A Guide to the 8 Most Common Classes of Antibiotics

Antibiotics have prevented millions of deaths and radically changed healthcare during the last century. There are dozens of different types of antibiotics, with each of them grouped into different classes. The following list includes eight of the most common classes of antibiotics, what they are generally used for and some of the potential side effects.

1. Penicillins

Alexander Fleming discovered in 1928 that mold derived from penicillin stopped the growth of bacteria. There are now over a dozen types of penicillins that can treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. A few include amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and penicillin G. There are also subgroups of penicillins such as carbenicillin. Carbenicillins are effective against certain urinary tract infections. Penicillin is the most widely prescribed of all antibiotics, usually in the form of amoxicillin. It is also considered one of the strongest. It is usually the first choice for those suffering from infections such as pneumonia, tonsillitis and dental abscesses. Other common bacterial infections treated with penicillins include strep throat and urinary tract infections.

General side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, fever and skin rashes. It’s important to note that penicillins may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. Some individuals exhibit a severe allergic reaction to penicillin known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition that causes dysfunction in several body systems.

 

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2. Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins were first discovered and isolated in 1945. These types of antibiotics are usually grouped into categories that are called generations. There are five generations of cephalosporins. The first generation of these antibiotics is usually used for infections that are easier to treat. The latter generations are for more serious bacterial infections.

 

Cephalosporins are often used for strep throat, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and ear infections. The fifth generation of cephalosporins is called Ceftaroline and is used for antibiotic resistant infections such as MRSA. The cephalosporins that are primarily prescribed include cephalexin, cefaclor and ceftriaxone (as an injection). Cefazolin, cefuroxime and cefoxitin are not used as often and normally prescribed for individuals with cystic fibrosis or those undergoing dialysis.

Side effects are similar to those experienced with penicillin. These include nausea, diarrhea, rash and thrush. If someone is allergic to penicillins it is likely they will be allergic to cephalosporins since they are similar in molecular structure. Depending on how severe the allergy is, some individuals may be able to still take third, fourth or fifth generation cephalosporins.

 

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3. Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides were initially developed as early as 1906 but were not used for antimicrobial purposes until the 1930s. There are several specific brands of sulfonamides in the United States and Canada. A few brands in this class include Sulfazine and Azulfudine. These antibiotics are used for general bacterial infections such as bronchitis and bladder infections. They are also used for less common conditions such as malaria and rheumatic fever.

 

There are a variety of potential side effects associated with these types of antibiotics. Elderly individuals can be particularly sensitive to sulfonamides and are usually advised not to take these medications. Pregnant women are also not advised to use these medications as they are known to pass into breast milk. Itching and skin rash are two common side effects. There are dozens of medications that have the potential to interact with sulfonamides, making it extremely important for patients to also discuss with their doctor if they are able to take this antibiotic and at what dosage.

 

4. Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are divided based on pharmacology and their antimicrobial spectrum. The older group of fluoroquinolone antibiotics includes ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The newer group includes moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, delafloxacin and gemifloxacin. Fluoroquinolones work by destroying the DNA replication in bacteria. Several new antibiotics in this class were removed and taken off the US market due to toxicity. Some of these included grepafloxacin that contributed to cardiac toxicity and temafloxacin associated with acute renal failure.

It is generally recommended to use these antibiotics only after other courses of treatment have failed. Fluroquinolones have also been linked in recent years to mental health problems, disturbances with blood sugar and specifically aortic aneurysms. Within the last year the FDA has required labeling changes to strengthen the warnings. There may be some cases, however, such as when treating bacterial pneumonia, that the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Serious cases of pneumonia and abdominal infections may require the use of fluoroquinolones.

 

5. Macrolides

These antibiotics were discovered during the 1950s. They are usually given as oral medication. Macrolides are often used to treat very basic bacterial infections. Specific drugs in this class include roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and erythromycin. These antibiotics are often used for specific types of pneumonia, chlamydia and urethritis. Macrolides are sometimes prescribed to prevent a bacterial infection. If an individual has had their spleen removed or suffers from sickle-cell disease the person may need to use one of these antibiotics on a regular basis to prevent an infection.

Minor side effects can include nausea, diarrhea and ringing in the ears. Macrolides are often a good alternative for individuals that are allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins. However, potential complications regarding these antibiotics are that they do have some drug interaction concerns that could lead to serious heart complications.

