What nutrients are crucial for thyroid function. How can supplements impact thyroid health. Which populations may benefit from thyroid-specific supplements. Why should some people avoid certain thyroid supplements. How to maintain optimal thyroid health through diet and supplementation.

The Vital Role of Nutrients in Thyroid Function

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall health. To function optimally, it requires specific nutrients. Understanding these key players can help maintain thyroid health and prevent potential issues.

Selenium: The Thyroid’s Protector

Selenium stands out as a mineral essential for thyroid hormone production. Its primary function is to shield the thyroid from oxidative stress, a process that can damage cells and lead to dysfunction. The thyroid gland contains high concentrations of selenium, emphasizing its importance.

Can selenium deficiency impact thyroid health. Indeed, research indicates that insufficient selenium levels can contribute to thyroid dysfunction. Ensuring adequate selenium intake through diet or supplementation may help support optimal thyroid function.

Iodine: The Cornerstone of Thyroid Hormones

Iodine holds a unique position in thyroid health as its only known role in the body is to support thyroid hormone production. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) both contain iodine as a crucial component.

How does iodine deficiency affect the thyroid. Iodine deficiency is a well-established cause of thyroid disease. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid cannot produce adequate hormones, leading to various health issues.

Zinc: Regulating Hormone Levels

Zinc is another mineral vital for thyroid hormone production. It plays a role in maintaining healthy levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Optimal zinc concentrations are necessary for the thyroid to function properly.

Iron: Activating Thyroid Hormones

Iron’s role in thyroid health often goes underappreciated. It’s essential for converting T4 into T3, the active form of thyroid hormone. Iron deficiency has been linked to thyroid dysfunction, highlighting its importance in maintaining thyroid health.

Beyond the Basics: Other Nutrients Supporting Thyroid Function

While selenium, iodine, zinc, and iron are often in the spotlight, other nutrients also play supporting roles in thyroid health. B vitamins, vitamin A, and vitamin E contribute to optimal thyroid function. A deficiency in any of these nutrients can potentially increase the risk of thyroid disease.

How can one ensure adequate nutrient intake for thyroid health. For most individuals, following a nutrient-dense diet rich in whole foods is sufficient to maintain optimal thyroid function. However, certain populations may require supplementation to meet their nutritional needs.

Who Might Benefit from Thyroid-Specific Supplements?

While a balanced diet is ideal for thyroid health, some groups may need additional support through supplementation:

• People following restrictive diets
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Individuals with existing thyroid conditions
• Those with other health issues affecting nutrient absorption

These populations may benefit from targeted supplementation to maintain overall health, including thyroid function. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

The Potential Dangers of Thyroid-Specific Supplements

While nutrients are essential for thyroid health, not everyone needs to take thyroid-specific supplements. In fact, for some individuals, these supplements can pose significant risks.

Excessive Iodine: A Double-Edged Sword

Many thyroid supplements contain high amounts of iodine. While iodine is crucial for thyroid function, excessive intake can be harmful. How can too much iodine affect the thyroid. Paradoxically, excessive iodine intake can lead to hypothyroidism in susceptible individuals, highlighting the importance of balanced nutrition.

Unintended Hormone Supplementation

A concerning finding from research is that some thyroid supplements contain detectable amounts of T3 and T4 hormones. In some cases, these levels exceed what healthcare providers typically prescribe for hypothyroidism treatment.

What are the risks of unintended hormone intake. Taking these supplements can lead to elevated thyroid hormone levels in the blood, potentially causing symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This condition can lead to dangerous complications if left unchecked.

When to Avoid Thyroid Supplements

Thyroid supplements are not one-size-fits-all solutions. In fact, they may be unsafe for certain individuals:

• People with healthy thyroid function
• Individuals with existing thyroid conditions
• Those taking thyroid medications

For people with thyroid issues, these supplements may interfere with their specific treatment needs and potentially worsen their condition. It’s crucial to work with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and effective plan tailored to individual needs.

Maintaining Optimal Thyroid Health: Diet and Lifestyle Approaches

Rather than relying on thyroid-specific supplements, focusing on a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle can support optimal thyroid function for most people.

Nutrient-Dense Diet

A diet rich in whole foods can provide the necessary nutrients for thyroid health. Include sources of:

• Selenium: Brazil nuts, fish, eggs
• Iodine: Seaweed, fish, dairy products
• Zinc: Oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds
• Iron: Red meat, spinach, lentils

Balanced Lifestyle

Supporting thyroid health goes beyond nutrition. Consider these lifestyle factors:

1. Manage stress through relaxation techniques
2. Get adequate sleep
3. Exercise regularly
4. Minimize exposure to environmental toxins

The Importance of Professional Guidance in Thyroid Health

While understanding thyroid health is valuable, professional guidance is crucial, especially for those with thyroid conditions or suspected issues.

Regular Check-ups

Regular thyroid function tests can help detect and monitor thyroid issues. How often should one have thyroid function checked. For those without known thyroid problems, every 5 years is typically sufficient. However, individuals with risk factors or existing conditions may need more frequent monitoring.

Personalized Treatment Plans

Healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans based on individual needs. This may include:

• Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
• Dietary recommendations
• Targeted supplementation
• Lifestyle modifications

Why is personalized care important for thyroid health. Each person’s thyroid function and needs are unique. A tailored approach ensures optimal management and reduces the risk of complications.

