • 1.8 Medicines that help peptic ulcers
    • 1.9 Conventional treatments for peptic ulcers
    • 1.10 Modern methods of treatment of peptic ulcer
    • 1.11 Complications of peptic ulcer
      • 1.11.1 Bleeding
      • 1.11.2 Stenosis
      • 1.11.3 Perforation
    • 1.12 Related videos:
    • 1.13 Question-answer:
      • • 1.13.0.1
        • 1.13.0.2 Is it possible to treat peptic ulcer on my own?
        • 1.13.0.3 How to eat properly with peptic ulcer?
        • 1.13.0.4 What is Helicobacter pylori?
        • 1.13.0.5 How is peptic ulcer diagnosed?
        • 1.13.0.6 What medications can help peptic ulcers?

  Learn about the symptoms and treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers, including diet, medications, and possible complications. Read on for tips on preventing and tidying up your digestive system.

  Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a common disease that often occurs in young and middle-aged people. It manifests itself in the form of an ulcer on the mucous membrane of the stomach or first intestine, which causes many unpleasant symptoms and can lead to serious complications.

  Peptic ulcer symptoms range from stomach pain after eating to nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss. If the condition worsens, bloody vomiting, pain in the chest or side may occur, which requires immediate medical attention.

  Modern methods of treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers can effectively fight the disease and prevent complications. However, for proper diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to immediately contact a gastroenterologist and undergo a number of necessary examinations, including endoscopy and blood tests.

  Peptic ulcer: what is it?

  Peptic ulcer definition

  Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease characterized by the formation of ulcers in the wall of the stomach or duodenum. This case is the most common cause of all ulcerative lesions of the digestive system. The disease can appear at any age, but is most common in people between the ages of 30 and 50.

  Causes of peptic ulcer

  Peptic ulcer most often occurs due to a violation of the acid metabolism in the stomach. The foods we eat are broken down by enzymes and acids in the stomach, which can cause a lack of mucus in the wall of the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers can also be caused by stress, smoking, drinking alcohol, an unbalanced diet, certain medications, and a genetic predisposition.

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer

  • Pain in the stomach, which can be described as burning, stitching or dull pain. It can occur both during meals and 2-3 hours after eating.
  • Discomfort and feeling of fullness in the stomach.
  • After eating – belching, heartburn, nausea or vomiting.
  • Loss of appetite and weight loss.
  • Black or bloody stools due to bleeding from an ulcer in the intestines.

  Treatment of peptic ulcer

  Treatment of peptic ulcer is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process, suppressing acidity in the stomach and treating infection. To do this, the doctor may prescribe drugs that reduce acidity and anti-inflammatory drugs. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to treat the infection that often occurs in the stomach with peptic ulcers. It is important to monitor nutrition and follow a diet that excludes fatty, sour and spicy foods. Complications may require surgery. Treatment should only be carried out under medical supervision.

  Causes of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

  Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum is a chronic disease that often occurs as a result of an imbalance between the protective mechanisms of the mucosa and harmful factors. Various causes, such as mental disorders, diet disorders, Helicobacter pylori infection, as well as alcohol consumption, strong and prolonged stress, can become fundamental factors for the development of peptic ulcer.

  Violation of the diet: malnutrition, in which the patient does not follow the correct diet, consumes more fatty and spicy foods, overeats before bedtime, can lead to disruption of the normal functioning of the stomach and duodenum.

  Helicobacter pylori infection: this microorganism can cause inflammation of the lining of the stomach and duodenum. One of the main symptoms is profuse pain in the upper abdomen and nausea.

  Mental factors: prolonged and severe stress can be a fundamental factor in the development of peptic ulcer. This is due to various disorders of the stomach and duodenum during a period of stress.

  Drugs: Certain groups of drugs can cause problems with the lining of the stomach and duodenum, which can lead to disease. These include, for example, some antibiotics, aspirin preparations, etc.

  Genetic predisposition: some people whose parents suffered from gastric and duodenal ulcers may inherit this disease in a genetic form.

