What are the common causes of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. How can you identify swollen lymph nodes. What are the treatment options for swollen lymph nodes. When should you seek medical attention for swollen lymph nodes.

Understanding Lymph Nodes and Their Function

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that play a crucial role in our body’s immune system. They are distributed throughout the body and are particularly noticeable in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. These nodes act as filters, trapping harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells, preventing them from spreading further into the body.

The lymphatic system, of which lymph nodes are a part, serves two primary functions:

1. Fluid balance: It drains excess fluid (lymph) from body tissues and returns it to the bloodstream after filtering.
2. Immune defense: It produces and stores immune cells that help fight infections and diseases.

When lymph nodes become swollen, it’s often a sign that your body is fighting an infection or dealing with another health issue. In medical terms, this swelling is called lymphadenopathy.

Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Neck

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are a common occurrence and can be attributed to various factors. Understanding these causes can help you determine whether your condition requires medical attention.

Infections

Infections are the most frequent cause of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. These can include:

• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Strep throat
• Ear infections
• Dental infections
• Mononucleosis (often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus)
• HIV/AIDS

Immune System Disorders

Certain autoimmune diseases can cause lymph node swelling, including:

• Lupus
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Sjögren’s syndrome

Cancers

While less common, certain cancers can cause swollen lymph nodes:

• Lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Metastatic cancer (cancer that has spread from another part of the body)

Identifying Swollen Lymph Nodes

Recognizing swollen lymph nodes is crucial for early detection of potential health issues. Here are some characteristics to look out for:

• Size: In children, a lymph node is considered swollen if it’s larger than 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) in diameter. In adults, the size can vary, but generally, a swollen lymph node will be noticeably larger than usual.
• Texture: Swollen lymph nodes often feel firm and may be tender to the touch.
• Mobility: Healthy lymph nodes should be movable. If a lymph node feels fixed in place, it could be a sign of a more serious condition.
• Pain: Swollen lymph nodes may be painful or tender, especially when touched.

Is it possible to feel normal lymph nodes? Typically, healthy lymph nodes are not easily felt. If you can feel your lymph nodes, it often means they are swollen.

Diagnosing the Cause of Swollen Lymph Nodes

When you visit a healthcare provider for swollen lymph nodes, they will likely perform several diagnostic procedures to determine the underlying cause:

Physical Examination

The doctor will palpate (feel) the affected areas to assess the size, texture, and tenderness of the lymph nodes.

Medical History

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, recent illnesses, medications, and any other relevant medical information.

Blood Tests

These can help identify infections, immune disorders, or certain cancers.

Imaging Tests

X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds may be used to get a better look at the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues.

Biopsy

In some cases, a small sample of the lymph node may be removed for microscopic examination.

Treatment Options for Swollen Lymph Nodes

The treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

Watchful Waiting

If the swelling is due to a minor infection, it may resolve on its own within a few weeks. During this time, you can use home remedies to alleviate discomfort.

Medications

Depending on the cause, your doctor may prescribe:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antiviral medications for certain viral infections
• Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling and pain

Treatment of Underlying Conditions

If the swollen lymph nodes are due to an autoimmune disorder or cancer, treatment will focus on managing these conditions.

Home Remedies for Swollen Lymph Nodes

While waiting for swollen lymph nodes to resolve or in conjunction with medical treatment, you can try these home remedies:

• Warm compresses: Apply a warm, damp cloth to the affected area several times a day to help reduce pain and swelling.
• Rest: Give your body time to recover and fight off any infections.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain and reduce fever.
• Adequate hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids can help your body flush out toxins.

Can massage help reduce swollen lymph nodes? While gentle massage may help stimulate lymph flow, it’s important to be cautious. Aggressive massage can potentially spread infection. Always consult with a healthcare provider before attempting to massage swollen lymph nodes.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many cases of swollen lymph nodes resolve on their own, certain situations warrant medical attention:

• Lymph nodes that continue to enlarge or have been swollen for more than two weeks
• Very hard or fixed lymph nodes
• Swollen lymph nodes accompanied by unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or persistent fever
• Redness or inflammation of the skin over the lymph nodes
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing due to swollen lymph nodes in the neck

Are swollen lymph nodes always a sign of a serious condition? Not necessarily. While swollen lymph nodes can sometimes indicate a serious health issue, they are most often a sign that your body is fighting off a minor infection.

Prevention and Lymph Node Health

While it’s not always possible to prevent swollen lymph nodes, you can take steps to maintain overall lymphatic health:

• Practice good hygiene to prevent infections
• Stay hydrated to support lymph flow
• Exercise regularly to promote lymphatic circulation
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or meditation

How long does it typically take for swollen lymph nodes to return to normal? The duration can vary depending on the cause. For minor infections, lymph nodes may return to normal size within a few weeks. However, if the underlying cause is more serious, it may take longer or require specific treatment.

Understanding the role of lymph nodes in your body’s defense system and knowing when to seek medical attention for swollen nodes can help you maintain optimal health. By staying informed and attentive to changes in your body, you can ensure that your lymphatic system continues to function effectively, supporting your overall well-being.