Future Directions in Thyroid Health Research

As our understanding of thyroid health evolves, new avenues for research and treatment continue to emerge.

Nutrigenomics and Thyroid Function

The field of nutrigenomics, which studies how nutrients interact with our genes, holds promise for thyroid health. How might nutrigenomics impact thyroid treatment. Future research may lead to more personalized nutritional recommendations based on an individual’s genetic profile, potentially improving thyroid function and overall health.

Novel Supplementation Approaches

While current thyroid-specific supplements may pose risks, ongoing research may yield safer and more effective options. Scientists are exploring compounds that support thyroid function without the dangers associated with hormone-containing supplements.

Environmental Factors and Thyroid Health

Increasing attention is being paid to how environmental factors impact thyroid health. What environmental elements affect the thyroid. Researchers are investigating the effects of endocrine disruptors, pollution, and climate change on thyroid function, which may lead to new preventive strategies and treatments.

As research progresses, our approach to maintaining thyroid health will likely become more nuanced and personalized. However, the foundation of good thyroid health remains a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, and regular medical check-ups.

Navigating Thyroid Health in Special Populations

While general guidelines apply to most individuals, certain populations require special considerations when it comes to thyroid health and supplementation.

Pregnancy and Thyroid Function

Pregnancy significantly impacts thyroid function, and proper thyroid health is crucial for both maternal and fetal well-being. How does pregnancy affect thyroid needs. During pregnancy, the body’s demand for iodine increases, and thyroid hormone requirements change. Healthcare providers often recommend specific prenatal vitamins and may adjust thyroid medication dosages for pregnant women with existing thyroid conditions.

Thyroid Health in Aging Populations

As we age, the risk of thyroid dysfunction increases. Older adults may face unique challenges in maintaining thyroid health:

• Altered metabolism of thyroid hormones
• Increased likelihood of nutrient deficiencies
• Interactions with medications for other health conditions

Regular monitoring and tailored interventions become increasingly important in this population.

Athletes and Thyroid Function

Intense physical training can impact thyroid function. How does exercise affect thyroid health. While moderate exercise is beneficial, excessive endurance training may lead to changes in thyroid hormone levels. Athletes should work closely with healthcare providers to ensure their training regimens and nutritional intake support optimal thyroid function.

Integrating Thyroid Health into Overall Wellness

Thyroid health doesn’t exist in isolation; it’s intricately connected to overall well-being. A holistic approach to health can support thyroid function while promoting general wellness.

Mind-Body Connection

Stress and mental health can significantly impact thyroid function. Practices that support emotional well-being may also benefit thyroid health:

• Mindfulness meditation
• Yoga
• Regular social connections
• Engaging in enjoyable hobbies

Gut Health and Thyroid Function

Emerging research suggests a strong connection between gut health and thyroid function. How does gut health affect the thyroid. A healthy gut microbiome may support proper nutrient absorption and hormone conversion, both crucial for thyroid health. Prioritizing gut health through a fiber-rich diet, probiotics, and stress management may indirectly benefit thyroid function.

Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Quality sleep is essential for overall health, including thyroid function. Poor sleep patterns can disrupt hormone balance, potentially affecting thyroid hormones. Establishing consistent sleep routines and creating a sleep-conducive environment can support both thyroid and overall health.

By taking a comprehensive approach to health that considers nutrition, lifestyle, and overall well-being, individuals can create an environment that supports optimal thyroid function. While supplements may play a role for some, they should be part of a broader strategy developed in consultation with healthcare providers.

As research continues to unfold, our understanding of thyroid health and the best ways to support it will evolve. Staying informed, maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, and prioritizing overall wellness remain the best strategies for supporting thyroid health in the long term.

Supplements and Thyroid Health: What to Know

Thyroid conditions, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid cancer, are common. For example, up to 7% of the U.S. population has hypothyroidism, a condition in which your thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones (1).

Depending on the type of disease, thyroid conditions are typically treated with medications like thyroid hormone replacement, surgery, and other procedures, such as radiation therapy for thyroid cancer.

In addition to conventional treatments for thyroid conditions, research shows that dietary interventions, including supplements, may help treat certain thyroid diseases.

However, certain supplements may do more harm than good when it comes to thyroid health.

This article explains how supplements may help certain people with thyroid-related health conditions.

If you walk down the supplement aisle of your favorite health food store, you’ll likely see a section dedicated to thyroid health.

Due to the prevalence of thyroid conditions, many supplement companies have started making supplements that are designed to “support thyroid health.”

Although some of these products are harmless, certain thyroid supplements may lead to negative side effects and can even harm your thyroid.

Before addressing why thyroid-specific supplements may not be the best choice for everyone, it’s important to explain what nutrients the thyroid needs for optimal functioning. Here are some of the most important nutrients for thyroid health:

• Selenium. Selenium, a mineral needed for thyroid hormone production, helps protect the thyroid from damage caused by oxidative stress. The thyroid contains high amounts of selenium, and a deficiency can lead to thyroid dysfunction (2).
• Iodine. Iodine is critical for thyroid function. In fact, currently, the only known role of iodine is to support thyroid hormone production. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are thyroid hormones that contain iodine. Iodine deficiency causes thyroid disease (3, 4).
• Zinc. The mineral zinc is required for thyroid hormone production. An optimal concentration of zinc is needed for healthy levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (5).
• Iron. The thyroid needs iron to convert T4 into T3, the active form of thyroid hormone. Iron deficiency is associated with thyroid dysfunction (6).

