Uses of barium sulfate: Barium Sulfate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Barium sulfate: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action
- Summary
Barium sulfate is a contrast agent used for CT scans of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Brand Names
E-Z-HD, E-Z-Paque, Readi-cat 2
- Generic Name
- Barium sulfate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11150
- Background
Barium sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4 3.
Barium sulfate occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield 3.
This drug is used as a contrast agent in diagnostic x-ray procedures. Therapeutic advantages of barium sulfate in diagnostic procedures include both its low water solubility and high level of clearance from the body Label.
Barium sulfate is ingested by mouth or administered rectally and combined with granules of effervescent bicarbonate to enhance distension of the GI tract, allowing for enhanced gastrointestinal tract visualization 3, 5.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 233.39
Monoisotopic: 233.856970451 - Chemical Formula
- BaO4S
- Synonyms
- Bario sulfato
- Barium sulfate
- External IDs
- CI 77120
- Indication
Barium sulfate is a radiographic contrast agent indicated for use in computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen to delineate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in adult and pediatric patients Label.
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- Associated Conditions
- Radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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- Pharmacodynamics
Barium sulfate increases the absorption of x-rays as they are passed throughout the body, delineating body structures, in which barium sulfate is localized. This allows for the clear visualization of normal organs/defect in normal anatomy 5.
- Mechanism of action
Barium sulfate is a heavy metal with a high atomic number (Z=56) and a K shell binding energy (K-edge of 37.4 keV) very close to that of most diagnostic x-ray beams. Due to these characteristics, barium is an ideal medium for the absorption of x-rays Label.
Barium sulfate is essentially not absorbed from the GI tract nor metabolized in the body. Barium sulfate is used to fill the gastrointestinal tract lumen or to coat the mucosal surface and is administered orally, rectally, or instilled into an enterostomy tube or catheter Label, 5.
Barium sulfate enhances delineation of the GI tract. The barium suspension covers the mucosal surface of the GI tract, allowing its shape, distensibility, motion, integrity, continuity, location within the torso, relationship to other organs to be closely examined 5. Various abnormalities, such as benign or malignant tumors, ulcers, strictures, diverticula, inflammation or infection, altered motility, displacement and other pathology can thereby be identified Label, 5.
At lower concentrations (higher dilution), barium enhances the conspicuity of the GI tract to differentiate the GI tract from various abdominal organs in computed tomography examinations (CT scans) of the abdomen. Improved delineation of the gastrointestinal tract lumen and mucosa may be reached by contrast provided by gas (by the addition of bicarbonate or gas-filled balloons) in addition to the barium 5. This is known as a double-contrast procedure. Osmotically active agents (for example, sorbitol) are also used to induce fluid accumulation and distension of the GI system to enhance visualization 5.
- Absorption
Barium sulfate is not absorbed following oral or rectal administration with a normal gastrointestinal tract. In patients with a normal GI tract, barium sulfate is normally excreted within 24 hr after oral ingestion. Post rectal administration of barium sulfate suspensions, the drug is generally excreted when the enema is released. Some barium may remain in the colon for several weeks, however, and eventually clears, especially in patients with impaired intestinal peristalsis 3. It is difficult to quantify the uptake of ingested barium because of a number of factors affect its absorption. The presence of sulfate in food can cause the precipitation of barium sulfate 3.
The following is the approximate time to peak opacification of organs by barium sulfate in a healthy GI tract:
Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum uptake of barium sulfate occurs almost immediately after oral administration 4.
Small intestine uptake is dependent on gastric emptying rate and viscosity of the preparation; it may be delayed 15-90 minutes post ingestion 4.
Small intestine (enteroclysis studies) uptake is immediate, following direct instillation 4.
Colon and distal small intestine uptake are dependent on patient positioning. Hydrostatic pressure also determines the rate and degree of opacification 4.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Barium sulfate is poorly water soluble and shows negligible levels of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract following both oral or rectal administration. In healthy subjects, orally administered barium sulfate is generally excreted within 24 hours. Rectally administered barium sulfate is eliminated with clearance of the enema 5.
