When does multiple sclerosis typically develop. How is late-onset MS different from early-onset MS. What are the common symptoms of late-onset multiple sclerosis. How is late-onset MS diagnosed and treated.

Understanding Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis (LOMS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition affecting the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. While MS typically manifests in adults between 20 and 40 years old, some individuals experience a later onset of the disease. This variant, known as late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS), occurs in people aged 50 and older.

LOMS shares many similarities with classic MS but also presents unique challenges. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of the condition.

Key Characteristics of Late-Onset MS

• Onset age: 50 years and older
• Progressive course
• Greater delay in diagnosis
• Higher prevalence of motor disability
• Potentially faster progression

Common Symptoms of Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

The symptoms of LOMS are similar to those experienced in classic MS. However, certain manifestations may be more prevalent or pronounced in older individuals. Understanding these symptoms is essential for early detection and appropriate management.

Primary Symptoms of LOMS

• Fatigue
• Difficulty walking
• Blurred vision
• Bladder control issues
• Numbness or tingling
• Muscle stiffness and spasms
• Problems with balance
• Cognitive difficulties (thinking, learning, and planning)

Are certain symptoms more common in late-onset MS? Indeed, walking and balance difficulties tend to be particularly prevalent among individuals with LOMS. This higher incidence of motor symptoms may be attributed to age-related factors combined with the disease process.

Diagnosing Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Diagnosing LOMS follows the same protocol as diagnosing MS in younger individuals. However, the process may be more challenging due to the potential overlap with age-related conditions and the atypical presentation of symptoms.

Diagnostic Methods for LOMS

1. Clinical and neurological history assessment
2. MRI imaging of brain and spinal cord
3. Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
4. Blood work to rule out other conditions

How does MRI contribute to LOMS diagnosis? MRI scans play a crucial role by revealing the presence, location, and size of lesions or inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. These imaging results, combined with clinical symptoms, help neurologists confirm an MS diagnosis and differentiate it from other neurological conditions.

Progression and Prognosis of Late-Onset MS

The progression of LOMS can vary significantly between individuals. However, certain patterns and tendencies have been observed in this subset of MS patients.

Characteristics of LOMS Progression

• Higher likelihood of progressive form rather than relapsing-remitting
• Faster reach of disability milestones
• More pronounced physical impact
• Potential for rapid progression due to age-related factors

Why might LOMS progress faster than early-onset MS? The combination of age-related atrophy in the brain and spinal cord, along with the inflammatory processes of MS, may lead to a more rapid progression and less recovery from flare-ups in older individuals.

Treatment Approaches for Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

The treatment of LOMS is tailored to the individual patient’s needs, considering factors such as disease activity, symptom severity, and overall health status. The primary goal is to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and maintain quality of life.

Treatment Options for LOMS

• Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)
• Symptom-specific treatments
• Physical therapy and rehabilitation
• Cognitive rehabilitation
• Lifestyle modifications

Is there a specific treatment protocol for LOMS? While there is no set treatment based solely on age, the choice of therapy depends on the presence of active disease and the individual’s overall health status. For those with active inflammatory disease or progression, FDA-approved disease-modifying therapies may be prescribed.

Challenges and Considerations in Managing LOMS

Managing LOMS presents unique challenges due to the interplay between age-related factors and MS symptoms. Healthcare providers must consider these aspects when developing treatment plans and monitoring disease progression.

Key Considerations in LOMS Management

• Comorbidities and age-related health issues
• Potential drug interactions with existing medications
• Balance between disease management and quality of life
• Importance of early intervention and regular monitoring
• Psychosocial support and patient education

How does age impact the choice of MS treatments? While age itself does not dictate treatment choices, healthcare providers must consider factors such as comorbidities, potential side effects, and the patient’s overall health status when selecting appropriate therapies for LOMS patients.

Research and Future Directions in Late-Onset MS

As our understanding of LOMS continues to evolve, ongoing research aims to improve diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for this subset of MS patients. Several areas of investigation hold promise for enhancing care and outcomes.

