Collapsed Lung (Atelectasis) | Cedars-Sinai

Overview

The lungs are like a pair of balloons inside the chest that fill up with air and then relax to let air leave the body. When a blockage occurs in the airway so the lung cannot fill up with air or if a hole or weakened place develops in the lung allowing air to escape, the lung can collapse like a balloon that has lost its air.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a collapsed lung vary. They may include:

• Falling oxygen levels in the blood, which causes the person to look bluish or ashen and can bring on abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
• Fever if an infection is present
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Sharp pain on the affected side, if the symptoms are severe and the blockage occurred quickly
• Shock with a severe drop in blood pressure and a rapid heart rate
• Shortness of breath, which can be sudden and extreme in severe cases

If the blockages happen slowly, there may be few or no symptoms. Those that do occur may include shortness of breath, an increased heart rate or a hacking cough that does not seem to go away.

Causes and Risk Factors

A collapsed lung is often the result of pressure on an airway from outside – a swollen lymph node or fluid between the lining of the lungs and the chest wall, for example – can also cause a lung to collapse. 

When the airway is blocked, the blood absorbs the air inside the air sacs (alveoli). Without more air, the sac shrinks. The space where the lung was before the collapse fills up with blood cells, fluids and mucus. It may then become infected.

Other factors can lead to a collapsed lung include:

• A plug of mucus, a tumor or something breathed into the lungs.
• Abdominal swelling
• Experiencing high speeds, such as being a fighter jet pilot
• Injuries, such as from a car accident, a fall or a stabbing
• Lack of the liquid (surfactant) that coats the lining of the alveoli, which helps keep it from collapsing. This can happen in premature babies or in adults who have had too much oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.
• Large doses of opioids or sedatives
• Lying immobilized in bed
• Scarring and shrinking of the membranes that cover the lungs and line the inside of the chest, which can occur as a result of exposure to asbestos
• Smoking
• Surgery, especially involving the chest or abdomen
• Tight bandages

Diagnosis

To diagnose a collapsed lung, a physician conducts a physical examination and asks about symptoms and the setting in which they occurred. Other tests that may be performed include:

Treatment

There are several options for treating a collapsed lung. For example:

• If the lung has collapsed because of a blockage, the blockage can be removed by coughing, suctioning the airways or bronchoscopy
• Antibiotics can be given to treat an infection
• Surgery to remove a part of the lung may be needed if chronic infections become disabling or if significant bleeding occurs
• Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or laser therapy may be used if a tumor is causing the blockage
• Drugs to treat a lack of surfactant. This is a life-saving measure in newborns. In adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, it is considered experimental. For adults, the amount of oxygen in the blood is raised by continuous positive-pressure oxygen or mechanical ventilation.

Prevention

Preventing a collapsed lung is as important as treating one. These help avoid a collapsed lung:

• Patients who smoke should stop six to eight weeks before surgery
• After surgery, patients should breathe deeply, cough regularly and move about as soon as possible. Certain exercises, such as changing positions to help the lungs drain, or devices to encourage voluntary deep breathing (incentive spirometry) also help.
• Patients with a deformed chest or nerve condition that causes shallow breathing might need help breathing. Continuous positive airway pressure delivers oxygen through the nose or a facemask. This ensures the airways do not collapse even during the pause between breaths. Sometimes a mechanical ventilator is needed.

© 2000-2021 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional’s instructions.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

A spontaneous pneumothorax is the sudden onset of a collapsed lung without any apparent cause, such as a traumatic injury to the chest or a known lung disease. A collapsed lung is caused by the collection of air in the space around the lungs. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath. In most cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, a small area in the lung that is filled with air, called a bleb, ruptures, causing the air to leak into the space around the lung.

Spontaneous pneumothorax can be either small or large. A small spontaneous pneumothorax may resolve without treatment, while larger pneumothorax may need surgical intervention.

In most cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, the cause is unknown. Tall and thin adolescent males are typically at greatest risk, but females can also have this condition. Other risk factors include connective tissue disorders, smoking, and activities such as scuba diving, high altitudes and flying.

Spontaneous pneumothorax most commonly presents without severe symptoms.

