What causes bladder wall thickening. How is bladder wall thickening diagnosed. What are the symptoms of a thickened bladder wall. Can bladder wall thickening be reversed. What treatments are available for bladder wall thickening. How does bladder wall thickening affect urination. When should you see a doctor about bladder wall thickening.

Understanding Bladder Wall Thickening: An Overview

Bladder wall thickening is a condition where the muscular wall of the urinary bladder becomes abnormally thick. This thickening can occur due to various reasons, ranging from infections to more serious conditions like cancer. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for bladder wall thickening is crucial for maintaining urinary health and overall well-being.

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity. Its primary function is to store urine produced by the kidneys until it’s expelled from the body through urination. A healthy bladder can hold approximately 2 cups (16 ounces) of urine. When functioning normally, the bladder muscles relax as it fills with urine and contract when it’s time to urinate.

When the bladder wall thickens, it can interfere with the organ’s normal functioning, leading to various urinary symptoms and potential complications if left untreated. Thickening often occurs when the bladder has to work harder to expel urine or becomes irritated and inflamed.

Common Causes of Bladder Wall Thickening

Several factors can contribute to the thickening of the bladder wall. Understanding these causes is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Here are some of the most common reasons:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs are a frequent cause of bladder wall thickening, particularly in women. These infections occur when bacteria enter the urethra and travel to the bladder. The body’s immune response to the infection can lead to inflammation of the bladder wall, a condition known as cystitis. If left untreated or if infections recur frequently, this inflammation can result in thickening of the bladder wall.

Benign Tissue Growths

Noncancerous growths in the bladder can cause the wall to thicken. These benign tumors include:

• Papillomas: These are often caused by viruses
• Leiomyomas: Rare tumors resulting from an overgrowth of smooth muscle cells
• Fibromas: Abnormal growth of fibrous connective tissue

While these growths are not cancerous, they can still cause discomfort and interfere with bladder function.

Bladder Cancer

Malignant tumors in the bladder can cause wall thickening. These cancers typically start in the innermost lining of the bladder wall, known as the transitional epithelium. Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, chronic bladder irritation, and previous radiation exposure.

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

This condition involves inflammation and bleeding from the bladder lining. Causes of hemorrhagic cystitis include:

• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Certain infections
• Exposure to specific chemicals like insecticides or dyes

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a rare condition characterized by the buildup of abnormal proteins (amyloids) in various organs, including the bladder. This protein accumulation can lead to thickening of the bladder wall. Amyloidosis can be triggered by end-stage renal disease, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, or inherited genetic factors.

Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO)

BOO occurs when there’s a blockage at the base of the bladder where it connects to the urethra. This obstruction can cause the bladder to work harder to expel urine, leading to wall thickening over time. Common causes of BOO include:

• Enlarged prostate or prostate cancer in men
• Bladder stones
• Tumors
• Scar tissue in the urethra

Recognizing the Symptoms of Bladder Wall Thickening

Identifying the symptoms associated with bladder wall thickening is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. While some symptoms may be subtle, others can significantly impact quality of life. Here are the key signs to watch for:

Changes in Urinary Habits

One of the most noticeable symptoms of bladder wall thickening is a change in urinary patterns. You may experience:

• Increased frequency of urination
• Urgency to urinate
• Difficulty fully emptying the bladder
• A sensation of incomplete bladder emptying

Pain or Discomfort

Bladder wall thickening can cause various types of pain or discomfort, including:

• Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
• Lower abdominal pain or pressure
• Pelvic discomfort

Changes in Urine Appearance

Depending on the underlying cause of bladder wall thickening, you may notice changes in your urine, such as:

• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Presence of sediment or small particles in the urine

Systemic Symptoms

In some cases, bladder wall thickening may be accompanied by more generalized symptoms, including:

• Low-grade fever, especially if an infection is present
• Fatigue or general malaise
• Unexplained weight loss (in cases of more serious underlying conditions)

Diagnostic Approaches for Bladder Wall Thickening

Accurate diagnosis of bladder wall thickening is essential for determining the underlying cause and developing an effective treatment plan. Healthcare providers use a combination of methods to diagnose this condition:

Medical History and Physical Examination

The diagnostic process typically begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, lifestyle factors, and any relevant medical conditions. They may also perform a physical exam to check for any abdominal tenderness or swelling.

Urinalysis and Urine Culture

A urinalysis can detect the presence of blood, bacteria, or other abnormalities in your urine. If a urinary tract infection is suspected, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.

Imaging Studies

Various imaging techniques can be used to visualize the bladder and assess wall thickness:

• Ultrasound: This non-invasive technique uses sound waves to create images of the bladder and measure wall thickness.
• CT Scan: Computed tomography provides detailed cross-sectional images of the bladder and surrounding structures.
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging offers high-resolution images of the bladder and can help detect tumors or other abnormalities.

Cystoscopy

In this procedure, a thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope) is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. This allows the doctor to visually inspect the bladder lining and take tissue samples (biopsies) if necessary.

Urodynamic Studies

These tests assess how well the bladder, urethra, and associated sphincters store and release urine. They can help identify issues with bladder function that may be contributing to wall thickening.

Treatment Options for Bladder Wall Thickening

The treatment for bladder wall thickening depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

Treating Infections

If a urinary tract infection is causing bladder wall thickening, antibiotics are typically prescribed. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment will depend on the severity of the infection and the type of bacteria involved.

