What are the key differences between urinary tract infections and yeast infections. How can you tell them apart based on symptoms. What causes each type of infection and who is most at risk. What are the recommended treatments for UTIs vs yeast infections.

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that affect the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, and sometimes the kidneys. They occur when bacteria enter and multiply in the urinary tract.

Common Symptoms of UTIs

• Pain or burning sensation when urinating
• Frequent, urgent need to urinate
• Cloudy or blood-tinged urine
• Strong-smelling urine
• Lower abdominal pain or discomfort
• In severe cases: fever, chills, nausea, vomiting

Are UTIs more common in women or men? UTIs are significantly more prevalent in women, with an estimated 60% of females experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime compared to only 12% of males. This is largely due to women having a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to more easily reach the bladder.

The Basics of Yeast Infections

Yeast infections, also known as candidiasis, are fungal infections caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast naturally present in the body. They most commonly affect the vagina but can also occur in other warm, moist areas of the body.

Recognizing Yeast Infection Symptoms

• Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during intercourse or urination
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese-like appearance
• Vaginal pain and soreness

How quickly do yeast infection symptoms typically appear? Symptoms of a yeast infection can develop quite rapidly, often within a few days of the fungal overgrowth beginning. However, the onset and severity can vary from person to person.

Key Differences Between UTIs and Yeast Infections

While both UTIs and yeast infections can cause discomfort in the genital area, there are several key differences that can help distinguish between the two:

1. Discharge: UTIs typically cause cloudy or bloody urine, while yeast infections produce a thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge.
2. Odor: UTIs often result in strong-smelling urine, whereas yeast infections generally do not cause a noticeable odor.
3. Pain location: UTI pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen and urethra, while yeast infection discomfort is concentrated in the vagina and vulva.
4. Itching: Intense itching is a hallmark of yeast infections but is not typically associated with UTIs.
5. Fever: UTIs, especially if they spread to the kidneys, can cause fever and chills. Yeast infections rarely cause fever.

Can a person have both a UTI and a yeast infection simultaneously? Yes, it is possible to have both infections at the same time, which is why it’s crucial to get an accurate diagnosis from a healthcare provider if you’re experiencing symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors for UTIs

Understanding the causes and risk factors for UTIs can help in prevention and early detection. Some common causes and risk factors include:

• Bacterial entry into the urinary tract, often from the anal area
• Sexual activity, especially with new or multiple partners
• Use of certain types of birth control, like diaphragms or spermicides
• Menopause, due to changes in vaginal pH
• Urinary tract abnormalities or blockages
• Catheter use
• Suppressed immune system
• Diabetes

Why are postmenopausal women at higher risk for UTIs? The decline in estrogen levels during menopause leads to changes in the urinary tract that make it more vulnerable to infection. These changes include thinning of the urethral tissue and alterations in the protective vaginal flora.

Factors Contributing to Yeast Infections

Yeast infections occur when there’s an imbalance in the body’s natural flora, allowing Candida to overgrow. Several factors can contribute to this imbalance:

• Antibiotic use, which can kill beneficial bacteria
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or due to birth control pills
• Diabetes or high blood sugar levels
• Weakened immune system
• Tight, non-breathable clothing
• Douching or using scented feminine products
• Stress and lack of sleep

Does diet play a role in yeast infection susceptibility? Yes, consuming high amounts of sugar and refined carbohydrates can potentially increase the risk of yeast infections by providing more “food” for Candida to thrive on. A balanced diet rich in probiotics may help maintain healthy vaginal flora.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of both UTIs and yeast infections. Healthcare providers typically use the following methods:

Diagnosing UTIs

• Urinalysis to check for bacteria, blood cells, and other signs of infection
• Urine culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection
• In some cases, imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan to check for urinary tract abnormalities

Diagnosing Yeast Infections

• Physical examination and review of symptoms
• Vaginal swab for microscopic examination or culture
• pH test of vaginal secretions

How are UTIs typically treated? UTIs are usually treated with a course of antibiotics. The type and duration of antibiotic treatment depend on the severity of the infection and the patient’s medical history. It’s important to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.

