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Vasopressin Tablets: Uses, Side Effects, and Warnings

What are the uses of vasopressin tablets? What are the side effects and warnings associated with vasopressin tablets? Get the answers to these questions and more.

Vasopressin Tablets: Uses, Side Effects, and Warnings

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Vasopressin tablets are a synthetic form of this hormone, used to treat various medical conditions related to water balance and urine production.

Uses of Vasopressin Tablets

Vasopressin tablets are primarily used to control the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. They are commonly prescribed for the following conditions:

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and frequent urination due to a deficiency of natural vasopressin. Vasopressin tablets help replace the missing vasopressin and regulate urine production, controlling the symptoms of diabetes insipidus.

Bedwetting (Nocturnal Enuresis) in Children

Vasopressin tablets can be used to treat bedwetting in children by reducing the frequency of urination and the number of bedwetting episodes. This is achieved by increasing the reabsorption of water in the kidneys, leading to a lower volume of urine production at night.

Other Uses

In some cases, vasopressin tablets may also be used to treat certain types of head injuries or brain surgery, where the body’s production of natural vasopressin is disrupted.

Side Effects of Vasopressin Tablets

Vasopressin tablets are generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, they can have side effects. Some of the common side effects include:

  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Upset stomach
  • Flushing of the face

These side effects are usually mild and tend to subside over time. However, in rare cases, vasopressin tablets can cause a more serious side effect known as hyponatremia, which is a low level of sodium in the blood.

Warnings and Precautions

Hyponatremia is a potentially serious side effect of vasopressin tablets that can be life-threatening if not managed properly. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing hyponatremia, including:

  • Drinking too much liquid
  • Using certain medications like diuretics or glucocorticoids
  • Being 65 years or older
  • Having certain medical conditions

To monitor for this potential side effect, healthcare providers will order lab tests, such as urine tests and sodium blood levels, before and during treatment with vasopressin tablets. Patients must also limit their fluid intake and keep all medical and lab appointments.

Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience symptoms of low sodium levels, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle weakness or cramps, unusual tiredness or drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, or mental/mood changes like confusion or irritability. Seizures or trouble breathing are also serious side effects that require immediate medical intervention.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of vasopressin tablets is based on the patient’s medical condition and response to treatment. For the treatment of diabetes insipidus, the typical dosage is 2-3 times per day, while for the treatment of bedwetting, the medication is usually taken once daily at bedtime.

Patients, especially children and older adults, must strictly limit their fluid intake when taking vasopressin tablets. If they find themselves drinking more fluids than directed, they should inform their healthcare provider immediately, as the treatment may need to be adjusted.

Conclusion

Vasopressin tablets are an essential medication used to treat various conditions related to water balance and urine production, such as diabetes insipidus and bedwetting in children. While generally well-tolerated, these tablets can cause the potentially serious side effect of hyponatremia, which requires close monitoring and management. Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and report any concerning symptoms promptly to ensure the safe and effective use of vasopressin tablets.

DDAVP Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

Desmopressin can rarely cause a low level of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia), which can be serious or even fatal. Drinking too much liquid, using certain medications (such as “water pills”/diuretics including furosemide, glucocorticoids such as prednisone), being 65 years or older, or having certain medical conditions may increase the risk of low sodium in the blood. Lab tests (such as urine tests, sodium blood levels) must be done before you start using this medication and while you are using it. Keep all medical and lab appointments.

Tell your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of low sodium in the blood, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle weakness/cramps, unusual tiredness, unusual drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, mental/mood changes including confusion/irritability.

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including seizure or trouble breathing.

Warnings:

Desmopressin can rarely cause a low level of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia), which can be serious or even fatal. Drinking too much liquid, using certain medications (such as “water pills”/diuretics including furosemide, glucocorticoids such as prednisone), being 65 years or older, or having certain medical conditions may increase the risk of low sodium in the blood. Lab tests (such as urine tests, sodium blood levels) must be done before you start using this medication and while you are using it. Keep all medical and lab appointments.