Addressing Obstructions

For bladder outlet obstructions:

• Enlarged prostate: Medications or surgical procedures may be recommended to reduce prostate size.
• Bladder stones: These may be removed through minimally invasive procedures or surgery.
• Urethral strictures: Dilation or surgical correction may be necessary.

Managing Chronic Conditions

For conditions like interstitial cystitis or overactive bladder that may contribute to bladder wall thickening:

• Medications to reduce bladder irritation and control symptoms
• Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and pelvic floor exercises
• In some cases, nerve stimulation therapies or Botox injections into the bladder muscle

Treating Tumors

If benign or malignant tumors are present:

• Benign tumors may be surgically removed or monitored closely
• Cancerous tumors may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy

Addressing Amyloidosis

Treatment for amyloidosis focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the protein buildup and may include:

• Medications to suppress amyloid production
• Chemotherapy
• Stem cell transplantation in some cases

Lifestyle Modifications and Self-Care for Bladder Health

In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle changes and self-care practices can help manage bladder wall thickening and promote overall bladder health:

Hydration

Proper hydration is crucial for bladder health. Drinking adequate amounts of water helps flush out bacteria and other irritants from the urinary system. However, it’s important to balance hydration with managing urinary frequency, especially if you’re experiencing increased urges to urinate.

Dietary Considerations

Certain foods and beverages can irritate the bladder and exacerbate symptoms. Consider limiting or avoiding:

• Caffeine
• Alcohol
• Spicy foods
• Acidic foods and drinks
• Artificial sweeteners

Pelvic Floor Exercises

Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles through exercises like Kegels can improve bladder control and reduce symptoms associated with bladder wall thickening. These exercises are particularly beneficial for conditions like overactive bladder or stress incontinence.

Bladder Training

This technique involves gradually increasing the intervals between urinating. It can help improve bladder capacity and reduce the frequency of urination. Work with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and effective bladder training regimen.

Stress Management

Stress and anxiety can exacerbate bladder symptoms. Incorporating stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises may help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.

Smoking Cessation

Smoking is a significant risk factor for bladder cancer and can irritate the bladder lining. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of bladder wall thickening and improve overall health.

Complications and Long-Term Outlook

While many cases of bladder wall thickening can be effectively managed or treated, it’s important to be aware of potential complications and the long-term outlook:

Potential Complications

If left untreated, bladder wall thickening can lead to several complications:

• Chronic urinary retention
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Kidney damage due to backflow of urine
• Decreased quality of life due to persistent urinary symptoms
• In cases of bladder cancer, potential spread to other organs if not caught early

Prognosis and Long-Term Management

The long-term outlook for individuals with bladder wall thickening varies depending on the underlying cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Many cases, particularly those related to infections or benign conditions, can be successfully managed with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications.

For chronic conditions, ongoing management may be necessary to control symptoms and prevent complications. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

In cases of bladder cancer, early detection and treatment significantly improve the prognosis. Regular screenings may be recommended for individuals at higher risk.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Recognizing when to seek medical attention is crucial for managing bladder wall thickening and preventing potential complications. Here are some signs that warrant a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Persistent changes in urinary habits, such as increased frequency or urgency
• Pain or burning sensation during urination that doesn’t improve
• Blood in the urine
• Difficulty emptying your bladder completely
• Lower abdominal pain or pressure that doesn’t resolve
• Fever accompanying urinary symptoms, which may indicate an infection
• Any new or concerning symptoms related to urination or bladder function

Early intervention can often lead to more effective treatment and better outcomes. Don’t hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional if you’re experiencing symptoms that could be related to bladder wall thickening.

Bladder wall thickening is a condition that can significantly impact quality of life, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many individuals can find relief and manage their symptoms effectively. By staying informed about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take an active role in maintaining your bladder health and overall well-being.

Bladder Wall Thickening: Causes and Treatment

Introduction

Your urinary bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that stores urine from the kidneys until it’s released through the urethra. The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity between the pelvic bones. It can hold around 2 cups of urine.

When the bladder is filling with urine, the muscles in the bladder wall relax. When it’s time to urinate, the bladder wall muscles tighten to help push urine out through the urethra.

A thickening of the bladder wall can be a sign of several medical conditions. It’s usually accompanied by other symptoms, too. Many of these conditions are easily treatable with an early diagnosis.

It’s important to report any changes in your urinary habits to your doctor. Bladder infections, for example, can lead to kidney infections. These can be quite serious if not treated early.

The muscular wall of your bladder tends to grow thicker if it has to work harder to urinate. It can also thicken if it becomes irritated and inflamed. Scarring of the bladder wall may also cause it to thicken.

Common causes of bladder wall thickening include:

Inflammation due to urinary tract infection (UTI)

A UTI is often the result of bacteria entering the urethra and then the bladder. These infections are more common among females than males.

UTIs are often associated with sexual intercourse, but a woman who isn’t sexually active can also develop a bladder infection. This is simply because of the amount of bacteria in and around the vagina.

One of the major responses to a UTI is inflammation of the bladder wall, a condition known as cystitis. Prolonged inflammation can lead to thickening of the wall. Some other causes of cystitis include inflammation triggered by cancer treatments, like radiation and chemotherapy, or prolonged use of a catheter.

Noncancerous tissue growths

Abnormal tissue growth in the bladder wall causes tumors to grow and the wall to thicken. Noncancerous (benign) tumors include papillomas. For some cases, viruses may be the cause of these growths.

Other benign bladder tumors include leiomyomas, but these are rare. They result from an overgrowth of smooth muscle cells in the bladder wall.

Fibromas are another benign bladder tumor. Abnormal growth of fibrous connective tissue in the bladder wall causes these.