- Route of elimination
Barium sulfate is excreted unchanged in the feces 3.
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
The rate of excretion of barium sulfate is dependent on the route of administration and the status of peristaltic activity and motility of the gastrointestinal tract 5.
- Adverse Effects
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- Toxicity
Acute Exposure
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping may occur Label. Acute exposure to barium sulfate may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Exposure to inhalation or other forms can affect the nervous system and lead to hypokalemia, which can contribute to cardiovascular rhythm abnormality 3. Hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal transit delay, obstruction, aspiration pneumonitis and systemic embolization of barium sulfate are more serious complications of administration Label. In addition, fatalities have occurred due to aspiration pneumonitis, barium sulfate impaction, intestinal perforation with subsequent peritonitis and granuloma formation, and vasovagal and syncopal episodes Label, 2.
*Chronic Exposure *
The lungs may be affected by repeated or prolonged exposure to dust particles, resulting in baritosis (a type of benign pneumoconiosis) 3. Inhalation of barium sulfate dust may lead to a benign pneumoconiosis (“baritosis”) with conspicuous radiographic characteristics but no signs of impairment of pulmonary function 3.
Intra-abdominal leakage
Intra-abdominal leakage may occur during or after administration of barium sulfate Label,5. Caution is advised in patients with a history of food aspiration and in patients with diagnosed swallowing disorders Label.
** A note on GI perforation**
Perforation of the colon after rectal administration of barium sulfate suspension has been reported due to the increased hydrostatic pressure of the instilled suspension, trauma to the colon from an enema tip, or forceful or deep insertion of a non-flexible enema tip. Perforation of the bowel has been followed by peritonitis, adhesions, granulomas, and death 4.
This is a rare occurrence. Injury to the rectal mucosa or anal canal due to the enema tip or retention balloon is likely the most common traumatic cause of perforation during treatment. Inflation of a balloon within a stricture, neoplasm, inflamed rectum, or stoma is hazardous, and caution should be exerted 1.Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity
No animal studies have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenicity of barium sulfate or potential effects on reproduction Label. Elective contrast radiography of the abdomen is not routintely recommended during pregnancy because of the risks to the fetus from radiation exposure 4.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
This is a rare occurrence. Injury to the rectal mucosa or anal canal due to the enema tip or retention balloon is likely the most common traumatic cause of perforation during treatment. Inflation of a balloon within a stricture, neoplasm, inflamed rectum, or stoma is hazardous, and caution should be exerted 1.- Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately.
The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
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- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Barium unknown 24GP945V5T 7440-39-3 DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anatrast Paste 560 mg/1g Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Anatrast Pst 55% Paste 55 % Rectal Tyco Healthcare 1988-12-31 2010-01-07 Canada Baricon For suspension . 98 g/1gOral Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-04-30 US Baricon for Suspension Powder, for suspension 98 % Oral Tyco Healthcare 1988-12-31 2010-01-07 Canada Baro Bag Enema 98% Enema 98 % Rectal Tyco Healthcare 1984-12-31 2010-01-07 Canada Baro-cat Suspension 15 mg/1mL Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-03-31 US Barobag Enema Kit Powder, for suspension .97 g/1g Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Barobag Enema Kit Powder, for suspension .97 g/1g Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Barocat Susp 1.5% Suspension 1. 5 %Oral; Rectal Tyco Healthcare 1988-12-31 2010-01-07 Canada Barosperse Powder, for suspension .95 g/1g Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-11-30 US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BARYTGEN DE LUXE POWDER Powder 97.98 g/100g Oral EISAI (SINGAPORE) PTE. LTD. 1991-05-24 Not applicable Singapore Polibar Rapid 57% (p/p) Suspension 57 % Rectal Therapex Division De E Z Em Canada Inc 1989-12-31 2009-08-04 Canada - Mixture Products
