Vulval cysts | DermNet

Authors: Dr Yi Jia Lee, Resident Medical Officer, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Dr Varitsara Mangkorntongsakul, Senior Medical Officer, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. November 2020

What is a vulval cyst?

A vulval cyst is an encapsulated lesion that contains fluid or semi-fluid material occurring on the external female genitalia. Vulval cysts can develop from any of the structures normally found in this complex area.

Who gets vulval cysts?

Females of any age can present with a vulval cyst; however, a particular type of cyst may be more common in a specific age group.

What causes vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts can be developmental, genetic, post-traumatic, or spontaneous.

What are the clinical features of vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts are dome-shaped, firm or fluctuant, discrete lesions which may be asymptomatic and noticed incidentally, or present due to pain or dyspareunia which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent. The location or distribution of the cysts can be characteristic for a particular type of cyst.

See Vulval cyst images.

Common cutaneous cysts on the vulva

Milium

Vulval milia are 1–2 mm, white cysts very commonly seen on examination of the labia of older women. The patient may be aware of the multiple small lumps, but typically they are asymptomatic and an incidental finding.

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cysts are commonly found on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora of middle-aged and elderly women. The cysts may be solitary or multiple, spontaneous or post-surgical, usually presenting as a painless lump up to a centimetre in diameter. Giant epidermoid cyst of the vulva has been described.

Cysts specific to the vulval area

Bartholin and Skene duct cysts

Cysts of the Bartholin gland or Skene duct contain clear mucoid fluid. Bartholin glands are located towards the back and side of the introitus at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. Skene glands are adjacent to the distal urethra. Cysts may present as a lump, or as painful swelling if the cyst has become infected and an abscess has formed. Bartholin duct cysts are reported to affect 2% of adult women at some time in their life. Skene duct cysts can also present in neonates. Diagnosis is usually made by the anatomic location of the cyst.

Vestibular mucinous cyst

Mucinous cysts develop from minor vestibular glands found on the inner labia minora along Hart lines. Cysts may be found incidentally, present as a palpable lump noticed by the patient, or cause pain should the cyst become inflamed. Vestibular mucinous cysts typically develop between puberty and the fourth decade.

Cyst of the canal of Nuck

A cyst of the canal of Nuck is a developmental anomaly due to incomplete closure of the round ligament and is the equivalent of a spermatic cord hydrocele in males. It presents as a skin-coloured, asymptomatic swelling located in the inguinal area and labium majorum, resembling an inguinal hernia. It is usually detected by five years of age.

Gartner cyst

A Gartner, or mesonephric, cyst develops in remnants of an incompletely regressed mesonephric duct. The mesonephric duct forms the male sexual organs, so should regress completely in the female fetus. Persistent mesonephric duct remnants in a female are usually associated with congenital abnormalities of the metanephric urinary system such as an ectopic ureter, unilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia. A Gartner cyst is a small solitary unilateral cyst on the front vaginal wall towards one side, which may bulge to present as an interlabial mass in late adolescence.

Ciliated cyst of the vulva

At the ninth week of gestation, the paramesonephric duct develops into the fallopian tube. Remnants of this duct can form a ciliated, or paramesonephric, cyst found incidentally on the labium majorum during pregnancy, puberty, or with other hormonal influences. The lesion is usually a single cyst cavity, 1–3 cm in diameter, and drains clear or amber-coloured fluid if ruptured.

Cutaneous cysts that may occur on the vulva

Eruptive vellus hair cysts

Eruptive vellus hair cysts present as multiple small yellow-brown papules usually on the front of the trunk but have been rarely reported on the labia majora.

Steatocystoma

Steatocystoma is an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in an abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. The resultant skin papules drain an oily fluid when punctured. Involvement localised to the vulva has been rarely reported as a late-onset sporadic condition.

Pilonidal cyst

Pilonidal disease is usually found at the upper end of the gluteal cleft, but has been reported as a painless papule or nodule on the vulva, particularly in the area around the clitoris, due to an ingrown hair forming a dermoid cyst.