Current Research Focus in LOMS

• Biomarkers for early detection and prognosis
• Age-specific treatment protocols
• Neuroprotective strategies
• Cognitive preservation techniques
• Personalized medicine approaches

What potential breakthroughs might improve LOMS management? Advances in biomarker research could lead to earlier diagnosis and more targeted treatments. Additionally, the development of neuroprotective therapies may help slow disease progression and preserve cognitive function in older MS patients.

Living with Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Strategies for Patients and Caregivers

Coping with a diagnosis of LOMS requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of the condition. Patients and caregivers can employ various strategies to maintain quality of life and manage the challenges associated with LOMS.

Tips for Managing LOMS

• Maintain open communication with healthcare providers
• Adhere to prescribed treatment regimens
• Engage in regular physical activity and exercise
• Practice stress management techniques
• Prioritize cognitive stimulation and mental health
• Seek support from MS communities and support groups
• Adapt home and work environments for safety and accessibility
• Stay informed about new developments in MS research and treatment

How can patients with LOMS maintain their independence? Implementing adaptive strategies, such as using assistive devices, modifying home environments, and engaging in regular physical therapy, can help LOMS patients maintain their independence and quality of life for longer periods.

Living with late-onset multiple sclerosis presents unique challenges, but with proper management and support, individuals can maintain a fulfilling life. As research continues to advance our understanding of LOMS, new treatment options and management strategies are likely to emerge, offering hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this condition.

What Is Late-Onset MS?

Getty Images/miodrag ignjatovic

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong condition that affects the central nervous system (including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve), and mostly first appears in adults between the ages of 20 to 40. In some cases, though, the disease can develop much later in life, says Sabeen Lulu, M.D., the director of the Mercy MS Center in Carmichael, CA.

“When MS presents itself in people 50 and older, it’s considered ‘late onset’ of the disease,” Dr. Lulu says. This is conventionally known as late-onset MS (LOMS). All the symptoms associated with classic MS can present with LOMS—and there are lots of them. While they vary widely from person to person, common MS symptoms include:

• Fatigue

• Difficulty walking

• Blurred vision

• Bladder control issues

• Numbness or tingling

• Muscle stiffness and spasms

• Problems with walking and balance

• Problems with thinking, learning, and planning

The most common symptoms among this range tend to be related to walking and balance. “Most people in the 50-plus age group typically present with walking difficulties. However, they can present with any neurological symptoms consistent with MS,” Dr. Lulu says.

Though the symptoms are the same, LOMS is characterized by progressive course, a greater delay in diagnosis, and a higher prevalence of motor disability compared to classic MS, according to a 2022 review article in Frontiers in Neurology,

“When we look at those who develop MS at older age, we typically see that there’s a risk factor for a worse prognosis,” says Jacqueline A. Nicholas, M.D., chief of neuroimmunology and multiple sclerosis at OhioHealth System in Columbus. “In both earlier and later onset, there is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. However, with normal aging there is atrophy of these parts of the body. As lesions (scarring) develop, there tends to be much faster progression or less recovery from MS flare-ups if the patient has less of a reserve due to age-related atrophy. ”

Regardless of age of onset, MS is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the brain and nerves, but it’s not clear why this happens. Experts believe it may be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

How Late-Onset MS is Diagnosed

Diagnostic methods for LOMS are no different than those for other types of MS. “The diagnosis and what we do to confirm it is the same, whether the patient is younger or older than expected,” says Dr. Nicholas.

No single test can diagnose multiple sclerosis, but your neurologist will use some or all of the following methods to rule out other conditions and confirm an MS diagnosis:

Clinical and neurological history: Your doctor will ask a series of questions about your symptoms.

• MRI imaging: Your doctor will send you for imaging, which involves a MRI scanner that uses a strong magnetic field to create a detailed image of the inside of your brain and spinal cord and identify the precise location and size of any inflammation, damage, or lesions.

• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap): After getting a local anesthetic, your doctor will insert a needle into your lower back to take a small sample of spinal fluid and look for antibodies showing the immune system is active in your brain and spinal cord.

