What are the common causes of painful urination. How can dysuria be treated effectively. What lifestyle changes can help prevent urinary discomfort. When should you seek medical attention for urinary pain.

Understanding Dysuria: More Than Just a Burning Sensation

Dysuria, commonly known as painful urination, is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It’s characterized by discomfort, burning, or stinging sensations during urination. While often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs), dysuria can stem from various causes, ranging from simple irritation to more complex medical conditions.

The pain experienced during dysuria may originate in different parts of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, or perineum. In individuals with a penis, the perineum is the area between the scrotum and anus, while in those with a vagina, it’s the region between the anus and vaginal opening.

Common Culprits Behind Urinary Discomfort

Urinary discomfort can be attributed to several factors. Among the most prevalent causes are:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Prostatitis
• Cystitis
• Urethritis
• Kidney stones
• Certain medications

Understanding these causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Let’s delve deeper into each of these factors to gain a comprehensive understanding of dysuria.

Urinary Tract Infections: The Leading Cause of Dysuria

UTIs are the most common cause of painful urination. They occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply, leading to infection and inflammation. Why are UTIs more prevalent in individuals with a vagina? The primary reason is anatomical: the urethra is shorter in those with a vagina, providing bacteria with a quicker route to the bladder.

Certain groups are at higher risk of developing UTIs. These include:

• Pregnant individuals
• Menopausal individuals
• Those with a history of UTIs
• People with diabetes
• Individuals with urinary catheters

Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Hidden Culprit

STIs can also cause painful urination. Genital herpes, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are among the STIs that may lead to dysuria. It’s important to note that many STIs can be asymptomatic, making regular screening crucial for sexually active individuals.

Prostate Problems and Urinary Pain

In individuals with a prostate, prostatitis can be a significant cause of urinary discomfort. This condition involves inflammation of the prostate gland, often resulting in burning, stinging, and general discomfort during urination.

There are several types of prostatitis, including:

1. Acute bacterial prostatitis
2. Chronic bacterial prostatitis
3. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
4. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

Each type requires different treatment approaches, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis.

Cystitis: When the Bladder Becomes Inflamed

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the bladder lining. Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, is the most common form. Symptoms of IC extend beyond painful urination to include pain and tenderness in the bladder and pelvic region.

In some cases, radiation therapy can lead to a condition known as radiation cystitis. This underscores the importance of discussing potential side effects with healthcare providers when undergoing cancer treatments.

Urethritis: Inflammation of the Urethra

Urethritis occurs when the urethra becomes inflamed, typically due to a bacterial infection. Besides pain during urination, urethritis can also increase the urge to urinate frequently. This condition can affect both males and females and may be caused by STIs or other bacterial infections.

Beyond Infection: Other Medical Conditions Causing Dysuria

While infections are common causes of painful urination, several other medical conditions can lead to this symptom:

Epididymitis in Males

Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, a tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and transports sperm. This condition can cause pain during urination, as well as testicular swelling and discomfort.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in Females

PID is a serious infection that affects the female reproductive organs, including the fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, and uterus. It often starts with a bacterial infection in the vagina that spreads to these organs. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, painful intercourse, and dysuria.

Obstructive Uropathy and Urethral Stricture

Obstructive uropathy occurs when an obstruction in the urinary tract causes urine to flow back into the kidneys. Similarly, urethral stricture involves narrowing of the urethra, leading to difficulty and pain during urination. Both conditions require prompt medical attention to prevent complications.

Kidney Stones: A Painful Obstacle

Kidney stones can cause severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract. This pain often extends beyond urination, causing discomfort in the back, side, lower abdomen, and groin area. The size and location of the stone determine the severity of symptoms.

How do kidney stones form? They develop when there’s an imbalance in the levels of certain substances in urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Factors that increase the risk of kidney stones include:

• Dehydration
• Certain medical conditions (e.g., gout, inflammatory bowel disease)
• Family history of kidney stones
• High-sodium or high-protein diets
• Obesity

Medications and Dysuria: An Overlooked Connection

Certain medications can have painful urination as a side effect. These include some cancer treatments and certain antibiotics. It’s crucial to discuss any new symptoms with your healthcare provider, especially when starting a new medication.