What are the standard treatments for yeast infections? Yeast infections are typically treated with antifungal medications, which can be prescribed or purchased over-the-counter. These may include:

• Oral antifungal medications like fluconazole
• Topical antifungal creams or suppositories
• For recurrent infections, longer courses of treatment may be necessary

Prevention Strategies for UTIs and Yeast Infections

While it’s not always possible to prevent these infections entirely, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk:

Preventing UTIs

• Stay well-hydrated to flush out bacteria
• Urinate shortly after sexual activity
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
• Avoid holding urine for long periods
• Consider cranberry supplements or juice (though evidence is mixed)

Preventing Yeast Infections

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid douching and scented feminine hygiene products
• Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Maintain a healthy diet and manage blood sugar levels
• Consider probiotic supplements or foods

Are there any natural remedies that can help prevent or treat these infections? While scientific evidence is limited, some people find relief or preventive benefits from natural remedies such as probiotics, garlic, or tea tree oil. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any alternative treatments, especially if you have recurring infections.

Special Considerations for Different Populations

Certain groups may be more susceptible to UTIs or yeast infections, or may require special attention when it comes to prevention and treatment:

Pregnant Women

Pregnant women are more susceptible to both UTIs and yeast infections due to hormonal changes. UTIs during pregnancy can be particularly serious if left untreated, potentially leading to complications. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider immediately if they suspect either type of infection.

Children

UTIs in children, especially young girls, are not uncommon. They may present with different symptoms than adults, such as bedwetting, abdominal pain, or fever without other obvious causes. Prompt treatment is important to prevent kidney damage.

Elderly Individuals

Older adults, particularly those in long-term care facilities, are at increased risk for UTIs. They may experience atypical symptoms such as confusion or behavioral changes. Maintaining good hygiene and hydration is crucial for prevention in this population.

Individuals with Diabetes

People with diabetes are more susceptible to both UTIs and yeast infections due to elevated blood sugar levels. Maintaining good blood sugar control is essential for preventing these infections.

How does diabetes increase the risk of UTIs and yeast infections? High blood sugar levels can weaken the immune system and provide an ideal environment for bacteria and fungi to thrive. Additionally, diabetes can cause nerve damage that affects bladder function, increasing the risk of UTIs.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While mild cases of yeast infections can sometimes be treated with over-the-counter medications, it’s important to know when to consult a healthcare provider. Seek medical attention if:

• Symptoms persist or worsen after a few days of home treatment
• You have recurrent infections (more than 4 yeast infections in a year)
• You experience severe pain, fever, or chills
• You’re pregnant
• You have diabetes or a weakened immune system
• There’s unusual discharge or bleeding

For UTIs, it’s generally recommended to see a healthcare provider if you suspect you have an infection, as antibiotics are typically necessary for treatment. Prompt attention is especially important if you experience symptoms of a kidney infection, such as back pain, fever, or nausea.

What are the potential complications of untreated UTIs or yeast infections? Untreated UTIs can lead to kidney infections, which can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Chronic or recurrent yeast infections may be a sign of an underlying health condition and can cause significant discomfort and impact quality of life if left untreated.

Differences in symptoms and treatment

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• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

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Was this helpful?

Both a yeast infection and a urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause pain and discomfort, but there are some differences. For instance, a yeast infection produces a white discharge, while a UTI leads to cloudy urine.

People should seek professional medical attention if they believe that they have either type of infection.

In this article, we discuss the differences between yeast infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs), including their symptoms, duration, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Share on PinterestYeast infections and UTIs may both cause pain when urinating.

Yeast infections and UTIs cause distinct symptoms that affect different parts of the body.

Yeast infections usually cause pain and itching of the genitals and a thick, curd-like discharge.

UTIs specifically affect the lower urinary tract, which includes the urethra and bladder. Without treatment, a UTI can spread to the kidneys, causing more severe symptoms and potential complications.

In severe cases, a UTI can also cause fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting.

The duration of both infections depends on two factors: the severity of the infection and the choice of treatment.

In general, the symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI — one that has not spread to the kidneys — go away 1–2 days after starting antibiotic treatment. However, a complicated UTI can take several days to a couple of weeks to treat.