Cancer

Cancerous (malignant) tumors tend to form first in the innermost lining of the bladder wall. This lining is known as the transitional epithelium.

The abnormal growth of cells in the bladder wall may be related to smoking tobacco or exposure to chemicals. Chronic irritation of the bladder wall or previous radiation exposure can also be the culprit.

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Sometimes irritation and inflammation of the bladder wall causes bleeding from the bladder lining. This is considered hemorrhagic cystitis. Causes may include:

• radiation therapy
• chemotherapy
• an infection
• exposure to certain chemicals, such as insecticides or dyes

Amyloidosis

Amyloid is a type of abnormal protein that’s made in your bone marrow. Amyloidosis is the buildup of amyloid in an organ. The bladder is one of several organs that can be vulnerable to this disease, but it’s not common.

End stage renal disease can trigger the abnormal growth of amyloid when dialysis doesn’t filter out amyloid that may be present. Autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can also trigger amyloidosis, as well as other conditions. There’s also an inherited version called familial amyloidosis.

Bladder outlet obstruction

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a blockage at the base of the bladder where it empties into the urethra. For men, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer can result in BOO. Other causes of BOO for men and women include:

• bladder stones
• tumors
• scar tissue in the urethra

Symptoms of bladder wall thickening usually relate to changes in your urinary habits. You may urinate more frequently, or you may notice that it feels different when you relieve yourself. You may also notice changes in the urine itself.

Underlying causes, such as infections or tumors, can lead to some of the following symptoms:

Fever

Cystitis may cause a low-grade fever. A fever is a symptom of many conditions. But if a fever develops at the same time as bladder-related symptoms, see your doctor right away.

Pain when urinating

Painful urination is a symptom of many conditions as well, ranging from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to bladder cancer. A bladder or kidney infection can also cause a burning sensation when you’re urinating. This is one of the surest signs that you should seek medical treatment soon.

Urgency or difficulty urinating

A bladder disorder can make it difficult to fully empty your bladder. This can cause frequent urination, feeling like you always have to urinate, or both.

When the bladder wall thickens, the bladder may not be able to hold as much urine as it normally does. This can create those urgent feelings of having to urinate more frequently. BOO can also make it harder to urinate.

Cloudy urine or blood in urine

You may also see a small amount of blood in your urine. Sometimes this occurs from something as harmless as a strenuous workout. It could also be a sign of cystitis, bladder cancer, or another urinary tract problem.

Often, blood in urine can only be seen under a microscope. If you can see blood in your urine yourself or notice your urine turning cloudy, see your doctor, even if you have no other symptoms yet. It can be a sign of several potentially serious conditions. It’s best to get an early diagnosis sooner rather than later.

Foul-smelling urine

Foul-smelling urine or urine with a very strong smell could simply be related to food or beverages you recently consumed. However, it may be a sign of infection. Once a bladder infection is effectively treated, the related foul smell should disappear.

The underlying causes of a thickened bladder wall can differ between men and women.

BOO is more common among men, because it’s often linked to prostate problems. An enlarged prostate forces the bladder to work harder to empty itself of urine. This in turn causes the bladder wall to thicken. Prostate treatment can help reduce the burden on the bladder.

UTIs are more common among women. Thorough treatment can ease the strain on the bladder and allow thickened bladder walls to return to normal.

If you notice symptoms of bladder wall thickening or any symptoms related to your urinary tract system, see your doctor.

They’ll likely have you undergo several tests, such as a urinalysis. For this test, a sample of your urine is checked for signs of infection, blood cells, or abnormal protein levels. If your doctor suspects bladder cancer, they’ll check for cancer cells, too.

If cancer is a possibility, a cystoscopy may also be performed. During this procedure, a thin, flexible scope is guided up the urethra to check the lining of your urethra and bladder. A cystoscopy can also evaluate recurrent infections in the urinary tract.

In addition, a woman may undergo a pelvic exam to help diagnose an infection or other disorder.

A range of conditions can trigger bladder wall thickening. If you suspect that you have a condition causing you bladder problems, see your doctor, even if it just seems like a minor annoyance at first. Doing so will prevent your symptoms from worsening. Some bladder conditions can lead to life-threatening kidney problems.

Early treatment can prevent long-term harm and provide fast relief for uncomfortable symptoms.

Bladder Wall Thickening: Causes and Treatment

Introduction

Your urinary bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that stores urine from the kidneys until it’s released through the urethra. The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity between the pelvic bones. It can hold around 2 cups of urine.

When the bladder is filling with urine, the muscles in the bladder wall relax. When it’s time to urinate, the bladder wall muscles tighten to help push urine out through the urethra.

A thickening of the bladder wall can be a sign of several medical conditions. It’s usually accompanied by other symptoms, too. Many of these conditions are easily treatable with an early diagnosis.

It’s important to report any changes in your urinary habits to your doctor. Bladder infections, for example, can lead to kidney infections. These can be quite serious if not treated early.

The muscular wall of your bladder tends to grow thicker if it has to work harder to urinate. It can also thicken if it becomes irritated and inflamed. Scarring of the bladder wall may also cause it to thicken.

Common causes of bladder wall thickening include:

Inflammation due to urinary tract infection (UTI)

A UTI is often the result of bacteria entering the urethra and then the bladder. These infections are more common among females than males.

UTIs are often associated with sexual intercourse, but a woman who isn’t sexually active can also develop a bladder infection. This is simply because of the amount of bacteria in and around the vagina.