Common medications that may cause urinary discomfort include:

• Chemotherapy drugs
• Some antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides)
• Certain pain relievers
• Some antidepressants

If you experience dysuria after starting a new medication, don’t stop taking it without consulting your doctor. They may adjust your dosage or switch you to an alternative treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Navigating the Path to Relief

Diagnosing the cause of painful urination typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Your healthcare provider may request:

• Urinalysis to check for infection or abnormalities
• Urine culture to identify specific bacteria
• STI screening
• Imaging tests (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan) if structural issues are suspected

Treatment for dysuria depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are typically prescribed. Other treatments may include:

• Pain relievers
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Antiviral drugs for herpes
• Alpha-blockers for prostate-related issues
• Lifestyle changes (e.g., increased hydration, avoiding irritants)

In some cases, more invasive treatments may be necessary, such as surgery for kidney stones or urethral strictures.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While occasional mild discomfort during urination may not be cause for immediate concern, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention. These include:

• Severe pain or burning during urination
• Blood in urine
• Fever or chills
• Lower back pain
• Discharge from the urethra
• Frequent urination with little output

These symptoms could indicate a serious infection or other condition requiring immediate treatment.

Prevention: Proactive Steps for Urinary Health

While not all causes of dysuria are preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

1. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria from your urinary system.
2. Practice good hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from spreading to the urethra.
3. Urinate after sexual activity: This helps flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
4. Avoid irritating products: Certain hygiene products, soaps, or spermicides can irritate the urethra.
5. Wear breathable underwear: Cotton underwear allows better air circulation, reducing moisture that can promote bacterial growth.
6. Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet can help prevent conditions like kidney stones.
7. Practice safe sex: Using protection during sexual activity can reduce the risk of STIs.

By incorporating these habits into your daily routine, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing conditions that lead to painful urination.

Living with Chronic Urinary Pain: Coping Strategies and Support

For some individuals, dysuria may be a chronic condition, particularly in cases of interstitial cystitis or recurrent UTIs. Living with chronic urinary pain can be challenging, but there are strategies to manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Dietary modifications: Avoiding trigger foods and beverages that exacerbate symptoms.
• Stress management: Techniques like meditation or yoga can help reduce stress-related flare-ups.
• Physical therapy: Pelvic floor exercises can help alleviate some types of urinary pain.
• Support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can provide emotional support and practical tips.
• Alternative therapies: Some people find relief through acupuncture or herbal supplements (always consult with a healthcare provider before trying alternative treatments).

Remember, chronic conditions require ongoing management and open communication with your healthcare team. Don’t hesitate to discuss new symptoms or concerns with your doctor.

The Role of Mental Health in Urinary Discomfort

The connection between mental health and physical symptoms, including urinary discomfort, is increasingly recognized. Stress, anxiety, and depression can exacerbate symptoms of conditions like interstitial cystitis. Moreover, living with chronic pain can take a toll on mental well-being.

If you’re struggling with the emotional impact of chronic urinary pain, consider seeking support from a mental health professional. They can provide coping strategies and, if necessary, treatments to address anxiety or depression related to your condition.

Emerging Research and Future Treatments

The field of urology is constantly evolving, with researchers exploring new treatments and diagnostic tools for urinary conditions. Some areas of ongoing research include:

• Gene therapy for recurrent UTIs
• Novel drug delivery systems for bladder conditions
• Microbiome-based treatments for urinary health
• Advanced imaging techniques for early detection of urological cancers
• Personalized medicine approaches for prostate conditions

While many of these developments are still in the experimental stages, they offer hope for improved treatments and outcomes in the future. Staying informed about advancements in urological care can empower you to make the best decisions for your health in consultation with your healthcare provider.

The Importance of Regular Check-ups

Regular urological check-ups are crucial, especially if you have a history of urinary issues or are at higher risk for conditions like prostate cancer. These check-ups can help detect problems early, when they’re most treatable. Don’t wait for severe symptoms to appear before seeking medical attention.

For those with a prostate, regular prostate exams are recommended starting at age 50, or earlier for those with risk factors. For individuals with a vagina, discussing urinary health should be part of routine gynecological visits.

