What are the common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis. How is the stomach flu transmitted. Who is at higher risk of contracting norovirus. What are effective ways to prevent the spread of rotavirus. How long do symptoms of viral gastroenteritis typically last.

Understanding Viral Gastroenteritis: The Stomach Flu Explained

Viral gastroenteritis, commonly known as the stomach flu, is an inflammation and irritation of the intestines caused by various viruses. Despite its name, it’s not related to influenza. This highly contagious illness can spread rapidly through close contact with infected individuals or via contaminated food, water, or surfaces.

The most common culprits behind viral gastroenteritis are norovirus and rotavirus, although adenoviruses and astroviruses can also cause the condition. The illness can affect people of all ages and is particularly prevalent in crowded environments such as schools, childcare facilities, nursing homes, and cruise ships.

Key Facts About Viral Gastroenteritis

• It’s a common illness affecting millions worldwide annually
• Symptoms typically appear 12-48 hours after exposure
• Duration of illness ranges from 1 to 14 days, depending on the virus
• Proper hand hygiene is crucial in preventing its spread

Recognizing the Symptoms of Stomach Flu

The onset of viral gastroenteritis symptoms is often sudden, with most people experiencing a rapid development of symptoms over 1-2 hours. While the specific symptoms may vary depending on the causative virus, there are several common signs to watch for:

• Watery diarrhea (more than three times per day)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal cramps and pain
• Fever or chills
• Headache, muscle aches, or joint pain
• Loss of appetite
• Sweating or clammy skin

Is bloody diarrhea a symptom of viral gastroenteritis. Generally, diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis isn’t bloody. The presence of blood in stool could indicate a more severe infection and warrants immediate medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Help

While most cases of viral gastroenteritis resolve on their own, certain symptoms should prompt you to seek emergency medical treatment:

• Diarrhea lasting more than two days without improvement
• Blood in stool
• Signs of dehydration (dry lips, dizziness, reduced urination)
• Infants developing diarrhea

For children, additional warning signs include sunken eyes and lack of tears when crying.

The Viral Culprits: Understanding the Causes of Gastroenteritis

Viral gastroenteritis can be caused by several different viruses, each with its own characteristics and patterns of transmission. Let’s explore the most common viral agents responsible for this illness:

Norovirus: The Leading Cause of Gastroenteritis

Norovirus is the most prevalent cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. This highly contagious virus can affect individuals of any age and is particularly common in crowded spaces. In the United States, norovirus outbreaks typically peak between November and April.

How long do norovirus symptoms typically last. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people infected with norovirus start feeling better within 1 to 3 days after symptom onset.

Rotavirus: A Common Threat to Young Children

Rotavirus primarily affects infants and young children, although it can be transmitted to adults as well. This virus is usually contracted and spread via the oral route, with symptoms typically appearing within two days of exposure.

Can adults contract rotavirus. Yes, while rotavirus is more common in children, adults can also become infected, especially those in close contact with infected children.

Adenovirus and Astrovirus: Less Common but Still Significant

Adenoviruses and astroviruses are less frequent causes of viral gastroenteritis but can still lead to significant outbreaks. Adenoviruses, in particular, may have a longer incubation period, with symptoms appearing 3 to 10 days after exposure.

Transmission and Risk Factors: How Stomach Flu Spreads

Understanding how viral gastroenteritis spreads is crucial for prevention. The viruses responsible for this illness are highly contagious and can be transmitted through various means:

• Close contact with infected individuals
• Consuming contaminated food or water
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth
• Sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus
• Poor hand hygiene, especially among food handlers

What factors increase the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis. Several factors can elevate an individual’s risk of becoming ill with stomach flu:

• Age: Children under 5 and older adults are at higher risk
• Weakened immune system
• Living or working in group settings (schools, nursing homes, etc.)
• Malnutrition, particularly low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• Recent travel to developing countries
• Use of antibiotics or antacids
• Engaging in anal intercourse

Prevention Strategies: Keeping Stomach Flu at Bay

While viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious, there are several effective strategies to reduce the risk of infection and prevent its spread:

Proper Hand Hygiene

Washing hands thoroughly and frequently is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of viral gastroenteritis. Use soap and water, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds, especially:

• Before preparing or eating food
• After using the bathroom
• After changing diapers
• After caring for someone who is ill

Food Safety Practices

Proper food handling and preparation can significantly reduce the risk of foodborne transmission:

• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly
• Cook foods to appropriate temperatures
• Avoid preparing food when you’re sick
• Refrigerate leftovers promptly

Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection

Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, especially in shared spaces. Use appropriate disinfectants that are effective against norovirus and other gastroenteritis-causing viruses.

Vaccination

Is there a vaccine available for viral gastroenteritis. While there isn’t a vaccine that protects against all forms of viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus vaccines are available and recommended for infants. These vaccines have significantly reduced the incidence of severe rotavirus infections in many countries.

Treatment Approaches: Managing Stomach Flu Symptoms

There is no specific cure for viral gastroenteritis, and antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, particularly dehydration.