Other nutrients, including B vitamins and vitamins A and E, are also needed for optimal thyroid function. Being deficient in one or more nutrients can negatively affect thyroid health and increase your risk of thyroid disease (7, 8, 9, 10).

For most people, following a nutrient-dense diet rich in whole foods is enough to maintain optimal thyroid function.

However, certain populations may need to supplement their diet with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients to maintain overall health, including the health of the thyroid.

These populations include people on restrictive diets, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and those who have a thyroid condition or other health issues.

Should you take thyroid-specific supplements?

There’s no doubt that a nutritious diet that provides optimal nutrient levels is important for maintaining thyroid health, nor that nutrient deficiencies can lead to thyroid issues.

Still, for people who don’t have thyroid issues and follow a well-balanced, nutrient-dense diet, there’s typically no need to take thyroid-specific supplements.

In fact, certain supplements marketed toward those looking to promote thyroid health may be dangerous to take.

For example, many thyroid supplements contain high amounts of iodine and may contain thyroid hormones. Taking these supplements can lead to dangerous side effects and create thyroid issues in people with healthy thyroid function (11).

One study that analyzed 10 thyroid supplements found that the majority of them contained detectable amounts of T3 and T4. Some of the products tested contained more T3 and T4 than healthcare providers typically prescribe to people with hypothyroidism (11).

Taking these supplements may lead to elevated thyroid hormone levels in the blood and cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which can lead to dangerous complications (12, 13, 14).

What’s more, excessive iodine intake from supplements may cause hypothyroidism in susceptible individuals (12, 13, 14).

Thyroid supplements may be unsafe for people who have thyroid conditions, too.

This is because people with thyroid issues have specific needs, and taking supplements marketed to enhance thyroid health may negatively affect thyroid function, causing their health and symptoms to worsen.

As such, people with and without thyroid conditions should avoid taking supplements marketed to promote thyroid health. Instead, work with a practitioner to come up with a healthy and safe plan that’s based on your specific needs and health status.

Summary

It’s a smart idea to stay away from dietary supplements marketed to improve thyroid health. These products can cause health issues in people with and without thyroid disease.

Hashimoto’s disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. It’s an autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies that attack the thyroid, causing fibrosis or scarring of the thyroid tissue (15).

Hashimoto’s disease is associated with a variety of symptoms, including weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, anemia, constipation, cold intolerance, joint pain, dry skin, mood changes, difficulty concentrating, and more (15).

In addition to medication, diet and lifestyle modification can help reduce thyroid damage and improve symptoms and overall quality of life in people with Hashimoto’s.

Plus, people with Hashimoto’s disease are more likely to be deficient in certain nutrients, which can worsen Hashimoto’s-related symptoms.

Studies show that the following supplements can be beneficial for those with Hashimoto’s disease:

• Selenium. Studies have shown that supplementing with 200 mcg of selenium per day may help decrease thyroid antibodies and improve mood in people with Hashimoto’s (16, 17).
• Myo-Inositol. Inositol is a type of sugar that plays an important role in thyroid function. Some evidence suggests that daily treatment with 600 mg of Myo-Inositol and 83 mcg of selenium may help improve thyroid function in people with Hashimoto’s (18, 19).
• Zinc. Zinc is needed for thyroid hormone production, and a deficiency can result in hypothyroidism. When used alone or in combination with selenium, 30 mg of zinc per day may help enhance thyroid function in people with Hashimoto’s disease (20, 21).
• Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in people with Hashimoto’s disease. Taking a B12 or B complex supplement can help prevent and treat deficiency, as well as maintain optimal B12 levels (22, 23).
• Magnesium. A magnesium deficiency may increase your risk of developing Hashimoto’s disease and is associated with elevated thyroid antibody levels. Correcting magnesium deficiency may improve Hashimoto’s symptoms (24, 25).
• Iron. Many women with Hashimoto’s disease have low iron levels or iron deficiency anemia. Anemia negatively affects thyroid function. An iron supplement may be necessary to restore iron to optimal levels (26).
• Vitamin D. People with Hashimoto’s disease are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than the general population, and vitamin D deficiency can have an adverse effect on thyroid function (22, 27).
• Curcumin. Curcumin may help protect your thyroid against oxidative damage. Plus, taking curcumin alongside other anti-inflammatory compounds may help reduce the size of thyroid nodules, which are common in Hashimoto’s disease (28, 29).
• Vitamin C. Research suggests that taking a vitamin C supplement may help reduce thyroid antibodies in people with Hashimoto’s disease (30).

Other supplements may help people with Hashimoto’s as well. However, the supplements above have the most research to support their use in the management of Hashimoto’s disease.

Summary

Research suggests that certain supplements, including selenium, zinc, iron, and vitamins D and B12, may be beneficial for people with Hashimoto’s disease.

Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Like Hashimoto’s disease, it’s considered an autoimmune condition.

In Graves’ disease, the immune system attacks your thyroid, causing it to overproduce thyroid hormones. Graves’ disease can also lead to thyromegaly or an enlarged thyroid (31).

Symptoms associated with Graves’ disease include weight loss, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, diarrhea, eye pain and irritation, fatigue, weakness, menstrual irregularities, insomnia, nervousness, and more (32).

