What are the most common digestive system diseases. How do digestive diseases affect overall health. What are the key symptoms of digestive disorders. How are digestive diseases diagnosed and treated. Which specialists handle digestive system problems. What lifestyle changes can improve digestive health. How serious can untreated digestive issues become.

Understanding the Digestive System and Its Disorders

The digestive system is a complex network of organs working together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. It includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. When any part of this system malfunctions, it can lead to digestive diseases.

Digestive disorders can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions. They affect millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life. Understanding these diseases is crucial for early detection, proper treatment, and prevention.

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

The digestive system’s main role is to convert food into small, absorbable nutrients that the body can use for energy and cell building. This process involves breaking down food mechanically and chemically, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste.

Common Digestive Diseases and Their Symptoms

Digestive diseases encompass a wide range of conditions affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the most prevalent disorders include:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis)
• Celiac disease
• Peptic ulcers
• Gallstones
• Diverticulitis
• Hemorrhoids

What are the most common symptoms of digestive disorders?

While symptoms can vary depending on the specific condition, some common signs of digestive issues include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Bloating and gas
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Heartburn
• Difficulty swallowing
• Unexplained weight loss or gain
• Blood in stool

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other health issues, so proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential.

Causes and Risk Factors for Digestive Diseases

The causes of digestive diseases are diverse and often multifactorial. Some common factors contributing to these disorders include:

1. Genetic predisposition
2. Poor diet and unhealthy eating habits
3. Stress and anxiety
4. Infections (bacterial, viral, or parasitic)
5. Autoimmune conditions
6. Medications (e.g., NSAIDs, antibiotics)
7. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
8. Sedentary lifestyle

How does diet influence digestive health?

Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health. A balanced diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can promote good digestion and reduce the risk of many digestive disorders. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, and sugar can contribute to inflammation and digestive problems.

Diagnosis and Testing for Digestive Diseases

Accurate diagnosis of digestive diseases often requires a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specialized tests. Some common diagnostic procedures include:

• Blood tests
• Stool analysis
• Endoscopy (upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy)
• Capsule endoscopy
• Imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans, MRI)
• Hydrogen breath tests
• Biopsy

What is the role of endoscopy in diagnosing digestive diseases?

Endoscopy is a crucial diagnostic tool that allows doctors to visualize the inside of the digestive tract directly. It can help identify ulcers, tumors, inflammation, and other abnormalities. Additionally, endoscopy can be used to take tissue samples (biopsies) for further analysis.

Treatment Options for Digestive Disorders

Treatment for digestive diseases varies depending on the specific condition, its severity, and individual patient factors. Common approaches include:

1. Medications (e.g., antacids, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs)
2. Dietary modifications and nutritional therapy
3. Probiotics and prebiotics
4. Stress management techniques
5. Surgical interventions (in severe cases)
6. Endoscopic treatments
7. Lifestyle changes (exercise, weight management, smoking cessation)

How effective are probiotics in treating digestive issues?

Probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in treating various digestive disorders. They can help restore balance to the gut microbiome, improve digestion, and alleviate symptoms of conditions like IBS and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific probiotic strain and the individual’s condition.

Preventing Digestive Diseases: Lifestyle and Dietary Considerations

While some digestive diseases are unavoidable due to genetic or other factors, many can be prevented or managed through lifestyle modifications. Key preventive measures include:

• Maintaining a balanced, fiber-rich diet
• Staying hydrated
• Regular exercise
• Stress management
• Limiting alcohol and avoiding tobacco
• Practicing good hygiene to prevent infections
• Regular health check-ups and screenings

What role does fiber play in digestive health?

Fiber is essential for maintaining digestive health. It adds bulk to stool, promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation. Soluble fiber can also help lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar. Additionally, fiber acts as a prebiotic, feeding beneficial gut bacteria and supporting a healthy microbiome.

The Impact of Digestive Diseases on Overall Health

Digestive diseases can have far-reaching effects beyond the gastrointestinal tract. They can impact:

1. Nutrient absorption and overall nutrition
2. Mental health and cognitive function
3. Immune system function
4. Skin health
5. Energy levels and physical performance
6. Quality of life and social interactions

How do digestive diseases affect mental health?