  Symptoms of peptic ulcer

  Stomach pain is the most common symptom of peptic ulcer. It can occur both after meals and on an empty stomach. Pain can vary from intense to mild and last from a few minutes to several hours.

  • Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that are also characteristic of peptic ulcer disease. These symptoms often occur after eating and may last for several days.
  • Dyspepsia is an unpleasant sensation in the stomach, such as burning, discomfort and fullness. It may be related to food intake.
  • Loss of appetite and weight – these symptoms may be related to difficulty in eating due to stomach pain and discomfort.
  • Change in caloric excretion – peptic ulcer can affect bowel movements. They may be black, too thin, or have blood.

  If you notice symptoms of a peptic ulcer, you should contact your doctor immediately. Ulcer treatment is implemented by a combination of drugs and appropriate safety measures.

  Diagnosis of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

  Complaints and anamnesis

  If characteristic symptoms of peptic ulcer appear, such as pain in the upper abdomen, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, appetite disorders and even bleeding, you should consult a doctor.

  An important role in the diagnosis is played by the anamnesis, which allows you to determine the presence of risk factors for the development of an ulcer: frequent stress, poor diet, alcohol consumption and smoking.

  Objective examination

  At the doctor’s appointment, a general and local examination of the abdomen is performed. The doctor draws attention to the presence of pain during palpation of the abdomen and notes its location.

  Gastroscopy is also commonly performed, a method of examination that allows direct visualization of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. If necessary, computed tomography of the gastrointestinal tract can be prescribed.

  Additional research methods

  Laboratory and instrumental research methods are used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the degree of damage. In particular, they carry out a general blood test, tumor markers and bacterial studies of the contents of the stomach.

  Antibody tests for Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium that causes stomach and duodenal ulcers, are also commonly used.

  Treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

  Treatment of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum depends on many factors, such as the extent of the lesion and the size of the ulcer, the age and health of the patient. However, the mainstay of treatment is the use of drugs that reduce the acidity of the gastric juice and kill the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease.

  To reduce pain, drugs that have an analgesic effect are used. Also, drugs are prescribed that increase the protective properties of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

  It is very important to follow the special diet and diet recommended by the doctor. It is necessary to exclude spicy, fatty, smoked foods, alcohol, strong tea and coffee from the diet. The diet should be complete in terms of protein, carbohydrates and fats.

  If necessary, the doctor may decide to perform surgery. Surgery may be indicated when conservative treatment is not effective, as well as in the presence of complications, such as bleeding or perforation of the ulcer.

  Prevention of peptic ulcer

  Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum often occurs due to poor lifestyle, nutrition and stressful situations. Therefore, one of the main measures for the prevention of peptic ulcer disease is the observance of a healthy lifestyle.

  • Proper nutrition is the observance of the regimen and quality of nutrition. It is recommended to eat food often and in small portions. Exclude spicy and fatty foods, alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks, smoking.
  • Regular physical activity helps reduce the impact of stressful situations and protects the stomach from harmful effects.
  • Stress management is an important aspect of peptic ulcer prevention. You need to learn how to manage your emotions, not worry about trifles, avoid conflict situations, and also monitor mental health.
  • Drug review is essential to avoid harm to health. Some medications can adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract, so you need to consult a doctor for advice on the choice of drugs.

  Following these guidelines will help reduce the risk of stomach and duodenal ulcers. It is necessary to pay attention to the state of your health and, at the first signs, consult a doctor for prevention and treatment.