• Blood workup: Your doctor will use this to rule out other potential causes for the neurological symptoms

How Late-Onset MS Progresses

As with all types of MS, the progression of LOMS can vary from person to person. “Worsening symptoms could include walking and balance difficulties, bowel and bladder symptoms, cognitive difficulties, fatigue, sensory changes, and a combination of neurological symptoms,” Dr. Lulu says. Many of those with late-onset MS tend to have a progressive form of MS rather than the relapsing-remitting type of the condition.

People who are diagnosed with MS later in life also tend to reach disability milestones, such as needing a walking aid or a wheelchair, faster than those who are diagnosed earlier in life. “We see that they are more affected from a physical standpoint and at a faster rate than those who have onset when they are younger,” adds Dr. Nicholas.

Treatment for Late-Onset MS

Treating LOMS depends on the presence of active disease versus inactive disease—which basically means how often you experience MS flares and/or the severity of your symptoms. “Those with active inflammatory disease or active progression are generally treated with any FDA approved disease modifying therapy for MS,” Dr. Lulu says. “For those with primary progressive disease, ocrelizumab is the only FDA-approved disease modifying therapy.”

Dr. Nicholas confirms that there is no set treatment based on the patient’s age. “If someone is in their 50s and has new onset MS but has a lot of inflammation, it might be appropriate to give them the same high efficacy therapy as someone in their 20s,” she explains.

However, one consideration for an older patient is that their immune system might also start to get weaker as a normal part of aging. “We have to be conscientious about that when we use medications that are suppressing or altering the immune system, because those patients might be at an increased risk of infection or other complications,” Dr. Nicholas says. “So it’s always a fine balance of that benefit and risk for that patient.”

How Lifestyle Impacts LOMS

Whether you have MS or LOMS, it’s important to know that managing your disease doesn’t just involve medical treatments—it’s about modifying your lifestyle, too. “We’ve seen that people who exercise and are physically active handle the disease and maintain their physical function much better than those who don’t,” says Dr. Nicholas. “Wellness and exercise are key here—not just for physical function, but for maintaining cognition, too. I tell patients all the time that lifestyle is just as important as treating your MS with medication.”

Regardless of when or how your MS manifests, it’s essential to have support throughout your diagnosis and treatment plan. If you have MS, you don’t need to go it alone: Dedicated local or online support groups, religious or spiritual communities, or mental health counselors can make a significant difference in your outlook. Also, remember that adequate rest and undisturbed sleep are non-negotiables, and a healthy, balanced diet and regular exercise can yield numerous physical and cognitive benefits. No one said it’s easy, but there are brighter days ahead if you commit to a consistent medication routine and healthy lifestyle practices. Ready, set, go!

General MS Information: Pharmacy & Therapeutics. (2012.) “Multiple Sclerosis Review.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3351877/

Late-onset MS Definition: Frontiers in Neurology. (2022.) “Late-Onset MS: Disease Course and Safety-Efficacy of DMTS.” https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.829331/full

Diagnosing MS: National Multiple Sclerosis Society. (2022.) “How MS is Diagnosed.” https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/Diagnosing-MS

Tips for Caregivers: National Multiple Sclerosis Society. (2019.) “A Guide for Support Partners.” https://www.nationalmssociety.org/NationalMSSociety/media/MSNationalFiles/Brochures/Brochure-A-Guide-for-Caregivers.pdf

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Johns Hopkins Medicine

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting (chronic) disease of the central nervous system. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, a condition in which the body attacks itself by mistake. MS is an unpredictable disease that affects people differently. Some people with MS may have only mild symptoms. Others may lose their ability to see clearly, write, speak, or walk when communication between the brain and other parts of the body becomes disrupted.

Myelin is the fatty tissue that surrounds and protects nerve fibers. In MS, the myelin is destroyed in many areas. This loss of myelin forms scar tissue called sclerosis. These areas are also called plaques or lesions. When the nerves are damaged in this way, they can’t conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain.

What causes multiple sclerosis?