json?group=mixtures” data-total=”2″>Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image E-Z HD SULFATODE BARIO PARA SUSPENSION Barium sulfate (88.6272 g) + Barium sulfate (9.8258 g) Powder, for suspension Oral AJOVECO S.A.S. 2007-06-07 Not applicable Colombia E-Z HD SULFATODE BARIO PARA SUSPENSION Barium sulfate (88.6272 g) + Barium sulfate (9.8258 g) Powder, for suspension Oral AJOVECO S.A.S. 2007-06-07 Not applicable Colombia - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anatrast Barium sulfate (560 mg/1g) Paste Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Baricon Barium sulfate (. 98 g/1g)For suspension Oral Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-04-30 US Baro-cat Barium sulfate (15 mg/1mL) Suspension Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-03-31 US Barobag Enema Kit Barium sulfate (.97 g/1g) Powder, for suspension Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Barobag Enema Kit Barium sulfate (.97 g/1g) Powder, for suspension Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-06-01 2011-10-31 US Barosperse Barium sulfate (.95 g/1g) Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-11-30 US Barosperse Barium sulfate (.95 g/1g) Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-11-30 US Cheetah Barium sulfate (22 mg/1mL) Suspension Oral; Rectal Mallinckrodt 2009-12-01 2011-11-30 US E-Z-Cat Dry Barium sulfate (9. 5 g/23g)Powder, for suspension Oral E-Z-EM Canada Inc 1996-01-01 2019-06-01 US E-Z-Disk Barium sulfate (700 mg/1) Tablet Oral E-Z-EM, INC. 2009-02-01 Not applicable US
98 g/1g
5 %
98 g/1g)
5 g/23g)- ATC Codes
- V08BA01 — Barium sulfate with suspending agents
- V08BA — Barium sulfate containing X-ray contrast media
- V08B — X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA, NON-IODINATED
- V08 — CONTRAST MEDIA
- V — VARIOUS
V08BA02 — Barium sulfate without suspending agents
- V08BA — Barium sulfate containing X-ray contrast media
- V08B — X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA, NON-IODINATED
- V08 — CONTRAST MEDIA
- V — VARIOUS
- Drug Categories
- Barium Compounds
- Barium Sulfate Containing X-Ray Contrast Media
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Contrast Media
- Diagnostic Uses of Chemicals
- Radiographic Contrast Agent
- Sulfates
- Sulfur Acids
- Sulfur Compounds
- Sulfuric Acids
- X-Ray Contrast Activity
- X-Ray Contrast Media, Non-Iodinated
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkaline earth metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkaline earth metal.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
- Class
- Alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds
- Sub Class
- Alkaline earth metal sulfates
- Direct Parent
- Alkaline earth metal sulfates
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic salts / Inorganic oxides
- Substituents
- Alkaline earth metal sulfate / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Humans
These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkaline earth metal.- UNII
- 25BB7EKE2E
- CAS number
- 7727-43-7
- InChI Key
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- InChI
InChI=1S/Ba.h3O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(h3,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
- IUPAC Name
barium(2+) sulfate
- SMILES
[Ba++].
[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O- General References
- Williams SM, Harned RK: Recognition and prevention of barium enema complications. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1991 Jul-Aug;20(4):123-51. [Article]
- Hoevels J, Thermann M: [Barium sulfate and water-soluble contrast medium–a suitable mixture for contrast radiography in acute small bowel obstruction]. Zentralbl Chir. 2003 Jun;128(6):500-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-40624. [Article]
- Barium Sulfate PubChem [Link]
- Barium Sulfate, Drugs.com [Link]
- NDA, Barium Sulfate [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: E-Z-CAT DRY (barium sulfate) for oral suspension [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 24414
- PubChem Substance
- 347827920
- ChemSpider
- 22823
- RxNav
- 1331
- ChEBI
- 133326
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL2105897
- Wikipedia
- Barium_sulfate
- FDA label
Download (125 KB)
- MSDS
Download (47.