Current treatment of Graves’ disease includes surgery, medication, and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) (32).

Like Hashimoto’s disease, some research shows that dietary modifications may help improve symptoms and quality of life in people with Graves’ disease (33).

The following supplements may help people with Graves’ disease:

• Selenium. Selenium deficiency can raise your risk of Graves’ disease. A review found selenium supplements in daily dosages of 100–300 mcg led to improved thyroid function at 6 months in people with Graves’ disease, but this effect was lost at 9 months (34).
• Vitamin D. Research shows that people with Graves’ disease are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D than the general population. Correcting deficiency by taking a supplement may improve thyroid function (35, 36, 37).
• L-carnitine. Research has found that hyperthyroidism depletes your body’s stores of carnitine, which plays a critical role in energy production. Taking L-carnitine may help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in people with hyperthyroidism (38, 39).
• Vitamin B12. People with Graves’ disease are at a greater risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency. Taking a high quality B12 or B complex supplement can help maintain healthy B12 levels (40, 41, 42).

Other supplements may help people with Graves’ disease. Work with a knowledgeable healthcare practitioner to develop a supplement regimen that’s right for you.

Summary

According to research, vitamin D, selenium, L-carnitine, and vitamin B12 may help people with Graves’ disease.

Thyroid cancer is considered a rare type of cancer, accounting for just 1–4% of all cancers in the United States. Cancers that stem from follicular cells in the thyroid account for up to 95% of all thyroid cancers (43).

Treatment for thyroid cancer includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, total thyroidectomy, and palliative care management for untreatable thyroid cancer.

In addition to traditional treatment, diet, supplements, and lifestyle modifications may enhance treatment outcomes and improve quality of life in people with thyroid cancer.

Some animal and test-tube research suggests that omega-3 fats, curcumin, L-carnitine, quercetin, melatonin, resveratrol, selenium, inositol, zinc, and vitamins C, E, A, and D may benefit those with thyroid cancer (44, 45, 46).

Additionally, low iodine intake is linked to an increased risk of thyroid cancer, and research suggests that correcting iodine deficiency can help protect against the development of more aggressive forms of thyroid cancer (47).

However, although many of these nutrients, including vitamin D and selenium, are known to have anticancer effects, there’s currently a lack of human studies investigating the effects of these dietary supplements in people with thyroid cancer (47, 48).

Therefore, more studies are needed before these supplements can be routinely recommended for people with thyroid cancer (47, 49).

The best way to determine the best supplement regimen for your specific needs is to consult your healthcare provider.

Oftentimes, either your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian that specializes in oncology nutrition will recommend supplements depending on your diet, overall health, and what treatments you’re currently undergoing for thyroid cancer.

Summary

Although research suggests that some supplements may benefit people with thyroid cancer, human research is lacking. To ensure your safety, it’s best to check with your medical provider before taking any supplements.

As mentioned above, it’s best to avoid thyroid-specific supplement blends unless they’re specifically recommended by your healthcare provider.

Taking these supplements can harm your thyroid and lead to a thyroid condition (11, 12, 13, 14).

Still, there are many vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements that have been shown to improve thyroid function, reduce disease symptoms, and improve overall quality of life in people with thyroid disease.

For people who have Hashimoto’s disease, Graves’ disease, thyroid cancer, or other condition that affects the thyroid gland, it’s best to work with a qualified healthcare provider who specializes in thyroid conditions.

This is especially important if you’re currently taking medications. Many supplements, especially herbal products, have the potential to interact with commonly prescribed medications and may lead to dangerous side effects.

Lastly, it’s important to always purchase supplements from trusted brands that independently test their products for quality and purity using organizations like USP and NSF International.

Summary

If you’re interested in taking supplements to treat a thyroid condition, it’s important to work with a qualified healthcare provider. They can help you choose supplements based on your specific needs and health status.

Research shows that some vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients may benefit people with certain thyroid conditions.

However, it’s important to develop a supplement regimen based on your specific needs and health issues.

If you’re interested in treating a thyroid condition with supplements, it’s important to work with a qualified healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Useful supplement shopping guides

Check out these two articles to help make supplement shopping a breeze:

• How to Choose High Quality Vitamins and Supplements
• How to Read Supplement Labels Like a Pro

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Best Vitamins and Minerals for Thyroid Function [2023 Nutritionist Rev | Feel

1. What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid is a small gland located in your neck which plays an important role producing hormones that regulate all the cells in the body. It works closely with the adrenal glands and supports metabolism and energy levels.

The thyroid is made of two lobes which are joined together by thyroid tissue. These lobes secrete hormones including thyroxine, also called T3, and triiodothyronine, called T4. T3 and T4 are made up of the trace mineral iodine, combined with the amino acid, Tyrosine. A hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH, tells the thyroid how much of these hormones to produce. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is also important to note, it is produced by the hypothalamus and plays an important role in regulating thyroid function.

2. 

What can go wrong with the Thyroid?

The thyroid is one of those things that we don’t think about until something goes wrong. But unfortunately thyroid dysfunction is common, with 1 in 20 Brits suffering from some sort of thyroid disorder, according to the British Thyroid Association. The most common thyroid issues are an underactive thyroid, known as hypothyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism. Symptoms of an underactive thyroid include weight gain, depression, tiredness, sensitivity to cold, constipation, brain fog, and muscle aches and pains, while an overactive thyroid may come with symptoms like nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, heat sensitivity, palpitations, twitching and weight loss.