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6. Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines were discovered in 1945 and first prescribed in 1948. In 1953, the drug was patented but wasn’t used commercially until 1978. They are taken orally and have been used for a wide variety of medical conditions including acne and in combination with other medication for stomach ulcers. While many of these antibiotics have similar side effects to those in other classes, tetracyclines may also inhibit appetite.

These antibiotics may also contribute to tooth development problems if used by young children. The most common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, swollen tongue, troubling swallowing and soreness or swelling in the genital area. A rare but potential serious side effect is possible blindness due to intracranial hypertension.

 

7. Aminoglycosides

Aminoglycosides consist of amino groups which are connected to glycosides. In 1943, streptomycin (the first aminoglycoside) was discovered. These antibiotics, unlike most others, are usually administered intramuscularly or intravenously in a clinical setting. Aminoglycosides are often prescribed for serious Gram-negative infections. They kill bacteria directly and are often used for conditions that are difficult to treat. A few types of Aminoglycosides can be taken as ear drops, eye drops or orally.

 

8. Carbapenems

These antibiotics were introduced in the 1980s. They are a class of antibiotics also known as beta lactam. They work by inhibiting synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Carbapenems are often used for serious urinary infections, abdominal infections, blood infections and pneumonia.

 

Doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem are each drugs in the Carbapenem class that are usually administered intravenously or injected into a muscle. These drugs are often prescribed for infections that aren’t easily treated with other antibiotics. Carbapenems are similar to penicillins. These types of antibiotics, however, so far seem unaffected by the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance.

General side effects include nausea, diarrhea and headache.

 

Popular Carbapenem Antibiotics:

Because there are so many different classes of antibiotics with many similarities, it’s important to have the resources on hand to choose the correct component for your research or application. At AG Scientific, we have over 20 years of experience in the life science industry supplying critical chemical reagents for breakthrough research. Contact our team to find the highest quality reagents, industry-best pricing, and unrivaled customer service.

 

Additional Reading:

• Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics
• The CRISPR Cas9 System: A War Against Antibiotic Resistance
• Drug Resistant Pathogens: A Growing Problem
• What Can Be Done to Fight Antibiotic Resistance?

April 2019

Common children’s antibiotics: Uses and side effects

If your child has a bacterial infection, your provider will likely prescribe one of these Rx. Here’s what you should know about each.

As the excitement of back-to-school time approaches, one thing’s for sure: Returning to the classroom means kids will be exposed to lots of germs, including colds, the flu, and countless other viruses. As kids start school each year, bacterial infections like strep throat and pneumonia become more common, too. But what illnesses do kids need antibiotics for? 

Here, doctors weigh in on the most commonly prescribed kids’ antibiotics, what they are used for, and what to expect.

7 common children’s antibiotics

Antibiotics don’t work for viral infections, but If your child has an illness that’s caused by a bacterial infection, they’ll probably be prescribed one of the following antibiotics, says Michael Grosso, MD, the chairman of pediatrics at Huntington Hospital at Northwell Health in Huntington, New York. Each antibiotic is available as a liquid or pill.

1. Penicillin

Penicillin, the very first antibiotic discovered, remains very useful for a range of bacterial infections, from strep throat, ear infections, and skin infections to life-threatening bloodstream infections. It’s normal to experience side effects such as a mild rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or, rarely, a black, hairy tongue. Research estimates that about 10% of children are labeled as allergic to penicillin, but experts say about 95% of those are misdiagnosed . Signs of a true allergic reaction to the antibiotic include swelling under the skin, low blood pressure, wheezing or tightness in the chest or throat, and a rash consisting of red, itchy welts.

RELATED: Penicillins: Uses, types, brands, and safety info

2. Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin, a “second generation” penicillin, is among the most widely prescribed antibiotics for children. Amoxicillin is better absorbed from the intestine when taken orally and yields higher blood and urine levels. “It is the preferred first-line medication for most children with middle ear infections (also known as acute otitis media), acute sinusitis, sore throat due to Group A streptococci (so-called strep throat), some infections of the urinary tract, the rash phase of Lyme disease, and a variety of other infections,” Dr. Grosso says. Possible side effects of amoxicillin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and changes in taste.