2 KB)
2 KB)- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Diagnostic Patients With Potential Colorectal Neoplasia 1 Not Available Completed Not Available Aging / Deglutition / Healthy Swallowing 1 Not Available Completed Not Available Known or Suspected Abdominal Disease 1
- Manufacturers
Not Available
- Packagers
Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Powder, for suspension Rectal 96.4788 g Paste Rectal 560 mg/1g Paste Rectal 55 % Powder, for suspension Oral 98 % Powder, for solution Oral 10 g Suspension Oral 2 g Powder, for suspension Rectal 97. 4 gPowder, for suspension Oral 98 g Powder Rectal 97.4 g Enema Rectal 98 % Suspension Oral; Rectal 15 mg/1mL Powder, for suspension Rectal .97 g/1g Suspension Oral; Rectal 1.5 % Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal .95 g/1g Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 97 g Enema Rectal 95 % Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal 95 % Suspension 150 g/240ml Powder Oral 97.98 g/100g Suspension Oral; Rectal 2.2 % Suspension Oral; Rectal 22 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 4.9224 g Powder, for suspension Oral Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal 96. 3096 gPowder, for suspension Oral 400 mg/1g Powder, for suspension Oral 9.5 g/23g Tablet Oral 700 mg/1 Suspension Rectal 1.05 g/1mL Powder, for suspension Oral 980 mg/1g Powder, for suspension Oral 960 mg/1g Suspension Oral 0.6 g/1mL Powder, for solution Rectal 95 % Powder, for solution Oral; Rectal 95 % Cream Oral .6 g/1g Suspension 11.025 g Powder 340 g Powder, for solution Oral 82 % Suspension Oral 240 mg/1mL Powder, for suspension Oral 81 g Powder Oral 81 % Suspension Oral 500 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 50 % Suspension Oral 13 % Suspension Oral 130 mg/1mL Cream Oral 60 g / 100 g Paste Rectal 45 % Suspension Rectal 1000 mg/1mL Suspension Rectal 100 % For suspension Oral . 98 g/1gFor suspension Oral; Rectal .85 g/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 51 % Suspension Oral 98 % Paste Oral 440 mg/1g Paste Oral 44 % Suspension 400 g Suspension 5000 g Suspension Oral 2100 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 210 % Suspension Oral; Rectal 600 mg/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 60 % Suspension Oral; Rectal 1.05 g/1mL Liquid Oral 210 g / 100 mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 1000 mg/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 56 % Suspension Powder Suspension Oral; Rectal 1 g/ml Suspension Oral Powder, for suspension Rectal 965 mg/1g Suspension Rectal 57 % Powder 397 gr Suspension Oral; Rectal 150 mg/1mL Liquid Oral; Rectal 1. 5 %Powder, for suspension Rectal Powder, for suspension Rectal 383.02 g Powder, for suspension Oral 98.45 G Powder, for suspension Oral Suspension 1 g/ml Suspension 960 ml Suspension 240 ml Suspension 240 g/240ml Suspension 150 ml Suspension Oral 13 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 20 mg/1mL Suspension Oral 21 mg/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 21 mg/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 11.07 g/225ml Suspension Oral 400 mg/1mL Suspension Oral; Rectal 5 % Suspension Oral; Rectal 50 mg/1mL For suspension Oral; Rectal . 95 g/1gPowder Oral; Rectal 95 % Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal 98 g/100g Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal 96 g/100g Paste Oral 400 mg/1mL Powder, for suspension Oral .81 g/1g Powder, for suspension Rectal 960 mg/1g Powder, for suspension Oral; Rectal 980 mg/1g Suspension Oral 1 mg/1mL Powder, for suspension Oral 6 g/20ml - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
4 g
3096 g
98 g/1g
5 %
95 g/1g- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 1580 MSDS boiling point (°C) decomposes MSDS water solubility Very slightly soluble in cold water MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP -0. 84Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 80.26 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 11.53 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 5.81 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber’s Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
84- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum – GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
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Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:52
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Barium Sulfate – Properties, Uses, Side Effects and Formula
It is an inorganic compound with the chemical name Barium Sulfate.