Swollen lymph nodes Information | Mount Sinai

Swollen glands; Glands – swollen; Lymph nodes – swollen; Lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes are present throughout your body. They are an important part of your immune system. Lymph nodes help your body recognize and fight germs, infections, and other foreign substances.

The term “swollen glands” refers to enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. The medical name for swollen lymph nodes is lymphadenopathy.

In a child, a node is considered enlarged if it is more than 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) wide.

The lymphatic system has two main functions. Its network of vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs helps balance the body’s fluid by draining excess fluid, known as lymph, from the body’s tissue and returning it to the blood after filtering it. Some types of blood cells are also made in the lymph nodes.
The lymphatic system also plays an important role in the body’s immune system.
Infection, even a trivial infection is, the most common cause of swollen lymph nodes.
Let’s look at a cut section of a lymph node to see what happens.
Afferent means towards. Afferent lymph vessels bring unfiltered fluids from the body into the lymph node where they are filtered.
Efferent vessels, meaning away from, carry the clean fluid away and back to the bloodstream where it helps form plasma.
When the body is invaded by foreign organisms, the swelling sometimes felt in the neck, armpits, groin, or tonsils comes from the microorganisms trapped inside the lymph nodes.
Eventually, these organisms are destroyed and eliminated by cells that line the node walls. Then the swelling and pain subside.

The lymphatic system filters fluid from around cells. It is an important part of the immune system. When people refer to swollen glands in the neck, they are usually referring to swollen lymph nodes. Common areas where lymph nodes can be easily felt, especially if they are enlarged, are the groin, armpits (axilla), above the clavicle (supraclavicular), in the neck (cervical), and the back of the head just above hairline (occipital).

Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and headache are some of the symptoms of mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is generally self-limiting and most patients can recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicines.

The lymphatic system is a complex system of fluid drainage and transport, and immune response and disease resistance. Fluid that is forced out of the bloodstream during normal circulation is filtered through lymph nodes to remove bacteria, abnormal cells and other matter. This fluid is then transported back into the bloodstream via the lymph vessels. Lymph only moves in one direction, toward the heart.

Lymph nodes produce immune cells to help fight infection. They also filter the lymph fluid and remove foreign material, such as bacteria and cancer cells. They can become swollen from inflammatory conditions, an abscess, cancer, and most commonly from infection. Common areas where lymph nodes can be felt include the groin, armpit, behind the ears, back of the head, sides of the neck and under the jaw and chin.

Lymph nodes play an important part in the body’s defense against infection. Swelling might occur even if the infection is trivial or not apparent. Swelling of lymph nodes generally results from localized or systemic infection, abscess formation, or malignancy.

Considerations

Common areas where the lymph nodes can be felt (with the fingers) include:

• Groin
• Armpit
• Neck (there is a chain of lymph nodes on either side of the front of the neck, both sides of the neck, and down each side of the back of the neck)
• Under the jaw and chin
• Behind the ears
• On the back of the head

Causes

Infections are the most common cause of swollen lymph nodes. Infections that can cause them include:

• Abscessed or impacted tooth
• Ear infection
• Colds, flu, and other infections
• Swelling (inflammation) of gums (gingivitis)
• Mononucleosis
• Mouth sores
• Sexually transmitted illness (STI)
• Tonsillitis
• Tuberculosis
• Skin infections

Immune or autoimmune disorders that can cause swollen lymph nodes are:

• HIV
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Cancers that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

• Leukemia
• Hodgkin disease
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Many other cancers may also cause this problem.

Certain medicines can cause swollen lymph nodes, including:

• Seizure medicines, such as phenytoin
• Typhoid immunization

Which lymph nodes are swollen depends on the cause and the body parts involved. Swollen lymph nodes that appear suddenly and are painful are usually due to injury or infection. Slow, painless swelling may be due to cancer or a tumor.

Home Care

Painful lymph nodes are generally a sign that your body is fighting an infection. The soreness usually goes away in a couple of days without treatment. The lymph node may not return to its normal size for several weeks.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if:

• Your lymph nodes do not get smaller after several weeks or they continue to get larger.
• They are red and tender.
• They feel hard, irregular, or fixed in place.
• You have fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss.
• Any node in a child is larger than 1 centimeter (a little less than half inch) in diameter.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

Your provider will perform a physical examination and ask about your medical history and symptoms. Examples of questions that may be asked include:

• When the swelling began
• If the swelling came on suddenly
• Whether any nodes are painful when pressed

The following tests may be done:

• Blood tests, including liver function tests, kidney function tests, and CBC with differential
• Lymph node biopsy
• Chest x-ray
• Liver-spleen scan

Treatment depends on the cause of the swollen nodes.

Tower RL, Camitta BM. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 517.

Winter JN. Approach to the patient with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 159.

Last reviewed on: 1/29/2022

Reviewed by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Swollen Lymph Nodes: Symptoms, Causes, and More

Lymph nodes are small glands that filter lymph, the clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system. During an infection, they accumulate bacteria, or dead or diseased cells.

When a person has an infection, they may notice swollen lymph nodes in part of the body near the infection site, such as their neck, armpit, jaw, or groin.