Painful Urination (Dysuria): Causes, Treatments, and More

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Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
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Was this helpful?

You may experience painful urination due to infections, irritation from hygiene products, kidney stones, or other medical conditions, including inflammation of the urethra or prostate.

Painful urination (dysuria) is a broad term that describes discomfort during urination. This pain may originate in the bladder, urethra, or perineum. The urethra is the tube that carries urine outside of your body.

In those with a penis, the area between the scrotum and the anus is known as the perineum. In those with a vagina, the perineum is the area between the anus and the opening of the vagina.

Painful urination is very common. Pain, burning, or stinging can indicate a number of medical conditions.

Urinary tract infections

Painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI). A UTI can be the result of a bacterial infection. It can also be due to inflammation of the urinary tract.

The urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys make up your urinary tract. The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Inflammation in any of these organs can cause pain during urination.

People with a vagina are more likely to develop UTIs than people with a penis. This is because the urethra is shorter in those with a vagina. A shorter urethra means that bacteria have a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder.

People who are pregnant or menopausal also have an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

You may also experience pain when urinating if you have acquired a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Some STIs that may cause painful urination include genital herpes, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.

It’s important to be screened for STIs, especially because they don’t always have symptoms. Many people who are sexually active should get tested for STIs.

Prostatitis

Other medical conditions can cause painful urination. People with a prostate may experience painful urination due to prostatitis. This condition is the inflammation of the prostate gland. It’s a primary cause of urinary burning, stinging, and discomfort.

Cystitis

Another cause of painful urination is cystitis or the inflammation of the bladder’s lining. Interstitial cystitis (IC) is also known as painful bladder syndrome. It’s the most common type of cystitis. Symptoms of IC include pain and tenderness in the bladder and pelvic region.

In some cases, radiation therapy can cause bladder and urinary pain. This condition is known as radiation cystitis.

Urethritis

Urethritis indicates that the urethra has become inflamed, usually due to an infection by bacteria. Urethritis often causes pain while urinating and can also cause an increased urge to urinate.

Epididymitis

Painful urination can also be caused by epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis in those with a penis. The epididymis is located at the back of the testicles and stores and moves sperm from the testes.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

PID can affect the fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, and uterus. It can cause pain in the abdomen, painful sex, and painful urination, among other symptoms.

PID is a serious infection that is usually caused by an initial bacterial infection in the vagina that then moves into the reproductive organs.

Obstructive uropathy

Obstructive uropathy is when an obstruction in the ureter, bladder, or urethra causes urine to flow back into the kidneys. Causes vary, but it’s important to seek medical help when symptoms occur.

Another condition, urethral stricture, can cause narrowing in the urethra, causing similar issues with urination and pain.

Kidney stones

You may have difficulty urinating comfortably if you have kidney stones. Kidney stones are masses of hardened material located in the urinary tract.

Medications

Certain medications, such as those for cancer treatments and some antibiotics, can have painful urination as a side effect. Talk to your healthcare provider about any side effects to medications you may be taking.

Hygiene products

Sometimes painful urination isn’t due to an infection. It can also be caused by products that you use in the genital regions. Soaps, lotions, and bubble baths can irritate vaginal tissues especially.

Dyes in laundry detergents and other toiletry products can also cause irritation and lead to painful urination.

Determining the cause of the pain will be the first step before treatment.

Your doctor may prescribe medication to treat painful urination. Antibiotics can treat UTIs, some bacterial infections, and some STIs. Your doctor may also give you medication to calm your irritated bladder.

Painful urination due to a bacterial infection usually improves fairly quickly after you start taking medication. Always take the medication exactly as your doctor prescribes.

Pain associated with some infections, such as interstitial cystitis, may be more challenging to treat. Results from drug therapy may be slower. You may have to take medication for up to 4 months before you start to feel better.

There are changes you can make to your lifestyle to help relieve your symptoms.

• Steer clear of scented laundry detergents and toiletries to reduce your risk of irritation.
• Use condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity.
• Modify your diet to eliminate food and drinks that can irritate the bladder (such as highly acidic foods, caffeine, and alcohol).
• Stay well hydrated.