Barium Sulfate is made up of two components: a barium cation and the sulfate anion. The sulfur is attached to four oxygen atoms. BaSO4 is a sulfate salt of barium and it can be found in the form of mineral barite. It is a crystalline solid white which is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in concentrated acids. It is odourless.
Barium Sulfate is an alkaline, divalent metal. It is non-toxic and is safe for medical use. It is widely used in the production of oil and natural gas to get high-density drilling fluids by keeping the boreholes free of rock.
Chemistry is a subject that requires a deep understanding from the students for each of the topics. And hence even though you have gone through the topic of Barium Sulfate – BaSO4 in good fashion during your initial studies, you also have to go through the same later, especially during the period of your revision. Now, if during that time you find an explanation of the Barium Sulfate – BaSO4 which is difficult to understand, then it is not going to be useful to you at all.
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Properties of Barium Sulphate
Barium Sulphate Formula | BaSO4 |
Molecular Mass of Barium Sulphate | 233. |
Density | 4.5g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 1580 oC |
Soluble in | 1600 oC |
Classification | Sulphate |
38g/molPhysical Properties
Pure barium sulfate is found as a white, odorless powder or small crystals with a density of 4.49 g/mL, a melting point of 1580 °C and a boiling point of 1600 °C.
Chemical Properties
Barium sulfate is said to have extremely poor solubility in the universal solvent water. It is also insoluble in alcohols, and soluble in concentrated acids. It reacts violently with aluminum powder. Barium sulfate has numerous medical and radio imaging uses due to its water insolubility and radio-opaque properties.
Barium Sulphate Uses
Barium sulfate is a contrast agent.
Barium sulfate starts functioning by coating the inside of your oesophagus, stomach, or intestines which allows them to be seen more clearly on a CT scan or other radiologic (x-ray) examination.Barium sulfate is taken into use to help diagnose certain disorders of the oesophagus, stomach, or intestines.
Barium sulfate may also be used for some other factors not listed in this medication guide. Drilling fluids
About 80% of the world’s barium sulfate production, mostly purified mineral, is consumed as a component of oil well drilling fluid. It increases the density of the fluid, increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the well and reducing the chance of a blowout.
Radiocontrast agent
Barium sulfate starts functioning by coating the inside of your oesophagus, stomach, or intestines which allows them to be seen more clearly on a CT scan or other radiologic (x-ray) examination.
Barium Sulfate Suspension
Barium sulfate in suspension is now and again utilized medicinally as a radiocontrast specialist for X-ray imaging and other indicative strategies.
It is regularly utilized in imaging of the GI tract during what is casually known as a “barium meal”. It is managed orally, or by bowel purge, as a suspension of fine particles in a thick milk-like arrangement (frequently with sweetening and seasoning agents added). Although barium is a heavy metal, and its water-solvent mixes are usually poisonous, the low dissolvability of barium sulfate shields the patient from engrossing destructive measures of the metal. Barium sulfate is likewise promptly expelled from the body, dissimilar to Thorotrast, which it replaced. Because of the high nuclear number (Z = 56) of barium, its compounds ingest X-rays more unequivocally than compounds derived from lighter nuclei.
Shade
Most manufactured barium sulfate is utilized as a part of white colour for paints. In oil paint, barium sulfate is practically transparent, and is utilized as a filler or to alter the consistency. One significant producer of artists’ oil paint sells “perpetual white” that contains a blend of titanium white shade (TiO2) and barium sulfate.
The blend of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide (ZnS) is the inorganic pigment called lithopone. In photography, it is utilized as a covering for certain photographic papers.
Barium Sulfate Side Effects
You should go for emergency medical assistance if you have indications of a hypersensitive response: hives; troublesome breathing; expanding of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
severe stomach pain;
severe cramping, diarrhoea, or constipation;
ringing in your ears;
sweating, confusion, fast heart rate; or
pale skin, blue-coloured skin, weakness.
mild stomach cramps
nausea, vomiting; or
loose stools or mild constipation.