Tell your doctor right away if you develop symptoms of low sodium in the blood, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle weakness/cramps, unusual tiredness, unusual drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, mental/mood changes including confusion/irritability.

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including seizure or trouble breathing.

… Show More

Uses

Desmopressin is used to control the amount of urine your kidneys make. Normally, the amount of urine you make is controlled by a certain substance in the body called vasopressin. In people who have “water diabetes” (diabetes insipidus) or certain kinds of head injury or brain surgery, the body does not make enough vasopressin. Desmopressin is a man-made form of vasopressin and is used to replace a low level of vasopressin. This medication helps to control increased thirst and too much urination due to these conditions, and helps prevent dehydration.Desmopressin is also used to control nighttime bedwetting in children. It reduces how often your child urinates and decreases the number of bedwetting episodes.

How to use DDAVP

For the treatment of diabetes insipidus, take this medication by mouth, usually 2 to 3 times a day or as directed by your doctor.

For the treatment of bedwetting, take this medication by mouth, usually once a day at bedtime. Children should limit the fluids they drink after dinner, especially 1 hour before the desmopressin dose until the next morning, or at least 8 hours after the dose. If your child wakes up during the night, limit the amount that your child drinks.

All patients taking desmopressin, especially children and older adults, must limit drinking of water and other fluids. Consult your doctor for details. If you find that you are drinking more fluids than directed, tell your doctor right away. Your treatment will need to be adjusted.

Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Do not take more desmopressin or take it more often than prescribed.

Take this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if this medication stops working well.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Headache, nausea, upset stomach, or flushing of the face may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before taking desmopressin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, high blood pressure, heart problems (such as blocked blood vessels, heart failure), conditions that may increase your risk of fluid/mineral imbalance (such as cystic fibrosis), the urge to drink too much water without being thirsty, a low level of sodium in the blood (hyponatremia), bleeding/clotting problems.

If you become dehydrated, your doctor will correct that condition first before starting treatment with desmopressin.

Limit alcohol because it can interfere with how well desmopressin works.

Tell the doctor right away if you develop any illness that can cause water/mineral imbalance (including fever, diarrhea, vomiting, infections such as the flu) or if you experience conditions that require drinking more fluids (for example, exposure to very hot weather, strenuous exercise, heavy sweating). The doctor may need to stop or adjust desmopressin treatment, especially in children and older adults.

Children may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially water/mineral imbalance and a low level of sodium in the blood.

Older adults may be at greater risk for water/mineral imbalance and a low level of sodium in the blood while using this drug.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Some products that may interact with this drug are: tolvaptan, “water pills”/diuretics (such as furosemide).

Does DDAVP interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: headache that is severe or doesn’t go away, confusion, drowsiness, sudden weight gain.

Do not share this medication with others.

Lab and/or medical tests (such as urine tests, sodium blood level) may be done while you are taking this medication. Keep all medical and lab appointments. Consult your doctor for more details.

If you take 1 dose daily and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If you do not remember until the next day, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

If you take more than 1 dose daily and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

DDAVP 0.2 mg tablet

Color: whiteShape: roundImprint: 0.2

This medicine is a white, round, scored, tablet imprinted with “0.2”.

DDAVP 0.1 mg tablet

Color: whiteShape: ovalImprint: 0.1

This medicine is a white, round, scored, tablet imprinted with “0.2”.

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Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Mechanism of Action | HCP JYNARQUE® (tolvaptan) tablets

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INDICATION and IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

JYNARQUE is indicated to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS LIVER INJURY

WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS LIVER INJURY

  • JYNARQUE® (tolvaptan) can cause serious and potentially fatal liver injury. Acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation has been reported
  • Measure transaminases (ALT, AST) and bilirubin before initiating treatment, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after initiation, then monthly for the first 18 months and every 3 months thereafter. Prompt action in response to laboratory abnormalities, signs, or symptoms indicative of hepatic injury can mitigate, but not eliminate, the risk of serious hepatotoxicity
  • Because of the risks of serious liver injury, JYNARQUE is available only through a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program called the JYNARQUE REMS Program