Endometriosis

Cutaneous endometriosis can rarely occur on the vulva at the site of previous obstetric or surgical trauma. It presents as nodules, patches, or cysts filled with fresh or clotted blood.

What are the complications of vulval cysts?

• Cyst rupture
• Inflammation and infection
• Pressure effects
• Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)

How is a vulval cyst diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a vulval cyst is usually clinical based on the age at presentation, location, and appearance. Ultrasound examination or histology of a skin biopsy or excision specimen may sometimes be required.

What is the differential diagnosis for a vulval cyst?

• Vascular lesions — cherry angioma, angiokeratoma, haemangioma, varicosities
• Infections — viral wart, herpes simplex virus, bullous impetigo
• Inflammatory conditions — sebaceous adenitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, bullous fixed drug eruption
• Vulval cancer

What is the treatment for a vulval cyst?

The majority of vulval cysts do not require treatment once the diagnosis has been made. Cysts may be drained, marsupialised, extracted, or excised.

What is the outcome for a vulval cyst?

Vulval cysts are generally benign. Some may resolve or rupture spontaneously. Recurrence can follow surgical intervention particularly if the entire cyst wall has not been removed.

Epidermoid cyst | DermNet

Author: Megan Lam, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. DermNet NZ Editor in Chief: Adjunct A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. April 2020.

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What is an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst is a benign cyst derived from the infundibulum or upper portion of a hair follicle, encapsulated in a thin layer of epidermis-like epithelium. Epidermoid cysts are typically filled with keratin and lipid-rich debris [1,2].

Synonyms for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Epidermal cyst
• Epidermal inclusion cyst
• Epithelial cyst
• Follicular infundibular cyst
• Infundibular cyst
• Keratin cyst
• Sebaceous cyst (this is a common misnomer, as these cysts do not involve sebaceous glands, nor do they contain sebum).

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Palpating an epidermoid cyst

Who gets an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women [3].

Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include [1]:

• Gardner syndrome
• Pachyonychia congenita type 2
• Basal cell naevus syndrome.

Syndromes associated with epidermoid cysts

Gardner syndrome

What causes an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst generally results from an occluded pilosebaceous unit.

On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac [2].

What are the clinical features of an epidermoid cyst?

The clinical features of an epidermoid cyst include [4]:

• A firm, flesh-coloured or yellowish round papule or nodule fixed to the skin surface but typically mobile over deeper layers
• Diameter 1–3 cm
• A central punctum
• Foul-smelling cheesy debris can be expressed from the central punctum.

Epidermoid cysts are most common on the central trunk (eg, chest and shoulders) and face but can occur almost anywhere on the body. Epidermoid cysts are common the scrotum and vulva. They may be solitary or multiple, and are generally asymptomatic.

Ruptured cyst

What are the complications of an epidermoid cyst?

Rupture of the cyst contents into the dermis results in swelling, redness, and tenderness. This can be due to trauma or bacterial infection, commonly by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and group A streptococcus [1].

Surgical excision can lead to bleeding, secondary bacterial infection, and scarring. If the cyst has ruptured, or the capsule is not removed in its entirety, the cyst may recur.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma may very rarely arise within an epidermoid cyst [5].

Inflamed cyst

How is an epidermoid cyst diagnosed?

The diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst is usually made clinically.

Biopsy is usually not required but the lesion may be excised for cosmetic reasons or due to complications. Histological features of an epidermoid cyst include [1]:

• A cystic structure in the dermis
• A single cavity (unilocular)
• An epithelial lining without rete ridges and with a granular layer with keratinohyaline granules.

Ultrasound can be used in the initial evaluation of a soft tissue mass but is not usually required for a typical epidermoid cyst.

What is the differential diagnosis for an epidermoid cyst?