Both conditions are commonly caused by autoimmune disease, where the body fails to recognise itself and attacks its own cells. Autoimmune hypothyroidism is called Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, while the one that causes hyperthyroidism is called Grave’s Disease. In both cases, thyroid antibodies attack the thyroid.

Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that deals with hormone related disease, including thyroid problems, and you may see an Endocrinologist for thyroid testing if you have overactive or underactive thyroid symptoms.

3.

 Does the Thyroid need vitamins?

Vitamins and minerals are incredibly important for the functioning of all body systems, and this is certainly true of the thyroid. Iodine, selenium, tyrosine, zinc and iron are all required for thyroid hormone metabolism, and iodine is one of the main building blocks for the T3 and T4 hormones¹.

Some vitamins and minerals like Vitamin A, C and selenium are antioxidants, which are also important as oxidative stress has been linked to thyroid disease². And vitamins are also involved in the maintenance of the immune system; for example your Vitamin D levels can influence thyroid health^3,4.

4. 

Can vitamins help with Thyroid function?

Yes, deficiency in certain vitamins and minerals has been associated with thyroid disorder^3,5,6,7,8, and ensuring you have the right levels of these nutrients can really help with thyroid function, as well as your overall feelings of wellness.

It’s best to get the nutrients you need through food sources where possible, as your body can better regulate their uptake, especially when they are from plant sources, and because different nutrients work synergistically. Where this is difficult to achieve, taking vitamins as dietary supplements could be helpful to thyroid health, but you should always consult a healthcare provider or nutritional consultant first, especially if you are taking thyroid medication. There have been some cases of thyrotoxicosis (excessive thyroid hormone levels) where people have self-prescribed thyroid supplements in high concentrations⁹. We’ll discuss specific nutrients for thyroid health, below.

5. 

How do vitamins strengthen and improve Thyroid?

Several minerals are essential in the functioning of the thyroid, because they act as co-enzymes in thyroid hormone metabolism and regulation. Vitamins are also important because they are involved in the uptake of these minerals by the thyroid, because they act as antioxidants to protect the thyroid gland, and because of their role in the immune system. Remember that autoimmune disease is the most common cause of thyroid disorder, demonstrating the importance of a healthy immune system for thyroid health.

6. 

What minerals are good for Thyroid function?

Iodine

The nutrient best known for thyroid health is iodine. The majority of the body’s stores of this trace mineral are found in the thyroid gland and it is considered one of the most important nutrients for a healthy thyroid³.

Note however that the relationship between iodine and the thyroid is a complex one. While iodine deficiency is a common cause of thyroid problems, too much iodine can also cause, not only an overactive thyroid, but also conversely an underactive thyroid too³. Therefore, it’s important to get enough iodine without getting too much.

Adults need 140 micrograms of iodine per day; common sources are fish, eggs and cow’s milk¹⁰. Some plants contain iodine depending on the soil they are grown in. Seaweed is a rich vegan source of the mineral, but levels are difficult to determine, and regular consumers may end up with too much. The Vegan Society suggests vegans take an iodine supplement instead, which is easier to monitor. However, iodine supplements are not suitable for those with an overactive thyroid and for some people on thyroid medication like levothyroxine^{9. Please consult a healthcare provider or nutritional consultant before taking iodine or other thyroid supplements.}

Iron

Patients with thyroid disease have been found to be more likely to be deficient in iron⁵, and iron-deficient anaemia can impair thyroid functioning¹. This essential mineral is involved in thyroid hormone metabolism and in the utilisation of iodine by the thyroid gland³. Reduced dietary iron has also been found to impact TSH levels and levels of T3 and T4¹.

Supplementing with iron has been found to improve thyroid hormone levels and adding it to thyroxine therapy (a treatment for hypothyroidism) was found to be more beneficial than thyroxine alone¹. However some people get side effects from supplementing iron^{10and it is best to try to get it from the diet where possible. Red meat is a common source of dietary iron, but there are many other food sources too including beans, chickpeas, nuts, seeds, quinoa, spinach, shellfish, fish, broccoli, and figs. Ensuring you have plenty of Vitamin C from fresh vegetables and fruit will help your body absorb iron.}

Zinc

Zinc is another trace mineral, essential in the functioning of the thyroid. It plays a regulatory role in thyroid hormones T3, T4, TRH,  and TSH and is involved in the conversion of T3 from T4¹¹.

Zinc deficiency inhibits thyroid hormones; studies have found that hypothyroid patients tend to have lower levels of the mineral, but that supplementation helped⁶.

Zinc is commonly obtained in the diet through meat, shellfish, and dairy; vegan sources include beans, chickpeas, nuts, seeds, and quinoa.

Selenium

Like iodine, the majority of the body’s stores of selenium are found in the thyroid gland³. Deficiency, which can lead to reduced thyroid function and production of thyroid hormones, is often found in patients with thyroid disorders³. Selenium also plays a role in the conversion of T3 from T4, and low levels are linked to thyroid tissue damage and goitre⁶. Brazil nuts are known to be a particularly good source of selenium, just two a day could meet your requirements¹². Non-vegans can also obtain this mineral through fish, meat, and eggs. Alternatively, selenium supplements are also an option.