Hydration

Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes is crucial in treating viral gastroenteritis. This can be achieved through:

• Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
• Clear broths
• Diluted fruit juices (for adults)
• Ice chips or popsicles (especially helpful for children)

In severe cases of dehydration, particularly in young children or older adults, intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Dietary Considerations

What should you eat when recovering from stomach flu. As you start to feel better, gradually reintroduce solid foods. The BRAT diet (Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast) is often recommended as these foods are easy to digest. Avoid fatty, sugary, or spicy foods until you’ve fully recovered.

Rest and Symptom Relief

Adequate rest is essential for recovery. Over-the-counter medications may help alleviate specific symptoms:

• Antipyretics for fever (e.g., acetaminophen)
• Anti-emetics for nausea and vomiting (under medical supervision)

It’s important to note that anti-diarrheal medications are generally not recommended, as they can prolong the illness in some cases.

Special Considerations: Viral Gastroenteritis in Vulnerable Populations

While viral gastroenteritis can affect anyone, certain groups are at higher risk of complications and may require special attention:

Infants and Young Children

Children, especially those under 5, are particularly susceptible to dehydration from gastroenteritis. Parents and caregivers should:

• Monitor fluid intake closely
• Watch for signs of dehydration (dry mouth, lack of tears, decreased urination)
• Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms are severe or persistent

Older Adults

Elderly individuals, particularly those in nursing homes or assisted living facilities, are at increased risk of severe illness from viral gastroenteritis. They may require closer monitoring and more aggressive hydration strategies.

Immunocompromised Individuals

People with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or living with HIV, may experience more severe and prolonged symptoms. They should seek medical attention promptly if they develop gastroenteritis.

Public Health Implications: Outbreaks and Prevention Strategies

Viral gastroenteritis can have significant public health implications, particularly when outbreaks occur in closed settings like schools, cruise ships, or healthcare facilities.

Outbreak Management

How are gastroenteritis outbreaks managed. Public health authorities typically respond to outbreaks by:

• Identifying and isolating affected individuals
• Implementing enhanced cleaning and disinfection protocols
• Promoting proper hand hygiene among staff and residents
• Restricting visitors and group activities when necessary

Surveillance and Reporting

Many countries have systems in place to monitor and track gastroenteritis outbreaks. This surveillance helps identify trends, detect new virus strains, and inform public health interventions.

Community Education

Public health agencies play a crucial role in educating communities about viral gastroenteritis prevention. This includes promoting proper hand hygiene, food safety practices, and recognizing the signs and symptoms of the illness.

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies for viral gastroenteritis, individuals and communities can take proactive steps to reduce the spread of this common but potentially serious illness. While the stomach flu can be uncomfortable and disruptive, with proper care and precautions, most people recover fully within a few days.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

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Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis can cause nausea and vomiting. You can get the virus that causes it from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces. Washing your hands often may help prevent it.

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of a number of viruses, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. This illness is also known as the stomach flu.

This highly contagious illness spreads through close contact with people who have the virus or through contaminated food or water.

It can easily spread in close quarters, such as:

• childcare facilities
• schools
• nursing homes
• cruise ships

This article will help you understand more about viral gastroenteritis including symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin shortly after infection. For example, symptoms caused by norovirus typically develop within 12 to 48 hours. Symptoms from adenoviruses may be delayed 3 to 10 days after contact.

Depending on which type of virus you’ve contracted, symptoms can last anywhere from 1 to 14 days. Symptoms often start suddenly over the course of 1 or 2 hours.

Symptoms can include:

• loose, watery diarrhea more than 3 times per day
• fever or chills
• nausea and vomiting
• headache, muscle aches, or joint aches
• sweating or clammy skin
• abdominal cramps and pain
• loss of appetite

Diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis isn’t usually bloody. Blood in your stool could be a sign of a more severe infection.

You should seek emergency medical treatment if:

• diarrhea has lasted for 2 days or more without getting less frequent
• your infant develops diarrhea
• blood is present in your diarrhea
• you show or see signs of dehydration, such as dry lips or dizziness

In addition to the above symptoms, you should seek emergency attention for your child if they have the appearance of sunken eyes or if they aren’t making tears when they cry.

Viral gastroenteritis is caused by a number of different viruses. It’s easy for these viruses to spread in group situations. Some of the ways the virus is transmitted include:

• eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
• being in close contact with someone who has the virus
• sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus
• touching contaminated surfaces
• not washing hands properly, especially food handlers

Viral gastroenteritis affects people of all ages all over the world. But some factors can increase the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis. People who are at a higher risk include:

• children under the age of 5
• older adults, especially those who live in nursing homes or assisted living facilities
• people with a compromised or weakened immune system
• those who are often in group settings, such as schools, dormitories, day care, religious gatherings, and other indoor group settings

Other factors that may increase the risk of becoming ill with viral gastroenteritis include:

• being malnourished, especially low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• recent travel to developing countries
• antibiotic or antacid use
• anal intercourse

Several different types of viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common include:

• norovirus
• rotavirus
• adenovirus
• astrovirus

Let’s look at each of these viruses in more detail.

Norovirus

Norovirus is highly contagious and can affect anyone at any age. It spreads through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, or by people who have the virus. Norovirus is common in crowded spaces.

Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. Most outbreaks in the United States occur between November and April.

Symptoms include:

• nausea
• diarrhea
• fever
• body aches

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people who become ill with norovirus start to feel better within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children. Those who contract it can then pass the virus to other children and adults. It’s usually contracted and transmitted via the mouth.