RELATED: Amoxicillin vs. penicillin

3. Augmentin

Augmentin (amoxicillin clavulanate) is amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid, which makes amoxicillin more active against certain bacteria that would otherwise be resistant to the drug. It is useful in certain middle ear infections, sinus infections, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin. Or, it may be prescribed after a cat or dog bite. Side effects such as diarrhea, upset stomach, vomiting, or a mild skin rash may occur.

RELATED: Amoxicillin vs. Augmentin

4. Zithromax

Zithromax (azithromycin) is a second-line medication for ear infections, sinus infections and throat infections.  It is also used first-line for those allergic to penicillin, according to Dr. Grosso. Because it is long-acting, requiring only once-daily dosing (usually for five days), it is easy for parents to give, but it is somewhat less effective for bacterial infections than the medications mentioned above. “Importantly, azithromycin is the preferred antibiotic for certain germs called atypical bacteria, which can cause pneumonia in children and adults,” he says. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache.

5. Biaxin

The antibiotic Biaxin (clarithromycin) may be used to treat pediatric bacterial infections including pneumonia, bronchitis, and ear, skin, throat, and sinus infections. This medication is known to not taste good. Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, changes in taste, gas, and headache. 

6. Keflex and Omnicef

Keflex (cephalexin) and Omnicef (cefdinir) are in the cephalosporin family, which are more distant relatives of the penicillin antibiotics. Most (but not all) people who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take these medications safely. “Cephalexin is often prescribed for urinary tract infections or skin infections, while cefdinir treats most infections that respond to Augmentin. Cefdinir can usually be taken just once a day,” Dr. Grosso says. Side effects of cefdinir include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, genital itching, and headache. In addition to these side effects, cephalexin can also cause heartburn, fatigue, agitation, dizziness, confusion, and rectal itching.

RELATED: Cephalosporins: Uses, common brands, and safety info | Cefdinir vs. amoxicillin

7. Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides are among the oldest classes of antibiotics and have been widely prescribed since the 1930s. They’ve been proven effective for a variety of infectious diseases. The most commonly prescribed medication in this group is the combination agent Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), which is effective against infections of the middle ear, sinuses, urinary tract and skin, Dr. Grosso explains. About 3-8% of people are allergic to sulfonamides, which most commonly exhibit as a rash. Common side effects include dizziness, headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and nervousness.

RELATED: What are sulfonamides?

Though many other antibiotics are useful to treat infections in infants, children and teens, the medications listed above are the most commonly prescribed, says Dr. Grosso. Some of these other antibiotics, such as Vancocin (vancomycin) and Flagyl (metronidazole), are typically administered intravenously in children requiring a hospital stay. Others are applied topically, such as creams or ointments, or as drops to the eyes or ears. “When appropriate, topical antibiotics are usually preferred because of their better safety profile,” Dr. Grosso says.

It’s important to note that In pediatrics, all antibiotics are dosed on a weight-based mg/kg approach that is divided into 1-3 doses per day, according to the specific drug, says Rebecca Fisk, MD, a pediatrician at Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health in New York, New York.

 “When a pediatrician prescribes an antibiotic for a specific illness, it is important that the dosing be adhered to and completed as directed,” she says. Parents should contact their pediatrician with any questions or if side effects develop—don’t stop using the antibiotic without your pediatrician’s okay. Medication is best to be given directly to the patient and not mixed in a drink or food where it may be incompletely taken.

Antibiotics that should be avoided in children

In general, fluoroquinolones such as Levaquin (levofloxacin) and tetracyclines such as Doxycycline are avoided in pediatric patients, Dr. Fisk says. That’s because tetracyclines can permanently stain the teeth. Quinolones are generally not used in children because of their potential to cause cartilage abnormalities in animal studies, although more research is needed.

When antibiotics should not be used

Antibiotics do not work on viruses, therefore they’re ineffective for colds, runny noses (even when mucus is discolored), most sore throats, the flu, and other illnesses that are viral in origin, Dr. Fisk explains. And people with allergies to specific antibiotics should avoid them too, adds Dr. Grosso.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when overexposure to antibiotics makes bacteria resistant to an antibiotic. It can also happen when antibiotics are taken too often, allowing a bacteria to learn to protect itself against the drug. says Dr. Fisk. The more antibiotics are used and over-used, the more people pass around germs that have evolved resistance to these medications, rendering the antibiotics less and less effective over time, says Dr. Grosso. 