Magnesium

Magnesium is less well known for its role in thyroid health but nevertheless an important one, with a correlation found between low levels and poor thyroid functioning⁷. It’s thought that deficiency in magnesium can impair thyroid cells’ ability to uptake iodine, leading to a drop in thyroid hormone production⁷. Magnesium is a hugely important mineral for many body systems; make sure you eat plenty of green leafy vegetables to ensure your levels stay topped up.

7. What vitamins are good for Thyroid function?

Vitamin D

Vitamin D’s connection to thyroid health is through its role in the immune system. One of the main causes of thyroid disfunction is autoimmune disease, and low vitamin D levels are common amongst those with autoimmune hypothyroidism, leading scientists to hypothesise that vitamin D deficiency is a cause of the condition⁶.

We obtain most of the vitamin D we require through exposure to sun, but for those of us living in countries like the UK which are at high latitudes, we should consider a supplement during the winter months. You can read more about this on our Vitamin D blog.

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly seen in patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis⁶. Deficiency may be due to lack of the nutrient in the diet, or poor absorption. Absorption declines with age, or may come about due to pernicious anaemia: an autoimmune condition effecting the absorption of the vitamin. Note that deficiency in B12 has similar symptoms to hypothyroid, including fatigue, poor memory, weakness, depression and tingling⁶. Vegans are at particular risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency, since it is obtained in the diet through eating animal products. Vegans can use fortified foods or dietary supplements to meet the 1.5 micrograms daily requirements. Note that the Vegan Society recommend consuming considerably more since your body won’t absorb it all: 3 mcg through food or 10 mcg through supplements.

Vitamin A

Vitamin A deficiency has been connected to poor thyroid functioning, including decreased uptake of iodine to the thyroid, thyroid enlargement, reduced production of thyroid hormones and altered TSH levels⁸. Vitamin A also supports the immune system and is an important antioxidant. This essential vitamin is obtained in its active form, retinol, through eating dairy, eggs, oily fish and liver; or it can be obtained through eating green leafy vegetables or yellow and orange fruits and vegetables like carrots, squash, and mango. These are sources of beta-carotene which convert to retinol in the body.

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is a co-factor for many of the body’s functions and deficiency can lead to a number of issues including anaemia and hypothyroidism, while supplementation may help balance the thyroid hormones⁸. B6 is found in many foods including certain types of meat and fish, soya beans, peanuts, and oats. Taking a Vitamin B Complex can be a good idea to ensure your levels of all B Vitamins are topped up since they work synergistically to do various important roles in the body.

8. What additional ingredients can improve Thyroid function?

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to combat stress, and it’s also thought to be stimulating to the thyroidAshwagandha is also not recommended for those with autoimmune conditions due to its potentially stimulatory effect on the immune system.

Guggul

Guggul is made from the sap (gum resin) of the Commiphora mukul tree, which is native to India. It is particularly helpful in enhancing the function of the thyroid gland which further helps in increasing the production of thyroid hormones through the enzymatic approach and therefore, supports conversion of T4 to T3 hormones. Research has shown Guggul to be an effective treatment in the management of hypothyroidism.

Tyrosine

Tyrosine is an amino acid which plays an important role in the thyroid: it combines with iodine to produce the hormones T3 and T4¹⁴. Tyrosine is known as a non-essential amino acid meaning you don’t need to obtain it from the diet as it can be synthesised from other amino acids by the body. However, making sure you get adequate protein will help to ensure you have enough tyrosine; either from animal sources or high protein plants like nuts, seeds and soya beans.

Probiotics

You might be surprised to learn that a healthy gut can support a healthy thyroid³. Where there is intestinal damage such as a leaky gut, antigens can cross over into the blood stream and activate an autoimmune response, such as in Grave’s Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis³. In fact it’s been found that these thyroid autoimmune diseases often coexist with gluten sensitivities or coeliac’s disease³. Leaky gut is an important consideration in autoimmune thyroid conditions – as both conditions can go hand in hand. Anyone with an autoimmune thyroid condition who has a leaky gut needs to remedy this to restore their health. Ingredients such as Glutamine, zinc carnosine, or collagen are all helpful for helping to repair intestinal damage, especially leaky gut.

 Supplementation of pre and probiotics has been found to be beneficial in those with intestinal damage, in particular with the Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium strains which are found to be low in people with autoimmune thyroid disease³. You can also keep your gut healthy by having a high fibre diet rich in fresh vegetables and wholegrains .

9. When is best to take vitamins for Thyroid function?

It’s advisable to try to meet your requirements of vitamins and minerals through a healthy well-balanced diet all of the time, rather than waiting until you have symptoms of hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism. This could protect you from future thyroid problems as well as support your general wellness. A multivitamin and mineral supplement could be taken to top up your levels of essential nutrients if required, and it is safe to do this on a regular, daily basis. For example Feel’s Multivitamin, which you can take daily, with or just after food.

10. 

How much of vitamins and minerals do I have to take for Thyroid daily?

This depends a lot on what thyroid condition you have, if any, and on your diet and current nutrient levels. Therefore, please always consult a healthcare provider or nutrition consultant to discuss, especially if you are on thyroid medications. They may carry out a blood test to determine your current vitamin and mineral levels.