  Proper nutrition is the main factor in the treatment of peptic ulcer

  Basic rules of nutrition for peptic ulcer

  Nutrition for peptic ulcer is important in the treatment process. It is aimed at reducing acidity in the stomach and reducing irritation of the mucous membrane. Basic rules of nutrition for peptic ulcer:

  • Dietary Diversity – all food groups should be included in the diet. It is recommended to consume fresh vegetables and fruits as they are rich in vitamins and minerals.
  • Regular Meals – Eat on a schedule and in small portions 5-6 times a day so as not to overload the stomach and reduce acidity in it.
  • Avoiding spicy, smoked and fatty foods – all meals should be easily digestible without increasing the acidity of the stomach.
  • Restriction on carbonated drinks – they cause increased gas production and irritation of the walls of the stomach, with a subsequent increase in the symptoms of peptic ulcer.
  • Caffeine-Free Meal – Coffee contains a substance that increases stomach acid, which can cause complications in peptic ulcers.

  Essential foods for peptic ulcers

  For peptic ulcers, the diet should include foods that will help reduce stomach acid and reduce irritation of the mucous membrane. The main products for peptic ulcer:

  • Cereals – easily digestible and rich in B vitamins.
  • Protein – meat, fish, poultry, legumes, eggs, tofu, have vital amino acids necessary for tissue repair.
  • Vegetables and Fruits – Contains vitamins and minerals needed to boost immunity and reduce inflammation.
  • Dairy products – rich in calcium and vitamin D, which help ulcers heal.

  Foods to Avoid in Peptic Ulcers

  Foods to Avoid in Peptic Ulcers that may aggravate gastric mucosal irritation and acidity. Foods to avoid in case of peptic ulcer:

  • Spicy, fatty and smoked foods – irritate the walls of the stomach and may increase pain in peptic ulcer.
  • Alcohol and strong tea – contribute to the development of ulcers and cause increased acidity.
  • High acid fruit juices – can increase stomach acid.
  • Carbonated and sugary drinks – cause increased gas production and may increase pain.

  What medicines help with peptic ulcer

  Peptic ulcer is a serious disease of the gastrointestinal tract that requires long-term treatment. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms and treating the cause of the disease. For this, various types of drugs are used.

  Anti-ulcer drugs are the main medicines used for peptic ulcers. They anesthetize, accelerate the healing of the ulcer and prevent its reappearance. These include proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergic agents, antacids, and H. pylori drugs.

  anti-spasmodics are used for stomach pain and muscle spasms. They also help improve digestion and prevent symptoms associated with gastrointestinal disorders.

  Antibiotics are used to treat ulcers caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. They are aimed at the destruction of bacteria, which is one of the main causes of peptic ulcer.

  Mucosal barrier medications may help reduce irritation of the stomach lining and speed up the healing of ulcers. They also reduce the risk of ulcers coming back. These include preparations containing bismuth, propolis, aloe extract and other commonly used natural remedies.

  Traditional treatments for peptic ulcer

  Diet. The patient’s diet is important in the treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers. It should be easily digestible and balanced. It is important to avoid spicy, fatty, smoked and salty foods, as well as drinks containing caffeine. It is also necessary to avoid snacking and large intervals between meals.

  Protective preparations. The purpose of these drugs is to form a protective layer on the wall of the stomach or duodenum that prevents damage to these organs. These can be decoctions of flax or preparations based on sucralfate.

  Preparations that reduce the acidity of gastric juice. To improve the patient’s condition, therapy with drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice can be prescribed. These may include proton pump inhibitors, histamine receptor antagonists, and antacids. They help protect the walls of the stomach and duodenum from damage.

  • Proton pump inhibitors. These medicines reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach and help protect the lining of the stomach. Examples are Omez, Nexium.
  • Histamine receptor antagonists. These medicines reduce the amount of acid in the stomach by blocking the production of histamine. Examples are Famotidine or Ranitidine.
  • Antacids. These preparations contain substances that neutralize the acid in the stomach, reducing its amount. Examples are Reni, Phosphalugel.

  Antibacterial therapy. If the ulcer is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, then antibiotics are needed to help get rid of this bacterium and prevent recurrence. Examples are Prepakt or Klacid.

  Surgery. In rare cases, if the stomach ulcer does not respond to treatment or causes bleeding, surgery may be required. The surgeon removes the ulcer and repairs the damaged tissue. However, such treatment will only be considered after a thorough diagnosis, discussion and decision by the appropriate medical professional.