One of the major responses to a UTI is inflammation of the bladder wall, a condition known as cystitis. Prolonged inflammation can lead to thickening of the wall. Some other causes of cystitis include inflammation triggered by cancer treatments, like radiation and chemotherapy, or prolonged use of a catheter.

Noncancerous tissue growths

Abnormal tissue growth in the bladder wall causes tumors to grow and the wall to thicken. Noncancerous (benign) tumors include papillomas. For some cases, viruses may be the cause of these growths.

Other benign bladder tumors include leiomyomas, but these are rare. They result from an overgrowth of smooth muscle cells in the bladder wall.

Fibromas are another benign bladder tumor. Abnormal growth of fibrous connective tissue in the bladder wall causes these.

Cancer

Cancerous (malignant) tumors tend to form first in the innermost lining of the bladder wall. This lining is known as the transitional epithelium.

The abnormal growth of cells in the bladder wall may be related to smoking tobacco or exposure to chemicals. Chronic irritation of the bladder wall or previous radiation exposure can also be the culprit.

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Sometimes irritation and inflammation of the bladder wall causes bleeding from the bladder lining. This is considered hemorrhagic cystitis. Causes may include:

• radiation therapy
• chemotherapy
• an infection
• exposure to certain chemicals, such as insecticides or dyes

Amyloidosis

Amyloid is a type of abnormal protein that’s made in your bone marrow. Amyloidosis is the buildup of amyloid in an organ. The bladder is one of several organs that can be vulnerable to this disease, but it’s not common.

End stage renal disease can trigger the abnormal growth of amyloid when dialysis doesn’t filter out amyloid that may be present. Autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can also trigger amyloidosis, as well as other conditions. There’s also an inherited version called familial amyloidosis.

Bladder outlet obstruction

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a blockage at the base of the bladder where it empties into the urethra. For men, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer can result in BOO. Other causes of BOO for men and women include:

• bladder stones
• tumors
• scar tissue in the urethra

Symptoms of bladder wall thickening usually relate to changes in your urinary habits. You may urinate more frequently, or you may notice that it feels different when you relieve yourself. You may also notice changes in the urine itself.

Underlying causes, such as infections or tumors, can lead to some of the following symptoms:

Fever

Cystitis may cause a low-grade fever. A fever is a symptom of many conditions. But if a fever develops at the same time as bladder-related symptoms, see your doctor right away.

Pain when urinating

Painful urination is a symptom of many conditions as well, ranging from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to bladder cancer. A bladder or kidney infection can also cause a burning sensation when you’re urinating. This is one of the surest signs that you should seek medical treatment soon.

Urgency or difficulty urinating

A bladder disorder can make it difficult to fully empty your bladder. This can cause frequent urination, feeling like you always have to urinate, or both.

When the bladder wall thickens, the bladder may not be able to hold as much urine as it normally does. This can create those urgent feelings of having to urinate more frequently. BOO can also make it harder to urinate.

Cloudy urine or blood in urine

You may also see a small amount of blood in your urine. Sometimes this occurs from something as harmless as a strenuous workout. It could also be a sign of cystitis, bladder cancer, or another urinary tract problem.

Often, blood in urine can only be seen under a microscope. If you can see blood in your urine yourself or notice your urine turning cloudy, see your doctor, even if you have no other symptoms yet. It can be a sign of several potentially serious conditions. It’s best to get an early diagnosis sooner rather than later.

Foul-smelling urine

Foul-smelling urine or urine with a very strong smell could simply be related to food or beverages you recently consumed. However, it may be a sign of infection. Once a bladder infection is effectively treated, the related foul smell should disappear.

The underlying causes of a thickened bladder wall can differ between men and women.

BOO is more common among men, because it’s often linked to prostate problems. An enlarged prostate forces the bladder to work harder to empty itself of urine. This in turn causes the bladder wall to thicken. Prostate treatment can help reduce the burden on the bladder.

UTIs are more common among women. Thorough treatment can ease the strain on the bladder and allow thickened bladder walls to return to normal.

If you notice symptoms of bladder wall thickening or any symptoms related to your urinary tract system, see your doctor.

They’ll likely have you undergo several tests, such as a urinalysis. For this test, a sample of your urine is checked for signs of infection, blood cells, or abnormal protein levels. If your doctor suspects bladder cancer, they’ll check for cancer cells, too.

If cancer is a possibility, a cystoscopy may also be performed. During this procedure, a thin, flexible scope is guided up the urethra to check the lining of your urethra and bladder. A cystoscopy can also evaluate recurrent infections in the urinary tract.

In addition, a woman may undergo a pelvic exam to help diagnose an infection or other disorder.

A range of conditions can trigger bladder wall thickening. If you suspect that you have a condition causing you bladder problems, see your doctor, even if it just seems like a minor annoyance at first. Doing so will prevent your symptoms from worsening. Some bladder conditions can lead to life-threatening kidney problems.

Early treatment can prevent long-term harm and provide fast relief for uncomfortable symptoms.

Cold bladder, what to do?

With the advent of the cold season, the risk of hypothermia increases, and with it the risk of colds. In women, the genitourinary system is especially affected at this time. Due to severe cold weather, constant freezing, quite often doctors receive complaints of inflammation of the bladder. Men, due to anatomical features, are less susceptible to diseases of the genitourinary system due to hypothermia than women. Therefore, in the cold season, it is the beautiful half that should pay special attention to their health and understand what to do if the bladder is cold.