Symptoms typically appear within 2 days of infection and include:

• vomiting
• loss of appetite
• watery diarrhea that lasts anywhere from 3 to 8 days

A rotavirus vaccine was approved for infants in 2006. Early vaccination is recommended to prevent severe rotavirus illnesses in infants and small children.

Adenovirus

The adenovirus affects people of all ages. It can cause several types of illness, including gastroenteritis. The adenovirus can also cause common cold-like symptoms, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pink eye (conjunctivitis).

Children in daycare, especially those under 2 years of age, are more likely to get adenovirus.

Adenovirus is passed through the air via sneezing and coughing, by touching contaminated objects, or by touching the hands of someone with the virus.

Symptoms associated with adenovirus include:

• sore throat
• pink eye
• fever
• coughing
• runny nose

Most children will feel better within a few days of experiencing adenovirus symptoms. However, symptoms such as pink eye may last longer than a few days.

Astrovirus

Astrovirus is another virus that commonly causes gastroenteritis in children. Symptoms associated with astrovirus include:

• diarrhea
• headache
• mild dehydration
• stomach pain

The virus most often affects people in late winter and early spring. It’s transmitted through contact with a person who has the virus or via an infected surface or food.

Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 3 days after initial exposure, and the virus will usually go away within 1 to 4 days.

The main complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration, which can be quite severe in babies and young children. Viral gastroenteritis accounts for over 200,000 childhood deaths worldwide per year.

Other complications of viral gastroenteritis include:

• nutritional imbalances
• body weakness or fatigue
• muscle weakness

Dehydration can be life threatening. Call your doctor if you or your child have these symptoms:

• diarrhea lasting more than a few days
• blood in the stool
• confusion or lethargy
• dizziness or feeling like you’re going to faint
• nausea
• dry mouth
• an inability to produce tears
• no urine for more than 8 hours or urine that is dark yellow or brown
• sunken eyes
• sunken fontanel on an infant’s head

Dehydration that accompanies viral gastroenteritis can lead to several complications of its own. These include:

• brain swelling
• coma
• hypovolemic shock, a condition that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough fluid or blood
• kidney failure
• seizures

To prevent complications, get immediate medical attention if you or your child have symptoms of dehydration.

Most of the time, your medical history and physical exam are the basis for diagnosis, especially if there’s evidence that the virus is spreading through your community.

Your doctor may also order a stool sample to test for the type of virus, or to find out if your illness is caused by a parasitic or bacterial infection.

The main focus of treatment is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Over-the-counter oral rehydration solutions (OHS), such as Pedialyte, can be helpful in mild cases. These solutions are easy on your child’s stomach, and contain a balanced mixture of water and salts to replenish essential fluids and electrolytes.

These solutions are available at local pharmacies and don’t require a prescription. However, you should follow the instructions carefully.

Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Check with your physician before taking any over-the-counter medications.

Shop online for oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte and oral electrolyte products.

Treating diarrhea and vomiting

Diarrhea can be treated in adults with over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).

Your doctor may also prescribe probiotics to replace the healthy bacteria that’s lost during diarrhea or they may prescribe medications to treat severe vomiting.

What to eat and what to avoid

As you start to feel better and reintroduce foods into your diet, it’s best to opt for bland foods, such as:

• rice
• potatoes
• toast
• bananas
• applesauce

These foods are easier to digest and less likely to cause further stomach upset. Until you’re feeling better, you may want to avoid some types of foods, such as:

• fatty or fried foods
• caffeine
• alcohol
• sugary foods
• dairy products

Self-care steps

If you have viral gastroenteritis, consider these self-care measures to help ease your symptoms and prevent dehydration:

• Drink extra fluids with and between meals. If you have difficulty, try drinking very small amounts of water or sucking on ice chips.
• Avoid fruit juices. These don’t replace the minerals that you’ve lost and can actually increase diarrhea.
• Electrolytes. Children and adults can consume sports drinks to replenish electrolytes. Younger children and infants should use products formulated for children, such as OHS.
• Limit portion sizes. Try to eat food in smaller amounts to help your stomach recover.
• Get lots of rest. Prioritize getting at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. Don’t exert yourself until you feel that you have your usual level of energy and strength.
• Medications. Check with your doctor before taking medications or giving them to children. Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with a viral illness. This can cause Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life threatening condition.

Was this helpful?

In addition to rehydrating and resting, there are some natural and home remedies that may help you relieve the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis.

Heating pad or heat pack

If you have abdominal pain, try applying a low-temperature heating pad or a warm heat pack to your stomach. Cover the heating pad with a cloth and don’t leave it on for more than 15 minutes at a time.

The heat can help relax the muscles in your digestive tract and keep them from spasming.

Shop online for heating pads and heat packs.

Brown rice water

Some parents serve rice water to their children. This is the water that remains after boiling brown rice. It’s high in electrolytes and can help with rehydration.

To make rice water:

1. Boil 1 cup of rice and 2 cups of water for about 10 minutes until the water becomes cloudy.
2. Strain the rice and keep the water.
3. Cool the rice water before serving.

Ginger

Products containing ginger, such as ginger ale or ginger tea, may help soothe an upset stomach.