For instance, a person with a sore throat due to COVID-19 may have swollen lymph nodes in their neck. They may also have other symptoms of an infection, such as coughing, fatigue, and fever.

Cancer that develops in or spreads to the lymph nodes may also be swollen. In this case, the reason for swelling may be a tumor.

In this article, find out more about why lymph nodes become swollen, what it might mean, and when to see a doctor.

The lymphatic system consists of channels throughout your body that are similar to blood vessels. Lymph nodes are small glands that filter lymph, the clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system.

Lymph nodes are located throughout the body. They can be found underneath the skin in many areas, including:

• in the armpits
• under the jaw
• above the collarbone
• on either side of the neck
• on either side of the groin

Lymph nodes store white blood cells, which are responsible for killing invading organisms.

They also act like a checkpoint. When bacteria, viruses, and abnormal or diseased cells pass through the lymph channels, the lymph nodes detect and stop them.

When faced with an infection or illness, the lymph nodes accumulate debris, such as bacteria and dead or diseased cells.

Lymphadenopathy is another name for swelling in the lymph nodes. Symptoms that may be present along with swollen lymph nodes in the neck, for instance, are:

• coughing
• fatigue
• fever
• chills
• runny nose
• sweating

Swollen lymph nodes in the groin may occur with a pelvic infection. They can cause pain when walking or bending.

Swollen lymph nodes are one sign that your lymphatic system is working to rid your body of infection and illness.

Infections

Lymph nodes swell when an infection occurs in the area where they’re located. For example, the lymph nodes in the neck can become swollen in response to an upper respiratory infection, such as the common cold.

Lymph nodes that swell due to an infection may be painful.

Swollen lymph nodes in the head and neck may stem from infections such as:

• ear infection
• sinus infection
• the flu
• strep throat
• mononucleosis (mono)
• tooth infection, including an abscessed tooth
• skin infection
• HIV

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis or gonorrhea can bring about lymph node swelling in the groin area.

Other possible causes include:

• cat scratch fever
• tonsillitis
• toxoplasmosis
• tuberculosis
• shingles

Noninfectious causes

Serious conditions, such as immune system disorders or cancers, can cause lymph nodes throughout the body to swell.

Immune system disorders that cause the lymph nodes to swell include lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Any cancers that spread in the body can cause the lymph nodes to swell. When cancer from one area spreads to the lymph nodes, the survival rate decreases. Lymphoma, which is a cancer of the lymphatic system, also causes the lymph nodes to swell.

Cancers that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

• leukemia
• Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Sézary syndrome, a rare type of lymphoma

Other causes of swollen lymph nodes include, but aren’t limited to:

• some medications, such as antiseizure and antimalarial drugs
• allergic reactions to medications
• stress
• gingivitis
• mouth sores

What happens when cancer spreads to the lymph nodes?

Swollen lymph nodes can be as small as peas or as large as cherries.

They can be painful to the touch, or they can hurt when you make certain movements.

Swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or on either side of the neck may hurt when you turn your head in a certain way or you’re chewing food. They can often be felt simply by running your hand over your neck just below your jawline. They may be tender as well.

Learn more about lymph node inflammation.

If you’ve recently become ill or had an injury, let a doctor know. This information is vital in helping them determine the cause of your symptoms.

The doctor will also ask you about your medical history. Since certain diseases or medications can cause swollen lymph nodes, giving your medical history helps them find a diagnosis.

After you discuss the symptoms with the doctor, they’ll perform a physical examination.

This consists of:

• checking the size of your lymph nodes
• feeling them to see if they’re tender
• checking the consistency, whether they are hard and firm versus soft and moveable
• discussing whether they have changed or become larger over time

After the physical examination, blood tests may be ordered to check for certain diseases.

If necessary, the doctor may order an imaging test to further evaluate the lymph node or other areas of your body that may have caused the lymph node to swell. Common imaging tests used to check lymph nodes include:

• X-rays
• ultrasounds
• CT scans

If the above tests suggest the need for further evaluation, the doctor may order an MRI.

In certain cases, even further testing may be needed following the MRI. In this case, the doctor may order a lymph node biopsy. This is a minimally invasive test that consists of using thin, needle-like tools to remove a sample of cells from the lymph node. The cells are then sent to a laboratory where they’re tested for major diseases, such as cancer.

If necessary, the doctor may remove the entire lymph node.

Swollen lymph nodes may become smaller on their own without any treatment. In some cases, the doctor may wish to monitor them without treatment.

In the case of an infection, you may be prescribed antibiotics or antiviral medications to eliminate the condition responsible for the swollen lymph nodes. Your doctor might also recommend medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to help relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Swollen lymph nodes caused by cancer may not shrink back to their usual size until the cancer is treated. Cancer treatment may involve removing the tumor or any affected lymph nodes. It may also involve chemotherapy to shrink the tumor.

Your doctor will discuss which treatment option is best for you.