Signs of inflammation of the bladder due to hypothermia

One of the causes of inflammation of the bladder or cystitis is hypothermia. Due to the strong or prolonged exposure to low temperatures on the body, immunity weakens. At the same time, pathogenic bacteria – the main causative agent of cystitis – are activated and inhabit the microflora. In women, the situation is complicated due to the structural features of the pelvic organs.

Short, compared to the male, and wide urethra, close to the vagina and anus. Because of this, bacteria more easily penetrate the bladder and provoke inflammatory processes.

You can understand that a woman has a cold just in her bladder by the following symptoms of cystitis:

— frequent desire to go to the toilet “in a small way”

— unpleasant, burning sensations at the time of urination

— urine changes its color and transparency: it becomes cloudy, may smell unpleasant and strong, have mucus or blood impurities

– constant feeling that the bladder is full

– decrease in urine portions when urinating

– pain radiating to the lower back
– uncharacteristic vaginal discharge may appear, which are more likely to be associated with hypothermia than cystitis, but indicate a cold nature of the disease

Factors that provoke a weakening of immunity Wearing clothes and shoes out of season leads to frequent colds. In winter, it is important for women to wear warm tights, woolen leggings or trousers. If cystitis from hypothermia has manifested itself more than once, it is recommended to wear thermal underwear, as well as give preference to panties, shorts or pantaloons made of natural cotton. Winter shoes should keep dry heat, that is, be warm enough, but at the same time not let moisture in from the outside and remove sweat from the inside. In the demi-season, you should keep your feet dry and prevent them from freezing. It is recommended to wear tights, warm skirts below the knee, and trousers.

Cold exposure . Hypothermia of the bladder can cause a long stay in the cold, sitting on wet and cold surfaces. Swimming in cool water should also be avoided, and winter swimming should be excluded during acute cystitis.

Stress . One of the factors in the weakening of the immune system and the body’s resistance to seasonal infections. Sleep deprivation and fatigue can exacerbate stress conditions. In this case, cystitis can be activated even from mild hypothermia.

Wrong diet . Namely, the lack of vitamins, the predominance of fatty, spicy and junk food can adversely affect the immune system and a simple draft will cause colds, followed by inflammation of the bladder.

Therapy for inflammation of the bladder due to hypothermia

Only a doctor can decide how to treat cystitis if the patient has a cold of the bladder. Self-medication in this case can lead to a complication of the situation and the spread of inflammation to other organs of the genitourinary system. The main task of the doctor is to conduct proper tests and identify the causative agent of the disease. Further, complex drug treatment is carried out:

– antibiotics: fight pathogens that provoke inflammation

– anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce discomfort and stop inflammation

– antispasmodics are prescribed at the beginning of treatment to reduce pain

– immunomodulators are prescribed in rare cases to strengthen immunity

9000 2 – diuretics are prescribed to increase the amount of urine that naturally flushes out the infection from the bladder

— vitamins help strengthen the protective functions of a cold body

— probiotics are designed to restore the patient’s intestinal microflora affected by hypothermia, and then from taking antibiotics

Lactoflorene® yourself. The main components of Lactoflorene® Cyst fight against pathogenic bacteria, have an anti-inflammatory effect and restore the microflora:

– Cranberry extract specially developed by CranPure® contains an increased amount of proanthocyanidins, which enhance the protective functions of the bladder walls, reduce the negative effects of inflammatory processes

– D-mannose, obtained from birch, effectively fights E. also has a diuretic effect – live probiotic cultures strengthen the body’s microbiome, enhancing the immune response. At the same time, environmentally sensitive live lactobacilli in Lactoflorene® CYST are contained in a separate compartment of a two-chamber sachet. Thus, they retain their beneficial properties as much as possible before taking the drug. The maximum preventive effect of Lactoflorene® CIST is achieved with a course of 10 to 30 days.

Prevention

To avoid inflammation of the bladder due to a cold, the main cause of the disease – hypothermia – should be excluded. Dress for the weather, monitor your stress and fatigue levels, and eat right. These are the main preventive measures for a cold bladder.

FORGET ABOUT DISCOMFORT WITH

CYST

gluten free

lactose free

complex formula
to fight cystitis

• Systemic action on the problem and prevention of cystitis
• Help in the removal of pathogens of cystitis (intestinal bacteria E. coli)
• Reducing pain and cramps when urinating
• Reducing the likelihood of relapses

MADE IN ITALY

Frequent hygiene and treatment procedures

Heating pad; Bladder catheterization; Enema; Washing away the sick; Douching.

HEATING HEATER

Since thermal procedures are contraindicated in oncological diseases, the use of a heating pad is possible only after a doctor’s permission.

The hot water bottle is used for resolving inflammation, warming the body and as a pain reliever.

Heating pads are rubber and electric. The rubber heating pad is a reservoir with a capacity of 1-1.5 liters with a tightly screwed stopper. Pour the heating pad into 3-4 volumes so that it is not too heavy, then release the air by pressing the heating pad, screw the cork well, turn the heating pad upside down (check for leaks), wipe it dry, wrap it in a towel and put it to the patient. You should check the degree of heating of the skin under a heating pad. To prevent pigmentation, you can lubricate the skin under a heating pad with petroleum jelly or fat. A very hot heating pad is placed first on the blanket, under the sheet, and finally directly on the body. The heating pad is kept until cool.

The weak and seriously ill do not always react quickly to thermal irritation, so heating pads can cause burns in them. Special care is needed in relation to patients who are unconscious and have lost skin sensitivity. In such patients, the caregiver checks the degree of heating of the skin and monitors the correct position of the heating pad.

Instead of a water heater, you can use an electric one, the degree of heating of which is regulated by a rheostat. The regulator is located at the junction of the cord with the pillow. You need to use it intermittently.