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

  • History, signs or symptoms of significant liver impairment or injury. This contraindication does not apply to uncomplicated polycystic liver disease
  • Taking strong CYP3A inhibitors
  • With uncorrected abnormal blood sodium concentrations
  • Unable to sense or respond to thirst
  • Hypovolemia
  • Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, rash) to JYNARQUE or any component of the product
  • Uncorrected urinary outflow obstruction
  • Anuria

Serious Liver Injury: JYNARQUE can cause serious and potentially fatal liver injury. Acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation has been reported in the post-marketing ADPKD experience. Discontinuation in response to laboratory abnormalities or signs or symptoms of liver injury (such as fatigue, anorexia, nausea, right upper abdominal discomfort, vomiting, fever, rash, pruritus, icterus, dark urine or jaundice) can reduce the risk of severe hepatotoxicity. To reduce the risk of significant or irreversible liver injury, assess ALT, AST and bilirubin prior to initiating JYNARQUE, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after initiation, then monthly for 18 months and every 3 months thereafter.

Hypernatremia, Dehydration and Hypovolemia: JYNARQUE therapy increases free water clearance which can lead to dehydration, hypovolemia and hypernatremia. Instruct patients to drink water when thirsty, and throughout the day and night if awake. Monitor for weight loss, tachycardia and hypotension because they may signal dehydration. Ensure abnormalities in sodium concentrations are corrected before initiating therapy. If serum sodium increases above normal or the patient becomes hypovolemic or dehydrated and fluid intake cannot be increased, suspend JYNARQUE until serum sodium, hydration status and volume status parameters are within the normal range.

Inhibitors of CYP3A: Concomitant use of JYNARQUE with drugs that are moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, indinavir/ritonavir, ritonavir, and conivaptan) increases tolvaptan exposure. Use with strong CYP3A inhibitors is contraindicated; dose reduction of JYNARQUE is recommended for patients taking moderate CYP3A inhibitors. Patients should avoid grapefruit juice beverages while taking JYNARQUE.

Adverse Reactions: Most common observed adverse reactions with JYNARQUE (incidence >10% and at least twice that for placebo) were thirst, polyuria, nocturia, pollakiuria and polydipsia.

Other Drug Interactions:

  • Strong CYP3A Inducers: Co-administration with strong CYP3A inducers reduces exposure to JYNARQUE. Avoid concomitant use of JYNARQUE with strong CYP3A inducers
  • V2-Receptor Agonist: Tolvaptan interferes with the V2-agonist activity of desmopressin (dDAVP). Avoid concomitant use of JYNARQUE with a V2-agonist

Pregnancy and Lactation: Based on animal data, JYNARQUE may cause fetal harm. In general, JYNARQUE should be discontinued during pregnancy. Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with JYNARQUE.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. at 1-800-438-9927 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (www.fda.gov/medwatch).

Please see FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION, including BOXED WARNING.

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INDICATION and IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

JYNARQUE is indicated to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS LIVER INJURY

WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS LIVER INJURY

  • JYNARQUE® (tolvaptan) can cause serious and potentially fatal liver injury. Acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation has been reported
  • Measure transaminases (ALT, AST) and bilirubin before initiating treatment, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after initiation, then monthly for the first 18 months and every 3 months thereafter. Prompt action in response to laboratory abnormalities, signs, or symptoms indicative of hepatic injury can mitigate, but not eliminate, the risk of serious hepatotoxicity
  • Because of the risks of serious liver injury, JYNARQUE is available only through a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program called the JYNARQUE REMS Program

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

  • History, signs or symptoms of significant liver impairment or injury. This contraindication does not apply to uncomplicated polycystic liver disease
  • Taking strong CYP3A inhibitors
  • With uncorrected abnormal blood sodium concentrations
  • Unable to sense or respond to thirst
  • Hypovolemia
  • Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, rash) to JYNARQUE or any component of the product
  • Uncorrected urinary outflow obstruction
  • Anuria

Serious Liver Injury: JYNARQUE can cause serious and potentially fatal liver injury. Acute liver failure requiring liver transplantation has been reported in the post-marketing ADPKD experience. Discontinuation in response to laboratory abnormalities or signs or symptoms of liver injury (such as fatigue, anorexia, nausea, right upper abdominal discomfort, vomiting, fever, rash, pruritus, icterus, dark urine or jaundice) can reduce the risk of severe hepatotoxicity. To reduce the risk of significant or irreversible liver injury, assess ALT, AST and bilirubin prior to initiating JYNARQUE, at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after initiation, then monthly for 18 months and every 3 months thereafter.