A mild yeast infection is likely to clear up more quickly than a severe one. The duration of treatment for yeast infections varies from just a few days to up to 6 months, although the latter is rare.

Learn more about how long a yeast infection can last here.

Yeast infections and UTIs have distinct causes and risk factors.

UTIs

According to a 2015 article, UTIs are most common among older males, young boys, and females of all ages.

An estimated 60% of females and 12% of males will have at least one UTI during their lifetime, according to the Urology Care Foundation.

UTIs occur when bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus, enter the urinary tract.

Risk factors for a UTI can include:

• having sex
• using certain contraceptive methods, such as diaphragms or spermicide
• wiping from back to front after a bowel movement
• having kidney or bladder stones
• urinating without emptying the bladder
• having a urinary catheter

Females develop UTIs more often than males because the female urethra is much shorter, which allows bacteria near the vagina to enter the bladder more easily.

UTIs in children

According to the Urology Care Foundation, up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys develop UTIs. They also state that young children have a higher risk than adults of kidney damage from UTIs.

Young children may experience UTIs due to a condition called vesicoureteral reflux, which is most common among infants and children, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Vesicoureteral reflux can occur as a result of structural abnormalities of the ureters.

Normally, urine flows through the ureters from the kidneys into the bladder. A small piece of tissue called the flap valve blocks urine from flowing backward from the bladder to the ureters.

In vesicoureteral reflux, urine from the bladder may reenter one or both ureters and even flow back into the kidneys.

Vesicoureteral reflux rarely causes long term complications for children.

Yeast infections

Share on PinterestA person may be at risk of a yeast infection if they are pregnant, taking antibiotics, or have a weakened immune system.

Yeast infections occur when there is an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus that lives inside the body, in a moist area of the skin. Typical areas where yeast infections may develop include:

• the mouth
• the throat
• the gut
• the vagina

Vaginal yeast infections are very common. According to the Office on Women’s Health, about 75% of all females will have at least one yeast infection during their lifetime.

Risk factors for yeast infections include:

• having a weakened immune system
• taking antibiotics or having recently completed a course
• being pregnant
• having uncontrolled diabetes
• using hormonal birth control that contains high doses of estrogen
• using douches or vaginal sprays
• wearing tight underwear and clothes that create a warm, moist environment

During pregnancy

Pregnant women may have an increased risk of developing both types of infection. They should contact their OB-GYN immediately if they believe that they may have a UTI or yeast infection.

Untreated UTIs and yeast infections can harm the fetus and may result in complications during and after delivery.

Learn more about infections during pregnancy here.

UTIs and yeast infections require a medical professional to diagnose and treat them.

If a person leaves either infection untreated, it can progress, causing worse symptoms and additional complications. For example, an untreated UTI may result in a severe kidney infection.

Doctors use different diagnostic methods for yeast infections and UTIs.

The diagnosis of a UTI requires a urine sample. At the doctor’s office, a person will fill a small cup with urine. The doctor will send this to a laboratory where technicians will test it for the presence of bacteria.

A doctor can diagnose a yeast infection by carrying out a physical examination of the affected area and a culture test.

During a culture test, a doctor will use a cotton swab to collect a sample from the affected area and then send it to a laboratory for testing. The lab technicians will examine it for the Candida fungus.

UTIs and yeast infections require different treatments.

UTI treatment usually involves antibiotics, which clear up bacterial infections. The class and dosage of antibiotic treatment depend on the type of infection and the person’s medical history.

Although symptoms usually go away shortly after a person starts taking antibiotics, they should complete the entire course of medication that the doctor prescribed.

People can treat yeast infections in several different ways. Mild yeast infections may respond to over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications, which are available in the following forms:

• creams
• ointments
• suppositories
• oral tablets

OTC antifungal medications are available to purchase in stores or online.

Severe yeast infections might require a prescription-strength antifungal oral tablet called fluconazole.

Although OTC and prescription medications can successfully treat UTIs and yeast infections, some people may choose alternative or natural therapies instead.

Eating natural, unsweetened yogurt that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus may help prevent yeast infections.