Contraindications to heating pads: acute inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis), bleeding, bruises (during the first hours).

URINARY CATHETERIZATION

Catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into the bladder. Catheterization is performed to remove urine from the bladder for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes and to flush the bladder. Catheterization requires special precautions so as not to introduce infection into the bladder, since its mucous membrane has a weak resistance to infection. Therefore, catheterization is not completely safe for the patient and should be carried out only when necessary. For catheterization, soft and hard catheters are used.

Soft, the catheter is an elastic rubber tube 25-30 cm long and 0.33 to 10 mm in diameter (Nos. 1-30). The end of the catheter, which is inserted into the bladder, is rounded, blind, with an oval hole on the side; the outer end is obliquely cut or funnel-shaped to make it easier to insert the tip of the syringe when introducing a drug solution into the bladder.

Before use, the catheters are boiled for 10-15 minutes from the moment of boiling water, after use they are thoroughly washed with warm water and soap and wiped with a soft cloth. Store rubber catheters in long enamel and glass boxes with a lid, filled with a 2% solution of boric or carbolic acid, otherwise they dry out, lose their elasticity and become brittle. Hospitals have special sterilizers for storing rubber catheters. Formalin tablets are placed at the bottom of the sterilizers, the vapors of which ensure the sterility of the catheters.

Solid catheter (metal) consisting of handle, shaft and beak. The urethral end is blind, rounded with two lateral oval openings. The length of the male catheter is 30 cm, female – 12-15 cm with a small bent beak.

A doctor or nurse inserts a solid catheter. The soft catheter is inserted by a nurse or (at home) a caring relative specially trained in this technique.

Insertion of a catheter in a woman. Before the procedure, the caregiver washes his hands with soap and warm water, and wipes the nail phalanges with alcohol and tincture of iodine. Women are preliminarily washed or douched if there is vaginal discharge. The caregiver stands to the right of the patient, who lies on her back with knees bent and legs apart. With the left hand, the labia are parted, and with the right hand, from top to bottom (toward the anus), the external genital organs and the opening of the urethra are carefully wiped with a disinfectant solution (mercuric chloride solution 1: 1000, furacillin or a solution of mercury oxycyanide). Then, with tweezers, they take a catheter doused with sterile vaseline oil, and carefully insert it into the opening of the urethra. The appearance of urine from the external opening of the catheter indicates that it is in the bladder.

When urine ceases to pass on its own, gentle pressure can be applied through the abdominal wall to the bladder area to remove residual urine from the bladder. Women’s urethra is short (4-6 cm), so catheterization is not very difficult. If you need to take urine for sowing, the edges of a sterile test tube are passed over a flame and, after filling, are closed with a sterile cotton plug. To prevent an ascending infection, the caregiver must strictly follow the rules.

Inserting a catheter in men is much more difficult, since their urethra is 22-25 cm long and forms two physiological constrictions that create obstacles for the passage of the catheter. During catheterization, the patient lies on his back with slightly bent knees and legs apart, a urinal, a tray or a mug is placed between the feet, where urine flows down the catheter. The person performing the manipulation takes the penis in his left hand and carefully wipes its head, foreskin and urethral opening with cotton wool moistened with a solution of boric acid. Then, with his left hand, he spreads the sponges of the external opening of the urethra, and with his right hand, with tweezers or a sterile gauze napkin, inserts a soft catheter, previously poured with sterile vegetable or vaseline oil, with little effort. As soon as the catheter enters the bladder, urine appears. If it is not possible to pass an elastic catheter, a metal catheter is used. A solid catheter for men is inserted only by a doctor.

The catheter should not be removed after the urine has passed, but a little earlier so that the urine stream flushes the urethra after the catheter is removed.

ENNEMA

Enema – the introduction of various liquids into the lower segment of the large intestine for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Enemas are cleansing, siphon, nutritional, medicinal and drip. For setting an enema, Esmarch’s mug is mainly used, which is a reservoir (glass, enameled, rubber) with a capacity of 1-2 liters. at the bottom of which there is a nipple, on which a thick-walled rubber tube 1.5 m long and 1 cm in diameter is put on. Using a tap at the end of the tube, the flow of fluid into the intestine is regulated. A glass, ebonite or plastic tip 8-10 cm long is put on the free end of the tube. The tip must be intact, with smooth edges. After use, the tip is well washed with soap under running warm water and boiled. Store the tip in a jar of disinfectant solution.

Cleansing enemas are used to cleanse the lower intestine from feces and gases during stool retention, to prepare for x-ray examination of the stomach, intestines, kidneys, before operations, before the administration of medicinal enemas.

Contraindications are acute inflammatory diseases in the anus, bleeding hemorrhoids, rectal tumors in the stage of decay, gastric and intestinal bleeding.

To set up a cleansing enema, in addition to Esmarch’s mug, you must have a tripod for hanging it, a thermometer to measure the temperature of the injected liquid (room temperature water, chamomile solution, etc.), oilcloth, basin, bedpan.