Differential diagnoses for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Lipoma — a mobile 2–10 cm dome or egg-shaped subcutaneous lump with a rubbery or soft and smooth consistency
• Trichilemmal cyst — a firm, mobile, 0.5–5 cm subcutaneous nodule without a central punctum, usually presenting on the scalp; it has a thick capsule and is not typically prone to rupture
• Acne pseudocyst — this lacks a capsule and is associated with other signs of acne such as comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules
• Myxoid pseudocyst — a shiny papule arising at the end of a digit
• Dermoid cyst — this has epidermal and dermal components and arises in early childhood
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related epidermal cyst — a lesion with a hard, keratinous surface.

What is the treatment for an epidermoid cyst?

Most small uncomplicated epidermoid cysts will not require treatment.

The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence [6]. This can be difficult to achieve following cyst rupture. Histological examination of the surgical specimen is recommended due to the small risk of malignant transformation and misdiagnosis [6].

In cases of infection, initial antibiotics, incision and drainage may be indicated.

What is the outcome for an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention [1].

References

1. Zito PM, Scharf R. Cyst, Epidermoid (Sebaceous Cyst) [Updated 2019 Dec 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
2. Cuda JD, Rangwala S, Taube JM. Benign Epithelial Tumors, Hamartomas, and Hyperplasias. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, Orringer JS. Eds. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
3. Weir CB, St.Hilaire NJ. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst. [Updated 2019 Dec 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
4. Endrizzi B. Benign Tumors and Vascular Lesions. In: Soutor C, Hordinsky MK. Eds. Clinical Dermatology. 1st edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
5. Frank E, Macias D, Hondorp B, Kerstetter J, Inman JC. Incidental squamous cell carcinoma in an epidermal inclusion cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Dermatol. 2018;10(1):61-8. doi:10.1159/000487794. PubMed Central
6. Wollina U, Langner D, Tchernev G, França K, Lotti T. Epidermoid cysts – a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and successful treatment by surgery: a retrospective 10-year analysis and literature review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(1):28–30. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.027. PubMed Central

On DermNet

• Epidermoid cyst pathology
• Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
• Trichilemmal cyst

Other websites

• Epidermoid cysts — Mayo Clinic Resource

Books about skin diseases

• Books about the skin
• Dermatology Made Easy book

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Operative gynecology

Treatment of formations of the vulva and vagina.

Most benign diseases of the vulva and vagina are asymptomatic or with minimal manifestations, and do not cause much discomfort to a woman. Virtually all formations of the vulva and vagina require surgical treatment, since such a correction is optimal in terms of preventing recurrence or the development of any additional symptoms.

The TN-Clinic performs minimally invasive surgical interventions for diseases of the vulva and vagina. Experienced gynecological surgeons, Ph.D. with many years of experience, use classical and innovative surgical techniques, which minimizes complications and significantly reduces the recovery period.

Vulvar and vaginal masses: general information

Benign diseases of the vulva and vagina occur in women of different age groups – in girls and girls, patients of reproductive, middle and old age. Distinguish:

• retention cysts (tumor-like formations – Bartholin gland cyst, epidermal cyst, cyst of the vaginal wall and others),
• benign tumors (angioma, lipoma, myxoma, papillary hydradenoma, vaginal fibroma and others),
• other benign lesions (kraurosis, leukoplakia and others).

A number of diseases are formations that are relatively safe in terms of transition to malignant tumors (cysts), others may be precancerous conditions (leukoplakia, kraurosis). In the case of cysts and benign tumors, modern surgical treatment is the best type of medical correction. A timely operation allows not only to get rid of the symptoms and restore intimate comfort, but also to prevent the further development of malignant diseases of the female reproductive system.

Symptoms

Cysts

Formations can reach an impressive size (up to several cm), and in this case they cause physical discomfort, difficulty and pain during intimate contacts, and with large cysts, even when sitting or walking. In the absence of an inflammatory reaction, the cysts themselves are usually painless.

Benign tumors

Deliver discomfort only in case of large sizes. Usually painless.