Unsweetened cranberry juice is a common home remedy for UTIs. However, in a 2013 article, researchers reviewed 24 studies and concluded that cranberry juice is less effective than earlier research indicated and that it demonstrates a limited ability to prevent UTIs.

Mild UTIs and yeast infections are easily treatable and may even resolve on their own. However, people should still consult a doctor before attempting to treat either infection at home.

Currently, not enough scientific evidence exists to support the exclusive use of natural remedies for treating UTIs or yeast infections.

Share on PinterestStaying hydrated may help prevent UTIs and yeast infections.

Steps that people can take to prevent UTIs and yeast infections include:

• staying hydrated
• urinating when the need arises and not holding it in
• wiping from front to back after a bowel movement
• urinating before and after sex
• avoiding the use of douches, vaginal sprays, and scented feminine hygiene products
• changing out of swimsuits and exercise attire as soon as possible
• changing female sanitary products regularly
• avoiding tight fitting or restrictive clothing

Although UTIs and yeast infections are common, they cause symptoms that are similar to those of other conditions. As a result, people may sometimes mistake one condition for another.

Conditions that cause symptoms similar to those of UTIs and yeast infections include the following:

• Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a bladder condition that causes frequent urination and chronic pain near the bladder.
• Ovarian cysts are benign growths that develop on the ovaries. Ovarian cysts can cause uncomfortable bloating, pain in the lower back, and a frequent urge to urinate.
• Bacterial vaginosis refers to an overgrowth of bacteria in and around the vagina. It can cause painful urination, itching, and odor.

UTIs and yeast infections affect the lower pelvic and genital regions. However, these conditions have distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Yeast infections occur due to an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, while UTIs result from bacterial infections in the urinary tract.

Yeast infections cause itching, pain, and odorless vaginal discharge. UTIs, on the other hand, cause urinary symptoms, such as a frequent urge to urinate and painful urination.

Both types of infection require medical attention, but they are easily treatable. Treatment typically involves antifungals for yeast infections and antibiotics for UTIs.

People can often prevent yeast infections and UTIs by staying hydrated, urinating frequently, and using proper hygiene techniques.

Differences in symptoms and treatment

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Both a yeast infection and a urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause pain and discomfort, but there are some differences. For instance, a yeast infection produces a white discharge, while a UTI leads to cloudy urine.

People should seek professional medical attention if they believe that they have either type of infection.

In this article, we discuss the differences between yeast infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs), including their symptoms, duration, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Share on PinterestYeast infections and UTIs may both cause pain when urinating.

Yeast infections and UTIs cause distinct symptoms that affect different parts of the body.

Yeast infections usually cause pain and itching of the genitals and a thick, curd-like discharge.

UTIs specifically affect the lower urinary tract, which includes the urethra and bladder. Without treatment, a UTI can spread to the kidneys, causing more severe symptoms and potential complications.

In severe cases, a UTI can also cause fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting.

The duration of both infections depends on two factors: the severity of the infection and the choice of treatment.

In general, the symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI — one that has not spread to the kidneys — go away 1–2 days after starting antibiotic treatment. However, a complicated UTI can take several days to a couple of weeks to treat.

A mild yeast infection is likely to clear up more quickly than a severe one. The duration of treatment for yeast infections varies from just a few days to up to 6 months, although the latter is rare.

Learn more about how long a yeast infection can last here.

Yeast infections and UTIs have distinct causes and risk factors.

UTIs

According to a 2015 article, UTIs are most common among older males, young boys, and females of all ages.

An estimated 60% of females and 12% of males will have at least one UTI during their lifetime, according to the Urology Care Foundation.

UTIs occur when bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Staphylococcus saprophyticus, enter the urinary tract.

Risk factors for a UTI can include:

• having sex
• using certain contraceptive methods, such as diaphragms or spermicide
• wiping from back to front after a bowel movement
• having kidney or bladder stones
• urinating without emptying the bladder
• having a urinary catheter

Females develop UTIs more often than males because the female urethra is much shorter, which allows bacteria near the vagina to enter the bladder more easily.

UTIs in children

According to the Urology Care Foundation, up to 8% of girls and 2% of boys develop UTIs. They also state that young children have a higher risk than adults of kidney damage from UTIs.