A 2019 review of studies found that a divided daily dose of 1,500 milligrams of ginger taken in two parts throughout the day may help reduce nausea. More research needs to be done on ginger’s ability to treat other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Shop online for ginger ale and ginger tea.

Mint

Mint may also have anti-nausea properties similar to those of ginger. Sipping a soothing mint tea may help you feel better.

Studies have found that peppermint oil may help relax the muscles in your gut. It also has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Shop online for mint tea.

Yogurt or kefir

Although dairy products should be avoided when you have your most acute symptoms, eating unflavored yogurt with live active cultures or drinking kefir may help restore your body’s natural bacterial balance after illness.

Shop online for plain yogurt and kefir.

Viral gastroenteritis can spread easily. However, there are some steps you can take to lower your risk of contracting the virus or passing it to others.

Prevention tips

• Wash your hands often, especially after using the bathroom and before food preparation. If necessary, use hand sanitizer until you can access soap and water.
• Don’t share kitchen utensils, plates, or towels if someone in your household is sick.
• Don’t eat raw or undercooked foods.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
• Take special precautions to avoid contaminated water and food when traveling. Avoid ice cubes and use bottled water whenever possible.
• Ask your doctor if you should have your infant vaccinated against rotavirus. There are two vaccines, and they’re generally started around 2 months old.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of several types of viruses.

Vomiting and diarrhea are among the most common symptoms. You can get viral gastroenteritis from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces.

Generally, viral gastroenteritis symptoms come on suddenly and pass quickly. If diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours, be sure to follow up with your doctor.

It’s also a good idea to get medical attention if your infant or young child develops diarrhea because it can lead to serious complications due to dehydration.

Viral Gastroenteritis (Stomach Flu): Symptoms and Treatment

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Here’s our process.

Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:

• Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
• Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
• Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?

We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness.

Read more about our vetting process.

Was this helpful?

Viral gastroenteritis can cause nausea and vomiting. You can get the virus that causes it from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces. Washing your hands often may help prevent it.

Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of a number of viruses, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus. This illness is also known as the stomach flu.

This highly contagious illness spreads through close contact with people who have the virus or through contaminated food or water.

It can easily spread in close quarters, such as:

• childcare facilities
• schools
• nursing homes
• cruise ships

This article will help you understand more about viral gastroenteritis including symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin shortly after infection. For example, symptoms caused by norovirus typically develop within 12 to 48 hours. Symptoms from adenoviruses may be delayed 3 to 10 days after contact.

Depending on which type of virus you’ve contracted, symptoms can last anywhere from 1 to 14 days. Symptoms often start suddenly over the course of 1 or 2 hours.

Symptoms can include:

• loose, watery diarrhea more than 3 times per day
• fever or chills
• nausea and vomiting
• headache, muscle aches, or joint aches
• sweating or clammy skin
• abdominal cramps and pain
• loss of appetite

Diarrhea caused by viral gastroenteritis isn’t usually bloody. Blood in your stool could be a sign of a more severe infection.

You should seek emergency medical treatment if:

• diarrhea has lasted for 2 days or more without getting less frequent
• your infant develops diarrhea
• blood is present in your diarrhea
• you show or see signs of dehydration, such as dry lips or dizziness

In addition to the above symptoms, you should seek emergency attention for your child if they have the appearance of sunken eyes or if they aren’t making tears when they cry.

Viral gastroenteritis is caused by a number of different viruses. It’s easy for these viruses to spread in group situations. Some of the ways the virus is transmitted include:

• eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
• being in close contact with someone who has the virus
• sharing utensils or other items with someone who has the virus
• touching contaminated surfaces
• not washing hands properly, especially food handlers

Viral gastroenteritis affects people of all ages all over the world. But some factors can increase the risk of contracting viral gastroenteritis. People who are at a higher risk include:

• children under the age of 5
• older adults, especially those who live in nursing homes or assisted living facilities
• people with a compromised or weakened immune system
• those who are often in group settings, such as schools, dormitories, day care, religious gatherings, and other indoor group settings

Other factors that may increase the risk of becoming ill with viral gastroenteritis include:

• being malnourished, especially low levels of vitamin A or zinc
• recent travel to developing countries
• antibiotic or antacid use
• anal intercourse

Several different types of viruses can cause viral gastroenteritis. The most common include:

• norovirus
• rotavirus
• adenovirus
• astrovirus

Let’s look at each of these viruses in more detail.

Norovirus

Norovirus is highly contagious and can affect anyone at any age. It spreads through contaminated food, water, and surfaces, or by people who have the virus. Norovirus is common in crowded spaces.

Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in the United States and worldwide. Most outbreaks in the United States occur between November and April.

Symptoms include:

• nausea
• diarrhea
• fever
• body aches

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most people who become ill with norovirus start to feel better within 1 to 3 days of symptom onset.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus commonly affects infants and young children. Those who contract it can then pass the virus to other children and adults. It’s usually contracted and transmitted via the mouth.

Symptoms typically appear within 2 days of infection and include:

• vomiting
• loss of appetite
• watery diarrhea that lasts anywhere from 3 to 8 days

A rotavirus vaccine was approved for infants in 2006. Early vaccination is recommended to prevent severe rotavirus illnesses in infants and small children.