11. Can vitamin deficiency cause Thyroid problems?

Patients with thyroid conditions have been typically found to have low levels of various nutrients including iodine^{3, iron5, zinc and selenium6, magnesium7, Vitamin D and B126, Vitamin E and B68. Scientists do believe there is a cause-and-effect relationship happening in many of these cases, since these vitamins and minerals act as important co-factors for the production and maintenance of thyroid hormones, or because of their role in supporting the immune system, such as in the case of vitamin D.}

12. 

Is an underactive thyroid a sign of vitamin deficiency?

If you have symptoms of hypothyroid (an underactive thyroid) then this may be due to a vitamin deficiency. Scientists think that autoimmune hypothyroidism may be caused by Vitamin D or Vitamin B12 deficiency⁶, and it has also been linked to low levels of Vitamins A and B6⁸, as well as the minerals discussed above. Gut health also plays a huge role in autoimmunity.

13. 

Is an overactive thyroid a sign of a vitamin deficiency?

An overactive thyroid is more likely to be caused by excess of iodine rather than a deficiency of this or other nutrients³. But don’t forget that some vitamins help regulate the immune system, and autoimmune disease is a common cause of both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions. In fact, Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to hyperthyroid Grave’s disease¹⁵.

14. 

What vitamins should I take to prevent Thyroid issues?

Getting the vitamins and minerals you need is always best through a healthy well-balanced diet where possible, but dietary supplements could also be considered. Some thyroid supplements available are a blend of nutrients considered beneficial for thyroid support, or you could use a high quality Multivitamin like Feel’s which contains good levels of all the nutrients required for thyroid functioning including Iodine and Iron which not all multivitamins contain. It’s also a good idea to ensure you have enough protein in your diet. This will ensure you have the amino acid tyrosine which is important for thyroid health, and it is protein rich foods that tend to have the highest levels of the vitamins and minerals required for a healthy thyroid too.

15. Where to buy vitamins for Thyroid?

Multivitamins are available very cheaply in supermarkets and other high street shops but these are often poor quality, with low levels of nutrients and in poor forms. You can buy high quality supplements from health food stores or online stores like The Natural Dispensary, or get your Feel Multivitamin directly from us.

16. 

How long does it take for vitamins to work for Thyroid function?

The good news is that making changes to your diet or supplement regime can bring about a positive effect quite quickly. Studies have found that dietary supplements have improved thyroid function after just 12 weeks⁶.

17.

Possible side-effects of taking vitamins for Thyroid?

As we have noted, it is really important to be careful when taking thyroid supplements, especially if you are taking thyroid medication or have a thyroid condition. There have been instances of people suffering from thyrotoxicosis through taking thyroid supplements or even high quantities of seaweed like kelp⁹.This is where the thyroid has become over-stimulated and produces an excess of thyroid hormones, which can lead to hyperthyroidism. It should also be remembered that some nutrients have a tolerable upper limit. Iodine’s tolerable upper limit is 1100 mcg and it is advised not to consume any more than 500 mcg daily, which includes food sources like kelp¹⁶.

If you have an underactive thyroid, it may be tempting to think taking high doses of supplements would help, but conversely, over stimulating the thyroid can actually decrease thyroid hormone production and make hypothyroid conditions worse, and this has been seen with B6⁸ as well as iodine³.

Calcium supplements have also been found to interfere with thyroid medication¹⁷.

For these reasons it’s important to consult a healthcare provider or nutritional consultant before taking thyroid supplements.

References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6166193/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465820/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353203/
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445676/
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6552785/
6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25758370/
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6028657/
8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21879475/
9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23758055/
10. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/
11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982439/
12. https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/nutrients/selenium
13. https://pubmed. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28829155/
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4798095/
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618598/
16. https://www.thyroid.org/american-thyroid-association-ata-issues-statement-on-the-potential-risks-of-excess-iodine-ingestion-and-exposure/
17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2293315/

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Which vitamins are better for adults to take in autumn? – article on the website Aptechestvo, Nizhny Novgorod

Vitamins are especially important in autumn, it is during this cold season that a person is most susceptible to colds and seasonal depression. The human body suffers due to the lack of summer sun, as a result, the quality of sleep deteriorates, efficiency decreases, and immunity decreases. To strengthen protective functions and prevent colds, doctors advise taking vitamin complexes. You can buy vitamins for good health, immunity and prevention of colds in autumn using the convenient mobile application “Pharmacy – low price pharmacies”, which presents a large catalog of products at competitive prices. Before taking it is necessary to consult a doctor.

What vitamins should adults take in autumn to prevent colds?

Autumn beriberi is a common occurrence in our country. The period of fresh fruits and vegetables is over, the amount of sunlight has decreased significantly, people spend most of their time indoors, which greatly reduces immunity, and their mood worsens.

To replenish vital vitamins and minerals, special vitamin complexes and supplements for men and women have been created, which provide reliable prevention from acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections. The most important vitamin for the prevention of colds and viral infections is ascorbic acid or vitamin C. It helps to strengthen the protective functions of the body, neutralizes free radicals, and takes an active part in hematopoiesis. Ascorbic acid is involved in almost all reactions of the body. Therefore, with any infectious disease, the need for this vitamin increases significantly.

To prevent colds, it is necessary to compensate for the deficiency of B vitamins:

• vitamin B2 or riboflavin should be taken to increase the body’s resistance to pathogenic infections;

• vitamin B1 or thiamine accelerates the recovery of the mucous tissues of the respiratory system;

• vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid has a vasodilating effect;

• vitamin B6 or pyridoxine helps to restore the sensitivity of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

During illness, doctors advise taking vitamin A or retinol. It participates in oxidative and healing processes, ensures the smooth functioning of the immune system, increases the barrier functions of the mucous membranes, and enhances the activity of leukocytes.