The only way to prevent swollen lymph nodes is to prevent the conditions that may cause them. Some steps you can take are below:

• Practice proper dental hygiene to help keep your teeth and gums healthy.
• Wash your hands frequently.
• Get vaccinated against conditions such as shingles, tuberculosis, and the flu.
• Avoid sharing food, beverages, or personal items such as towels with anyone who has a contagious infection such as mono or a cold.
• Use condoms or other barrier methods during sexual activity.
• Ask your doctor about switching your medications if you’re having an adverse or allergic reaction.
• Avoid feral cats or letting your pet cats play outdoors.

If you experience any of the symptoms that sometimes accompany swollen lymph nodes, or if you have painful swollen lymph nodes and no other symptoms, talk with a doctor. Lymph nodes that are swollen but not tender can be signs of a serious problem.

In some cases, the swollen lymph node will get smaller as other symptoms go away. If a lymph node is swollen and painful or if the swelling lasts more than a few days, also see a doctor.

When should you worry about a swollen lymph node?

You should seek medical advice if lymph nodes:

• are very swollen
• are becoming bigger
• either are tender or are not tender
• do not resolve within a few days
• occur with other symptoms you have concerns about

What is the main cause of swollen lymph nodes?

Most cases of swollen lymph nodes occur alongside an infection. They are a sign that the body is fighting the infection and stopping it from causing serious harm in the body.

In rare cases, swollen lymph nodes made be a sign of cancer, including lymphoma or leukemia. These lymph nodes tend to not be tender and not associated with an obvious infection or injury.

They may also occur with autoimmune conditions, such as lupus.

Are swollen lymph nodes serious?

In most cases, swollen lymph nodes are not serious but indicate that the immune system is doing its job. However, they can indicate an infection that needs medical attention.

Persistent swelling in the lymph nodes that occurs without other signs of an infection can indicate some types of cancer.

What does a swollen lymph feel like?

You may be able to feel a swollen lymph node with your fingers, although this is not always possible, as some are quite deep in the body or do not swell enough to become noticeable.

Sometimes, there is pain with the swelling, or it may be painful, for example, to turn the head.

Swelling without pain may be a sign of a tumor. Under the arm, it may indicate that breast cancer is spreading.

Swollen lymph nodes are usually a sign of an infection somewhere in the body. You may notice swelling and tenderness, for instance, in the neck, groin, or armpits, alongside other symptoms, such as a sore throat.

Swelling in the lymph nodes can occur with some types of cancer, such as lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer. If you have concerns about swollen lymph nodes, it is best to seek medical help, especially if the swelling persists or if you have other worrisome symptoms.

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symptoms, causes, classification, what to do with inflammation of the lymph nodes

Therapist deals with the treatment of this disease

The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Article content:

• What is the lymphatic system
• Functions of the lymph nodes
• What is lymphadenitis
• Causes
• Disease classification
• Symptoms
• Routes of infection
• Possible complications
• When to see a doctor
• Diagnostics
• Methods of treatment
• Disease prognosis and prevention

What is inflammation of the lymph nodes?

The lymphatic system ensures the normal functioning of the immune system, internal organs and tissues. One of the most common diseases of the lymphatic system is lymphadenitis of the lymph nodes. The disease has a different etiology, symptoms and degree of danger to health. In the article we will talk about how to recognize the pathology and what methods of treatment exist.

What is the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is a network of lymphatic vessels and nodes. These vessels transport a special liquid – lymph. It is responsible for the transport of proteins, salts and metabolites into the blood.

Lymph nodes act as a filter. They purify the lymph from pathogenic microorganisms and foreign substances, due to which purified and safe lymphatic fluid enters the bloodstream. Source:
The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. pp.60-62.

The lymphatic system performs three main functions:

1. Participates in immune defense. Together with the flow of lymph, pathogenic microorganisms enter the lymph nodes, where they are recognized and destroyed.
2. Maintains proper fluid levels in tissues. With an excessive amount of fluid, the lymphatic vessels “drain” organs and tissues.
3. Produces fat metabolism. Lymphatic vessels transport lipids, which are involved in almost all metabolic processes.

Functions of the lymph nodes

There are about 500 lymph nodes in the human body. They play the role of a barrier and a pump and perform several important functions:

• Hematopoietic. Lymph nodes are involved in the development of white blood cells – lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are cells of the immune system responsible for fighting various infections and diseases.
• Drainage, or transport. Lymph nodes play an important role in the transport of lymph, which enters the lymphatic vessels from the intercellular spaces of tissues. Due to this, exudate and metabolic products are utilized from the tissues.
• Barrier. Lymph nodes serve as a barrier to infected cells and microorganisms, preventing them from spreading throughout the body. They can also form antibodies that help neutralize and destroy infectious agents.

What is lymphadenitis

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. In most cases, this is not an independent disease, but a complication of the primary pathology. It is most often a sign of a bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoal infection. Source:
Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30. Therefore, to find the cause of the inflammatory process, complex diagnostics are needed.

Depending on the etiology, one or more lymph nodes may become inflamed. With lymphadenitis, the following types of lymph nodes are usually affected:

• cervical;
• elbow;
• submandibular;
• popliteal;
• inguinal;
• axillary.

In lymphadenitis, the lymph node becomes enlarged and painful. This is due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system that collect inside it. If an infectious agent has entered the lymph node and caused the formation of an abscess or abscess, purulent inflammation may develop.