Adenovirus

The adenovirus affects people of all ages. It can cause several types of illness, including gastroenteritis. The adenovirus can also cause common cold-like symptoms, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pink eye (conjunctivitis).

Children in daycare, especially those under 2 years of age, are more likely to get adenovirus.

Adenovirus is passed through the air via sneezing and coughing, by touching contaminated objects, or by touching the hands of someone with the virus.

Symptoms associated with adenovirus include:

• sore throat
• pink eye
• fever
• coughing
• runny nose

Most children will feel better within a few days of experiencing adenovirus symptoms. However, symptoms such as pink eye may last longer than a few days.

Astrovirus

Astrovirus is another virus that commonly causes gastroenteritis in children. Symptoms associated with astrovirus include:

• diarrhea
• headache
• mild dehydration
• stomach pain

The virus most often affects people in late winter and early spring. It’s transmitted through contact with a person who has the virus or via an infected surface or food.

Symptoms usually appear within 2 to 3 days after initial exposure, and the virus will usually go away within 1 to 4 days.

The main complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration, which can be quite severe in babies and young children. Viral gastroenteritis accounts for over 200,000 childhood deaths worldwide per year.

Other complications of viral gastroenteritis include:

• nutritional imbalances
• body weakness or fatigue
• muscle weakness

Dehydration can be life threatening. Call your doctor if you or your child have these symptoms:

• diarrhea lasting more than a few days
• blood in the stool
• confusion or lethargy
• dizziness or feeling like you’re going to faint
• nausea
• dry mouth
• an inability to produce tears
• no urine for more than 8 hours or urine that is dark yellow or brown
• sunken eyes
• sunken fontanel on an infant’s head

Dehydration that accompanies viral gastroenteritis can lead to several complications of its own. These include:

• brain swelling
• coma
• hypovolemic shock, a condition that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough fluid or blood
• kidney failure
• seizures

To prevent complications, get immediate medical attention if you or your child have symptoms of dehydration.

Most of the time, your medical history and physical exam are the basis for diagnosis, especially if there’s evidence that the virus is spreading through your community.

Your doctor may also order a stool sample to test for the type of virus, or to find out if your illness is caused by a parasitic or bacterial infection.

The main focus of treatment is to prevent dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Over-the-counter oral rehydration solutions (OHS), such as Pedialyte, can be helpful in mild cases. These solutions are easy on your child’s stomach, and contain a balanced mixture of water and salts to replenish essential fluids and electrolytes.

These solutions are available at local pharmacies and don’t require a prescription. However, you should follow the instructions carefully.

Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Check with your physician before taking any over-the-counter medications.

Shop online for oral rehydration solutions such as Pedialyte and oral electrolyte products.

Treating diarrhea and vomiting

Diarrhea can be treated in adults with over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) or bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).

Your doctor may also prescribe probiotics to replace the healthy bacteria that’s lost during diarrhea or they may prescribe medications to treat severe vomiting.

What to eat and what to avoid

As you start to feel better and reintroduce foods into your diet, it’s best to opt for bland foods, such as:

• rice
• potatoes
• toast
• bananas
• applesauce

These foods are easier to digest and less likely to cause further stomach upset. Until you’re feeling better, you may want to avoid some types of foods, such as:

• fatty or fried foods
• caffeine
• alcohol
• sugary foods
• dairy products

Self-care steps

If you have viral gastroenteritis, consider these self-care measures to help ease your symptoms and prevent dehydration:

• Drink extra fluids with and between meals. If you have difficulty, try drinking very small amounts of water or sucking on ice chips.
• Avoid fruit juices. These don’t replace the minerals that you’ve lost and can actually increase diarrhea.
• Electrolytes. Children and adults can consume sports drinks to replenish electrolytes. Younger children and infants should use products formulated for children, such as OHS.
• Limit portion sizes. Try to eat food in smaller amounts to help your stomach recover.
• Get lots of rest. Prioritize getting at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. Don’t exert yourself until you feel that you have your usual level of energy and strength.
• Medications. Check with your doctor before taking medications or giving them to children. Never give aspirin to children or teenagers with a viral illness. This can cause Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life threatening condition.

Was this helpful?

In addition to rehydrating and resting, there are some natural and home remedies that may help you relieve the symptoms of viral gastroenteritis.

Heating pad or heat pack

If you have abdominal pain, try applying a low-temperature heating pad or a warm heat pack to your stomach. Cover the heating pad with a cloth and don’t leave it on for more than 15 minutes at a time.

The heat can help relax the muscles in your digestive tract and keep them from spasming.

Shop online for heating pads and heat packs.

Brown rice water

Some parents serve rice water to their children. This is the water that remains after boiling brown rice. It’s high in electrolytes and can help with rehydration.

To make rice water:

1. Boil 1 cup of rice and 2 cups of water for about 10 minutes until the water becomes cloudy.
2. Strain the rice and keep the water.
3. Cool the rice water before serving.

Ginger

Products containing ginger, such as ginger ale or ginger tea, may help soothe an upset stomach.

A 2019 review of studies found that a divided daily dose of 1,500 milligrams of ginger taken in two parts throughout the day may help reduce nausea. More research needs to be done on ginger’s ability to treat other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Shop online for ginger ale and ginger tea.