Patients with a collapsed lung may experience a sudden onset of the following symptoms:

• Sharp chest pain, made worse by a deep breath or a cough
• Shortness of breath

A larger pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including:

• Chest tightness
• Easy fatigue
• Rapid heart rate
• Bluish color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen
• Nasal flaring
• Chest wall retractions

If your child has a sudden onset of shortness of breath or sharp chest pain that is worsened by breathing, go to the Emergency Department to be evaluated or call 911. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the medical team will evaluate your child’s symptoms and perform a physical exam, including the following:

• History: Your physician will obtain your child’s full medical history, in addition to assessing the symptoms she is currently experiencing. You may be asked questions about when the symptoms started, the severity of the pain or shortness of breath, and length of time you waited prior to arriving to the Emergency Department.
• Physical exam: Using a stethoscope, your child’s physician will listen for decreased or no breath sounds on the affected side.
• Chest X-ray: This radiologic test will show a pneumothorax if it is present.

Treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax depends on the duration, severity of symptoms and size of pneumothorax.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax Images

• This is a chest x-ray of a patient with a collapsed lung. The image shows a large right-sided pneumothorax, caused by a collection of air in the space around the lung.

• This image shows a chest tube placed between the ribs, one treatment option for patients with large pneumothorax and severe symptoms. Placement of a chest tube can help release the air that has collected in the space around the lung and allow the lung to re-expand.

1 of 1

Patients who seek treatment for minimal or resolving symptoms after more than 24 hours will receive a chest X-ray to determine treatment. If the imaging reveals only a small pneumothorax, the patient may only require oxygen supplementation and observation in the hospital for a brief period of time.

Patients with large pneumothorax who seek treatment within a short time of the onset and present more severe symptoms may require placement of a chest tube (inserted between the ribs) to release the tension. In most cases, the placement of the chest tube allows the lung to re-expand fully and quickly.

The chest tube can be left in place for several days. During that time, your child must stay in the hospital for continued evaluation. She will undergo a series of chest X-rays to monitor the pneumothorax and determine if it is improving or worsening.

Some patients with a pneumothorax may also receive supplemental oxygen, which may improve symptoms and can help the air around the lung be reabsorbed more quickly.

Patients with a persistent air leak from the chest tube for more than five days or those with recurrent or bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax may be candidates for surgery. Learn more about surgery for collapsed lung.

If your child has an operation or receives inpatient treatment with a chest tube or oxygen therapy to treat spontaneous pneumothorax, you will need to make an appointment to see the surgeon for follow-up three to four weeks after discharge.

After your child has been treated for spontaneous pneumothorax, it is important that you carefully monitor her health. Call the doctor if your child experiences any of the following symptoms:

• Fever greater than 101 degrees Fahrenheit
• Signs of infection of incision sites, including: redness, yellow or green discharge, tenderness, warmth or foul odor
• Any other concerns

If your child suffers any of the following signs or symptoms, she must be brought to the Emergency Department as quickly as possible to receive proper treatment:

• Sudden onset of chest pain
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Collapsed Lung | SCL Health

A collapsed lung is rare, but does occur for thousands of people each year. Often the condition resolves on its own after a few days to a few weeks. But some cases need medical care offered in a hospital. Trust us to provide the specialized pulmonary care you need.

Learn what causes collapsed lungs, the symptoms and your options for treatment.

What is a collapsed lung?

A collapsed lung, or a pneumothorax, occurs when air from your lung leaks into your chest cavity. The build up of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall puts pressure on your lung, causing it to collapse.

Pneumothorax can occur for many reasons.

• Blunt trauma to the chest causing a rib fracture
• Blunt injury to the chest, like a fall or car accident, pushing the air out of the lungs
• Damage of lung tissue from diseases such as COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis or pneumonia
• Penetrating injury to the chest, like a stab wound or gunshot
• Smoking cigarettes and marijuana
• Spontaneously

What a collapsed lung looks like

The lungs sit in the chest, inside the ribcage. They are covered with a thin membrane called the “pleura.” The windpipe (or trachea) branches into smaller airways. In this drawing, 1 lung is normal, and 1 has collapsed because air has leaked out of it. The air that has leaked out of the lung (shown in blue) has filled the space outside of the lung.

Reproduced with permission from: Patient Information: Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) (The Basics). In: UpToDate, Basow, DS (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA 2012. Copyright © 2012 UpToDate, Inc. For more information visit www.uptodate.com.

Tension pneumothorax

Tension pneumothorax is a severe condition. It is a life-threatening emergency and requires immediate medical attention. If your diagnosis is tension pneumothorax, the air outside your lung has no place to escape. Instead, it continues to increase and causes pressure on vital organs, such as your heart. This eventually will cause your vital organs to shut down and stop working.