Young children may experience UTIs due to a condition called vesicoureteral reflux, which is most common among infants and children, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Vesicoureteral reflux can occur as a result of structural abnormalities of the ureters.

Normally, urine flows through the ureters from the kidneys into the bladder. A small piece of tissue called the flap valve blocks urine from flowing backward from the bladder to the ureters.

In vesicoureteral reflux, urine from the bladder may reenter one or both ureters and even flow back into the kidneys.

Vesicoureteral reflux rarely causes long term complications for children.

Yeast infections

Share on PinterestA person may be at risk of a yeast infection if they are pregnant, taking antibiotics, or have a weakened immune system.

Yeast infections occur when there is an overgrowth of Candida, a type of fungus that lives inside the body, in a moist area of the skin. Typical areas where yeast infections may develop include:

• the mouth
• the throat
• the gut
• the vagina

Vaginal yeast infections are very common. According to the Office on Women’s Health, about 75% of all females will have at least one yeast infection during their lifetime.

Risk factors for yeast infections include:

• having a weakened immune system
• taking antibiotics or having recently completed a course
• being pregnant
• having uncontrolled diabetes
• using hormonal birth control that contains high doses of estrogen
• using douches or vaginal sprays
• wearing tight underwear and clothes that create a warm, moist environment

During pregnancy

Pregnant women may have an increased risk of developing both types of infection. They should contact their OB-GYN immediately if they believe that they may have a UTI or yeast infection.

Untreated UTIs and yeast infections can harm the fetus and may result in complications during and after delivery.

Learn more about infections during pregnancy here.

UTIs and yeast infections require a medical professional to diagnose and treat them.

If a person leaves either infection untreated, it can progress, causing worse symptoms and additional complications. For example, an untreated UTI may result in a severe kidney infection.

Doctors use different diagnostic methods for yeast infections and UTIs.

The diagnosis of a UTI requires a urine sample. At the doctor’s office, a person will fill a small cup with urine. The doctor will send this to a laboratory where technicians will test it for the presence of bacteria.

A doctor can diagnose a yeast infection by carrying out a physical examination of the affected area and a culture test.

During a culture test, a doctor will use a cotton swab to collect a sample from the affected area and then send it to a laboratory for testing. The lab technicians will examine it for the Candida fungus.

UTIs and yeast infections require different treatments.

UTI treatment usually involves antibiotics, which clear up bacterial infections. The class and dosage of antibiotic treatment depend on the type of infection and the person’s medical history.

Although symptoms usually go away shortly after a person starts taking antibiotics, they should complete the entire course of medication that the doctor prescribed.

People can treat yeast infections in several different ways. Mild yeast infections may respond to over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications, which are available in the following forms:

• creams
• ointments
• suppositories
• oral tablets

OTC antifungal medications are available to purchase in stores or online.

Severe yeast infections might require a prescription-strength antifungal oral tablet called fluconazole.

Although OTC and prescription medications can successfully treat UTIs and yeast infections, some people may choose alternative or natural therapies instead.

Eating natural, unsweetened yogurt that contains Lactobacillus acidophilus may help prevent yeast infections.

Unsweetened cranberry juice is a common home remedy for UTIs. However, in a 2013 article, researchers reviewed 24 studies and concluded that cranberry juice is less effective than earlier research indicated and that it demonstrates a limited ability to prevent UTIs.

Mild UTIs and yeast infections are easily treatable and may even resolve on their own. However, people should still consult a doctor before attempting to treat either infection at home.

Currently, not enough scientific evidence exists to support the exclusive use of natural remedies for treating UTIs or yeast infections.

Share on PinterestStaying hydrated may help prevent UTIs and yeast infections.

Steps that people can take to prevent UTIs and yeast infections include:

• staying hydrated
• urinating when the need arises and not holding it in
• wiping from front to back after a bowel movement
• urinating before and after sex
• avoiding the use of douches, vaginal sprays, and scented feminine hygiene products
• changing out of swimsuits and exercise attire as soon as possible
• changing female sanitary products regularly
• avoiding tight fitting or restrictive clothing

Although UTIs and yeast infections are common, they cause symptoms that are similar to those of other conditions. As a result, people may sometimes mistake one condition for another.