What’s more, the bacteria in our intestines and respiratory tract, or the microbiome, comprise a complex ecology with profound implications for health and disease, he adds. Overuse of antibiotics can seriously disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome, causing negative health implications. That’s why it’s important to only take antibiotics as indicated by your healthcare provider.

Avoiding antibiotic resistance 

To minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance, providers should select the narrowest spectrum antibiotic available to treat the infection, Dr. Grosso says. “Under the best of circumstances, we send a culture to the lab (say from the throat, or the urine) to identify the culprit specifically.” 

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are reserved for more serious infections where rapid control of the problem is necessary. Once laboratory report results showing which bacteria is present and which antibiotic is sensitive to the infection, providers should switch to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, he advises. That can help reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics include Augmentin, clarithromycin, cefdinir, cephalexin, ZIthromax and sulfonamidesPenicillin and amoxicillin are narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Antibiotics – buy antibiotics for children and adults in Ukraine | Prices from 4.90 UAH.

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Creation date: 04/09/2021
Update date: 06/23/2023

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are drugs used to treat illnesses caused by bacteria. From the moment they saw it, the stench overtook the destruction of millions of lives.

Different types and forms of drug release

Pharmacological indications of antibacterial drugs are released in different forms. Price can be:

1. Antibiotic tablets. Designated for oral administration. The stench is needed for the treatment of the lungs and the death of important infectious diseases.
2. Mіstsevі zasobi. Creams, ointments, gels, lotions, sprays and drops are often used to cure skin infections.
3. Antibiotics in ampoules. Introduced into the body for the help of internal or external injections. Sound vikoristovuyutsya for the triumph of serious bacterial infections.

Select the most effective antibiotic in a specific skin condition in addition to the drug.

See the principle of action

Antibacterial preparations kill bacteria, block the life of important processes that are involved in them, or re-spread the reproduction of microorganisms. Antibiotics help the immune system fight bacterial infection. Classification fallow type inflow:

1. narrow-spectrum dії (penicillin and in.) — effective against type of bacteria, often gram-positive;
2. a wide range of antibiotics (amoxicillin, tetracycline and others) – can be used to cure infections, to eliminate bacterial types (both gram-positive and gram-negative).

First buy antibiotics for older children, you need to know, you have to fight with any type of bacteria. For whom, special analyzes are carried out for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Actual prices for strong antibiotics, their names indicated on the MIS Pharmacy website catalog 9-1-1.

When do you need to take antibiotics?

Preparations of this group are indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections, such as:

• can expand freely;
• yell serious complication.

Other antibacterial drugs are prescribed prophylactically to patients with high risk of infection, for example, oncological diseases before transplantation of the cystic brain.

If you can’t stop yourself?

Super wide thoughts, contraindications before taking antibiotics not too much. Navit vagіtnіst є vіdnosnym contraindications. Tse means that female women can take antibiotics, which means that the risk of this disease is overcoming the risk.

The only absolute contraindication is allergy to any component of the drug. However, at present, there is a large number of antibiotics from various active speeches. If someone does not need a singing drug, the doctor can always choose another one.

Do not take antibiotics for treatment of such viral infections, such as:

• cold, flu;
• gastroenteritis and mumps;
• rubella and chickenpox;
• mononucleosis.

Sometimes an infection provokes a virus, and then a bacterial infection is added, for example, inflammation of the lungs with influenza. In this case, the drug may require antimicrobial therapy.

How to take antibiotics?

It is very important to take a course of medicines recognized as a doctor until the end, so that the symptoms of illness have already passed. It is necessary to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance — bacterial resistance.

The same is true for dosing and the method of administration, described in the instructions to the doctor, or recommended by the doctor. Take the pills at the same hour, and then they will be more effective. More antibiotics are taken later. Do not take tablets with juice or milk. If you missed a dose, just take your faces at the next hour of planning. Do not drink the subvinced portion to reduce the occurrence of side effects.

List of vicarious literature

1. Compendium – medicinal preparations.
2. Sovereign register of medical benefits.
3. GoodRX.

Parts of the Antibiotic Questionnaire

How can antibiotics be unsafe?

Modern antibiotics are safe to take. Too much or non-priming with antibacterial preparations can lead to the fact that bacteria become resistant to them, and the person appears immune to infection. Antibiotic resistance is an urgent problem of the world, as it has already led to impersonal deaths.

What are the side effects?