Barium Sulfate Formula
Barium sulfate is a significant inorganic chemical with several applications, including medical uses.
Structure and Formula of barium sulfate: The chemical formula of barium sulfate is BaSO4 and its molar mass is 233.43 g/mol. It is a salt made up of the barium cation (Ba2+) and the sulfate anion (SO42–), in which sulfur is joined to four oxygen atoms. The barium metal is present in the +2–oxidation state. The chemical structure of barium sulfate is shown as below:
Occurrence: Barium sulfate occurs naturally as the mineral barite, which is widely found and can be considered as the major source of barium and other barium compounds.
Did you know?
Barium Sulphate is insoluble in water. If under certain conditions it was made to dissolve in the water the solution will be very toxic.
Barium Sulphate is commonly used to perform X-rays of the stomach and intestines.
It is also used extensively in paints and the making of glasses.
Did you know what gives your fireworks green colour? It is the presence of Barium Nitrate that gives it a flashy green colour upon burst.
Advantages of having the Explanation of Barium Sulfate – BaSO
4 from Vedantu.
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Also, if you wish to learn about the formula of the Barium Sulphate then you may like to follow this link.
Barium Sulfate Features, Applications and Safe Use – Overview by Prime Chemicals Group
Barium Sulfate is a substance that occurs naturally as the mineral barite with the formula BaSO4. A natural mineral can be either transparent or white, or colored due to the presence of impurities. The reagent used in industry is a finely dispersed powder of white or with a slight yellowish tint. The purer the substance, the whiter it is.
Barium sulfate is very inert, insoluble in water and solvents. Neutral to alkalis and most acids, fireproof, non-toxic. To cause thermal decomposition, it must be heated to t +1600 °C. Interacts with concentrated sulfuric acid h3SO4, hydrobromic HBr and hydroiodic HI acids, chloride water, carbon, hydrogen, sodium hydroxide NaOH.
Obtaining
Barium sulfate is produced by processing and purification of natural raw materials – barite (heavy spar).
In addition, there are laboratory methods:
• exchange reaction of soluble salts of barium and sulfuric acid;
• exchange reaction between ZnSO4 sulfate and BaS sulfide;
• reaction of barium oxide BaO or peroxide BaO2 with sulfuric acid;
• the effect of hydroxide Ba(OH)2 on sulfuric acid, its salt or sulfur oxide SO3.
Application
Barium sulfate is used in many applications due to its low cost and non-toxicity. Demanded in laboratory analytics, industry, everyday life.
• In medicine, a contrast agent for gastrointestinal fluoroscopy.
• Added to the plaster of x-ray rooms to absorb x-rays.
• In gravimetric analysis for the identification of barium ions and sulfate ions.
• White pigment and filler in the paint and varnish industry, in the production of plastics, adhesives, paper, linoleum, etc.
• Included in oil drilling fluids, glass etching pastes, refractories, pyrotechnic mixtures.
• Used to coat molds in metallurgical plants.
• In electrical engineering for the manufacture of lead-acid batteries.
• In the chemical industry – raw materials for the production of barium-containing compounds.
Safety Precautions
As a chemical, barium sulfate is non-toxic and non-flammable. It is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, therefore it is not absorbed by the human body, it does not have a toxic effect on it. However, its fine dust is irritating to the respiratory tract and mucous membranes and must be protected during handling. GOST requires that work with the reagent be carried out in rooms equipped with a forced ventilation system, and workers should use protective equipment: masks and dust goggles.
Storage conditions
Store barium sulfate in dry warehouses in plastic bags, barrels, flasks, glass vessels. If the reagent is packaged hermetically, then storage in open areas is allowed.
How to purchase from PrimeChemicalsGroup
High purity barium sulfate is available from PrimeChemicalsGroup.