Tension pneumothorax requires immediate medical attention as it can be fatal. The chest cavity needs decompression, or releasing of pressure, immediately. We then place a chest tube between your ribs to your lung to help you recover.

Symptoms of a collapsed lung

 You should seek medical attention immediately if you have any of these symptoms.

• Shortness of breath, or difficulty taking a full breath; may be mild to severe
• Sudden, sharp, sometimes stabbing chest pain or chest tightness

People with a small pneumothorax might not have any symptoms. They might find out that they have it when they have a chest X-ray for another reason.

Testing for a pneumothorax

Your doctor or nurse will ask about your symptoms, do an exam, and do a chest x-ray.

He or she might also do a CT scan. A CT scan is an imaging test. It creates pictures of the inside of your body to better check your lungs and surrounding organs.

Treatment of pneumothorax

Your treatment will depend on your symptoms and how small or large the pocket of air outside your lungs are.

• Small Pneumothorax – If your pneumothorax is small, your doctor might treat you by giving you oxygen and observing you. That’s because a small pneumothorax sometimes will get better on its own. To follow your condition, your doctor might do a few chest X-rays over time. Often your doctor will admit you to the hospital for observation. This allows us to treat you quickly if your condition worsens.
• Larger pneumothorax – If your pneumothorax is large or causing symptoms, your doctor will need to intervene. He of she will remove the air that has collected outside of your lung. Although we can do this in a few different ways, a chest tube is the most common. Placing your chest tube involves your doctor making a small hole between your ribs where we insert the tube. The tube provides an escape valve for the air trapped in your chest cavity. The tube will stay in your chest for a few days, or more, until air is no longer leaking out of the lung. You will need to stay in the hospital while this tube is in your chest. Before discharge from the hospital, we will want to have a chest x-ray and a physical examination.

Surgery for pneumothorax

In cases where a chest tube doesn’t work, your doctor might need to do lung surgery to close off the air leak. We call this surgery “thoracoscopy” or VATS (Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery). During thoracoscopy, the doctor will give you medicine to make you sleep. Then he or she will make 2 or 3 small cuts between the ribs in your chest. He or she will put long, thin tools in these openings and into the space where the air collected. One of the tools has a camera on the end, which sends pictures to a TV screen. The doctor can look at the image on the screen to do the surgery.

If you need surgery to treat your condition, your doctor might do another procedure at the same time. These two procedures can help prevent a future pneumothorax.

• Pleurodesis – This is a procedure that creates inflammation in the inside lining of your chest wall. The lung becomes large enough to stick and adhere to the chest wall. This prevents your lung from collapsing again. Your doctor might recommend this procedure you have had more than 1 pneumothorax. Having more than ones puts you at higher risk of having it happen again in the future.
• Bleb Resection – A bleb is an abnormal part of the lung that can rupture and cause a pneumothorax. Tiny air sacs make up your lung tissue. In certain lung and connective tissue diseases, these tiny air sacs combine and form a larger bubble or a bleb. If we find blebs during surgery, we will remove them to prevent repeat rupturing.

Recovery after a Pneumothorax:

After surgery you will have a chest tube placed. It will stay in for several days to a week, depending on your healing process. To ensure we placed your tube in the most optimal location for your lung, we will give you x-rays and an examination. You will need to stay in the hospital while the chest tube is in place. After removal of you chest tube and before you go home, your doctor will confirm that your lung has not re-collapsed. We give you instructions on breathing exercises, called incentive spirometry. These help expand your lungs and dialate your air sacs. This will help prevent pneumonia.

If you smoke, you should stop smoking. Smoking can increase your chance of getting pneumothorax. Smoking cessation will help your body recovery more completely. It will also help with your wound healing treatment.

You should also ask your doctor when you can fly in an airplane again. You will generally need to wait at least 2 weeks, and up to 12 weeks, before using this transportation. Flying in an airplane or traveling to areas where the elevation is higher than 8000ft are dangerous. The pressure change can cause your lung to re-collapse if it is not yet healed.

When Lungs Collapse | CF Foundation

I knew I had lousy lungs, but I never expected them to blow out like a tire on the highway. Before 2015, a pneumothorax (collapsed lung) was not in my medical vocabulary and I associated it only with action movies and the Discovery Health Channel, not
with me or cystic fibrosis. I am now far too familiar with the signs, treatments, and recovery stages of a spontaneous lung collapse — I might even call myself an expert.