The most common non-negligible reactions are nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite. The skin preparation has its own side effects, you can find out about them from the instructions or from the doctor.

Can you stop your vacancy hour?

While the mother’s pain is therapeutic, she can take antibiotics. There is a low level of antibacterial preparations, which are strictly contraindicated during pregnancy. For the need for a doctor, you can get a safe deposit.

Chi can be bought without a prescription?

Next hour in Ukraine, antibiotics are sold only by doctor’s prescription. This is due to the growing problem of uncontrolled intake of such drugs and a possible decrease in their effectiveness in the future.

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Prices for products in the category Antibiotics start at 4. 90 UAH.

Antibiotics price in Pharmacy 911

Russian scientists have created a unique antibacterial drug

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16.02 .2023 21:00

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Irina Krasnopolskaya

Since the beginning of the forties of the last century, the world literally praying for antibiotics. It was then, during the war, when there were thousands of wounded, severe infections raged, scientists, including Russian ones, led by Academician Zinaida Yermolyeva, created antibiotics. To this day, these drugs are perceived as a miracle. How else?

The number of lives saved with their help – millions of millions. Antibiotics are in great demand. They also came to court during the covid pandemic. Help when the flu is raging. Let not against the flu itself, but against its complications. And to fight against serious infections, as they say, God himself ordered…

Naila Zigangirova: The whole world is looking for a way out of the situation with antibiotic resistance. Photo: Sergey Kuksin

So all over the world. Although it is known that the use of antibiotics does not pass without a trace. Yes, the underlying disease is defeated. However, side effects do occur, since antibiotics kill not only pathogenic bacteria, but also normal microflora. It is no coincidence that the question is constantly being discussed: should antibiotics be freely available, or sold by prescription? Here I am corrected by today’s interlocutor of “RG”, the head of the department of medical microbiology of the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Naila Zigangirova.

Nailya Zigangirova: The issue of uncontrolled antibiotic intake is not debatable. This is a matter of survival for the current generation and the next. The lack of control over the use of antibiotics in both medicine and agriculture can lead to the fact that in the near future we will be virtually defenseless against infections.

Even so? Nailya Akhatovna, it turns out that there is no need to ask: why and why did you start conducting research on the development of new antibacterial drugs? But I’ll ask anyway.

Nailya Zigangirova: First of all, I will explain why. One of the biggest global problems with antibiotics is that they kill bacteria. But at the same time, bacteria develop resistance to them. And eventually this leads to the fact that antibiotics cease to work and can no longer be used. The problem of antibiotic resistance has become global in the last 25 years. It is decided at the level of the UN, WHO, heads of state.

In our country, in 2017, the government approved the Antibiotic Resistance Strategy until 2030. In it, an important place is given to the development of new effective antibacterial drugs. There is a forecast of scientists. True, different terms are called when antibiotics will cease to be a salvation. Some believe that in twenty years, others give them thirty. Antibiotics will cease not only to treat infectious diseases themselves. Medicine will be powerless against infections during even ordinary surgical interventions.

Will we be completely unarmed? Perhaps for people at the age of twenty years is not terrible: you can just not live up to such a misfortune. What about being young?

Nailya Zigangirova: But that’s the forecast. Researchers and scientists involved in this know about it. That is why the whole world is looking for a way out of the situation with antibiotic resistance.

More specifically?

Naila Zigangirova: One of the important directions in solving this not only scientific, but primarily socio-economic problem is the development of new effective drugs for the treatment of infections associated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. If you look at the latest WHO reviews, which collect information on antibiotics registered over the past five years, and those that are under development, you can draw very disappointing conclusions. Unfortunately, even new antibiotics work by known mechanisms and resistance will develop.

Can we say “addictive” instead of stability?

Naila Zigangirova: No. It’s sustainability! Because it is a genetically determined mechanism. With the catastrophically fast pace of development of antibiotic resistance around the world realized the urgent need to change the approach to drug development. The medicine should not kill bacteria, but reduce their pathogenic properties. That is, they act differently than classic antibiotics.

A significant advantage of such drugs: the risk of developing resistance to them will be significantly reduced. And they can effectively suppress infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. In fact, it is these bacteria that cause very severe, often fatal infections. Unfortunately, such new-generation drugs are still being developed, and none of them has yet entered the market.