  Modern methods of treatment of peptic ulcer

  Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. There are various methods of treating peptic ulcer, but modern methods of treatment require an integrated approach to treatment.

  Drug treatment

  One of the main methods of treating peptic ulcer is drug treatment. For this, drugs are prescribed that reduce the acidity of gastric juice and reduce inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum.

  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Antacids
  • Antibiotics

  Surgery

  results or leads to complications. Surgery may involve removing an ulcer or part of the stomach.

  Non-specific treatment

  Non-specific treatment is aimed at general strengthening of the body and includes the following methods:

  1. Diet: Avoid spicy, fatty, smoked and spicy foods. Regular meals.
  2. Smoking and alcohol cessation.
  3. Reducing stress and eliminating nerve damage. Meditation, yoga, cannabis, massage are recommended.

  However, before starting the treatment of peptic ulcer, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will conduct an examination and prescribe the most effective course of treatment.

  Complications of peptic ulcer

  Bleeding

  One of the most serious complications of peptic ulcer is bleeding, which can occur not only from the ulcer, but also from the area surrounding it. Blood may appear in vomit or stool, or be excreted through the anus.

  Surgery is needed to stop the bleeding. In some cases, an endoscopic method may be used, in which the bleeding vessel is clamped and subsequently coagulated.

  Stenosis

  Ulcer stenosis occurs due to scarring at the site of the ulcer and can lead to obstruction of the esophagus or intestines. Patients may complain of increased pain and loss of appetite.

  Stenosis is treated with surgery to remove the scar, which may require medication and diet.

  Perforation

  Perforation or puncture of an ulcer is an extremely dangerous complication in which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity. This can lead to the development of peritonitis and require urgent surgery.

  Some complications of peptic ulcer

  Complication	Signs and symptoms	Treatment
  Bleeding	Blood in vomit or stool	Surgery, endoscopic method
  Stenosis	Loss of appetite, increased pain	Surgery, drug therapy, diet
  Perforation	Acute pain syndrome, vomiting, signs of intoxication	Urgent surgery

  Related videos:

  Q&A:

  Is it possible to treat ulcers on my own a disease?

  Although mild symptoms of a peptic ulcer may initially disappear spontaneously, any manifestations should be monitored and a physician should be consulted. Depending on the severity of the peptic ulcer, your doctor may recommend a range of medications, lifestyle changes, and diet that are best done under his supervision.

  How to eat properly with peptic ulcer?

  For peptic ulcers, a special diet is usually recommended, which includes restriction of foods containing caffeine, alcohol, spices, fatty foods, and acidic fruits and vegetables. Instead, eat more nutrient-dense foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, and green vegetables.

  What is Helicobacter pylori?

  Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that can cause stomach and duodenal ulcers. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and can be in the stomach for a long time, but does not always lead to the development of ulcer symptoms.

  How is peptic ulcer diagnosed?

  Various methods are used to diagnose peptic ulcers, including endoscopy, bacterial tests, and x-rays. The doctor may also order a blood test to check for Helicobacter pylori infection.

  What medications can help peptic ulcers?

  Your doctor may prescribe a variety of medicines to treat peptic ulcers, including antacids, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatories. Some of these medicines help reduce stomach acid levels, while others fight Helicobacter pylori infection. The dosage of drugs and the duration of their administration depend on the severity of the disease and the general condition of the patient.

  Gastric ulcer – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

  Synonyms

  Expanded name of the disease – gastric ulcer. There are acute and chronic forms of the disease. When making an accurate diagnosis, the characteristics of the course of the disease are taken into account. Acute gastric ulcers are divided into several types:

  Similar types are isolated from chronic gastric ulcers.

  General information

  The stomach is an internal organ in which food is digested. This makes it a major part of the digestive system. In the stomach, food accumulates and is digested under the influence of gastric juice, which consists of enzymes that break down fats, proteins, carbohydrates and hydrochloric acid. These substances are produced by the cells of the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the stomach. Enzymes and hydrochloric acid are highly active, able to break down not only food, but also the mucous membrane. To prevent this from happening, the stomach produces secrets that control the release of biologically active substances.