An enema is administered by a nurse or (at home) a specially trained relative. The patient is placed on a trestle bed or bed closer to the edge on the left side with legs bent and pulled up to the stomach. If the patient cannot move, he is laid on his back. A bedpan is placed under the buttocks and an oilcloth is placed, the free edge of which is lowered into a bucket in case the patient does not hold water. 1-1.5 liters of boiled water at room temperature are poured into Esmarch’s mug, lifted up and lowered the tip down to release a small amount of water and, with it, the available air. They fill the system (remove some liquid from the tube), after which, without lowering the mug, close the tap on the rubber tube. They check whether the tip is broken, lubricate it with petroleum jelly and, spreading the patient’s buttocks, insert it into the anus with light rotational movements. The first 3-4 cm, the tip is inserted towards the navel, then another 5-8 cm parallel to the coccyx. If obstacles are encountered and the tube rests against the intestinal wall or hard feces, the tube is removed by 1-2 cm and the tap is opened. Esmarch’s mug is raised to a height of 1-1.5 m, and water under pressure enters the large intestine.

If the tip is clogged with stool, it is removed, cleaned and inserted again. If the rectum is filled with feces, try to wash it out with a stream of water. Sometimes the stool is so hard that it is not possible to give an enema. In such cases, feces from the rectum are removed with a finger, wearing a rubber glove lubricated with petroleum jelly.

In the presence of gases and the patient feels a feeling of fullness, it is necessary to immediately lower the mug below the bed and, after the discharge of gases, gradually raise it again. Leaving a little water at the bottom so that air does not enter the intestines, close the valve that regulates the flow of fluid and remove the tip.

It is desirable that the patient retain water for 10 minutes. To do this, he must lie on his back and breathe deeply. At the end of the procedure, Esmarch’s mug is washed, wiped dry and covered with gauze or a towel on top. Plain water enema does not always lead to a bowel movement. To enhance its action, you can add 1/2 teaspoon of powdered baby soap, 2-3 tablespoons of glycerin, 1-2 tablespoons of table salt, 1 cup of chamomile infusion or decoction, etc. to water. If the enema did not work, after a few hours it can be repeated. When setting a cleansing enema, you need to make sure that no more than 1.5-2 liters of liquid is injected at the same time.

Siphon enemas. In cases where conventional cleansing enemas do not work, with intestinal obstruction, as well as to remove fermentation products, putrefaction from the intestines, in case of poisoning with poisons and to remove gases, the best way to wash the intestines is the siphon method (repeated washing of the intestines), which uses the principle of communicating vessels: one of them is the intestines, the other is a funnel at the outer end of a rubber tube inserted into the rectum. For a siphon enema, a sterilized tube 100-120 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter is required with a funnel put on the outer end that can hold about 0.5 liters of liquid, a jug, 10-12 liters of disinfectant liquid (a weak solution of potassium permanganate, a solution of sodium bicarbonate) or boiled water heated to 38 ° C, as well as a bucket to drain the water. The patient is laid on his left side or on his back, an oilcloth is placed under the buttocks, and a bucket for draining and a jug of liquid are placed by the bed. The end of the tube inserted into the rectum is liberally lubricated with petroleum jelly and advanced 20-30 cm forward. It is necessary to ensure that the tube does not curl up in the ampoule of the rectum, controlling its position, if necessary, with a finger. The funnel should be held slightly above the patient’s body in an inclined position. Then, gradually filling it with liquid, it is raised above the body to a height of 1 m. Water begins to pass into the intestines. As soon as the level of the decreasing water reaches the narrowing of the funnel, the latter is lowered over the pelvis, without turning over until the water from the intestines fills the funnel. With this position of the funnel, air bubbles and lumps of feces are clearly visible. All this content is poured into the basin, the funnel is refilled with water and the procedure is repeated several times until the escape of gases stops and clean water flows into the funnel. A siphon enema may require up to 10-12 liters of water. After the end of the procedure, the funnel is removed, washed and boiled, and the rubber tube is left in the rectum for 10-20 minutes, lowering its outer end into the basin to drain the remaining liquid and release gases.

Hypertonic enemas cause a good laxative effect without sharp intestinal peristalsis. Typically, a 5-10% solution of sodium chloride (common salt), a 20-30% solution of magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate is used. 100-200 ml of a warm solution is injected into the rectum using a rubber balloon – a “pear”. Contraindications are inflammatory and ulcerative processes in the lower colon.

Oil enemas are used for persistent constipation. For this, vegetable oils are used: sunflower, olive, hemp, vaseline. For one enema, take 50-100 ml of oil heated to 37-38 ° C. Oil is usually injected using a rubber balloon, syringe or catheter, advancing it into the rectum by 10 cm. The oil spreads along the intestinal wall, envelops the feces, relaxes the intestinal muscles and promotes the excretion of feces. The patient should lie still for 10-15 minutes so that the oil does not leak out.

Emulsion enemas. Prepare 2 cups of chamomile infusion in advance (1 tablespoon of chamomile per 1 cup of boiling water), then beat the yolk of one egg with 1 teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate (soda) and pour in chamomile infusion, add 2 tablespoons of vaseline oil or glycerin.

Medicinal enemas. If the introduction of medicinal substances through the mouth is impossible or contraindicated, they can be administered through the rectum, where they are absorbed and quickly enter the bloodstream through the hemorrhoidal veins, bypassing the liver. Medicinal enemas are divided into enemas of local action and general. The former are used for inflammatory processes in the large intestine, and the latter for the introduction of medicinal or nutrients into the body.