Causes and development

• Retention cysts are formed due to obstruction of the excretory duct of one of the glands (Bartholin, sebaceous, sweat and others). They increase due to the large volume of fluid inside the cyst.
• Benign tumors are formed as a result of the growth of cells of any tissue. So, angiomas are formed from blood or lymphatic capillaries, arterioles or venules that can grow into nearby tissues, lipoma – from adipose tissue, papillary hydradenoma – from sweat gland tissues.
• Other benign lesions are inflammatory, ulcerative, degenerative changes in the mucous membranes and skin in the vulva. Changes in cells and their uncontrolled growth occur under the influence of various factors, individual in each case (hormonal levels, exposure to toxic substances, trauma, etc.).

Surgical treatment at the TN Clinic

The TN-Clinic performs minimally invasive surgical operations using modern equipment, with the participation of experienced highly qualified gynecological surgeons.

Before the operation

Consultation of the following specialists is required:

• therapists,
• anesthesiologists,
• cardiologists.

Research results needed:

• ECG,
• ultrasound,
• laboratory diagnostics: including general and biochemical blood tests, urinalysis, tests for sexually transmitted diseases, etc.

The volume of research is determined by the doctor depending on the general health of the woman and her health deviations. Standard studies can be supplemented with other tests, about which the patient will be informed in advance.

Before surgery, a range of restrictions and contraindications is also determined, which, as a rule, are similar for all gynecological interventions: severe chronic diseases in the acute stage, active infectious processes, heart, lung or kidney failure, pregnancy, and others.

Operations are carried out on an outpatient basis, in an equipped operating room, under local anesthesia and take 20-30 minutes or a little more.

During surgery for a cyst of the Bartholin gland, marsupialization is most often performed (restoration of the patency of the excretory duct of the gland), in the case of other types of cysts, removal without injuring the surrounding tissues.

Removal of benign tumors is indicated for large sizes and progressive growth of formations.

The recovery period after removal of a cyst or a benign tumor depends on the technique of the operation and the extent of the intervention. Operations at the TN-Clinic are performed on an outpatient basis, the patient stays in the day hospital for several hours, then goes home.

It is necessary to comply with all restrictions of the recovery period – the patient’s discipline determines the speed of returning to the usual rhythm of life.

Not allowed within 4 weeks:

physical activity,
bathing,
visiting saunas and swimming pools,
intimate contacts.

Timely removal of cysts or benign tumors of the vulva and vagina is the main condition for restoring intimate comfort. In the TN-Clinic, preparation for surgery, the actual surgical intervention and a short period after surgery are carried out in comfortable conditions, with the participation of friendly and sensitive medical staff, which guarantees not only a quick recovery, but also an excellent mood for our patients!

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Vaginal cyst, Gartner’s tract cyst: PHOTO, symptoms

Gynecological Clinic – “Women’s Health Resort Clinic”

Articles about diseases

Vaginal cyst, Hartner tract cyst: diagnosis and treatment

The cost of visiting a gynecologist

Authors of the article: candidate of medical sciences – O. Yu.Ermolaev, experienced gynecologist, physiotherapist-health resort specialist – E.K.Ermolaeva

Gartner’s duct cyst is often referred to as a “vaginal cyst”.

The Gartner tract cyst is located in the broad ligament of the uterus along the lateral wall of the uterus and vagina.

Vaginal cyst, Gartner duct cyst is a rudimentary cyst, i.e. formed from the remnants of the embryonic Wolfian stream. The duct is symmetrical, but the vaginal cyst is rarely bilateral.

Vaginal cyst, Gartner’s passage cyst in most cases is small.

Clinically, the cyst of the vagina manifests itself only when it reaches the wall of the vagina. Women note the “appearance of an elastic bubble” in the vagina when straining.

Sometimes, when straining, this “bubble” completely blocks the entrance to the vagina and is easily painlessly reduced with a finger, or disappears spontaneously (spontaneously) at rest and the woman is lying on her back.