In the absence of timely treatment, lymphadenitis provokes the development of dangerous complications: the spread of infection to other tissues and organs, the formation of fistulas, sepsis. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first sign of illness.

Causes

Most common causes:

• Infections. In most cases, inflammation in the area of ​​the lymph node occurs precisely against the background of infection: tonsillitis, scarlet fever, stomatitis, SARS, influenza, tuberculosis, brucellosis, chicken pox, etc.
• Injuries and operations. Any injury, surgery and other damage to the lymph node can cause inflammation.
• Allergic reactions. Some allergens activate a cascade of inflammatory responses.
• Oncological diseases. Lymphadenitis sometimes becomes one of the signs of malignant tumors of the lymphatic system, especially lymphoma.
• Autoimmune diseases. Lymph node inflammation can accompany systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

In some cases, it is not possible to determine the etiology of inflammation of the lymph node. Then a diagnosis of “lymphadenitis, unspecified” is established.

Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation offer several classifications of lymphadenitis.

Origin:

• Primary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation occurs directly in the lymph node. This most commonly occurs when bacteria or other pathogens enter the body through a skin wound, or when certain viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, infect the lymphatic system.
• Secondary. Occurs when an infection or other cause of inflammation is localized not in the lymph node itself, but elsewhere in the body. In this case, the inflammatory process spreads from the primary focus to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels. For example, secondary lymphadenitis can occur with an infection of the pharynx or teeth, as well as in the presence of cancer or blood diseases.

Intensity and duration of inflammation:

• Acute. It is characterized by an abrupt onset, rapid progression, and an acute inflammatory response. Usually acute lymphadenitis is accompanied by pain, swelling, redness of the skin, fever and other signs of inflammation. Source:
  Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. pp. 90-91.
• Chronic. It is characterized by a sluggish long course and a low intensity of the inflammatory process. Most often it develops against the background of untreated acute lymphadenitis. The chronic form is characterized by two periods: exacerbation and remission. In the first case, clinical manifestations are pronounced, in the second – weakly or completely absent, an imaginary recovery occurs.
• Recurrent. It is characterized by periodic exacerbations of inflammation after a temporary improvement. Usually, relapses occur in the presence of a chronic infectious or inflammatory process in the body.

By the nature of inflammation:

• Purulent. It is characterized by the formation of pus inside the lymph node. It occurs as a result of an infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. As a rule, purulent lymphadenitis is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, redness of the skin and fever.
• Serous. It differs in the formation of serous fluid inside the affected lymph node, and the inflammatory process does not go beyond its capsule. Often found in children.

Localization:

• submandibular – usually occurs against the background of diseases of the oral cavity, teeth or pharynx;
• axillary – associated with infectious or oncological diseases of the breast;
• inguinal – occurs against the background of skin infections and skin lesions;
• cervical – develops when the pharynx, mouth, nose or ears are affected. Source:
  Diagnosis and management of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp. 75-78;
• parotid – caused by infectious diseases of the ear or mouth;
• occipital – occurs against the background of pathologies of the skin or upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms

Symptoms of lymphadenitis depend on its type, location and cause. The most common signs of inflammation of the lymph node:

• swelling and tenderness of the affected lymph node;
• redness of the skin in the affected area;
• general weakness, fatigue and fever;
• pain and discomfort when touching an affected lymph node;
• headache;
• sometimes – nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite;
• excessive sweating, especially at night;
• change in color and texture of the skin in the area of ​​an inflamed lymph node;
• appearance of spots on the skin or other rashes.

Ways of infection

The primary cause of secondary lymphadenitis can be:

• trophic ulcer;
• caries;
• otitis;
• influenza;
• tonsillitis;
• angina;
• herpes;
• tumor;
• tuberculosis and more.

Lymphadenitis sometimes develops due to skin lesions such as scratches, wounds, or insect bites, which can become entry gates for bacteria.

Possible complications

Many people don’t even realize the danger of lymphadenitis. Without timely treatment, the disease leads to various, including dangerous consequences. Most often, the following complications develop:

• abscess – a limited accumulation of pus in the tissues, surrounded by a membrane;
• sepsis is a severe infectious disease in which the infection spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream;
• compression of surrounding tissues – enlarged lymph nodes cause discomfort and put pressure on neighboring tissues;
• thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the venous wall with the formation of blood clots that can clog the lumen of the vein;
• fistula – the formation of a pathological channel as a result of the accumulation of purulent fluid.

When to see a doctor

Lymphadenitis is diagnosed and treated by a vascular surgeon. It is necessary to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease. The specialist will prescribe a diagnosis to identify the cause of inflammation and tell the patient what to do. Timely access to a doctor prevents the development of dangerous complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphadenitis is aimed at finding the cause of the inflammatory process, assessing the current state of the lymph node and the body as a whole. For this, a comprehensive examination is used:

• Inspection. The doctor examines the skin at the site of the affected lymph node, evaluates its size, shape, texture, temperature and sensitivity of the skin.
• General and biochemical blood test. Analyzes confirm the inflammatory and infectious process.
• Biopsy. Taking a sample of a lymph node for histological examination allows you to determine the cellular composition of the tissue and differentiate the tumor. Source:
  Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78.
• ultrasound. Ultrasound examination helps to determine the size and structure of the lymph node, as well as to identify the neoplasm.
• CT and MRI. The procedures are used for layer-by-layer study of the lymph node and surrounding soft tissues.
• Culture study. If lymphadenitis is caused by a bacterial infection, a bacterial culture is performed to determine the type of bacteria and select the most effective antibiotic.