In 2015, I was a senior in high school when my left lung spontaneously collapsed, and I was vividly reminded that life is unpredictable. Fast forward to this summer (a rising senior in college) and my body reminds me, once again, that the unexpected can
happen. This time it was my right lung that gave out, randomly, or as my doctor said, “dropped.” Both experiences were complicated and resulted in two-week hospital stays, many chest tubes, and required lung surgery to stop the air leak.

Me waking up in the ER after my chest tube placement. July 2018.

Before my first one, I knew absolutely nothing about pneumothoraces, or their relationship with CF, and that is why I was so afraid when it happened. I did not even know what the symptoms of a collapsed lung were. Was it the sudden inability to breathe?
Nope! I could still breathe, walk, and talk when one lung was collapsed. I felt chest discomfort, tightness, shortness of breath, shoulder pain, and exhaustion — symptoms that I had experienced before with CF, but not all at once.

In 2015, it took me a few hours of feeling weird before I called my doctor who told me to go to the emergency room (ER) for an X-ray.

This summer, I ended up working an entire shift before realizing something was seriously wrong and telling my doctor I needed a chest X-ray. Those experiences taught me the importance of listening to my body and not ignoring the warning signs. If something
feels wrong, something probably is wrong.

I later learned that CF did not cause the collapses directly. They were caused by a pulmonary bleb rupturing. Blebs are small air blisters that can develop on the lung’s surface — anyone can develop them! Although CF does not cause them, it is thought
to provoke them because of the constant inflammation and irritation of the lung tissue. A bleb can pop randomly, leaving a hole in the lung lining — yikes! This is what happened to me, twice.

Because a thoracic surgeon repaired my pneumothorax, I
was sent to the thoracic floor of the hospital to recover. I had to be my biggest advocate there as the nurses and doctors, who did not specialize in CF, were making decisions about me and my lungs.

This was difficult when I was on pain meds and wanted to sleep all day, but I used my best judgment and challenged the doctors’ orders if they seemed wrong. CF lungs are not regular lungs. They often need extra attention or care. In my experience, the
standard procedure is not always the right procedure for people with CF.

After I was finally allowed outside post lung surgery. July 2018.

The two lung collapses were very low points in my 21-year life, mainly because of the uncertainty and fear I felt. The immobility and constant pain I dealt with was a nightmare at the time but left me with a lasting appreciation of my healthier days.
It’s funny how hardship can lead to a new, uplifting perspective. If nothing else, at least now I have matching scars on both sides!

Join the conversation on Facebook.

Complications arising from a collapsed lung

A pneumothorax happens when air leaks between the lungs and chest wall, writes Marion Kerr 

What is a pneumothorax?

Pneumothorax is the term used to describe the condition where a lung collapses.

This happens when air leaks into the area between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural space) and can be caused by a chest injury, certain medical treatments or lung disease. Symptoms of a pneumothorax vary depending on the extent of the problem.

With 25 per cent or more collapse of the lung, symptoms such as a sudden, sharp pain on the side of the affected lung, shortness of breath, tightness in the chest and rapid heart rate may be noticed.

Although an entire lung can collapse, a partial collapse is more common.

My father had a fall and fractured a couple of ribs. While in hospital the doctors noticed the lung problem.

When your father fell and fractured his ribs, the broken portion most probably punctured the lung leading it to collapse. This is known as a traumatic pneumothorax.

Traumatic pneumothorax is caused by blunt or penetrating injury to the chest. However, there are other types of pneumothorax including a spontaneous type which can occur in otherwise healthy people with no history of chest trauma.

This type appears to have a genetic factor as it can run in families. A secondary spontaneous pneumothorax can develop in those with a pre existing lung disorder such as emphysema, TB, cystic fibrosis or lung cancer.

A tension pneumothorax is the most serious type of all and occurs when the pressure in the pleural space is greater than the atmospheric pressure. This can occur when air becomes trapped in the pleural space or when the person is on a positive pressure ventilator.

How do they treat a pneumothorax and are there any long-term complications associated with this condition?

A small uncomplicated collapse may heal spontaneously within a week or two, while a more complicated one will need the excessive air removed. This is done by inserting a needle or tube into the pleural space between the ribs and extracting the air.