  Gastric juice and epithelial cells are separated from each other by a layer of mucus. With the balance of the protective action of mucus and the aggressive action of gastric juice, active acid ions are bound in the process of converting urea into ammonia. This maintains a normal pH for the stomach. Increased acidity causes the destruction of the mucus layer, it becomes thinner, opening access to hydrochloric acid and pepsin to the cells of the epithelium of the stomach. As a result, the epithelium, the subepithelial layer, is destroyed.

  An increase in the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the stomach can be caused by eating foods high in acids or low-quality foods. Poisoning, alcohol consumption, stressful situations lead to a change in the balance. The reason for the decrease in the amount of mucus, the slowdown in the regeneration of the epithelium, the disturbance of local blood circulation and nervous trophism is psycho-emotional overstrain, negative emotions that negatively affect the central nervous system and subcortical centers.

  The epithelial layer of the stomach contains a large number of nerve endings and small blood vessels. This is due to the fact that sugars, salts, water, alcohols, necessary for the life of the body, are absorbed here. The destruction of the epithelial layer leads to the fact that hydrochloric acid, pepsin and other biologically active substances act on the nerve endings. This causes pain. In wounds that can be erosive in nature, an inflammatory process begins, the products of which poison the body, causing weakness, drowsiness.

  Gastric ulcer is not a contagious disease, pathology indicates disorders in the digestive system, which can be caused by various reasons. The formation of an ulcer in the epithelial layer is reversible. Timely treatment has a positive prognosis. If the doctor’s recommendations are followed, remission occurs. Denial of medical care can cause serious complications.

  Statistics

  Gastric ulcer is one of the most common diseases of internal organs. Pathology affects about 4% of people on the planet. Registered annually 90-95 million new cases. At the same time, a gastric ulcer during diagnosis is found in 12% of patients who consult a doctor with dyspeptic disorders. This indicates that a large percentage of the population does not pay attention to symptoms.

  Gastric ulcer is more often recorded in developed countries and among residents of large cities. This is associated, on the one hand, with the use of a large amount of fast food and stressful situations, on the other hand, with a higher quality of diagnosis. Men get stomach ulcers four times more often than women. In men, the pathology develops in childhood or between the ages of 25-40. In women, the greatest number of cases of the disease is recorded after menopause.

  Stomach ulcer can cause disability. Among all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which led to disability, ulcers account for up to 70% in men and 31% in women. Pathology is the cause of death in 7 people out of 100,000.

  Gastric ulcer is a curable disease with timely access to a doctor. A relapse of the disease is observed only if the doctor’s recommendations are not followed.

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  Causes of occurrence

  Causes that lead to gastric ulcer can be divided into several groups:

  • psychological – stressful situations, conflicts at work and in the family, loss of close relatives or property, emotional upheavals;

  • social – irregular meals, the use of low-quality, expired products;

  • pathological – infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, chronic diseases of the stomach, surgery on the gastrointestinal tract;

  • toxicological – alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, overdose or long-term use of potent drugs. Some food products are also chemically aggressive: marinades, spicy dishes, vinegar essence, sweet carbonated drinks;

  • psychosomatic – a feeling of resentment, inner pain, concentration on one of life’s problems leads to a mental blockade, which leads to self-eating by the body of itself.

  A person may have a genetic predisposition to stomach ulcers.

  Symptoms of gastric ulcer

  The clinical picture depends on the location, duration of the disease, and the characteristics of the process. The main symptom is pain in the epigastric region, which appears after eating. If the pain syndrome makes itself felt on an empty stomach, then the patient has a duodenal ulcer. Among other symptoms:

  • single vomiting on the background of an attack of pain;

  • heartburn;

  • constipation;

  • weight loss;

  • fatigue;

  • headache that goes away after eating;

  • bad sleep;

  • coated tongue.