There are many possible causes of MS, including:

• Autoimmune disorders

• Infectious agents, such as viruses

• Environmental factors

• Genetic factors

What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

The symptoms of MS are often unpredictable. They may be mild or severe, short-term or long-lasting. They may appear in different combinations, depending on the area of the nervous system affected. The following are the most common symptoms of MS. But each person may have different symptoms.

First symptoms of MS

The following are often the first symptoms of MS:

• Blurred or double vision

• Red-green color distortion

• Pain and loss of vision because of swelling of the optic nerve (optic neuritis)

• Trouble walking

• An abnormal feeling or pain, such as numbness, prickling, or pins and needles (paresthesia)

Other symptoms of multiple sclerosis

• Muscle weakness in the arms and legs

• Trouble with coordination. You may have problems walking or standing. You may also be partially or completely paralyzed.

• Spasticity. The involuntary increased tone of muscles leading to stiffness and spasms.

• Fatigue. This may be brought on by physical activity, but it may ease with rest. You may have constant tiredness that doesn’t go away.

• Loss of sensation

• Speech problems

• Tremor

• Dizziness

• Hearing loss

• Bowel and bladder problems

• Depression

• Changes in sexual function

About 50% of all people with MS have thinking (cognitive) problems linked to the disease. The effects of these problems may be mild. Your healthcare provider may only find them after much testing. The problems may be with:

Symptoms of MS are grouped as primary, secondary, or tertiary as described below:

The symptoms of MS may look like other health conditions or problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is multiple sclerosis diagnosed?

No specific test is available to diagnose multiple sclerosis. But a healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by following a careful process to rule out other causes and diseases. Two things must be true to make a diagnosis of MS:

1. You must have had 2 attacks at least 1 month apart. An attack is when any MS symptoms show up suddenly. Or when any MS symptoms get worse for at least 24 hours.

2. You must have more than 1 area of damage to the central nervous system myelin. Myelin is the sheath that surrounds and protects nerve fibers. This damage must have occurred at more than 1 point in time and not have been caused by any other disease.

Generally a single attack along with certain patterns of changes in brain tissue seen on an MRI scan of the brain performed with contrast can mean that you have MS.

An MS evaluation involves a complete health history and neurological exam. This includes:

The following may be used when evaluating a person for multiple sclerosis:

• MRI. A diagnostic test that uses a combination of large magnets, sound waves, and a computer to make detailed pictures of organs and structures within the body. It can find plaques or scarring caused by MS.

• Evoked potentials. These tests record the brain’s electrical response to visual, auditory, and sensory stimuli. These tests show if you have a slowing of messages in the different parts of the brain.

• Cerebral spinal fluid analysis. This is also called a spinal tap or lumbar puncture. It looks at the fluid taken from the spinal column to make an evaluation or diagnosis. This test checks for cellular and chemical abnormalities seen with MS.

• Blood tests. These are done to rule out other causes for various neurological symptoms.

Evaluation and diagnosis of MS requires a variety of tools to rule out other possible disorders. It also requires a series of lab tests that, if positive, confirms the diagnosis.

How is multiple sclerosis treated?

Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment plan for you based on:

• Your age, overall health, and past health

• How sick you are

• How well you can handle certain medicines, treatments, or therapies

• How long your condition is expected to last

• Your opinion or preference

There is no cure yet for MS. But you can do things to help change the course of the disease, treat flare-ups, manage symptoms, and improve your function and mobility.

Treatments for the conditions seen with MS may include:

• Medicines (talk with your provider to see what medicines may be an option for you)

• Equipment such as canes, braces, or walkers

• Rehabilitation activities

Rehabilitation varies depending on your symptoms and how severe they are. MS rehabilitation may help you to:

• Get back functions that are important for daily living

• Be as independent as you can

• Involve your family

• Make the right decisions relating to your care

• Learn about equipment like canes, braces, or walkers that can make is easier to move around

• Set up an exercise program that builds muscle strength, endurance, and control

• Get back motor skills

• Speak more easily if you have weakness or a lack of coordination of face and tongue muscles

• Manage bowel or bladder incontinence

• Relearn thinking skills

• Change the way your home is set up to keep you safe but allow you to move about as easily as possible

What are the complications of multiple sclerosis?