Mint

Mint may also have anti-nausea properties similar to those of ginger. Sipping a soothing mint tea may help you feel better.

Studies have found that peppermint oil may help relax the muscles in your gut. It also has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Shop online for mint tea.

Yogurt or kefir

Although dairy products should be avoided when you have your most acute symptoms, eating unflavored yogurt with live active cultures or drinking kefir may help restore your body’s natural bacterial balance after illness.

Shop online for plain yogurt and kefir.

Viral gastroenteritis can spread easily. However, there are some steps you can take to lower your risk of contracting the virus or passing it to others.

Prevention tips

• Wash your hands often, especially after using the bathroom and before food preparation. If necessary, use hand sanitizer until you can access soap and water.
• Don’t share kitchen utensils, plates, or towels if someone in your household is sick.
• Don’t eat raw or undercooked foods.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
• Take special precautions to avoid contaminated water and food when traveling. Avoid ice cubes and use bottled water whenever possible.
• Ask your doctor if you should have your infant vaccinated against rotavirus. There are two vaccines, and they’re generally started around 2 months old.

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Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation and irritation of your intestines caused by one of several types of viruses.

Vomiting and diarrhea are among the most common symptoms. You can get viral gastroenteritis from other people or through contaminated foods, drinks, or surfaces.

Generally, viral gastroenteritis symptoms come on suddenly and pass quickly. If diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours, be sure to follow up with your doctor.

It’s also a good idea to get medical attention if your infant or young child develops diarrhea because it can lead to serious complications due to dehydration.

Gastroenterology – Private Doctor – medical center in Moscow, family doctor’s clinic: new cheryomushki, academic, Kaluga, trade union, South-West Administrative District medical center

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that studies the causes and mechanisms of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, develops new methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing gastroenterological diseases.
If you are concerned about: pain or discomfort in the abdomen of various localization, bloating, belching, heartburn, bitterness in the mouth, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea or constipation – do not postpone your visit to a gastroenterologist.

In general, the digestive system is very complex and very vulnerable. Our life is filled with stress, malnutrition, bad ecology, fast rhythm and haste. All this significantly affects the state of the gastrointestinal tract, so the number of patients with gastroenterological diseases is growing. As stated in one of the ancient Indian treatises, which is dated 1515 – “Know that diseases come from eating bad food or eating during illness.” Often, ineffective treatment or self-medication contributes to the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

A gastroenterologist diagnoses and treats such diseases as:

• Gastritis;
• Pancreatitis;
• Intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease or reflux esophagitis
• Ulcers of the duodenum and stomach;
• Colitis;
• Enteritis, enterocolitis,
• Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis,
• Hepatosis and hepatitis,
• Biliary dyskinesia,
• Irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation.

The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:

Gastritis is characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The general condition of a person worsens, pains, heaviness in the stomach, fatigue, weakness appear. Self-treatment in most cases leads to a chronic process. Gastritis is often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Only properly selected H.pylori therapy gives positive results in the treatment of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, the achievement of stable remission of these diseases for a long time.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease – if you are worried about heartburn, belching or chest pain, you should definitely see a gastroenterologist. You can not take soda on your own, as its intake leads to a violation of the acid-base balance in the blood. Only a doctor can identify the causes leading to reflux (insufficiency of the sphincter in the area of ​​​​the transition of the esophagus to the stomach (cardia insufficiency), hiatal hernia) and choose the right treatment to prevent such serious complications as erosion and ulcer of the esophagus, perforation of the esophagus.

Pancreatitis is a disease of the pancreas that requires immediate treatment and consultation with a gastroenterologist. Complications of the disease can be life-threatening or lead to serious consequences, up to pancreatic necrosis and death.
Intestinal dysbacteriosis is an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. When the “beneficial” flora of the intestine decreases or disappears, as a result, the absorption of nutrients is disturbed. Also, dysbacteriosis is characterized by increased multiplication of “harmful” bacteria in the intestines, which should normally be small, resulting in flatulence (bloating) and diarrhea (diarrhea). This disease is very common in both adults and children after taking antibiotics. The disease may be accompanied by: bloating, belching, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, skin and allergic manifestations, early aging of the body. Even slightly pronounced dysbacteriosis requires treatment, as it can lead to metabolic and immunological changes in the body.

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach are chronic diseases prone to relapse. Often an ulcer is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the epigastric region, weakness, the appearance of a “black” stool. During such a period, it is necessary to urgently contact a gastroenterologist and undergo a diagnosis, since peptic ulcer disease entails serious complications that can threaten a person’s life – gastric bleeding, perforation of the ulcer.

Colitis – inflammation and damage to the mucous membrane of the large intestine, which usually appears with various infections, malnutrition, poisoning, immune system disorders. Its symptoms are abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by the appearance of blood and mucus in the stool.

Cholecystitis is characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, which most often occurs as a result of ingestion of pathogenic bacteria or the development of gallstone disease. Stones in the gallbladder may not make themselves felt for a long time, but with banal infections, injuries or errors in the diet, an inflammatory process occurs in the gallbladder. If left untreated, this leads to purulent inflammation of the peritoneum, which requires immediate surgical intervention. If medical care is not provided within a few hours and an operation is performed, serious complications can follow, up to death from peritonitis and sepsis.

Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, which in the advanced stage threatens to ulcerate it. In the acute period of the disease, abdominal pain occurs, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness, and sometimes fever. Often with enteritis, the stomach and large intestine are involved in the inflammatory process.

Modern diagnostics of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract makes it possible to detect diseases of the digestive system even at the initial stage and includes the following examinations:

Blood tests – complete blood count; biochemical blood test for liver enzymes and samples; indicators of pigment metabolism of bilirubin; pancreatic enzymes; blood test for intestinal infections; helicobacter; viruses; protozoan and helminthic invasions.

Fecal tests – coprogram, fecal occult blood test, bile pigments; analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections, protozoa, worms.
Urinalysis for bile pigments.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy – endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum – provides complete information about the state of the mucosa and digestive disorders in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In addition, during gastroscopy, you can get 100% information about the presence of a Helicobacter pylori infection in a person’s stomach and determine cancer in the early stages. Therefore, gastroscopy is recommended in terms of clinical examination annually (!) To all patients over 45 years of age.

Colonoscopy — endoscopic examination of the mucosa of all parts of the large intestine. Colonoscopy allows early detection of diverticula, tumors, intestinal inflammation, detection of polyps and their endoscopic removal. Both gastroscopy and colonoscopy can optionally be performed in a “medicated” sleep state, i. under anesthesia. This makes the procedure easy and painless.

Abdominal ultrasound – helps the doctor to obtain accurate information about disorders in the structure and function of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

Urease breath test for Helicobacter Pylori is a method of non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by exhaled air. This method is very easily tolerated by patients, as it is a fast, accurate, safe and painless method, which is allowed even for children and pregnant women. It allows you to determine the effectiveness of the antimicrobial therapy for this infection.

Only an experienced gastroenterologist, having carefully collected all complaints, examined you objectively, analyzed your analyzes and examinations, can create a true picture of the disease, prescribe effective and modern therapy and save you from suffering.

Attention!!! Coronavirus! Flu!! SARS!!!

Influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)

Influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are in first place in terms of the number of people who fall ill every year

Despite constant efforts aimed at combating the pathogens of influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections, they still cannot be defeated.

Thousands of people die every year from influenza complications.

This is due to the fact that viruses, primarily influenza viruses and coronaviruses, have the ability to change their structure and a mutated virus is able to infect a person again. So, a person who has had the flu has a good immune barrier, but nevertheless, a new modified virus is able to easily penetrate through it, since the body has not yet developed immunity against this type of virus.

For whom is the most dangerous encounter with the virus?

The infection is especially difficult for children and the elderly, for these age groups the complications that can develop during the illness are very dangerous. Children get sick more severely due to the fact that their immune systems have not yet encountered this virus, and for the elderly, as well as for people with chronic diseases, the virus is dangerous due to a weakened immune system.

Risk groups

• Children

• People over 60

• People with chronic lung diseases (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

• People with chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system (congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, heart failure)

• Pregnant women

• Medical workers

• Workers of public transport, catering establishments

How does infection occur?

The infection is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through the smallest droplets of saliva or mucus that are released during sneezing, coughing and talking.

Contact transmission is also possible.

Symptoms

Depending on the specific type of pathogen, symptoms can vary significantly, both in severity and combination options.

• Temperature increase

• Chills, general malaise, weakness headache, muscle pain

• Decreased appetite, possible nausea and vomiting

• Conjunctivitis (possible)

• Diarrhea (possibly)

On average, the illness lasts about 5 days. If the temperature lasts longer, there may be complications.

Complications

The treatment of the disease is carried out under the supervision of a doctor who, only after examining the patient, prescribes a treatment regimen and gives other recommendations. The sick person should observe bed rest, eat well and drink more fluids.

Antibiotics

Taking antibiotics in the early days of illness is a big mistake.

Antibiotics are not able to cope with the virus, in addition, they adversely affect the normal microflora. Antibiotics are prescribed only by a doctor, only in case of complications caused by the addition of a bacterial infection. Taking antibacterial drugs as a preventive measure for the development of complications is dangerous and useless.

A sick person should stay at home and not pose a risk of infecting others.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated every year. The composition of the flu vaccine changes every year. First of all, vaccination is recommended for those who are at risk. The optimal time for vaccination is October-November. Children can be vaccinated against influenza from the age of 6 months.

Vaccines against most pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections have not been developed.

Checklist: Flu and Coronavirus Prevention

Influenza and coronavirus infections cause respiratory diseases of varying severity in humans. The symptoms of the disease are similar to those of a regular (seasonal) flu. The severity of the disease depends on a number of factors, including the general condition of the body and age.

Predisposed to the disease: the elderly, young children, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease), and with a weakened immune system.

RULE 1: WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY WITH SOAP

Clean and disinfect surfaces using household detergents.

Hand hygiene is an important measure to prevent the spread of influenza and coronavirus infection. Washing with soap removes viruses. If you cannot wash your hands with soap and water, use alcohol-based or disinfectant wipes.

Cleaning and regular disinfection of surfaces (tables, doorknobs, chairs, gadgets, etc.) removes viruses.

RULE 2. OBSERVE DISTANCE AND ETIQUETTE

distance of at least 1 meter from patients.

Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with hands. Influenza virus and coronavirus are spread in these ways.