To do this, just place an order on the pcgroup.ru website, on the product page, or call one of the phones listed at the top of the page. We also answer questions and place orders via e-mail [email protected] or instant messengers WhatsApp and Telegram: +7(929) 635 82 73. Organized delivery to all regions of Russia.
Barium sulfate for fluoroscopy – instructions for use, doses, side effects, reviews of the drug:
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Analogs
All forms of release, dosages, registration certificates, drug manufacturers, drug characteristics
Barium sulfate for fluoroscopy (powder for suspension for oral administration), instructions for medical use RU No. P N000252/01
Last modified: 08/15/2017
Contents
- Active substance
- ATX
- Pharmacological group
- Dosage form
- Compound
- pharmachologic effect
- Description of the dosage form
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmaco-therapeutic group
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Use during pregnancy and lactation
- Dosage and administration
- Side effects
- Interaction
- special instructions
- Release form
- Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
- Storage conditions
- Best before date
- Reviews
Active ingredient
Barium sulfate
ATX
V08BA02 Barium sulfate without suspending agent
Pharmacological group
Radiocontrast agents
Dosage form
Powder for suspension for oral administration.
Composition
The active ingredient in is barium sulfate.
Radiocontrast agent. Envelops the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and provides a clear image of the microrelief of the mucous membrane. Increases image contrast in x-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum contrast of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum is achieved immediately after oral administration, the small intestine – after 15-90 minutes (depending on the rate of gastric emptying and the viscosity of the drug). The greatest visualization of the distal small and large intestine depends on the position of the body and hydrostatic pressure.
Description of dosage form
White or almost white, fine, odorless powder.
Pharmacokinetics
Low toxicity. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not enter the systemic circulation. Completely excreted through the intestines after 24-48 hours.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Radiocontrast agent.
Indications
X-ray examinations of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines (including double contrast method).
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity; violation of the integrity of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (suspicion of it), esophagotracheal fistulas; swallowing disorder, intestinal obstruction, constipation, stenosis of the esophagus, bleeding from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract; condition after surgical interventions on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract; malabsorption syndrome, food allergy.
With caution
General serious condition of the patient; bronchial asthma.
Pregnancy and lactation
Not recommended during pregnancy. If it is necessary to conduct a study during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped within 24 hours after the study.
Dosage and administration
Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?
Inside, for x-ray examination of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach and small intestine: barium sulfate for fluoroscopy is used in the form of an aqueous suspension prepared immediately before the x-ray examination.
To prepare a suspension from a powder, mix it with warm boiled or distilled water in a ratio of 2:1 to 4:1 for adults and from 1:1.5 to 1:2 for children and mix thoroughly for 4-5 minutes (possibly with using a mixer), the dose for adults per study is 300 ml, for children – 50–100 ml.
Side effects
Allergic reaction, constipation; isolated cases of the so-called “barium” appendicitis are described.
When using gas-forming substances in the process of double contrasting – discomfort in the epigastric region.
Interactions
Information for healthcare professionals only.
Are you a healthcare professional?
Not marked.
Special instructions
For double contrasting in adults and older children (double contrasting is not advisable in younger children), immediately before the examination, the patient is given, depending on age, 1.5–3.5 g of baking soda (in solution or powder), which is quickly washed down with a solution of 1-3 g of citric acid.
The total volume of distilled water should not exceed 7–15 ml. Can be used to study intestinal motility in children. After oral administration, the suspension passes through the small intestine in children in 1-2 hours, which makes it possible to study the structure and motor function of the small intestine in a short time and, thereby, to abandon the special methods of its study. The duration of the passage of the suspension through the colon is 4 hours, which significantly reduces the time of inspection of the intestine and reduces the radiation exposure by 2 times.
Presentation
Powder for suspension for oral administration.
100 g in plastic cups. Each cup is hermetically sealed with an aluminum foil lid.
A cup with the drug, together with instructions for use, is placed in a cardboard box.
For inpatient use, drug cups are placed in cartons of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, or 120 pieces, along with the appropriate number of instructions for use.