There is a strong connection between gut health and mental well-being, often referred to as the gut-brain axis. Digestive disorders can contribute to anxiety, depression, and cognitive issues. Conversely, mental health problems can exacerbate digestive symptoms. This bidirectional relationship highlights the importance of addressing both physical and mental health in managing digestive diseases.

Emerging Research and Future Treatments

The field of gastroenterology is rapidly evolving, with new research shedding light on the complexities of digestive diseases. Some promising areas of study include:

• Microbiome research and personalized treatments
• Gene therapy for inherited digestive disorders
• Targeted immunotherapies for inflammatory bowel diseases
• Artificial intelligence in diagnostics and treatment planning
• Gut-brain axis interventions for functional gastrointestinal disorders
• Bioengineered tissues for organ repair and replacement

How might microbiome research revolutionize digestive disease treatment?

Advances in microbiome research are opening up new possibilities for treating digestive diseases. By understanding the unique composition of an individual’s gut microbiome, doctors may be able to develop personalized treatment plans. This could involve targeted probiotic therapies, dietary interventions, or even fecal microbiota transplants to restore balance to the gut ecosystem and alleviate digestive symptoms.

As our understanding of digestive diseases continues to grow, so too do the options for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. By staying informed about these advances and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals can take proactive steps to maintain optimal digestive health and overall well-being.

Specialized Care for Digestive Diseases

Managing digestive diseases often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various healthcare professionals. Key specialists in this field include:

• Gastroenterologists: Physicians specializing in digestive system disorders
• Hepatologists: Specialists focusing on liver diseases
• Colorectal surgeons: Surgeons specializing in conditions affecting the colon, rectum, and anus
• Registered dietitians: Nutrition experts who can help with dietary management of digestive issues
• Psychologists or psychiatrists: Mental health professionals who can address the psychological aspects of chronic digestive diseases

When should you consult a gastroenterologist?

It’s advisable to consult a gastroenterologist if you experience persistent digestive symptoms that don’t improve with over-the-counter treatments or lifestyle changes. Some signs that warrant a specialist consultation include:

• Chronic abdominal pain or discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent changes in bowel habits
• Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
• Difficulty swallowing
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)

Early intervention by a specialist can lead to more accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, potentially preventing complications and improving quality of life.

Living with Chronic Digestive Diseases

For many individuals, digestive diseases are chronic conditions that require ongoing management. Coping with these long-term health issues involves:

1. Adherence to treatment plans
2. Regular medical check-ups and monitoring
3. Adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle
4. Managing stress and emotional well-being
5. Building a support network
6. Staying informed about new developments in treatment options

How can patients effectively manage the emotional impact of chronic digestive diseases?

Living with a chronic digestive disease can take an emotional toll. Patients can manage this impact by:

• Seeking counseling or joining support groups
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
• Maintaining open communication with healthcare providers about emotional concerns
• Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation
• Educating friends and family about the condition to foster understanding and support

By addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of digestive diseases, patients can improve their overall quality of life and better manage their condition.

The Economic Impact of Digestive Diseases

Digestive diseases have a significant economic impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and society as a whole. This impact includes:

• Direct medical costs for diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care
• Indirect costs due to lost productivity and work absenteeism
• Out-of-pocket expenses for medications, dietary supplements, and specialized foods
• Long-term disability costs for severe cases
• Research and development costs for new treatments and diagnostic tools

How can society address the growing economic burden of digestive diseases?

Addressing the economic impact of digestive diseases requires a multi-faceted approach:

1. Investing in preventive measures and public health education
2. Improving access to early diagnosis and treatment
3. Developing more cost-effective treatments and diagnostic tools
4. Implementing policies to support patients with chronic digestive conditions
5. Encouraging research into more effective therapies and potential cures

By focusing on these areas, we can work towards reducing the overall economic burden of digestive diseases while improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Global Perspectives on Digestive Diseases

Digestive diseases affect populations worldwide, but their prevalence and impact can vary significantly across different regions and cultures. Factors influencing these differences include:

• Dietary habits and food availability
• Environmental factors and sanitation
• Genetic predispositions in certain populations
• Access to healthcare and diagnostic services
• Cultural attitudes towards digestive health and treatment

How do digestive disease patterns differ between developed and developing countries?