  With a protracted and severe illness, there is a significant weight loss, bleeding.

  Vomit

  Pain in the upper abdomen

  Nausea

  Lack of appetite

  Weakness

  Fatigue

  Which doctor treats

  In case of pain in the stomach, you can contact a general practitioner who will make a preliminary diagnosis and refer you to a gastroenterologist. To receive this specialist, complex preparation is not required. It is enough on the day of the visit to the doctor not to eat and drink, not to clean the plaque from the tongue. An appointment with a gastroenterologist begins with an anamnesis. The doctor will clarify the symptoms that cause discomfort, the dates of the first signs of the disease. The patient will have to tell about the features of his diet: about the frequency of food intake, its features, the presence of bad habits.

  After taking the history, the gastroenterologist performs an examination. Using the methods of percussion and palpation, the doctor determines the localization of pain. Laboratory tests are required to make an accurate diagnosis. The doctor will tell you how to properly prepare for the follow-up procedures in order to obtain accurate results.

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  Diagnosis of gastric ulcer

  Laboratory studies are aimed at establishing an accurate diagnosis, location of the ulcer, its condition. The patient is prescribed the following types of diagnostics:

  • clinical blood test – the amount of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and ESR is studied;

  • fecal analysis – the presence of occult blood is examined;

  • pH-metry – daily monitoring of the acidity level is carried out;

  • x-ray examination – with the help of contrasting, a change in the relief of the mucous membrane is determined;

  • endoscopic examination – allows you to visually examine the ulcer;

  • biopsy – tissue samples are examined for malignant neoplasms;

  • electrogastroenterography – gastric motility is being studied;

  • bacteriological examination – Helicobacter pylori infection is detected.

  The study allows you to evaluate the complete clinical picture of the disease and choose the best method of treatment.

  Treatment of gastric ulcer

  At the first detection of an ulcer, severe persistent pain, often vomiting, treatment is carried out in a hospital. If bleeding is suspected, perforation of the patient is hospitalized in the surgical department. With a favorable course of the disease, treatment is possible on an outpatient basis. The doctor prescribes complex therapy aimed at normalizing the functions of the stomach, improving the protective properties of the mucous membrane. Irritants are excluded from the diet, a diet is prescribed, therapeutic measures and physiotherapy procedures are carried out.

  In case of conservative treatment, the doctor prescribes antacids that help neutralize hydrochloric acid. Antisecretory agents help reduce the amount of acid and pepsin secreted. The dose of these drugs is selected individually, taking into account the specifics of the digestive system. To improve regeneration in the area of ​​the ulcer, the gastroenterologist prescribes biogenic stimulants, vitamins of group B, C, U, metronidazole. With severe pain syndrome, the doctor prescribes painkillers intravenously or intramuscularly to the patient. The immune balance is restored by immunomodulators. The functional state of the nervous system is restored with nozepam, meprotan and complexes of physiotherapy exercises. At 2-3 weeks of treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures begin: electrophoresis, mud therapy, reflexology.

  The lack of effectiveness of conservative methods of treatment becomes the reason for the appointment of a surgical operation. The advantage is given to planned interventions that reduce the risk of complications. Emergency surgery is performed with severe bleeding.

  When choosing a treatment method, the doctor takes into account the causes that led to the disease:

  • psychological – therapy is designed to relieve symptoms, normalize secretory function. Particular attention is paid to the restoration of the nervous system. In addition to medications, sessions of psychotherapy, physiotherapy exercises are carried out, which are aimed at improving the stress resistance of the central nervous system;

  • social – in addition to relieving symptoms, special attention is paid to diet. The advantage is given to dairy products, restoring the level of vitamin B5 in the body;

  • pathological – in case of infection with Helicobacter pylori, antibiotics are prescribed, special attention is paid to the remission of chronic diseases and postoperative rehabilitation;

  • toxicological – they detoxify the body, the doctor prescribes a therapy enhanced with vitamins. With the aggressive effect of harmful substances on the stomach, which led to perforation and heavy bleeding, an emergency operation is prescribed;

  • psychosomatic – the endocrinologist prescribes conservative treatment, and the psychologist conducts psychotherapy sessions, during which he convinces the patient that peace and tranquility reign in his soul, insults and shocks are in the past. Sincere forgiveness of well-wishers helps to remove the mental blockade and stop the destructive processes in the body.