The most common complication of a spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax is a recurrence. Almost half of those who suffer a pneumothorax go on to develop a subsequent one, usually within one or two years of the first episode.

So if your dad develops a recurrence of symptoms – particularly chest pain or difficulty breathing – he should seek medical attention immediately.

Pneumothorax | healthdirect

On this page

What is pneumothorax?

A pneumothorax is the medical term for what is commonly known as a collapsed lung. It is reasonably common and has many different causes.

A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall (called the pleural space). This air pushes on the lung, which makes it collapse. In most cases, only some of the lung collapses.

How severe the collapse depends on the amount of air trapped in the pleural space

What are the symptoms of pneumothorax?

The most common symptom of pneumothorax is a sudden, sharp stabbing pain on one side of the chest, made worse by breathing in.

If you have a pneumothorax, you might also have breathing problems. Other symptoms may include:

• fast heart rate
• blueish lips and skin
• breathlessness
• cold sweats
• constant ache and tightness in the chest
• sharp pain when breathing in
• fast and shallow breathing

If you have a pneumothorax and you feel it is getting harder to breathe, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance.

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the breathing problems Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

What are the types of pneumothorax?

There are different types of pneumothorax:

• Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP): this type of pneumothorax is the most common, has no known cause and develops in otherwise healthy people. It is thought to be caused by a tiny tear of an outer part of the lung. PSP is more common in tall people and mainly affects healthy young adults without lung disease.
• Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP): SSP develops as a complication of existing lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis or cystic fibrosis. The lung disease weakens the edge of the lung in some way, making the lung more likely to tear and cause air to escape.
• Traumatic pneumothorax: this type of pneumothorax is caused by an incident such as a car accident, broken ribs or a stab wound.
• Latrogenic pneumothorax: this is a pneumothorax that occurs as a result of mechanical ventilation, which causes an imbalance in the air pressure around the lungs.
• Tension pneumothorax: this is a pneumothorax (of any type) that leads to the heart and lungs not working properly due to high pressure in the air around the lung. It is a medical emergency.

How is pneumothorax diagnosed?

A chest x-ray is used to diagnose a pneumothorax, though an ultrasound or CT scan are sometimes used.

FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — Our Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use our Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.

How is pneumothorax treated?

Treatment will be guided by the type of pneumothorax and the symptoms, not by the size of the pneumothorax alone.

If you do not have any symptoms, and the pneumothorax is small, it might clear up on its own. You will probably have a repeat x-ray to check that it has cleared up. You might need medicine if you are in pain.

If you are significantly breathless, you will need treatment to have the trapped air removed. This is called aspiration and involves inserting a thin tube into the chest wall (using a local anaesthetic to numb the skin).

Treatment involves inserting a thin tube into the chest wall. A large syringe is attached to the thin tube and sucks out air until the pneumothorax has gone.

A large syringe is then attached to the thin tube, which sucks out the air from inside the chest wall. This is repeated until the pneumothorax has gone.

Sometimes people will need a procedure called a pleurodesis, which sticks the lung to the chest cavity. This may be used to prevent further collection of air, or if the pneumothorax isn’t getting better after a few days

There are several types of surgical options to treat pneumothorax.

If you have a pneumothorax, you are at risk of having another one. See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms. It might be too dangerous to fly in an aeroplane. Before you travel, you will need clearance from your doctor. You should never go diving if you’ve had a pneumothorax.

Can pneumothorax be prevented?

If you have had a spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP or SSP) previously, you might need treatment to prevent it happening again. It is a good idea to talk to a lung specialist to discuss your treatment and prevention options.

Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of pneumothorax.

Fractured Rib | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

What is a fractured rib?

A rib fracture is a crack or break in one of the bones of the rib cage. A break in the thick tissue (cartilage) that connects the ribs to the breastbone may also be called a fractured rib, even if the bone itself is not broken.

The most common cause of a fractured rib is a direct blow to the chest, often from a car accident or a fall. Coughing hard can also fracture a rib. This is more likely to happen if you have a disease that has made your bones weak, such as osteoporosis or cancer.

What happens when you break a rib?

Your ribs have two main jobs:

• They protect the organs in your chest.
• They help you breathe by keeping space open inside your chest while the muscles you use to breathe squeeze in, or contract. This leaves plenty of space for your lungs to fill up with air.

The muscles used for breathing pull on the ribs, so breathing may be very painful when you have a fractured rib.