Digestive disease patterns can vary significantly between developed and developing countries:

• Developed countries often see higher rates of conditions like GERD, IBS, and colon cancer, often linked to lifestyle factors.
• Developing countries may have higher rates of infectious gastrointestinal diseases due to factors like poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
• Helicobacter pylori infection, a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers, is more prevalent in developing countries.
• Liver diseases, particularly those caused by hepatitis B and C, are more common in certain developing regions.

Understanding these global patterns is crucial for developing targeted public health strategies and allocating resources effectively to combat digestive diseases worldwide.

Digestive diseases: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

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Digestive diseases are disorders of the digestive tract, which is sometimes called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

In digestion, food and drink are broken down into small parts (called nutrients) that the body can absorb and use as energy and building blocks for cells.

The digestive tract is made up of the esophagus (food tube), stomach, large and small intestines, liver, pancreas, and the gallbladder.

The first sign of problems in the digestive tract often includes one or more of the following symptoms:

• Bleeding
• Bloating
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• Incontinence
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain in the belly
• Swallowing problems
• Weight gain or loss

A digestive disease is any health problem that occurs in the digestive tract. Conditions may range from mild to serious. Some common problems include heartburn, cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, and lactose intolerance.

Other digestive diseases include:

• Gallstones, cholecystitis, and cholangitis
• Rectal problems, such as anal fissure, hemorrhoids, proctitis, and rectal prolapse
• Esophagus problems, such as stricture (narrowing) and achalasia and esophagitis
• Stomach problems, including gastritis, gastric ulcers usually caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and cancer
• Liver problems, such as hepatitis B or hepatitis C, cirrhosis, liver failure, and autoimmune and alcoholic hepatitis
• Pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst
• Intestinal problems, such as polyps and cancer, infections, celiac disease, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, malabsorption, short bowel syndrome, and intestinal ischemia
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and hiatal hernia

Tests for digestive problems can include colonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and endoscopic ultrasound.

Many surgical procedures are performed on the digestive tract. These include procedures done using endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery. Organ transplants can be performed on the liver, pancreas, and small intestine.

Many health care providers can help diagnose and treat digestive problems. A gastroenterologist is a physician specialist who has received extra training in the diagnosis and treatment of the digestive disorders. Other providers involved in the treatment of digestive diseases include:

• Nurse practitioners (NPs) or physician assistants (PAs)
• Nutritionists or dietitians
• Primary care doctors
• Radiologists
• Surgeons

• Normal abdominal anatomy

Höegenauer C, Hammer HF. Maldigestion and malabsorption. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 104.

Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Digestive system disorders. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 123.

Mayer EA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, esophageal chest pain, and heartburn. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 128.

Updated by: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Blind Loop Syndrome | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is blind loop syndrome?

Your digestive system breaks down the food you eat so your body can use it for fuel. Food moves from your stomach into your intestines. There, nutrients are absorbed. The excess food is pushed into the colon and leaves the body as waste.

In blind loop syndrome, food is not able to follow the normal digestive route. Instead, it bypasses a section of your intestine.

Blind loop syndrome is also called:

• Stasis syndrome
• Stagnant loop syndrome
• Bowel bypass syndrome.

What causes blind loop syndrome?

Blind loop syndrome is often due to an overgrowth of bacteria in the intestine. This forces food to route around it. Because of the “blind loop” that is formed, the small intestine is shorter than normal. The intestines can’t properly absorb nutrients. They are instead passed out of your body in waste.

Blind loop syndrome often occurs as a complication of abdominal surgery. The most common type of surgery that causes this is bowel-shortening surgery for obesity. In this surgery, part of the intestine is purposely bypassed.

Digestive problems may also trigger blind loop syndrome. It may occur as a complication of:

• Diverticulitis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and colitis)

What are the symptoms of blind loop syndrome?

One of the main symptoms of blind loop syndrome is unexplained weight loss. This occurs when your whole intestine can’t digest food and absorb nutrients. When your body isn’t getting the nutrients and fat it needs, weight loss occurs.

When bacteria overgrowth occurs in your intestines, bacteria are also carried through the bloodstream and body. This bacterial infection can cause:

• Fever
• Arthritis-like joint pain
• Skin rash or red bumps on the skin
• Inflamed tendons
• Pain or achiness in muscles

Poor absorption of nutrients and poor nutrition can cause a number of symptoms, such as:

• Frequent diarrhea
• Nausea or vomiting
• Swelling in the abdomen from a buildup of fluid
• Pain and cramping in the abdomen
• Stools that seem loose and fatty
• Fatigue or weakness
• Gas and bloating

How is blind loop syndrome diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, your medical, surgical, and family history. He or she will request tests to test for nutrient absorption, anemia, or to rule out other conditions. Tests may include:

• Blood tests to check for infections and nutrition status
• Breath tests to look for bacterial overgrowth
• Tests to check organ function
• Test to check for inflammation in the body
• Exam of stool for fecal fat, stool culture, parasites, white blood cells

How is blind loop syndrome treated?