The drug should not kill bacteria, but reduce their pathogenic properties. That is, they act differently than classic antibiotics

Here you are in the Gamaleya Center developing such drugs. How does this happen?

Nailya Zigangirova: We have created a technological platform that allows us to implement the full cycle of drug creation. It was on this platform that we were able to develop an innovative domestic drug that effectively suppresses antibiotic-resistant infections. In the study, which started in 2008, we started by gaining fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of infection. It was necessary to choose a target for bacteria, the impact on which would lead to the suppression of infection for different bacteria.

We have chosen a very conservative target. It is present in a large number of pathogenic bacteria, but absent in beneficial ones. And then work began on the synthesis of chemical compounds: potential inhibitors, their study in the laboratory. 600 molecules of different chemical classes were synthesized. Only one compound, the so-called leader, was chosen, which met the strict requirements for a drug: it must be safe for humans and very selectively act on the target in bacteria. And then there are the generally accepted stages of development – preclinical studies and clinical studies in humans.

Since the obtained inhibitor was completely original, it had very high requirements for experts to prove its activity and safety. Experiments carried out in the laboratory and on animals have shown that the inhibitor is a broad-spectrum drug. It has shown its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, the peculiarity of which was resistance to almost all known antibiotics.

Where did these antibiotic-resistant bacteria come from?

Nailya Zigangirova: These bacteria were given to us from the intensive care units of Moscow hospitals, where doctors faced a problem: they actually had nothing to treat infections caused by these bacteria. Based on the results of our work, we publish articles in leading journals of the country and abroad.

Reviews?

Naila Zigangirova: Positive.

Can you name the main feature of the drug you have developed?

Nailya Zigangirova: I can! It not only suppresses antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but it does not develop resistance to itself. And it has already been proven in the laboratory. What’s more, it doesn’t kill the very beneficial bacteria that we coexist with.

Has the drug you created already treated severe conditions in humans?

Nailya Zigangirova: The drug is not registered yet. However, in January we completed clinical trials that have been ongoing since 2017.

When will your drug be available?

Naila Zigangirova: Phase 3 clinical trials of fluorothiazinon in patients with severe complicated urinary tract infections have just been completed. The studies were carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Health of Russia under the auspices of the chief urologist of the Ministry of Health, Academician Dmitry Yuryevich Pushkar, in seventeen medical centers in different cities of the country. They included 777 patients. The results obtained indicate the complete safety of the drug. Evaluation of clinical and antibacterial efficacy showed its significant superiority compared to a very effective fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

So, after 1, 2 and 3 months after the end of treatment, the number of relapses in the group of patients who received fluorothiazinon was 2 to 10 times less compared to treatment with another antibiotic. And the main problem in the treatment of such infections is frequent, up to 2-3 times a year, relapses that require hospitalization of patients. And this is because antibiotics do not cope with the destruction of bacteria and they persist in the body for a long time. Fluorothiazinon has been shown to be effective in clearing these long-term pathogens.

The obtained results of a clinical trial – the basis for filing documents for drug registration?

Nailya Zigangirova: Yes. We are currently preparing such documents in accordance with the requirements of the EAEU. We plan to submit them to the Russian Ministry of Health in April. We understand the relevance of treating other diseases associated with bacterial infections, for which the effectiveness of fluorothiazinon has already been shown. One of these areas is purulent-septic infections that develop in wounds after thermal damage. These infections are caused by bacteria that are ubiquitous, both in the environment and in hospitals. And they are very resistant to antibiotics. We understand the need for effective treatment of patients with wound infections. Therefore, we carried out organizational work with the specialists of the Vishnevsky hospital.

Creating a new drug is like giving birth to a child. He’s got a name. Your drug has an unpronounceable one: fluorothiazinon.

Naila Zigangirova: I personally like it. It corresponds to the chemical class of the compound. We are now registering this name as a trademark. Although your attitude to the name we understand. And, as they say, it’s not over yet.

Especially since fluorothiazinon was developed, we recall, at the same Gamaleya Center, where the world’s first vaccine against covid was created, which received the big name “Sputnik”. And now the first domestic drug that overcomes the problem of stability.

Many tablets. Different! Which one to choose? Photo: Reuters

Comment

Dmitry Pushkar, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

– In fact, this is a breakthrough in the treatment of infections. The drug is unique both in its idea and in its formula. Today, it is primitive and ineffective to act on a microbial agent with only conventional antibacterial drugs.