Contact your healthcare provider:

• if the pain is persistent or long-lasting
• if you’re pregnant
• the pain is accompanied by a fever
• if you experience discharge from your penis or vagina
• if your urine has a different odor, has blood in it, or is cloudy
• if the pain is accompanied by abdominal pain
• if you pass a bladder or kidney stone

Your doctor may ask about other symptoms and request lab work to help determine the cause of the pain.

Read this article in Spanish.

Painful Urination (Dysuria): Causes, Treatments, and More

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

You may experience painful urination due to infections, irritation from hygiene products, kidney stones, or other medical conditions, including inflammation of the urethra or prostate.

Painful urination (dysuria) is a broad term that describes discomfort during urination. This pain may originate in the bladder, urethra, or perineum. The urethra is the tube that carries urine outside of your body.

In those with a penis, the area between the scrotum and the anus is known as the perineum. In those with a vagina, the perineum is the area between the anus and the opening of the vagina.

Painful urination is very common. Pain, burning, or stinging can indicate a number of medical conditions.

Urinary tract infections

Painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI). A UTI can be the result of a bacterial infection. It can also be due to inflammation of the urinary tract.

The urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys make up your urinary tract. The ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Inflammation in any of these organs can cause pain during urination.

People with a vagina are more likely to develop UTIs than people with a penis. This is because the urethra is shorter in those with a vagina. A shorter urethra means that bacteria have a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder.

People who are pregnant or menopausal also have an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

You may also experience pain when urinating if you have acquired a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Some STIs that may cause painful urination include genital herpes, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.

It’s important to be screened for STIs, especially because they don’t always have symptoms. Many people who are sexually active should get tested for STIs.

Prostatitis

Other medical conditions can cause painful urination. People with a prostate may experience painful urination due to prostatitis. This condition is the inflammation of the prostate gland. It’s a primary cause of urinary burning, stinging, and discomfort.

Cystitis

Another cause of painful urination is cystitis or the inflammation of the bladder’s lining. Interstitial cystitis (IC) is also known as painful bladder syndrome. It’s the most common type of cystitis. Symptoms of IC include pain and tenderness in the bladder and pelvic region.

In some cases, radiation therapy can cause bladder and urinary pain. This condition is known as radiation cystitis.

Urethritis

Urethritis indicates that the urethra has become inflamed, usually due to an infection by bacteria. Urethritis often causes pain while urinating and can also cause an increased urge to urinate.

Epididymitis

Painful urination can also be caused by epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis in those with a penis. The epididymis is located at the back of the testicles and stores and moves sperm from the testes.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

PID can affect the fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, and uterus. It can cause pain in the abdomen, painful sex, and painful urination, among other symptoms.

PID is a serious infection that is usually caused by an initial bacterial infection in the vagina that then moves into the reproductive organs.

Obstructive uropathy

Obstructive uropathy is when an obstruction in the ureter, bladder, or urethra causes urine to flow back into the kidneys. Causes vary, but it’s important to seek medical help when symptoms occur.

Another condition, urethral stricture, can cause narrowing in the urethra, causing similar issues with urination and pain.

Kidney stones

You may have difficulty urinating comfortably if you have kidney stones. Kidney stones are masses of hardened material located in the urinary tract.

Medications

Certain medications, such as those for cancer treatments and some antibiotics, can have painful urination as a side effect. Talk to your healthcare provider about any side effects to medications you may be taking.

Hygiene products

Sometimes painful urination isn’t due to an infection. It can also be caused by products that you use in the genital regions. Soaps, lotions, and bubble baths can irritate vaginal tissues especially.

Dyes in laundry detergents and other toiletry products can also cause irritation and lead to painful urination.

Determining the cause of the pain will be the first step before treatment.

Your doctor may prescribe medication to treat painful urination. Antibiotics can treat UTIs, some bacterial infections, and some STIs. Your doctor may also give you medication to calm your irritated bladder.

Painful urination due to a bacterial infection usually improves fairly quickly after you start taking medication. Always take the medication exactly as your doctor prescribes.