Conditions that cause symptoms similar to those of UTIs and yeast infections include the following:

• Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a bladder condition that causes frequent urination and chronic pain near the bladder.
• Ovarian cysts are benign growths that develop on the ovaries. Ovarian cysts can cause uncomfortable bloating, pain in the lower back, and a frequent urge to urinate.
• Bacterial vaginosis refers to an overgrowth of bacteria in and around the vagina. It can cause painful urination, itching, and odor.

UTIs and yeast infections affect the lower pelvic and genital regions. However, these conditions have distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Yeast infections occur due to an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, while UTIs result from bacterial infections in the urinary tract.

Yeast infections cause itching, pain, and odorless vaginal discharge. UTIs, on the other hand, cause urinary symptoms, such as a frequent urge to urinate and painful urination.

Both types of infection require medical attention, but they are easily treatable. Treatment typically involves antifungals for yeast infections and antibiotics for UTIs.

People can often prevent yeast infections and UTIs by staying hydrated, urinating frequently, and using proper hygiene techniques.

Urinary tract infection – KDLmed

Urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. The kidneys form urine by removing excess fluid from the blood and waste materials that are unnecessary for the body. Urine from the kidneys through special tubes (ureters) enters the bladder, where it accumulates and is periodically excreted through the urethra (urethra).

The most commonly affected parts of the urinary system are the bladder and urethra. A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter the urethra and multiply in the bladder. With the further development of the inflammatory process, a decrease in the body’s defenses, the infection can spread through the ureters and affect the kidneys, causing serious complications.

Urinary tract infections are more common in women than in men. This is due to the structural features of the male and female urogenital system. For the treatment of these diseases, various antibacterial drugs are prescribed.

Synonyms Russian

Urinary tract infection, urinary tract infection.

Synonyms English

Urinary tract infection, urinary system infection.

Symptoms

• Frequent, strong urge to urinate
• Small urine output
• Soreness, burning sensation when urinating
• Discoloration of urine
• Turbidity of urine, the appearance of flocculent discharge in the urine
• Strong smell of urine
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Pain in the lumbar region
• Increased body temperature
• Nausea, vomiting

General information about the disease

The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. The kidneys are paired organs located in the lumbar region. Their function is to remove unnecessary and harmful substances that are formed in the process of human life. The kidneys extract these substances from the blood and excrete them along with excess fluid (urine). They also play an important role in maintaining blood pressure, the formation of red blood cells, and other vital functions. Through the ureters, urine from the kidneys enters the bladder, and then, with the contraction of its walls, into the urethra (urethra) and is excreted.

Urinary tract infections are more common in women. This is due to the structural features of the male and female urogenital system. In women, the urethra is shorter, which shortens the path for bacteria to reach the bladder, where infection can develop more intensely. With inflammation of the urethra, urethritis occurs, with inflammation of the bladder – cystitis, with the penetration of infection into the kidneys – pyelonephritis.

• Urethritis – inflammation of the urethra. One of the reasons may be the penetration of infection from the anus into the urethra. This route of infection is especially common in women, since the anus and the opening of the urethra are located close to them. Urethritis is caused by sexually transmitted infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes and others.
• Cystitis – inflammation of the bladder. Occurs when the infection spreads through the urethra to the bladder. A short urethra in women causes their frequent development of cystitis.
• Pyelonephritis – inflammation of the renal pelvis (part of the kidney). One of the reasons for the development of pyelonephritis is the penetration of infection from the bladder through the ureters into the kidneys. At the same time, body temperature rises, intense pain in the lumbar region occurs. Pyelonephritis can be accompanied by damage to the kidneys, a violation of their functions.

Who is at risk?