  The main complex of therapy takes 4-5 weeks, within 12 months after its completion, patients need to adhere to diet No. 1, eat portioned food 5-6 times a day. Spring and autumn are traditional periods of exacerbation of the disease. At this time, anti-relapse therapy is carried out. In the remission stage, sanatorium treatment is recommended at balneological resorts rich in mineral waters.

  After complex treatment, it is necessary to give up alcohol and tobacco smoking. During basic and anti-relapse therapy, it is recommended to follow the doctor’s instructions and not increase the dosage of drugs. An overdose of antibiotics leads to dysbacteriosis, kidney and liver failure. A large number of painkillers causes heart rhythm disturbances, dizziness, and increased blood pressure. An overdose of nosepam causes drowsiness, confusion, loss of consciousness, and coma.

  If left untreated

  Chronic gastric ulcers and exacerbations can lead to malignancy. The disease in a severe form becomes the cause of disability. Severe bleeding, perforation, peritonitis lead to death. At the first signs of the disease, you should consult a doctor. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the higher the likelihood of remission and the shorter the treatment period.

  If it is impossible to visit a medical institution due to remoteness, heavy employment, you need to use online medicine. This requires access to the Internet and computer equipment. The service allows you to choose for consultation a specialist with any experience from the capital’s clinic or research institute. With the help of video communication, the doctor will collect an anamnesis, conduct an examination, make a diagnosis or prescribe an additional examination. When prescribing a course of treatment, the doctor will take into account the clinical picture and access to medicines. A timely appeal to a highly qualified gastroenterologist will help to avoid serious consequences.

  How to help yourself

  At the first symptoms of a stomach ulcer, you can start a course of treatment with folk remedies on your own. A tablespoon of honey 2 hours before meals will help get rid of heartburn, stimulate regeneration. You can normalize the work of the stomach with the help of sea buckthorn oil, a tablespoon of which is taken regularly before bedtime. Aloe juice is distinguished by good astringent and bactericidal properties. A teaspoon of this remedy an hour before meals will help cure stomach ulcers.

  In case of psychosomatic causes of the disease, it is necessary to engage in auto-training and remove the mental blockade. The causes of the disease lie in fear, children’s complexes, belief in their own inferiority. You need to convince yourself that this is not so, that all problems remain in the past. It is necessary to love, value yourself, believe in your own strengths and the ability to achieve your goals. This will help remove the mental blockade and stop the causes that led to the occurrence of stomach ulcers.

  Risks

  Gastric ulcer is not an infectious disease, but the risk of this pathology is very high. This is due to the fact that 80% of the world’s population suffer from gastritis, and in the absence of timely treatment of the disease, a stomach ulcer may develop. To prevent this from happening, you need regular nutrition, emotional balance and the absence of bad habits.

  The following categories of the population are at risk:

  • choleric – emotional imbalance can cause a serious malfunction in the digestive system;

  • people constantly exposed to stress;

  • students;

  • people with irregular meals;

  • people with bad habits.

  Irregular sleep can lead to illness.

  Prevention of stomach ulcers

  The best preventive measure is a regular diet of healthy food that does not contain spicy and fatty foods. The following measures are recommended for risk groups:

  • choleric people are recommended to play sports at an amateur level, regular walks and weekend hikes, which will help make the psyche resistant to irritating factors;

  • people who are constantly exposed to stress are advised to strengthen the immune system;

  • students need to eat right – not in fast foods, but homemade food;

  • people with irregular meals should change their approach to eating, switch to 4-5 meals a day;

  • people with bad habits are advised to stop drinking alcohol and cigarettes.