Pain associated with some infections, such as interstitial cystitis, may be more challenging to treat. Results from drug therapy may be slower. You may have to take medication for up to 4 months before you start to feel better.

There are changes you can make to your lifestyle to help relieve your symptoms.

• Steer clear of scented laundry detergents and toiletries to reduce your risk of irritation.
• Use condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity.
• Modify your diet to eliminate food and drinks that can irritate the bladder (such as highly acidic foods, caffeine, and alcohol).
• Stay well hydrated.

Contact your healthcare provider:

• if the pain is persistent or long-lasting
• if you’re pregnant
• the pain is accompanied by a fever
• if you experience discharge from your penis or vagina
• if your urine has a different odor, has blood in it, or is cloudy
• if the pain is accompanied by abdominal pain
• if you pass a bladder or kidney stone

Your doctor may ask about other symptoms and request lab work to help determine the cause of the pain.

Read this article in Spanish.

Pain during urination – causes of occurrence, in what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment

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Pain during urination – the causes of occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Pain during urination is a symptom of a number of diseases and should be the reason for a thorough examination.

Types of pain

In most cases, pain is caused by diseases of the genitourinary system: infections, urolithiasis, inflammatory and tumor processes. Depending on the cause of the pain, its character can be sharp (piercing), cutting, pulling (aching). Pain may occur before the onset of urination, at the time of the appearance of the first portion of urine, or at the end of urination. In some diseases, pain during urination may radiate to other areas (lower back, perineum, lower abdomen).

Possible causes

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the most common causes of painful urination.

Urogenital chlamydia is an infectious disease caused by chlamydia. In men, chlamydia occurs in the form of urethritis. Sometimes the disease does not give obvious symptoms, but often there is itching in the urethra, moderate discharge and minor cramps when urinating. Chlamydia can be accompanied by other STIs (most often gonorrhea).

Chlamydial infection can cause the development of prostatitis, and then the symptoms characteristic of urethritis are combined with pain in the perineum, sacrum and rectum and are aggravated by prolonged sitting.

Violation of the functions of the genitourinary apparatus is accompanied by frequent and painful urge to urinate, partial urinary retention and sexual dysfunction.

In women, urogenital chlamydia is more often asymptomatic, only in the acute form pain, burning and increased urge to urinate (urethrocystitis) are noted.

Gonorrheal urethritis is accompanied by more severe symptoms. In women, abundant discharge appears, urination is accompanied by burning and itching in the vagina. If left untreated, gonococci spread through the genitourinary tract and reach the fallopian tubes, causing lower abdominal pain, fever, frequent painful urination, and menstrual irregularities. The first sign of gonorrhea in men is itching and burning sensation in the area of ​​the external opening of the urethra. Scanty greyish sticky discharge comes out of the urethra. Urination is painful, accompanied by a burning sensation throughout the urethra.

Trichomoniasis is a group of STIs that cause pain when urinating. The causative agents of the disease – Trichomonas – live in men in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, and in women – in the vagina. In women with trichomoniasis, the vagina (colpitis), cervix (cervicitis) become inflamed

and paraurethral glands. In men, the urethra (urethritis) and the prostate gland (prostatitis).

Other infections of the urogenital tract in women include fungal diseases (candidiasis, or thrush). Opportunistic microorganisms also multiply in the vagina, causing pain during urination and during intercourse.

In women, severe pain when urinating occurs when the bladder becomes inflamed (cystitis). The cause of infectious cystitis can be Escherichia coli, less often – staphylococci.

The short and wide urethra facilitates the easy penetration of infection from the vagina and periurethral region into the bladder.

E. coli enters the bladder through the urethra and attaches to its epithelium with the help of villi. The disease develops very quickly and is accompanied by pulling pains in the lower abdomen and an increase in the frequency of urination day and night. Emptying the bladder is accompanied by pain and spasms, especially at the end of urination. Characterized by false urge to urinate, which become debilitating. In acute cystitis, blood may appear in the urine.

If in women the most common cause of pain during urination is cystitis, in men this symptom appears with inflammation of the prostate gland – prostatitis. The disease can occur as a result of the herpes simplex virus, gonococci, Trichomonas or fungi entering the body.