Hypernatremia, Dehydration and Hypovolemia: JYNARQUE therapy increases free water clearance which can lead to dehydration, hypovolemia and hypernatremia. Instruct patients to drink water when thirsty, and throughout the day and night if awake. Monitor for weight loss, tachycardia and hypotension because they may signal dehydration. Ensure abnormalities in sodium concentrations are corrected before initiating therapy. If serum sodium increases above normal or the patient becomes hypovolemic or dehydrated and fluid intake cannot be increased, suspend JYNARQUE until serum sodium, hydration status and volume status parameters are within the normal range.

Inhibitors of CYP3A: Concomitant use of JYNARQUE with drugs that are moderate or strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, indinavir/ritonavir, ritonavir, and conivaptan) increases tolvaptan exposure. Use with strong CYP3A inhibitors is contraindicated; dose reduction of JYNARQUE is recommended for patients taking moderate CYP3A inhibitors. Patients should avoid grapefruit juice beverages while taking JYNARQUE.

Adverse Reactions: Most common observed adverse reactions with JYNARQUE (incidence >10% and at least twice that for placebo) were thirst, polyuria, nocturia, pollakiuria and polydipsia.

Other Drug Interactions:

  • Strong CYP3A Inducers: Co-administration with strong CYP3A inducers reduces exposure to JYNARQUE. Avoid concomitant use of JYNARQUE with strong CYP3A inducers
  • V2-Receptor Agonist: Tolvaptan interferes with the V2-agonist activity of desmopressin (dDAVP). Avoid concomitant use of JYNARQUE with a V2-agonist

Pregnancy and Lactation: Based on animal data, JYNARQUE may cause fetal harm. In general, JYNARQUE should be discontinued during pregnancy. Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with JYNARQUE.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. at 1-800-438-9927 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (www.fda.gov/medwatch).

Please see FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION, including BOXED WARNING.

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Fidelity Pills – KP.

RU

Komsomolskaya Pravda

Search results :00

Scientists are encouraging: a substance has been found that can be used to create a drug against adultery

As it turned out, as many as two issues of the “Man and Woman” column, which were devoted to scientific searches for the causes of going to the left and ways to stop them, did not cover the whole variety of topics (“Is there a cure for infidelity?”, “Coercion to fidelity”, see “KP” of September 6 and 13, 2008). Recently, new discoveries have arrived. And they testify: not only instincts and psychology are involved in adultery. But also chemistry. A substance has been discovered that averts fornication and generates a sense of fidelity to a single partner. Thanks to him, according to scientists, next to us there are people who can not change.

Cheating genes

The search for the chemical causes of infidelity began about seven years ago. And, as usual, from experiments on mice. Fortunately, among these animals there are two amazing populations – meadow voles and steppe voles. The males of the first are extremely lascivious, mating right and left. And those from the second, all their mouse life remain faithful to one female. Scientists decided to figure out why such a miracle happens. And they seem to have figured it out.

“Our study, in a relatively simple biological model, provides evidence that boosting the activity of just one gene profoundly changes the foundations of social behavior,” said Larry Young, a professor at Emory University in Georgia.

It turned out that the heads of faithful and unfaithful mice contain a different number of receptors that perceive the hormone vasopressin. It is produced by the brain in one area, and absorbed in another. This hormone, scientists have suggested, and generates a sense of attachment. Moreover, it creates a very pleasant feeling that one female is enough to satisfy sexual needs. The bold hypothesis was also reinforced by the fact that the faithful mice showed an excess of both the hormone itself and the receptors that perceive it.