Healthcare providers can treat blind loop syndrome. You will likely take antibiotics. A short course of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation may also help control symptoms.

Sometimes you need surgery to remove the infected area. If obesity surgery caused blind loop syndrome, your surgeon may do another operation to correct the problem.

What are the complications of blind loop syndrome?

If left untreated blind loop syndrome may lead to poor nutrition.  However, even early on, blind loop syndrome can cause a lack of vitamins and minerals, including Vitamin B₁₂ and iron.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

If you notice any symptoms of blind loop syndrome, it is important to tell your healthcare provider. Be aware of the condition if you’ve had abdominal surgery or have a digestive disease such as inflammatory bowel disease. Blind loop syndrome can be treated, but if nutrients can’t be absorbed, it can cause serious health problems.

Key points

• Blind loop syndrome occurs when food doesn’t follow the normal digestion route and bypasses a section of your intestine.
• It can be caused by abdominal surgery, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, or an infection.
• One of the main symptoms of blind loop syndrome is unexplained weight loss.
• Other symptoms include fever and infection-type symptoms, and diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and swelling.
• Blind loop syndrome is usually treated with antibiotics. Surgery may also be needed.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the names of new medicines, treatments, or tests, and any new instructions your provider gives you.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

what happens, how they treat and carry out prevention

The digestive system is one of the most important systems in the body. All nutrients pass through the digestive organs, which are then transformed into the necessary building materials for our tissues. If at any stage of digestion there is at least some kind of failure, the whole body reacts at once, well-being and quality of life noticeably worsen.

The digestive system is like a long winding road. First, food enters the mouth. The salivary glands secrete saliva, which helps break down food. At this stage, digestion has already begun.

Sip – and food enters the esophagus through the pharynx. On it, she descends into the stomach. In order for the food bolus to move gradually, there are valves and sphincters along the way that involuntarily close and open when necessary.

The stomach is sac-shaped and connects the esophagus to the duodenum. The stomach produces juice, consisting of enzymes and acid. It breaks down nutrients into simpler compounds.

Then they enter the small intestine, which is divided into sections: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Digestion continues in the small intestine and nutrients are absorbed.

The remains of the food bolus pass into the lower part of the intestine – the large intestine. It is divided into the caecum, colon and rectum. Bacteria living there feed on fiber and the remains of useful substances, synthesize vitamins. Excess water is absorbed from the food bolus and feces are formed. The large intestine ends at the anus, through which bowel movements occur.

Other organs are also involved in digestion: the liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The gallbladder produces bile, which is essential for the digestion of food. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which is also involved in digestion.

Problems are possible at each of the stages that the food bolus passes through the tract. Various diseases lead to inadequate digestion of food, inflammation, pain and discomfort.

Digestive system. Illustration: Shuttetstock

What are the diseases of the digestive system

There are dozens of diseases of the digestive system, some of them are congenital, while others are of an infectious nature, so there is a risk of infection.

Diseases of the esophagus

• Esophagitis – inflammation due to reflux of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. There is a burning sensation, pain when swallowing, belching. The severe form is called reflux gastroesophageal disease.
• Hiatal hernia – in this case, the location of the esophagus is disturbed, its boundaries are displaced, the diaphragm may protrude from the esophageal opening. The disease is caused by prolonged inflammation, there is also a hereditary predisposition. The only way to fix a hernia is by surgery.

Diseases of the stomach

• Gastritis – inflammation of the gastric mucosa, one of the most common diseases. Acidity can be increased or, conversely, reduced. Depending on this, symptoms and treatment may vary. The cause of gastritis is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or a malfunction of the immune system.
• Gastric ulcer is a chronic disease with periodic exacerbations in a certain season and time of day. In this case, ulcers form on the gastric mucosa. The disease is dangerous in that a perforation of the stomach may occur and bleeding will open.
• Pneumatosis – cavities filled with gases form in the thickness of the wall. The stomach is usually affected, but the intestines can also be affected. The cause may be hernia, swallowing air while eating, increased pressure in the peritoneum. There is also neurological pneumatosis, which develops in neurasthenics who involuntarily swallow a lot of air.