30-40 minutes before the drug enema, a cleansing enema is given, and after bowel movement, the drug is administered. Medicinal enemas are mainly microclysters, since their contents should not exceed 50-100 ml. Medicinal substances are collected in a 20-gram syringe, a Janet syringe or in a rubber canister with a capacity of 50 to 100 g. The temperature of the medicinal substance should be at least 40 ° C, since at a lower temperature there is an urge to defecate and the medicine does not have time to be absorbed. The patient lies on the left side, the legs are bent at the knees and pulled up to the stomach. Pushing the buttocks apart with the left hand, with the right rotational movements, a catheter lubricated with sterile vaseline oil is inserted 15-20 cm into the rectum. Then the catheter is connected to a syringe or balloon containing the medicinal substance, and this solution is slowly squeezed out into the catheter in small portions under slight pressure. Then, holding and squeezing the outer end of the catheter to prevent the liquid from flowing back out of it, carefully remove the syringe or balloon from the catheter, suck air into it, reinsert it into the catheter and blow through to push the remaining liquid in it. In order not to cause mechanical, thermal and chemical irritation of the intestine, it is necessary to introduce drugs into it in a relatively low concentration, diluted in a warm isotonic solution of sodium chloride or with an enveloping substance (50 g of starch decoction). Most often, painkillers, sedatives and sleeping pills are administered in microclysters.

Starch enemas are used to reduce peristalsis and as a coating emollient in acute colitis. To do this, 5 g of starch (potato, rice, corn, wheat) is diluted in 100 ml of cool water and, while stirring, gradually add 100 ml of boiling water. Then the solution is cooled to 40 ° C and injected into the rectum.

Chloral hydrate enemas are prescribed for convulsions and severe arousal. Chloral hydrate (1 g) is diluted in 25 ml of distilled water and 25 ml of brewed starch is added (at the rate of 1:50), since chloral hydrate has an irritating effect on the rectal mucosa.

Drip enemas are used to replace lost blood or fluid. Usually, a 5% glucose solution with an isotonic sodium chloride solution is dripped. For a drip enema, the same devices are used as for a cleansing one, only a dropper with a clamp is inserted into the rubber tube connecting the tip to Esmarch’s mug. It is screwed in such a way that the liquid from the tube enters the rectum not in a stream, but in drops. The clamp also regulates the frequency of drops (most often 60-80 drops per minute, i.e. 240 ml per hour). Up to 3 liters of liquid can be administered per day by drip. A mug with a solution is suspended at a height of 1 m above the bed. The caregiver should carefully monitor that the patient is lying down so that the tube does not bend and the flow of fluid does not stop. The injected solution should have a temperature of 40-42 ° C, for this, a heating pad is attached to the back wall of Esmarch’s mug and they make sure that it is warm all the time.

Nutrient enemas. In cases where it is impossible to introduce nutrients through the mouth, they can be administered through the rectum, which is one type of artificial nutrition. The use of nutrient enemas is very limited, since only water, isotonic sodium chloride solution, glucose solutions and alcohol are absorbed in the lower segment of the large intestine, where the contents entered with the help of an enema enter. Proteins and amino acids are partially absorbed. Nutrient enemas can only be an additional method of administering nutrients.

30 – 40 minutes before the nutritional enema, a cleansing enema is given until the intestines are completely empty. The volume of the nutrient enema should not exceed 1 cup. Warm solutions are collected in a rubber canister, lubricated with vaseline oil on the nose of the canister, the air in it is released and the nose is inserted into the rectum. You need to press the can slowly so that the liquid gradually enters the intestines and does not irritate the mucous membrane. After this, the patient should lie still so that there is no urge to defecate.

WASHING THE PATIENTS

Patients who stay in bed for a long time and do not take a hygienic bath every week, as well as those suffering from urinary and fecal incontinence, need to be washed several times a day, as the accumulation of urine and feces in the inguinal folds can lead to violation of the integrity of the skin and the formation of bedsores. Washing is done with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or other disinfectant. The solution should be warm (30-32°C). For washing, you need to have a jug, forceps and sterile cotton balls. Most often, women are washed away.

When washing, a vessel is placed under the buttocks. The patient should lie on her back, bending her legs at the knee joints and slightly apart at the hips. A jug with a warm disinfectant solution is taken in the left hand and poured onto the external genitalia. First, the genitals are washed with a cotton swab, gradually moving towards the anus (top to bottom) once, after which they wipe the skin in the same direction with a dry cotton swab and discard the swab so as not to bring infections from the anus to the bladder. Washing is conveniently done from Esmarch’s mug, equipped with a rubber tube, a clamp and a vaginal tip, directing a jet of water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate to the perineum.

Washing men is much easier. The position of the patient is also on the back, the legs are bent at the knees; a vessel is placed under the buttocks and a stream of water is directed to the perineum and inguinal folds. Wipe the skin with a cotton swab, then wipe it dry with a dry cotton swab; if there is diaper rash in the inguinal folds, they are lubricated with petroleum jelly or any fat.

DOUCING

Douching is a method of washing the vagina for therapeutic purposes with water or aqueous solutions of medicinal substances. In this case, mechanical washing out of the contents of the vagina occurs. Depending on the drug, cauterization of the vaginal mucosa, astringent, tonic and disinfectant effect on it can be performed. It is not recommended to douche women in the second half of pregnancy and in the postpartum period.

For douching, prepare 2 liters of water or a medicinal solution of the appropriate temperature, Esmarch’s mug and vaginal tip, vessel and lining oilcloth. Most often, a weak solution of potassium permanganate (5-6 grains per 2 liters of water), isotonic 0.9% sodium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution (2 teaspoons of soda per 1 liter of water), boric acid (2-4 teaspoons per 0 .5 liters of water).

Vaginal tips are available in glass and plastic. They are a slightly curved tube 15 cm long and about 1 cm thick with one hole at the end or several holes on the side surfaces near the end. Glass tips are sterilized by boiling before use, plastic tips are washed with antiseptic solutions.