Methods of treatment

The doctor chooses the method of treatment individually for each clinical case. It depends on the etiology of inflammation, the current state of the patient and associated complications. In most cases, conservative therapy is used, including medication, including:

• antibiotics if there is a bacterial infection;
• antiviral drugs – in the presence of a viral infection;
• antifungals – in the presence of a fungal infection;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – for the relief of inflammation and pain.

In addition, physiotherapy, compresses and massage are used. In the presence of abscesses, surgical intervention is indicated – removal of purulent contents and sanitation of the affected tissues.

Forecast and prevention of the disease

With timely visit to the doctor, lymphadenitis of the lymph node has a favorable prognosis. Early initiation of treatment allows you to achieve complete recovery, prevent the development of complications and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Due to the lack of a single etiology, there is no specific prevention of lymphadenitis. The following recommendations will help prevent infection:

• Maintain good personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially after handling animals and visiting public places.
• Minimize contact with infected patients and visits to crowded places. If there is a sick person in the family, it is necessary to limit contact with him.
• Using only your own hygiene items. Do not use other people’s towels, razors, toothbrushes, etc.
• Strengthening immunity: giving up bad habits, maintaining physical activity, proper nutrition and regular walks in the fresh air.
• Timely treatment of diseases. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
• Vaccination. Timely vaccination helps prevent infections that can cause lymphadenitis. You need to be vaccinated both in childhood and in adulthood.

• Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral lymphadenitis in children. Antonova S.S., Botvin’eva V.V., Sitnikov I.G. VSP. 2008. No. 3. pp.76-78
• The role of lymph nodes in human life. Okunyaka O.M., Tumasyan T.I. Bulletin of science. 2019. №3. p.60-62
• Diagnosis and treatment of cervical lymphadenitis. Skorlyakov V.V., Babiev V.F., Keshchyan S.S., Stagnieva I.V., Boyko N.V. Young scientist. 2017. No. 16. pp.75-78
• Treatment of chronic tonsillitis and acute lymphadenitis. Pavlova K.V. Medicines and rational pharmacotherapy. 2022. No. 5-2. p.90-91
• Lymphadenopathy. Melikyan A.L., Egorova E.K., Kovrigina A.M. Clinical guidelines. 2018. p.5-30

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Acute bronchitis

Why inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck occurs: causes, symptoms, treatment

Contents

• 1 Causes and treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck: how to get rid of unpleasant symptoms?
  • 1. 1 Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.1.1 Infections
    • 1.1.2 Dental problems
    • 1.1.3 Skin lesions
    • 1.1.4 Oncology
  • 1.2 Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.2.1 General information
    • 1.2.2 Symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.2.3 When should I see a doctor?
  • 1.3 Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.3.1 Medical history
    • 1.3.2 Examination
    • 1.3.3 Laboratory and instrumental studies
    • 1.3.4 Biopsy
  • 1.4 Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.4.1 General principles of treatment
    • 1.4.2 Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck in children
    • 1. 4.3 Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck with lymphadenitis
  • 1.5 How to avoid inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?
  • 1. 6 Inflammation of the lymph nodes in children
    • 1.6.1 Causes
    • 1.6.2 Symptoms
    • 1.6.3 Treatment
    • 1.6.4 Prevention
  • 1.7 When should you see a doctor for swollen lymph nodes in your neck?
  • 1.8 Relationship between inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and cancer
  • 1.9 Related videos:
  • 1.10 Q&A:
    • • 1.10.0.1 What are lymph nodes and why does the body need them?
      • 1.10.0.2 What causes inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?
      • 1.10.0.3 How is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck diagnosed?
      • 1.10.0.4 How is swollen lymph nodes in the neck treated?
      • 1.10.0.5 Can swollen lymph nodes in the neck go away on their own?
      • 1.10.0.6 How can inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck be prevented?
  • 1.11 Other causes of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • 1.12 Conclusions well-being. Read the article on our website and do not put off taking care of your health!

    Lymph nodes are part of the body’s lymphatic system that perform an important protective function. They act as a barrier that prevents the penetration of infections and harmful substances into the tissues and organs of the human body. However, sometimes the lymph nodes themselves can become the site of infection or stress conditions, causing inflammation and enlargement.

    Especially often the lymph nodes become inflamed in the neck, where a large number of lymph nodes are located. The causes of inflammation can be diseases of the upper respiratory tract (throat, nose), teeth, ulcers, colds. Also, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be a sign of serious diseases – tumors, infections, tuberculosis.

    To identify inflammation of the lymph nodes and determine the causes of its occurrence, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis and consult a specialist. Depending on the circumstances, treatment may include the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-tuberculosis drugs, recommendations to strengthen the immune system and prevent possible diseases.

    Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    Infections

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by various infections. For example, it can be the flu, SARS, tonsillitis, runny nose, chicken pox, streptococcal infection and others. During the body’s fight against infection, the lymph nodes increase in size and become inflamed, which signals that the body is fighting the infection.

    Positive

    41.18%

    Negative

    35.29%

    Neutral

    23.53%

    Dental problems 900 35

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be associated with diseases of the teeth and gums, such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis. In this case, the inflammation of the lymph nodes is the body’s response to the bacteria that cause the disease.

    Skin lesions

    Injuries and various injuries to the scalp and neck can also lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Lymph nodes become inflamed to help the body fight infection that can occur as a result of skin damage.

    Oncology

    It is possible that inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck may be associated with various cancers, such as lymphoma or head and neck cancer. In such cases, the inflammation of the lymph nodes does not go away, but increases with time, so it is important to consult a doctor to rule out oncology.

    Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    General information

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is often a sign of an infection in the body. The lymph nodes in the neck are close to the surface of the skin and their inflammation can lead to pain and discomfort.

    Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    The main symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck are:

    • Hypersensitivity in the area of ​​the lymph nodes;
    • Soreness when touching lymph nodes;
    • Enlarged lymph nodes. Depending on the cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes, they may increase in size to varying degrees;
    • Swelling of surrounding tissues in the area of ​​inflammation of the lymph nodes;
    • Headache, fever, fatigue, general malaise.

    When should I see a doctor?

    If you notice swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes in your neck, be sure to seek medical attention. The doctor will conduct the necessary examination and find out the cause of the inflammation of the lymph nodes and prescribe an effective treatment.

    Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    Medical history

    The first step in the diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is to take an anamnesis of the disease. The doctor should ask the patient about the presence of symptoms such as sore throat, runny nose, cough, fever. It is also necessary to find out if the patient has had similar symptoms before and how they were treated.

    Examination

    After taking the medical history, the patient is examined. The doctor checks for swelling and redness in the neck. He also palpates the lymph nodes and determines their size and condition. If a tumor is present, the doctor may recommend a more detailed examination.

    Laboratory and instrumental research

    Laboratory and instrumental research methods are used to diagnose inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Blood is taken for general analysis and detection of inflammatory processes in the body. You can also prescribe an ultrasound to more accurately identify the condition of the lymph nodes and determine the presence of tumors.

    Biopsy

    In some cases, a biopsy may be ordered to determine the cause of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. During a biopsy, a small sample of lymph node tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. This allows you to identify the presence of infectious agents or tumors.

    Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    General principles of treatment

    Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck depends on its cause. However, there are general principles of treatment:

    1. Prescription of antiviral, antibacterial or antifungal drugs;
    2. Use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs;
    3. Completeness and correctness of nutrition;
    4. Physiotherapy.

    A few days before the start of treatment, it is recommended to avoid smoking, drinking alcohol and fatigue.

    Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck in children

    In case of swollen lymph nodes in the neck in children, a pediatrician should be consulted. The purpose of treatment depends on the cause of the inflammation. However, there are general principles of treatment:

    • Carrying out hygiene procedures;
    • Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, certain antibiotics or antimycotic drugs;
    • Completeness and correctness of nutrition.

    Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck with lymphadenitis

    Lymphadenitis is an acute form of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, which can lead to complications. With lymphadenitis, along with the standard treatment necessary for other forms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, local therapy is carried out:

    • Use of antibiotics;
    • Washing the inflamed area;
    • Use of medical dressings or application of a medical compress;
    • Occasionally, surgery may be required to remove pus deposits.

    In case of lymphadenitis, it is not recommended to prescribe treatment on your own, you should consult an infectologist or otolaryngologist.

    How to avoid inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

    Lymph nodes in the neck are part of our immune system that protects us from infection and disease. They may enlarge due to inflammation, also known as lymphadenitis.

    To prevent swollen lymph nodes, we recommend:

    • Maintain good hygiene — Wash your hands regularly and practice basic hygiene. This helps prevent infection and the spread of bacteria and infections.
    • Avoid possible sources of infection – Avoid contact with people who have infectious diseases such as influenza or SARS.
    • Support the immune system – Try to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and physical activity. It strengthens the immune system and helps fight viral and bacterial infections.

    If you have signs of swollen lymph nodes, such as soreness or redness in your neck, seek medical attention. Don’t try to treat yourself, as this can make the problem worse.

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in children

    Causes

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes is a signal that disease processes are taking place in the child’s body. It can be caused by infectious diseases such as SARS, influenza or tonsillitis, as well as a number of other acute diseases. In addition, the lymph nodes can become inflamed as a result of allergic reactions to food, medicines, or other allergens.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in children may vary depending on the cause of the disease. Usually, swollen lymph nodes in the neck cause pain and discomfort, as well as an increase in their size. The child may experience weakness, dizziness, low body temperature, fever and other symptoms that are characteristic of a disease that causes inflammation of the lymph nodes.