Intestinal diseases

• Duodenal ulcer – the disease often develops due to high acidity of gastric juice. It corrodes the intestinal mucosa, and ulcers form.
• Duodenitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum. Often combined with inflammation of other parts of the digestive tract.
• Enteritis is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine. With a long course, it can lead to atrophy of the mucosa. Enteritis often occurs along with gastritis.
• Appendicitis – acute inflammation of the appendage of the large intestine. Usually occurs due to blockage of the lumen of the appendix. The pain builds up quickly and the cells begin to die. Treatment is surgical only.
• Colitis – inflammation of the large intestine. According to statistics, it occurs in almost every second patient who suffers from other problems in digestion.
• Hemorrhoids is a disease of the veins of the rectum, which affects many adults. Pain, spotting, discomfort are the main symptoms of hemorrhoids. Without treatment, severe inflammation can occur, cracks form.

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most interesting and common diseases. The exact cause has not yet been established, but to a large extent, IBS is affected by the state of the psyche. IBS sufferers complain of causeless pain, impaired bowel movements, bloating, weakness, headaches and many other problems. Treatment is complex, including by a psychotherapist or neurologist.
• Dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease, but it is paid attention to when prescribing treatment. With dysbacteriosis, the balance of the intestinal flora, which is very important for digestion, is disturbed. On the other hand, the flora changes even depending on the age and type of nutrition in the same person, so the medicine of some countries has generally ceased to recognize dysbacteriosis as a diagnosis.
• Intestinal obstruction (ileus) is not an independent disease, but a syndrome. It occurs in other diseases. In this case, the passage of intestinal contents is disrupted, usually due to some kind of mechanical obstruction. The condition causes severe pain and discomfort.

Liver diseases

• Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, mainly caused by viruses. Hepatitis and many of its forms are considered one of the most dangerous diseases. According to statistics, mortality is comparable to tuberculosis and HIV.
• Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic disease in which part of the liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue. Cirrhosis develops due to long-term intoxication with alcohol, toxins of parasites and viruses, drugs.

Diseases of the gallbladder

• Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder. Often occurs as a complication of urolithiasis. Stones disrupt the outflow of bile, and bacteria can settle in the lumen of the bladder and provoke inflammation.

Diseases of the pancreas

• Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas. The enzymes that it secretes are not released into the intestines, but begin to “digest” the gland itself. Most patients abuse alcohol, and only 20% of cases are caused by other causes.

Neoplasms of different localization

Tumors can be benign and malignant and localized in different parts of the digestive tract.

• Cancer of the esophagus, stomach – these diseases are often fatal. Men are more commonly affected than women and are most common in people over 50 years of age.
• Intestinal polyps are benign tumors hanging from the walls of the intestine. Polyps are usually the result of a prolonged inflammatory process in the mucous membranes. But without treatment, the disease turns into more dangerous forms.

How diseases of the digestive system are treated

If any symptoms appear, a person should consult a general practitioner. He will refer you to the right specialist: a gastroenterologist, a nutritionist, and others. Diagnostics is prescribed, in which various methods are used, from analyzes to x-rays and endoscopy.

Treatment, of course, depends on the specific disease. But for almost all diseases of the digestive system, a therapeutic diet is prescribed, which in itself solves some of the problems.
Inflammatory diseases usually require special preparations. To restore the affected intestinal flora – probiotics and prebiotics. Pain and spasms are relieved by painkillers and antispasmodics.

Sometimes it is impossible to do without surgery or observation in the hospital. For example, appendicitis cannot be cured otherwise. Surgical intervention is also required for erupted ulcers, polyps in the intestines, and tumors.

Prevention of diseases of the digestive system

Many diseases of the digestive system can return if they are not prevented even after successful treatment. Go to the doctor on time, no matter what bothers you – there is nothing to be ashamed of in this topic, just like in any other diseases.

It is important to monitor your diet, change your eating habits, and follow the recommended diet. You can not allow snacks on the run, eat monotonous food. If there are problems with this, you can consult a nutritionist and psychologist.