Pay attention to the excellent quality of the photographs taken with our colposcope.

You can find photos of vaginal cysts, cysts of Gartner’s tract, performed by us, on many Russian and foreign sites and in textbooks.

Suppuration of the cyst of the Gartner’s passage is rarely observed.

Suppuration of the Gartner’s tract cyst, vaginal cyst is accompanied by general symptoms of the inflammatory process: pain in the corresponding side of the vagina during exercise, at rest and during sexual intercourse; possible weakness, increased fatigue.

At the beginning of the inflammatory process, the pain in the vagina is aching in nature; with the “maturation” of the pain process, they acquire a pulsating character.

With a digital examination of the vagina, the area of ​​​​the cyst of the Gartner passage, the cyst of the vagina is sharply painful.

The temperature in the vagina due to an inflammatory reaction at any time of the day is 0.3° C or more higher than in the anus or axilla.

If left untreated, purulent fusion of tissues occurs, a fistula (hole) is formed, and pus is poured into the vagina.

Gartner’s passage cyst, vaginal cyst does not interfere with conception and pregnancy.

The cyst of the vagina does not interfere with the process of childbirth and the fetus does not injure, due to its elasticity and ability to “reset”.

Alternative treatment of cysts of Gartner’s course, cysts of the vagina with herbs does not exist.

A cyst of Gartner’s passage, a cyst of the vagina with a small size does not require surgical treatment.

Surgical treatment of vaginal cysts is resorted to when suppuration or cyst reaches a size that makes it difficult to have sexual intercourse.

A number of patients of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic note as a positive moment during sexual intercourse REDUCTION OF THE VAGINA VOLUME due to a cyst that appears with a conscious slight straining.

There is no prevention of the formation, growth or suppuration of a Gartner’s passage cyst, a vaginal cyst.

There are NO LIMITATIONS and features of nutrition, sexual intimacy with a cyst of Gartner’s passage.

It is advisable to AVOID strenuous exercise.

OBSERVATION of the condition of the Gartner’s passage cyst, vaginal cyst is carried out with a regularity of 1 time in 5-6 months.

In the Women’s Health Resort Clinic, it is possible to perform an examination in order to EXACTLY identify the cyst of the Gartner tract and malformations of the genital organs.

Long-term experience of scientific and practical work and the availability of expert-class devices with 3D/4D and elastography modes allow us to implement modern diagnostic techniques and solve diagnostic problems of any complexity.

The remote high-density LED-monitor of the ultrasound device allows the doctor to comment on the dynamic (“live”) image, and the patient to actively participate in the discussion of what he saw.

The capabilities of the diagnostic devices of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic are presented on the website in the articles Colposcopy, Ultrasound of the small pelvis, Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.

Doctors and midwives of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic are ALWAYS READY for regular patients, if face-to-face treatment is impossible, TO COMMENT remotely (by phone, on the Internet) on an existing or new situation and suggest ways to solve it.

Leading specialists in the treatment of vaginal cysts, Gartner’s tract cysts in the Southern Federal District

Ermolaeva Elvira Kadirovna

He is a well-known and recognized specialist in the North Caucasus in the diagnosis and treatment of vaginal cysts, cysts of the Gartner’s passage.

Gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, physiotherapist-resortologist.

Elvira Kadirovna is approached by women who want to improve the aesthetics of the genitals, reduce the vagina and refresh intimate relationships from all regions of Russia and foreign countries.

Ermolaev Oleg Yurievich

Candidate of Medical Sciences, operating gynecologist with 30 years of successful experience in the treatment of vaginal cysts, Gartner’s tract cysts.

Able to see relationships that elude others.

INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION of the reputation and achievements of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic in the development and implementation of effective and safe treatment methods and the quality of the medical services provided IS THE AWARDING of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic in Pyatigorsk with the SIQS International QUALITY CERTIFICATE in the field of medicine and healthcare. International Socratic Committee, Oxford, UK and Swiss Institute for Quality Standards, Zurich, SWITZERLAND. Read more…

Each doctor of the Clinic has long experience, several specializations and is able to comprehensively assess the situation.