The complications of MS range from mild to severe. They can range from fatigue to the inability to walk. Other problems include loss of vision, balance, and bowel or bladder control. Depression can result from the difficulty of living with a chronic condition.

Living with multiple sclerosis

It’s important to take your medicines as directed. You may get help by taking part in a clinical trial. Using equipment like canes or walkers can help you get around as walking becomes more difficult. Rehabilitation activities can also help you keep or get back functioning. Changing the way your home is set up can help you stay independent. Talk with your family and healthcare providers about what you need.

Key points

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system.

• MS is unpredictable. Some people may be only mildly affected. Others may lose the ability to see clearly, write, speak, or walk.

• Early symptoms can include vision problems, trouble walking, and tingling feelings.

• MS affects people differently. But common problems are trouble with movement and thinking, and bowel and bladder incontinence.

• Medicines and rehabilitation can help to keep or restore functioning.

at what age do they appear and why

Bright sun marks are not uncommon on children’s faces. The English, for example, tell their children that these are angel kisses, and the French – scattered pollen on the cheeks and shoulders. Freckles are light or dark brown. But why do freckles appear on the face, what is the reason for this? Let’s consider the issue in the article, and also talk about ways to protect against the negative effects of the sun in the summer with the help of sunscreen safe cosmetics.

What causes freckles and what is it?

Freckles, and scientifically ephelids (translated from Greek as “sun spots”), most often appear on the face. But in some people, they cover the shoulders, back and chest. In rare cases, we can see ephelids on the legs. People with fair skin and blond hair are most likely to have freckles. The answer to the question of whether freckles are inherited is most often positive – this is, indeed, most often a hereditary factor.

Why do freckles appear on the body, what can cause them? Scientists believe that light skin types and red hair do not have protective properties against solar activity, so the cells begin to produce the brown pigment melanin. The lighter the skin of a person, the more freckles appear on it. The color of the spots depends on the intensity of melanin production.

The appearance of protective spots is also affected by the prolonged exposure of the child to the sun. “Sunny” freckles differ from hereditary freckles in irregular shape and large size. A speck of sunburn appears not only on the face, but also on the back, arms, chest, shoulders.

At what age do freckles appear?

A newborn is born with clean skin, without pigmentation. When do freckles appear in children? There is no definite answer to this question. The first freckles in a child can become noticeable as early as a year old, and may appear much later – at 4 or 5 years.

At first, there are few sun marks on the baby’s face, but over time their number increases. In some children, ephelids cover the entire face and even the forehead. It is believed that the peak of “freckling” falls on the age of 14 to 20 years. By the age of forty, they can completely disappear from the face. Therefore, sun spots are a symbol of youth. Older people have senile pigmentation, not cannabis.

Should I go to the doctor?

Age spots are not always associated with solar activity. Because of what freckles appear in winter or autumn, where can they come from? Sometimes a large spot indicates diseases of the internal organs. In this case, they are called chloasma and are not related to freckles.

Causes of pigmentation and predisposition to pathology:

• systemic diseases;
• disruption of the digestive tract;
• impaired renal function;
• pathology of the endocrine glands.

The appearance of brown spots of unknown origin is a reason to visit a pediatrician or dermatologist. You need to take tests to make sure the pigmentation is safe or take protective measures.

Is it possible to bleach a child’s freckles?

When freckles appear in children, they do not attach any importance to this. Problems begin at the age when a teenager realizes that he is old enough. This is especially true for girls, as they take any imperfection to heart. The fight against pigmentation should be started in the very early spring, using sunscreen. Make a rule: do not go out without cream.

But sometimes protection measures do not help. Freckles are annoying, so you need to think about how to make them less noticeable. It is impossible to eliminate a pigment defect with bleaching creams with an aggressive formula – this can harm teenage skin and even cause a burn. You can fight freckles with folk methods along with the use of sunscreen.

Sour milk masks.