• Women, in particular:
  • using certain means of contraception – vaginal caps;
  • menopausal (hormonal changes make the urinary tract more susceptible to infections)
• Persons with abnormalities in the development of the organs of the urinary system – this often interferes with the normal excretion of urine, which contributes to the penetration and reproduction of bacteria.
• Persons with a violation of the normal outflow of urine. Diseases that can cause difficulty in the outflow of urine: prostate adenoma (accompanied by an increase in the size of this gland and squeezing of the urethra, which causes urinary retention in the bladder), kidney stones, etc. Urinary retention creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of bacteria.
• Immunocompromised people – various diseases (eg diabetes) cause a decrease in the body’s ability to fight infections, which increases the risk of diseases of the urinary system.
• Patients with a urinary catheter.

Diagnostics

Laboratory diagnostics plays a leading role in the detection of urinary tract infections.

• Urinalysis. Allows you to determine the various properties of urine (color, density, transparency), to identify inflammatory changes in the organs of the urinary system. An increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine, the presence of bacteria, mucus is observed with infections of the urinary system.
• Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko. It can be prescribed for changes in the general analysis of urine. This analysis shows the exact number of red blood cells, white blood cells, cylinders (protein particles that should not normally be) in the urine. The level of leukocytes indicates the severity of the inflammatory process.
• Culture for antibiotic susceptibility (morning urine). This study is of great importance for the treatment of infectious diseases of the urinary system. It allows you to identify the bacteria that caused the inflammation, and antibiotics that act specifically on this type of bacteria.
• Complete blood count (without leukocyte formula and ESR). Allows you to determine the number of erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, hemoglobin content in erythrocytes. The number of leukocytes increases with various inflammatory processes.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). One of the causes of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is inflamed

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract – urinary tract infection

Table of contents

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary tract is a common syndrome characterized by complicated and uncomplicated infections of the upper and lower urinary tract. They are diagnosed more often in adult women and men, as well as in the elderly. The risk group also includes people with diseases of the genitourinary system, kidney pathologies, patients in intensive care units (use of catheters) and people with diabetes are especially susceptible to urinary tract infections. Diseases are formed due to factors such as hypothermia, impaired urination, decreased immunity and acute respiratory infections.

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area require immediate treatment. Clinical recommendations and a treatment program are prescribed by a urologist. If any symptoms appear, you should seek help from your doctor. Urinary tract infections are expressed by vivid symptoms, which are characterized by pain and impaired functioning of the kidneys and bladder.

The anatomical features of the structure of the male and female body affect the possibility of urinary tract infection. Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area in women are often diagnosed more due to the close location of the anus, vagina, and urethra, so the risk of transmitting infections is the highest. In men, the peculiarity is the passage of the urinary canal through the prostate gland, so inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area are associated with diseases such as prostatitis. Also, an important feature of the connection of the urethra and the seminal canal in the male reproductive system is the main cause of urinary tract infections due to the addition of sexually transmitted diseases.

Urinary tract infections are caused by pathogens such as E. coli. Normally, it is found in the microflora of the large intestine, but in violation of hygiene, it is the causative agent of acute pyelonephritis or other complications in the kidney system. Also, causative agents are chlamydia, mycoplasmas – bacteria that affect the urethra and are sexually transmitted. Both inflammatory diseases and abscesses in the body can be factors in the development of urinary tract infections.

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area begin their journey with the attachment of the causative agent of urinary tract infection to the urethra. A favorable environment contributes to the active reproduction of bacteria, which already leads to tangible symptoms that allow you to seek timely treatment. Without antibiotic therapy, further movement of inflammation into the bladder occurs, which is expressed by acute cystitis. Further, without treatment, urinary tract infections move higher and cause complicated kidney infections.

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area and urinary tract infections in pregnant women are common. This feature is indicated by changes in the female body. Due to compression of the bladder and ureters by an enlarged uterus, as well as due to a decrease in peristalsis and kidney function.

Classification of inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area are classified into complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Complicated infections include: urethritis, urosepsis and special forms of inflammatory diseases such as prostatitis, orchitis, etc. Uncomplicated infections include: acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis. An important complication of the course of urinary tract infection is advanced age and the course of the disease in pregnant women.

Factors causing complicated urinary tract infection:

• pregnancy;
• diabetes mellitus;
• immunological diseases;
• no positive antibiotic therapy;
• against the background of surgical interventions in the genitourinary system;
• against the background of manipulative actions in the genitourinary system;
• pathological features of the structure of the urogenital area.