It is equally important to avoid bad habits, especially alcohol. It not only undermines the health of the liver, but also provokes excess acid production in the stomach.

Although stress is not directly related to digestion, it has a huge negative impact. Sometimes some of the problems with digestion are not solved at all by treating the stomach or intestines.

Popular Questions and Answers

More and more people are concerned about diseases of the digestive system. Many simply do not go to the doctor, and start the disease. Nutritionist Yulia Pigareva will tell you more about the causes of such diseases of the stomach and intestines.

What are the statistics on diseases of the digestive system?

In the structure of the general morbidity in Russia, diseases of the digestive system accounted for 7.1% in 2010 and 7.0% in 2108, that is, there is practically no dynamics. However, the structure of diseases in the group itself has changed, since 2013 the number of patients with gastritis and duodenitis has increased by 7%.

But not everyone comes to the doctor with complaints of digestive problems, according to preliminary estimates, about 50% of the adult population suffer from chronic gastritis or duodenitis. Over the past 10 years, the dynamics of gastrointestinal diseases among children has been steadily growing by 30%, and in adolescents by more than 40%. This is primarily due to malnutrition, the presence in the diet of children of foods with a large number of dyes and preservatives, the lack of introduction of proper eating habits within the family, the fascination with the amount of stress, and a heavy workload at school.

Over the past 5 years, the number of deaths has increased by 28%. From diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, men die more often by 38%. One of the main causes of death is liver pathology due to alcohol abuse.

Is it true that each new generation suffers from gastrointestinal diseases more and more often? With what it can be connected?

Indeed, more and more people are experiencing digestive complaints lately.

In the first place among the reasons, of course, is malnutrition, deterioration in the quality of products, frequent consumption of fast food, eating so-called “junk food” containing a large amount of dyes and preservatives. They irritate the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, increase the number of cancers. At the same time, there is a low consumption of foods containing fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains).

What we eat determines which bacteria will live in the intestines. Recently, more and more talk about the presence of a connection between the intestines and the brain. The gut microbiome can cause immune cells to produce cytokines that affect brain physiology. Good bacteria secrete waste products that change the permeability of the barrier between the circulatory system and the brain. Healthy intestinal cells produce peripheral serotonin, which has a beneficial effect on brain function and mood.

Improper nutrition, deterioration of the intestinal microflora and stress, especially among residents of the metropolis, are the main reasons for the deterioration of the digestive system.

How are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract treated, which are associated not so much with physical problems as with the psyche? For example, an exacerbation of peptic ulcer due to stress, or the well-known irritable bowel syndrome.

Regardless of the causes of gastrointestinal diseases, the first thing treatment begins with is diet therapy. Therefore, the work of a gastroenterologist should always go hand in hand with the work of a nutritionist. Not only for the purpose of eliminating irritating factors, but also for the purpose of prescribing, if necessary, vitamin-mineral complexes, since their absorption is disturbed in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Next, the medications needed in this particular case are prescribed. When communicating with the patient, much attention is always paid to the lifestyle, the presence of stress, if necessary, in addition to the main treatment, work with a psychologist is recommended.

In some cases, after a detailed examination of a patient with complaints of problems with the gastrointestinal tract, there is no reason for the appearance of complaints, even after all the methods of instrumental diagnostics (colonoscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, probing with a camera of the esophagus and stomach).

This is where the consultation of a competent psychotherapist with the addition of the necessary drugs is necessary, as well as a diet aimed at improving the composition of bacteria in the intestine, as it can affect the functioning of our brain.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract – symptoms and prevention

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are usually associated with problems in other systems of the human body. Accompanied by unpleasant, painful symptoms and need urgent treatment.

Every person wants to always be healthy, full of strength and enjoy all the delights of life. However, unfortunately, in recent years there has been a trend towards the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract all over the world.

According to scientists, the reason for this is malnutrition, regular stress, environmental problems and many harmful substances that surround us all the time.

The main task of the digestive system is to perform vital functions in our body. Life without it is absolutely impossible, because due to its main processes (digestion of the nutrients received and their absorption), a person receives the necessary energy for work and rest. The stomach and intestines are the main organs of digestion, with the activity of which both the initial and final stages of the entire digestive tract are associated. If the stomach and intestines are healthy, they will never let you down.