However, when the process is chronic, the causative agent of the disease is often not detected.

Pain in prostatitis, as a rule, is given to the sacrum, perineum, especially to the scrotum. Their intensity can vary from barely noticeable aching pains to pronounced ones. Pain may increase with defecation, ejaculation and urination after intercourse. Accompanying symptoms in this case are frequent urge to urinate, especially at night, difficulty urinating, increasing pain with prolonged sitting.

Non-infectious causes of pain during urination include urolithiasis. In the presence of stones in the bladder, pain occurs in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the perineum, genitals. It can be aggravated by movement and urination. During the discharge of urine, interruption of urination is possible if the bladder is not completely emptied. A fragment of the stone, passing through the urethra, injures the walls of the urethra, which is accompanied by piercing pain and the appearance of blood in the urine.

Possible causes of pain during urination include neoplasms of the bladder, prostate, and urethra (polyps). When the tumor is located at the bottom of the bladder, it can partially block the urethra, causing pain and difficulty passing urine. A similar situation occurs with tumors of the prostate. In case of bladder cancer, pain can not only accompany the passage of urine, but also be of a permanent nature with localization in the suprapubic region and irradiation (recoil) to the perineum, sacrum, and lumbar region.

Diagnostics and examinations

Any pain that occurs during urination or is localized in the genital area requires a visit to a doctor.

Primary information about the cause of the disease can be obtained by passing a general clinical analysis of urine.

General urinalysis (Urine analysis with sediment microscopy)

Method of determination

Determination of physical and chemical parameters is carried out on an automatic analyzer using the “dry chemistry” method.

Hardware microscope…

Up to 1 business day

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The presence of leukocytes in the urine indicates inflammatory and infectious processes, erythrocytes indicate tumors, stones or inflammation of the urinary tract. Normally, urine is sterile, so the visualization of bacterial cells during microscopic examination may indicate the infectious nature of the disease. Identification of the pathogen in smears of the discharge of the urethra or cervical canal

Cytological examination of scrapings of the cervix and cervical canal (Papanicolaou stain, Pap test)

The Papanicolaou stain method is a specially developed method that allows the detection of early precancerous diseases of the cervix with the highest degree of reliability…

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and

Cytological examination of scrapings of the cervix and cervical canal

The vaginal part of the cervix – ectocervix is ​​lined with stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. In women of reproductive age, it is constantly rebuilt …

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RUB 1,145

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as well as growth of bacterial culture on nutrient media will help confirm the diagnosis. To clearly determine the localization of the infection of the lower urinary tract in men, it is necessary to analyze not only urine, but also prostate secretion. Difficulties can cause the diagnosis of chlamydial infection. To detect chlamydia, a direct immunofluorescence method using monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used.

You can diagnose urolithiasis by examining the urine sediment and examining the structure of the stone. Link to list of studies. Tumor formations are detected using ultrasound, cystoscopy and urography. If a tumor is found, a biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis. In bladder cancer, the diagnosis is clarified by cytological examination of fresh urine sediment.

Which doctors should I contact?

If you experience pain or discomfort during urination, you should immediately contact your general practitioner, urologist or venereologist. Only after a thorough history taking, palpation examination, and taking into account the results of a general urine test, the therapist or urologist, if necessary, can refer the patient to an oncologist.

What should I do if I have pain when urinating?

Personal hygiene is essential for the prevention of urinary tract infections. For any symptoms, sexual intercourse should be excluded for the duration of treatment, hypothermia and serious physical exertion should be avoided.

Treatment

Antibiotic treatment of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system should be carried out taking into account the type and resistance of microorganisms. The duration of treatment should be at least 72 hours. With urethritis, antibiotic therapy should be supplemented with nonspecific immunotherapy.

Treatment of cystitis is successful only with an integrated approach.

In addition to antibiotics, uroselective anticholinergics that reduce urination, and the use of herbal diuretics and antiseptics can be recommended.

In case of urolithiasis, the tactics of treatment is determined by the localization and size of the stone. As a rule, the removal of stones is carried out surgically. The exception is stones formed by uric acid derivatives, which undergo dissolution. One of the main components of treatment is diet. Tumor formations require surgical intervention.