Wear a mask or other available protective equipment to reduce the risk of illness.

When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with disposable tissues, which should be discarded after use.

Avoiding unnecessary travel and crowded places can reduce the risk of illness.

RULE 3: LIVE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

A healthy lifestyle increases the body’s resistance to infection. Follow a healthy regimen, including proper sleep, consumption of foods rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, physical activity.

RULE 4: PROTECT YOUR RESPIRATORY WITH A MEDICAL MASK

Among other preventive measures, the wearing of masks, which limits the spread of the virus, is of particular importance.

Medical masks for respiratory protection are used:

– when visiting crowded places, traveling in public transport during the period of increasing incidence of acute respiratory viral infections;

– when caring for patients with acute respiratory viral infections;

– when communicating with persons with signs of an acute respiratory viral infection;

– at risks of infection with other infections transmitted by airborne droplets.

HOW TO WEAR A MASK CORRECTLY?

Masks may be of different designs. They can be disposable or can be used multiple times. There are masks that last 2, 4, 6 hours. The cost of these masks is different, due to different impregnation. But you can not wear the same mask all the time, thereby you can infect yourself twice. Which side inside to wear a medical mask is unprincipled.

To protect yourself from infection, it is extremely important to wear it correctly:

– the mask must be carefully fastened, tightly cover the mouth and nose, leaving no gaps;

– try not to touch the surfaces of the mask when removing it, if you touch it, wash your hands thoroughly with soap or alcohol;

– a wet or damp mask should be changed to a new, dry one;

– do not reuse a disposable mask;

– The used disposable mask should be immediately discarded.

When caring for a sick person, after contact with the sick person, the mask should be removed immediately. After removing the mask, wash your hands immediately and thoroughly.

Mask is appropriate when you are in a crowded place, in public transport, and when caring for the sick, but it is not practical in the open air.

Breathing fresh air while outdoors is beneficial and masks should not be worn.

However, doctors remind that this single measure does not provide complete protection against the disease. In addition to wearing a mask, other preventive measures must be observed.

RULE 5. WHAT TO DO IF YOU HAVE THE FLU, CORONAVIRUS INFECTION?

Stay at home and seek immediate medical attention.

Follow your doctor’s instructions to stay in bed and drink plenty of fluids.

WHAT ARE THE FLU/CORONAVIRUS SYMPTOMS Fever, chills, headache, weakness, nasal congestion, cough, shortness of breath, muscle pain, conjunctivitis.

In some cases, there may be symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

COMPLICATIONS

Viral pneumonia is the leading complication. Viral pneumonia worsens rapidly, and many patients develop respiratory failure within 24 hours, requiring immediate respiratory support with mechanical ventilation.

Promptly started treatment helps to alleviate the severity of the disease.

Call a doctor.

Give the patient a separate room in the house. If this is not possible, keep a distance of at least 1 meter from the patient.

Minimize contact between sick people and loved ones, especially children, the elderly and people with chronic illnesses.
Ventilate the room frequently.

Maintain cleanliness by washing and disinfecting surfaces as often as possible with household detergents.

Wash your hands often with soap and water.

When caring for a sick person, cover your mouth and nose with a mask or other protective equipment (kerchief, scarf, etc.

).
Only one family member should care for the sick person.

Hygiene in case of influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections

What should you do during the period of active circulation of influenza, coronavirus infection and other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in order to prevent your own infection and protect others if you get sick?

The causative agents of all these diseases are highly contagious and transmitted mainly by airborne droplets.

When sneezing and coughing, microdroplets of saliva, sputum and respiratory secretions that contain viruses spread around a sick person in the air. Larger droplets settle on surrounding objects and surfaces, small ones remain in the air for a long time and are transported over distances of up to several hundred meters, while viruses retain the ability to infect from several hours to several days. The main measures of hygienic prevention are aimed at preventing contact of healthy people with virus-containing particles of the secretions of a sick person.

Compliance with the following hygiene rules will significantly reduce the risk of infection or further spread of influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory infections.

.

How not to get infected

• Wash hands after visiting any public places, transport, touching doorknobs, money, office equipment for public use in the workplace, before eating and preparing food. Pay special attention to thoroughly lathering (at least 20 seconds), and then completely drying your hands.

• After returning home from the street, wash hands and face with soap and rinse the nose with isotonic saline.

• Touch face, eyes only with freshly washed hands. If soap and water are not available, use alcohol-based hand sanitizers to clean hands. Or use a disposable tissue, if necessary touch the eyes or nose

• Wear a disposable medical mask in public places and transport.

  You need to change the mask to a new one every 2-3 hours, you cannot reuse the mask.

• Prefer sleek hairstyles when you are in crowded places, loose hair, often in contact with the face, increases the risk of infection.

• Avoid close contact and stay in the same room with people who have visible signs of SARS (coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge).

• Do not touch doorknobs, railings, other objects or surfaces in public spaces with bare hands.

• Limit welcome handshakes, kisses and hugs.

• Ventilate rooms more often.

• Do not share towels.

How not to infect others

• Minimize

  contacts with healthy people (greeting handshakes, kisses).

• If you feel unwell but have to communicate with other people or use public transport, use a disposable mask, be sure to change it for a new one every hour.