It is worth noting that the human digestive system is quite sensitive. It immediately reacts to any, even insignificant changes, both in the internal environment of the whole organism and in the entire external world, leading to various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. They deliver a lot of inconvenience to the patient: discomfort and pain.

What is the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

In order to understand the principle of the GIT, you must first understand what it actually is. The gastrointestinal tract is a system of organs whose purpose is the processing and extraction of all the nutrients the body needs from food, assisting in the absorption of the resulting nutrients into the blood, as well as removing food debris from the body that have not been completely digested.

The entire gastrointestinal tract is represented in the body by a continuous tube that connects the mouth to the anus. Food masses move along it in the caudal direction, which, in the process of advancing, are split into smaller particles suitable for absorption.

For example, the average length of the gastrointestinal tract in an adult male reaches 6.5 meters.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are a group of diseases that affect this anatomical region. All pathologies are divided into several main groups, among which are:

• by nature of development infectious and non-infectious;
• according to the localization of the disease: small intestine, large intestine, stomach or esophagus;
• acquired and hereditary diseases.

Causes of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The main causes of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include: improper diet or its complete absence, strict diet or overeating, various stressful situations, infections, sedentary lifestyle and others.

For example, Tibetan medicine considers the human body as something integral, interconnected and absolutely indivisible. Here, another reason for the occurrence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract stands out, namely problems in the work of other systems of the human body. For example, the health of the spine is reflected in the work of all digestive organs.

Absolutely all internal organs are interned by nerves that exit the spinal canal. Any organ is able to fully function only on the condition that nerve impulses flow freely to it. A disease such as osteochondrosis pinches the nerve endings and thereby slows down and even prevents the normal passage of impulses.

The stomach becomes sluggish because of this, and its smooth muscles of the walls are more relaxed. In the event of a prolonged violation of innervation, the stomach descends. Moreover, sluggish and weak muscles of the gastrointestinal tract are one of the reasons for poor digestion of food.

In turn, poorly digested food is not able to fully nourish the body and thus disrupts the work of other important body systems. Improper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract also manifests itself in the form of a decrease in immunity, skin lesions and metabolic disorders.

The main symptoms of diseases of the digestive system:

• Pain in the abdomen, both of different localization and of varying intensity;
• Belching and heartburn;
• Nausea and vomiting;
• Disorders of the stool;
• Flatulence and rumbling in the abdomen;
• White coating on the tongue;
• Rapid weight loss;
• Aversion to certain foods that were previously favorite, or a complete lack of appetite.

Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Today, thanks to technical progress in modern gastroenterology, a thorough diagnosis of all organs of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of:

• Ultrasound – ultrasound examination;
• FGDS and irrigoscopy – endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract;
• intragastric pH-metry;
• manometry of all digestive organs;
• electrogastroenterography;
• radiology;
• biopsies.

Treatment, as well as diagnosis of any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, is recommended to be carried out exclusively by a qualified gastroenterologist. This will help minimize discomfort.

Prevention of diseases of the digestive system

It is very important to prevent the occurrence and development of various problems with the gastrointestinal tract. To do this, you must comply with the following rules:

• Adhere to the diet. It is recommended to eat often and in small portions. It is very important not to skip meals, especially breakfast. Before each preparation and eating, wash your hands thoroughly, as well as foods that you have not subjected to heat treatment. Thus, you can protect your body from the penetration of various pathogenic microbes.
• It is recommended to minimize the consumption of fried and fatty foods, as well as smoked and salted foods. Instead, increase the amount of fiber: vegetables, fruits, cereals and bran bread. Eat as much fresh salads, coarse-grained foods as possible, and avoid vinegar while cooking.
• Do not overeat and do not starve. It is recommended to eat in moderation so as not to feel hungry, and then pounce on food.
• Control your weight. If you have extra pounds, try to say goodbye to them. Just remember that rapid weight loss can also harm the digestive tract.
• Minimize or avoid alcohol completely. Do not forget that low-quality alcoholic beverages contain a lot of dyes, chemical components, as well as an excess of sugar, flavorings and preservatives. All this adversely affects the digestive system.
• Quit smoking completely. Much has been said about its harm.
• Avoid stressful situations. Learn to manage your emotions. Walk a lot in the fresh air, relax and get enough sleep. You will not only improve your digestive system, but also improve your overall health.
• Minimize coffee and carbonated drinks. The recommended dose per day of coffee is 2-3 small cups, and drinks – one glass.