These masks should be done every evening after cleansing the face. If the skin is oily, wash with kefir or fermented milk. If the skin is dry, use sour cream. The product is applied to the face and washed off after 15 minutes. Sunscreen is applied in the morning.

Cucumber mask.

Fresh cucumber has a whitening effect. The grated vegetable is mixed with kefir (sour cream) and applied to the face. The mask is kept for 15-17 minutes, washed off with warm water. You can wipe the skin with cucumber juice 3-4 times a week. In order not to rub the cucumber every time, you can prepare frozen juice. Simply fill the freezer mold with freshly squeezed juice and use as needed.

Cosmetic clay.

White or blue clay is suitable for bleaching, it removes the stain. The powder is mixed with warm water, yogurt (no additives) or kefir to a thick slurry. Apply evenly to the places of accumulation of freckles and leave for 18-20 minutes. During this time, the mask will dry out and tighten the skin a little. Wash off clay with warm water. You can then apply a moisturizer.

Should freckles be removed?

Since ephelids belong to the protective reaction of the skin against solar aggression, it makes no sense to get rid of them. Freckles take on dangerous solar radioactive energy, protecting the skin from burns and other troubles. Doctors do not recommend touching freckles, moreover, they often add charm and charm to a child’s face.

Prevention of freckles.

What are freckles and why they appear, we found out. How to protect yourself from them? If a child has bright freckles, then it must be protected from aggressive sunlight. At a minimum, refrain from walking between the hours of 11:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. during the summer, when UV radiation is especially dangerous.

Clothing.

Wear a panama or baseball cap for your child. Wide brim or a cap with an enlarged visor will cover not only the face, but also the ears, neck and shoulders – areas that are prone to the appearance of freckles.

Sun-protection clothing with special impregnation and unusual weaving of threads additionally protects the child from ultraviolet radiation. Such clothing is labeled UPF – a letter on the label and a UPF coefficient of 30 or higher.

Sun protection cosmetics.

Use sunscreens for the skin – they contain UVA / UVB filters that block ultraviolet radiation and protect delicate skin from sunburn, including reducing the risk of freckles.

Choose children’s cosmetics for your child with an indication of the acceptable age. Not all products can be used for babies one or two years old and younger. When choosing a protection factor (SPF), be guided by the phototype: the lighter the skin and eyes, the more serious protection will be required.

For example, in the sun protection series of cosmetics My Sunshine® there are creams (SPF 20 and 30) recommended by pediatricians for use from 3 months. Creams with child-safe filters, with the addition of calendula extract, vegetable oils and vitamin E provide long-term protection against ultraviolet radiation. Apply the cream to the clean skin of the child and spread evenly over the entire surface.

If a child is over one year old and needs ultra-reliable protection, choose My Sunshine® cream with SPF 50+. It provides maximum protection and completely blocks the negative effects of sunlight.

For those who appreciate speed and ease of use, there is a sunscreen spray (SPF 30) in the My Sunshine® series. It is easy to apply and spreads well. The special balanced formula retains moisture and protects the skin from overdrying. The composition, in addition to filters, plant extracts and vitamin E, also includes a moisturizing and protective component – D-panthenol.

To protect sensitive areas of the face, use a lip balm with SPF 15. Feel free to apply it on the lips, as well as on the forehead, on the nose and on the ears of your crumbs. Herbal ingredients (chamomile extract, shea butter), vitamin E will take care of delicate skin, moisturizing and nourishing it.

Creams of “solar” cosmetics of this brand have waterproof properties – the skin of the child remains protected even after two baths of 20 minutes. Keep an eye on the baby and the condition of his skin. If the child spends a lot of time in the sun, the remedy should be renewed every two hours.

Before using any remedy, it is worth doing an allergy test. Apply a small amount of cream, spray or balm to the elbow and check after a couple of hours: if the remedy is suitable, then there should be no reaction in the form of itching, burning or redness.

Conclusion

When you see freckles on the face of your beloved child, smile, because ephelids are not a disease, but a protective reaction of the skin to solar radiation. If you have freckles, protect your skin from sun exposure by using baby sunscreen and dressing your baby in light, light-colored clothes. It is not necessary to remove freckles, because they can be made less noticeable with the help of folk remedies.