Another vitamin that needs to be taken in the fall is vitamin E or tocopherol. It will be useful both for a woman – to maintain her beauty, and for a man. What is its benefit:

• strengthens the immune system;

• protects body cells from premature aging;

• stops inflammatory processes.

With a lack of heat, sunlight worsens not only the mood, but also the state of the protective function of the body. Therefore, in the autumn you can not do without vitamin D. The most effective form of vitamin D for an adult is cholecalciferol or vitamin D3. It strengthens the immune system, supports the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, normal blood clotting, and helps suppress the activity of pathogens. Cholecalciferol stimulates the production of lymphokines. Lymphocins are biologically active substances synthesized by lymphocytes. With their help, immune cells cooperate, coordinate, acquiring the ability to instantly respond to infectious stimuli. As a result, the body becomes resistant to the effects of viral and bacterial infections that cause acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.

Multivitamins

Multivitamin complexes, which simultaneously contain vitamins of different groups, are most useful in the first months of autumn, when the body is under severe stress due to changes in weather and shortening of daylight hours. The drug and its composition are selected exclusively by the attending physician, taking into account the characteristics and needs of the patient. Properly selected multidrugs help:

• strengthen immunity;

• increase the level of stress resistance;

• improve mood, well-being;

• regain vitality.

Avitaminosis

Avitaminosis is the absence of one or more vitamins in the human body, or a problem with their absorption. The lack of vitamins affects, first of all, the immune defense of the body.
How to determine the lack of vitamins in the body and what complexes to take to replenish them?

Signs of beriberi may include:

• Skin problems (dry skin, cracked corners of the mouth, inflammation, skin heals slowly and recovers from cuts/injuries)
• Frequent colds
• Chronic fatigue, weakness, sleep disorder
• Hair loss, brittle nails

Vitamins are a source of active life. If you experience constant stress, do not get enough sleep, your work is associated with great physical or emotional stress, you have an unbalanced diet, you smoke, abuse alcohol, then you need much more vitamins.
Vitamin deficiency can be detected with a blood test.

A whole complex of vitamin preparations has now been developed and is available:

If you want to choose a vitamin complex on your own, you must first of all determine for what purposes: disease prevention, preservation of youth and beauty, immunity support or concomitant therapy for colds. Age criteria are just as important.

Today we will tell you about a complex of vitamins for the prevention of diseases. When choosing vitamins, it is necessary to take into account the composition and doses of vitamins and minerals that make up the complexes. Consider one of the popular complexes.

Vitrum plus – a balanced composition of vitamins and microelements. This is a complex for daily body support for adults. Differs from others in the content of Vanadium. Vanadium is an essential trace element that plays an important role in the work of the muscular, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Helps regulate carbohydrate metabolism.

Supradin and Berocca is a balanced vitamin and mineral complex. As part of increased dosages of vitamins of group B. Shown in the period of increased physical and mental stress, including after illness. The same goes for neurological disorders.

Selmevit intensive – vitamin-mineral complex is enhanced by the content of B vitamins and Selenium. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant, strengthens the immune system, normalizes the production of thyroid hormones.

Solgar Multi I are premium nutrients.
The product contains minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, boron, manganese, selenium, chromium, iodine) in an easily digestible organic form, unlike the above complexes. Also in the composition does not contain sugar, starch, yeast, gluten, synthetic preservatives and flavors.

Now Bounty ABC Plus Greens – premium nutrients.
Balanced composition, the complex is unique in that it contains algae, spirulina and chlorella to cleanse the body of heavy metals and metabolic products.
Oat bran powder to normalize digestion. For daily body support with a cleansing effect.

Vitamins/minerals	Vitrum plus	Supradin	Berocca	Selmevit intensive	Solgar multi I	Now Bounty
Vitamin A	1.72	3333 me		1	4.5	0.58
Vitamin E	13.5	10		15	12	8
Vitamin D	400	500 IU			5 mcg	5 mcg
Vitamin C	60	150	500	60	80	60
Vitamin B1 thiamine	1. 5	20	15	5	1.1	1.1
Vitamin B2 riboflavin	1.7	5	15	5	1.4	1.4
Pantothenic acid	10	11.6	23	15	6	6
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine	2	10	10	5	1.4	1.4
Folic acid	0. 4	1	0.4	400 mcg	200 mcg	200 mcg
Vitamin B12	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.025	0.025
Niacinamide	20	50	50	30		16
Biotin	0.3	0.25	0.15		0.5	0.5
Vitamin K1	25 mcg
Calcium	162	51. 3	100		120	200
Phosphorus	125	47		35.5		140
Magnesium	100	5	100	27.9	60	94
Iron	16	1.25			2.5	14
Iodine	150 mcg				150 mcg	150 mcg
Selenium	25 mcg			50 mcg	25 mcg	55 mcg
Chrome	25 mcg				25 mcg	40 mcg
Molybdenum	25 mcg	0. 1				50
Copper	2				1	1
Manganese						2
Zinc	15	0.5	1	7.5	10	10
Rutoside (rutin)				25	25
Thioctic acid				5
Vanadium	10 mcg
Beta carotene					4. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website