The women’s health spa clinic is open EXCLUDING DAYS AND PUBLIC DAYS:

Monday – Friday from 8.00 to 20.00,
Saturday – Sunday from 8.00 to 17.00.

Treatment of vaginal cysts, cysts of Gartner’s passage by appointment by multi-channel phone 8 (800) 500-52-74 (toll-free in Russia), or +7 (928) 022-05-32 (for foreign calls).

Ask a QUESTION ONLINE about the treatment of vaginal cysts in Pyatigorsk at [email protected]

SIGN UP online for the treatment of vaginal cysts here

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With respect for the religion and different habits of our Patients, we achieve high efficiency and comfort of treatment.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can a vaginal cyst be treated? K.Kh., Mineralnye Vody.

Answer:

With a small size of the Gartner’s passage cyst (vaginal cyst), surgical treatment is not required.
Surgical treatment of vaginal cysts is resorted to when suppuration or the cyst of the vagina reaches a size that makes it difficult to have sexual intercourse.
Herbal treatment, alternative and other treatment that promotes the resorption of the Gartner’s cyst (vaginal cyst) does not exist.

I have a paraovarian cyst next to the right ovary with a transition to the posterior fornix, almost 7 cm in size. Will it be able to resolve if it has a hole from which pus comes out when you touch it. Z.M., Cherkessk.

Answer:

Judging by the description, we are talking about the resolution (breakthrough) of a festering cyst of the Gartner passage into the vagina. Even after complete evacuation of the pus, the cyst of the Gartner passage will not disappear (“it will not resolve”).

Gartner’s tract cyst is a contraindication to spa treatment in Pyatigorsk? N.I., Moscow.

Answer:

Gartner’s passage cyst, vaginal cyst is not a contraindication to spa treatment in Pyatigorsk, but requires restrictions: gynecological massage, mud tampons, mud panties and body wraps, including galvanic mud and electric mud, are not desirable.

I have a small vaginal cyst. The gynecologist took a puncture for cytology, but there was no fluid at all, only mucus. She prescribed tampons with troxevasin ointment for 7-10 days. Maybe it was not necessary to do a puncture? Or was the treatment correct? What would be your actions? A.N., Nalchik.

Answer:

It is pointless to discuss what has already been done. The cyst of the vagina does not resolve.

I have a vaginal cyst. The doctor said it was a Gartner duct cyst.
After childbirth, the vaginal cyst increased from 3 by 4 to 5 by 6 cm. Sometimes I feel discomfort. Is it possible to remove a vaginal cyst and what are the consequences after that? V.A., Essentuki.

Answer:

Removal of a Gartner’s tract cyst is a technically difficult operation. There are no specific (characteristic only for this operation) consequences of surgical treatment, there are no relapses (recurrence) of the Gartner’s cyst. But you should always take into account possible general surgical complications.
Thus, if the vaginal cyst (Hartner’s passage cyst) does not cause severe discomfort, further observation is possible.

Is it possible to treat vaginal cysts simultaneously in gynecological and therapeutic programs? What will be the results and planned cost of treatment?

Answer:

We consider a woman/girl as a whole and treat not a disease, but a suffering (sick) person!
We provide a combination of gynecological and therapeutic treatment programs. And in fact, we always adjust the treatment of vaginal cysts, taking into account concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and respiratory systems.
The procedures are combined in such a way that each subsequent one potentiates (strengthens) the action of the previous ones.
The cost of the combined (combined) treatment program, as a rule, exceeds the cost of the main treatment program by no more than 15%.
Sincerely, Chief Physician of the Women’s Health Resort Clinic, Ph.D. honey. Sciences O.Yu. Ermolaev.

Can a Gartner’s tract cyst affect the narrowing of the vagina? M.