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Early Childhood Speech Development Calendar

Early childhood is considered a very important period in a child’s life.

This is the time of the most rapid and rapid changes in the mental and physical development of the baby, the child takes the first steps, learns to speak, begins to use gestures and other means of communication.

3 weeks – 1 month – there is a cry indicating emotional discomfort, pain or hunger. With physical stress, the child groans, making the sounds “a”, “e”.

2 – 3 months : the child has a cooing, he utters simple sounds – “ a”, “y”, “s “, sometimes combined with “ g “. This is an important stage in the development of speech in young children.

4 – 6 months – makes high melodious sounds, sounds of exclamation, reacts with joyful sounds to the faces of loved ones.

6 – 9 months – babbling, he repeats the same syllables (“ma-ma-ma”, “ba-ba-ba”, “dya-dya-dya”, “gu-gu-gu”).

9 – 11 months – the baby begins to imitate the sounds of adult speech.

11 – 14 months – the first meaningful words “mom”, “dad”, “woman”, “uncle” appear, from 8 to 14 words. Correlates a word with an object

By the age of 2 years there are 100-200 words in the baby’s vocabulary. He is already building a sentence of 2-3 words.

By the age of 3 the volume of the dictionary increases to 1000 words by enriching the child’s life experience. Simple prepositions appear: in, on, under, for, with, at. The child remembers poems, children’s songs.

By the end of 3 years , most children are able to construct a sentence grammatically correctly, conduct dialogues, tell what they have seen and heard.

Important to know:

Do not listen to advice from other parents whose children started talking after 3 years, that the child will talk on his own. He will speak, the only question is what kind of speech it will be, its quality.

How to identify the signs of speech disorders in a child?

By the end of 1 month the child does not cry before feeding

By the end of 4 months does not smile when his mother talks to him, does not coo.

By the end of the 5th month does not listen to sounds and music

By the end of the 7th month does not react to the intonation of the voice, does not recognize the mother’s voice with a “revitalization complex”

By the end of the 9th month there is no babbling, the child does not repeat sound combinations and syllables for adult

By the end of 1 year the child does not wave his head when he says goodbye as a sign of denial. He does not utter a single word and does not follow simple instructions: “give”, “on”, “take”.

By the age of 1.5, does not show or name mom and dad, does not build a tower of blocks, does not differentiate sounding toys, does not use a pointing gesture.

By 2 years does not show body parts, does not show mom and dad in the photo, does not follow the two-step instruction (go to the kitchen and put the plate on the table) does not communicate with children.

By the age of 3, cannot give his first and last name, tell a simple poem and a fairy tale.

If this does not happen, there is a reason to contact specialists.

Possible causes of speech disorders

• Viral and endocrine diseases of the mother, threatened miscarriage, trauma, toxicosis, low hemoglobin level.
• Genetic anomalies, hereditary predisposition.
• Unfavorable childbirth.
• Diseases borne by a child in the first years of life
• Babies with low Apgar scores at birth

The exact cause of the disorders is determined by the doctor, and the type of speech disorder is determined by the speech therapist.

So what can parents do for successful speech development?

Speech is the highest mental function, so the period of intrauterine development of a child is very important. Parents need to take care of the development of speech even before his birth. It is important that the expectant mother receives only positive emotions i.

Communicate more with your baby! Goodwill, a soft and calm voice, grammatically correct speech is another important factor in the development of speech.

Often, children, using only a pointing gesture, get what they want. Teach your child to express his desires as fully as possible, say new words, sentences.

Do not scold your child for mispronounced words. This can provoke neurotic reactions. He will shut up, stop speaking and learning new words.

Develop your baby’s ability to listen and pay attention. Play games with him that help him develop his ability to listen and hear: “Listen, what’s ticking there? And what’s that noise?” Let the baby learn to distinguish between speech and non-speech sounds (environmental sounds).

Teach your child fairy tales, poems, because memorizing them and repeating, he learns new words, trains memory and attention.