According to the course of the disease, urinary tract infections are divided into acute and chronic. By localization, urinary tract infections are diagnosed in the lower and upper parts of the genitourinary system.

Diagnosis of diseases of the genitourinary system

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system can be diagnosed using blood tests and instrumental methods.

Urinary tract infections can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. To create a complete picture, the urologist collects an anamnesis and takes into account possible factors for the occurrence of urinary tract infection. Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system can be triggered by the presence of immunodeficiency disease and diabetes mellitus.

In the course of urinary tract infection, high body temperature and pain syndrome are expressed. Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system from the place of localization cause pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen.

Laboratory methods for the study of urinary tract infections include complete blood count, biochemical blood test, urinalysis, Zimnitsky test. Diseases of the genitourinary system are diagnosed using instrumental methods. With the help of ultrasound, the presence of acute pyelonephritis can be identified. Urinary tract infections are difficult to see with an instrumental study.

Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system

Properly selected antibiotic therapy is the success of the treatment. The goal of treating a urinary tract infection is to eliminate the pathogens and prevent recurrence of the disease. The clinical recommendations are based on complex treatment: antibiotic therapy, proper diet, prescription of herbal medicine to eliminate possible relapses, spa treatment and constant proper hygiene. The type of treatment also depends on the cause of the urinary tract infection and the diagnosis.

Urinary tract infections

Urethritis — urinary tract infections, characterized by an inflammatory process in the urethra. Symptoms of urethritis are pronounced: pain, and burning during urine output, depending on the pathogen – pathological discharge from the urethra is possible. A complication of urethritis is the transition of the inflammatory process to the internal organs; in women, urethritis turns into an acute form of cystitis. Treatment is prescribed by the attending physician according to the causes of the urinary tract infection. With inadequate therapy, a narrowing or adhesion of the urinary canal is possible, which is an indication for surgical treatment.

Cystitis is an inflammatory process in the bladder. The disease is diagnosed in females most often due to anatomical features. Symptoms of urinary tract infection are expressed by acute pain in the lower abdomen, impaired urination and hematuria. Symptoms appear abruptly and are accompanied by fever, vomiting, and nausea. Treatment of uncomplicated cystitis is prescribed by a 7-day course of antibiotic therapy. From the first day of admission, the patient’s condition improves. If infections in the bladder do not disappear after a course of therapy, a change in drugs is possible. Pregnant women are prescribed individual courses of therapy.

Pyelonephritis is a process of infection and inflammation in the kidneys. Urinary tract infections lead to complications such as pyelonephritis and are their complicated form. Symptoms of pyelonephritis are expressed by aching pain in the lumbar region, fever, nausea and vomiting. In the chronic form of the disease without exacerbation, symptoms do not appear. Treatment of pyelonephritis consists in diagnosing and prescribing bacterial therapy, then restoring urination and further preventive action.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria. Urinary tract infections are characterized by the presence of a bacterium. But the presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine is a pathological process. Bacteriuria is diagnosed more often in pregnant women and the elderly. The course of the disease does not have pronounced symptoms. Treatment also consists in taking antibiotic therapy, but taking into account the resistance of the identified bacteria.

Prevention of diseases of the genitourinary system

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in adults depend on numerous factors: environment, lifestyle, the presence of pregnancy in women, inflammatory diseases in the body, treatment with manipulations in the genitourinary system, such as catheterization, as well as comorbid chronic diseases and diabetes mellitus. Such diseases require preventive measures, especially in the cold season, since inflammatory processes develop against the background of hypothermia.

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area are also the result of an incorrect water balance and a violation of the outflow of urine. Urinary retention is the cause of a urinary tract infection.

Infections also actively develop with improper hygiene. The transfer of pathogenic bacteria from the anus to the urethra is a common cause of urinary tract infections in women. Unprotected intercourse can also cause a urinary tract infection, especially in men.

Inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area are exposed to the prophylactic effect of substances contained in cranberries. Therefore, to prevent infection, it is possible to use dried cranberries, cranberry juice or fruit drinks. Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system and lower urinary tract infections tend to recur. For the prevention of relapse, timely treatment of urological and gynecological diseases is important.