To test, American neuroscientists transferred the gene responsible for vasopressin receptors from monogamous steppe voles to meadow lovers to go left. And a fantastic transformation happened: the Casanova mice became faithful “husbands” without exception. This is the magical power of chemistry.

People are like mice

Impressive results were obtained back in 2004. But since they belonged to “simple biological models”, they did not create confidence that they could be transferred to more complex ones – to people. Doubts were dispelled by recent research conducted at the Swedish Karolinska Institute under the direction of Professor Hass Walum. Scientists have discovered a striking similarity between people and their smaller brothers in terms of the chemical nature of adultery. It turned out that the human brain interacts with vasopressin in exactly the same way as the mouse. Faithful men found more of the hormone, and it was absorbed better. For cheaters, the opposite is true. And the reason is the same – the genetic difference of one from the other.

Conclusions: vasopressin has a serious claim to be the human hormone of fidelity. This is first. Secondly, not all men are cheaters. There is a breed of people in whom nature has beaten off the inclination to fornication, while retaining both the libido and the ability to receive sincere satisfaction from sexual intercourse with a single partner. Such, according to opinion polls, from a quarter to a third of the stronger sex.

Alas, it is still a mystery whether there is a genetic difference between women of easy sexual behavior and those who profess marital fidelity.

Prescribe me, doctor…

Vasopressin is a known hormone. News – its role in human relationships and in influencing social behavior. Naturally, the question arises: is it possible, on the basis of this hormone, to create a drug for the “treatment” of infidelity? Theoretically – yes, scientists answer. But more research is needed. After all, it is stupid to drink vasopressin or inject it dangerously. Like any hormone. Yes, and there are side effects – the most famous, for example, difficult urination (analogs of vasopressin are prescribed for patients with enuresis). Would a healthy husband in this sense want to make such a sacrifice? However, medical science does not stand still. Scientists will come up with something – synthetically harmless. And make humanity happy with fidelity pills.

Vladimir LAGOVSKY

SPECIALIST’S OPINION

Dilute with tenderness!

Natalya GRIDASOVA, psychoendocrinologist, doctor of the highest category:

– Vasopressin belongs to a group of hormones that are produced by a very important part of the brain – the pituitary gland, and is responsible for regulating the amount of fluids in the body. And disinhibited sexual behavior (simply – pathological infidelity) is often distinguished by people who have just the same function of the pituitary gland.

Of course, one cannot say directly, they say, inject your “walker” with vasopressin, and he will sit beside you like silk. But perhaps there is a rational grain in these studies. And the medicine “for infidelity” will act just on those men who run to the left not because of natural depravity or because the partner does not suit, but “due to illness.”

Vasopressin also affects the secretion of oxytocin, the hormone of tenderness, which is responsible for the emotional component of sexual relations and enhances attachment to a partner.

In large doses, vasopressin greatly increases pressure in tissues, including the brain, and this can be very dangerous for health.

Elena IONOVA.

BTW

Sleep well

Endocrinologists at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lübeck, led by Jan Born, discovered that inhaling an aerosol preparation containing vasopressin in the morning and evening has a hypnotic effect. But it also weakens memory.

In principle, an attractive combination of side effects: a faithful husband sleeps well, pees little and does not remember insults.

Maybe scientists are trying in vain? There is little demand for chastity pills. Slightly higher than on a baldness balm. It is strange, however… Although there are suspicions that in our sociological survey mainly traitors participated, for whom some kind of “non-leftist” is a threat to a lustful lifestyle. Like bromine for Casanova. Or do people really cope with adultery non-drug? Through love and willpower? And rely on natural feelings? Showing no interest even in a love potion?

Another interpretation is not ruled out. Logically sound. After all, if you restore a peppy and fresh look, become smart and slender teetotalers, then other problems – partner’s infidelity, baldness and insufficient attention of the opposite sex – will seem secondary and easily solved. This is what Faust thought when he sold his soul. Looks like we haven’t changed much since then?

Vladimir Lagovsky is waiting for your feedback on our website.

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