Sources:

1. Clinical guidelines “Chlamydial infection”. Developed by: Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists, Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. – 2021.
2. Clinical guidelines “Cystitis in women”. Developed by: Russian Society of Urology. – 2021.
3. Clinical guidelines “Urolithiasis”. Developed by: Russian Society of Urology. – 2020.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes over time, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Treatment of painful urination in women at home, symptoms

What can cause problems with urination

Urination is an arbitrary process that is controlled by the central nervous system. Therefore, this process occurs only at the will of man. Normally, urination should be painless, easy and free, after which there should be a feeling of complete emptying of the bladder. The slightest changes in this process in the form of discomfort when going to the toilet or the presence of blood impurities should be alarming. This may indicate serious violations of the functions of the urinary system.

The genitourinary system of women differs from that of men in the structure of the urethra. Infection of the body of women through the urethra occurs many times faster than in men. That is why at the slightest symptom of discomfort, you should consult a doctor.

Uncomfortable urination can occur at any age and hide any cause.

1. Physiological reasons. Pregnancy in which the baby may involuntarily contract the bladder, which may cause discomfort to the mother. Alcohol abuse, menopause in women.
2. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Such diseases include vaginitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis.
3. Prolapse of the genitals.
4. Benign and/or malignant neoplasms.
5. Urolithiasis disease.
6. Diseases of the central nervous system .
7. Certain medications , which have a diuretic effect or vice versa, which delay the discharge.
8. Allergic reactions .
9. Non-observance of personal hygiene.

Features of pain syndrome in women during urination

Pain during urination can be different. For example, if it occurs at the very beginning of urination, it is usually associated with a burning sensation. In this case, it is worth suspecting urethritis. If urination is painful throughout the process, then one might think that the woman has a combination of inflammation of the urethra, kidneys and bladder. The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria), especially together with back pain, is a sign of urolithiasis. Also, hematuria in combination with painful urination may indicate the presence of a benign or malignant tumor in the urinary tract. The combination of burning and pain in the vagina speaks of vulvitis or vaginitis. Also, with a hormonal imbalance in a woman’s body, atrophic changes in the mucous membranes may occur.

Which doctors to contact for painful urination

Painful urination in women is a serious reason for examination. If you notice discomfort, pain, bleeding during urination, burning sensation, you should immediately contact the following specialists:

• Gynecologist. A gynecological examination is necessary even if the cause of painful urination is known. It is important to clarify the condition of the female genital organs.
• Urologist. If you think you have a kidney stone, then you should see a urologist.
• Venereologist. Often such sensations appear after sexual intercourse, if you notice a connection between intimacy and the appearance of, for example, burning, you should contact a venereologist.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnostic measures are strictly prescribed by a doctor after a clinical examination of a woman, complaints, auscultation, palpation and percussion.

One of the striking methods for diagnosing pyelonephritis or urolithiasis is Pasternatsky’s Symptom (pain when tapping a place on the back in the projection of the kidneys).

Laboratory diagnostic methods include general urinalysis (required to confirm or exclude inflammation of the urinary tract and the presence or absence of blood), a two-glass test (determines the localization of inflammation), urinalysis according to Nechiporenko (required to determine the cellular composition in 1 ml of urine), bacterial culture of urine (to determine the causative agents of the disease and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs), microscopic examination of smears from the urethra, cervix and vagina, PCR study some types of pathogens, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs (confirm or exclude kidney stones, signs of cystitis, pathology of the genital organs), x-ray methods of research (survey radiography and excretory urography with the introduction of a radiopaque substance are more often used).

Diseases characteristic of this symptom

When complaining of discomfort during urination, the following diseases should be suspected:

Treatment in “Correct Treatment”

The amount of therapeutic measures will depend on the cause of the disease, its course and the desire of the patient to get better. Most often resort to a conservative method of treatment, but surgical treatment is not excluded in some cases.

Conservative treatment includes:

• Drug treatment (use of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic drugs, as well as antispasmodics and uroseptics). Antibacterial drugs should be selected based on the sensitivity of microorganisms.