    Treatment

    Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in children should be directed to the treatment of the underlying disease. If the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. In the event of an allergic reaction, it is necessary to identify the allergen and eliminate it from the child’s diet. In most cases, inflamed lymph nodes go away on their own after the treatment of the underlying disease. However, if necessary, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory or pain medication.

    Prevention

    • Avoid contact between the child and sick people;
    • Strengthen your child’s immune system: maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat right, spend a lot of time outdoors;
    • Wash your hands regularly and teach your child to do the same;
    • Take care of your child’s oral hygiene: brush your teeth, use dental floss and mouth water;
    • Get all the necessary vaccinations, if necessary, to boost your child’s immune system.

    When should you see a doctor for swollen lymph nodes in your neck?

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be a sign of various diseases. In most cases, it is caused by an infection, but it can also be a sign of a more serious condition, such as cancer. Therefore, it is very important to see a doctor if you experience the following symptoms:

    • Swollen lymph nodes: If you notice swollen lymph nodes in your neck, this may indicate an infection or tumor. If the lymph nodes have become longer for a long time, be sure to visit a doctor.
    • Pain: If you feel pain on palpation of the lymph nodes or if they become tender, this may indicate an infection or inflammation. However, it can also be a sign of a more serious illness. In any case, this requires the attention of a doctor.
    • Bitterness in the mouth: If you feel that you have a bitter taste in your mouth after eating, this may be a sign of swollen lymph nodes. Consult a doctor to clarify the diagnosis.
    • High temperature: If you have other symptoms associated with inflammation of the lymph nodes, as well as fever, this may indicate more serious diseases, such as viral and bacterial infections.

    Association between swollen lymph nodes in the neck and cancer

    Swollen lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by many factors, one of which is cancer. Cancer occurs in tissues, which are made up of cells that grow and divide rapidly. When these cells begin to grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way, they form a tumor. This tumor can spread to nearby tissues, including lymph nodes.

    Cancer causes inflammation of the lymph nodes, as they are part of the lymphatic system, which is designed to protect the body from infection and disease. The lymphatic system also plays an important role in the fight against cancer. So when the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, it can cause them to become inflamed.

    However, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is not always associated with cancer. There are many other causes such as infections, allergies, or diseases that can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Therefore, if you find an inflamed lymph node, do not panic and consult a doctor to establish the correct diagnosis.

    In any case, if you suspect cancer, you should contact an oncologist for diagnosis and treatment. Cancer is a serious disease that requires complex treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

    In conclusion, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck may be associated with cancer, but not always. Therefore, if you find an inflamed lymph node, do not waste time and contact a specialist to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment.

    Related videos:

    Q&A:

    What are lymph nodes and why does the body need them?

    Lymph nodes are small organs of the lymphatic system that play an important role in protecting the body from infection and disease. They filter the lymph, remove bacteria, viruses and other impurities from it, and also produce lymphocytes – cells that develop immune responses to diseases.

    What causes inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by various causes, such as infectious diseases (influenza, SARS, tonsillitis), viruses (HIV, herpes), bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus), cancer, allergic reactions, as well as reactions to drugs or vaccinations.

    How is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck diagnosed?

    Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck begins with a visual examination and palpation of the lymph nodes. Further, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy and other research methods may be prescribed to determine the cause of inflammation.

    How is swollen lymph nodes in the neck treated?

    Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck depends on the cause that caused the inflammation. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infectious diseases, antiviral drugs for viral diseases, and antihistamines for allergic reactions. In cases of cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be prescribed.

    Can swollen lymph nodes in the neck go away on their own?

    Yes, swollen lymph nodes in the neck can go away on their own if they were caused by an infectious disease and the body has coped with the disease. However, if the inflammation does not go away within a few weeks or other symptoms appear, it is necessary to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

    How can inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck be prevented?

    To prevent inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, it is necessary to practice good hygiene, wash your hands regularly and avoid contact with sick people. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system, eat right, lead an active lifestyle and avoid stressful situations.

    Other causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

    Although the most common cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is associated with infectious diseases, there are other causes of this condition. For example, some types of cancer can lead to swollen lymph nodes, which can also cause inflammation. Blood diseases such as lymphoma and leukemia can also cause swollen lymph nodes.

    In some cases, errors in the immune system can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Sometimes, inflammation of the lymph nodes is associated with a reaction to food allergens or external irritants such as dust or smoke. This can happen due to the fact that the white blood cells in the lymph nodes are actively fighting foreign substances in the body.

    Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can also be caused by certain medications. For example, antibiotics and antidepressants can cause a reaction in the body, which manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the lymph nodes. Some causes of inflammation, such as thrombophilia and metastatic cancer, can also lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

    • Reminder: If the lymph nodes in the neck become enlarged and persist for more than two weeks, a doctor should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment.

    Conclusions

    As a result of the study, we can draw the following conclusions:

    • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is a fairly common disease . It can cause discomfort and pain in the neck, as well as act as a symptom of other diseases, such as influenza or SARS.
    • There are several types of lymph nodes in the neck, all of which can be inflamed . This can be determined by a doctor during examination and palpation of the throat and neck.
    • Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can occur due to various causes such as bacterial or viral infections, autoimmune diseases or cancer.