It is important to see a doctor after a rib injury. A blow that is hard enough to fracture a rib could also injure your lungs, spleen, blood vessels, or other parts of your body. A common injury when you have a fractured rib is a punctured or collapsed lung (pneumothorax).

Flail chest is a serious problem that happens when three or more ribs are broken in more than one place. If you have flail chest, the broken area can’t hold its shape when you take a breath. This leaves less space in your chest for your lungs to open and air to flow in. It also makes it harder for the muscles to work well, so it’s harder to take a breath.

What are the symptoms?

A fractured rib may cause:

• Mild to severe pain in the injured area.
• Pain when you breathe.
• Pain around the fracture when someone pushes on your breastbone.

If you can’t breathe normally because of your injuries, you may:

• Feel short of breath.
• Feel anxious, restless, or scared.
• Have a headache.
• Feel dizzy, tired, or sleepy.

How is a fractured rib diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask questions about your injury and do a physical exam. The doctor may:

• Push on your chest to find out where you are hurt.
• Watch you breathe and listen to your lungs to make sure air is moving in and out normally.
• Listen to your heart.
• Check your head, neck, spine, and belly to make sure there are no other injuries.

You may need to have an X-ray or other imaging test if your doctor isn’t sure about your symptoms. But rib fractures don’t always show up on X-rays. So you may be treated as though you have a fractured rib even if an X-ray doesn’t show any broken bones.

How is it treated?

Most fractured ribs are treated at home and will heal on their own over time. Home treatment will help you manage the pain while you heal. Pain relief can help you feel better and let you take deeper breaths.

A fractured rib usually takes at least 6 weeks to heal. To help manage the pain while the fracture heals:

While you are healing, it is important to cough or take the deepest breath you can at least once an hour. This may help prevent pneumonia or a partial collapse of the lung tissue.

If you have fractured your ribs and you have not injured your neck or back, it is a good idea to lie on your injured side. This may seem odd at first, but it will let you take deeper breaths.

In the past, it was common to tape or tightly wrap the injured rib area. But you should not do this, even if it eases your pain. It can keep you from taking deep breaths, and it could cause parts of your lung to collapse or could increase your risk for pneumonia.

90,000 5 useful driving gestures on the road that few people know about ⋆ GuardInfo

If a driver from a neighboring car shows you a fig for no reason at all, this does not mean that he is an uncouth boor. On the contrary, a polite “colleague” tries to warn you about a stone stuck in a wheel … But there are other half-forgotten gestures and signals that road users use for non-verbal communication.

Even cadets of driving schools know that “winking” by an emergency gang is a gratitude or an apology.Another popular gesture is the short-term high-beam signal. Thus, if someone is not in the know, the drivers warn other motorists against the traffic cops who have taken refuge on the sidelines, ask them to let them – smart and hurried – go ahead, or they kindly inform about their readiness to give way to those in need.

Other gestures are much less common, and many drivers, especially young ones, are not even aware of their existence. For example, communication by means of a brake light. If the driver of the car in front intermittently and persistently presses the brake pedal, this does not mean that a blonde or an epileptic is driving.It just annoys him when they are pressed too close to him. “Keep your distance” – he tries to convey to you.

You dashingly slip between the rows, skillfully performing spectacular stunts, almost like Vin Diesel in the movie “Fast and Furious”. At a traffic light, a “colleague” catches up with you, depicting thunderous applause. Wait! Calm your self-esteem and pull over to the curb at the earliest opportunity. It looks like you have an open trunk. By the way, a slight pat in the air will also tell about the loosely fitting cargo compartment lid.
Another possible scenario for the development of events. The driver of a car that has caught up with you does not clap his hands, but draws circles in the air and points down somewhere. Do you know what this rare gesture signals? It’s simple: an outlined circle and a finger pointing at your car means a flat tire. And don’t forget to thank the attentive chauffeur.

A raised hand with an open palm to the interlocutor is a variation of gratitude for drivers. But on the roads, another type of this gesture is occasionally found: a brush directed towards the stars with an open palm and spread fingers.Something similar is portrayed by five-year-olds when they are asked how old they are. In our case, the fan “rake” signals an ambush of the traffic police.

Let’s go back to the fig or, in common people, fig. In the past, motorists used a thumb fist between their forefinger and middle finger to alert their downstream neighbor about a stone stuck in their car wheel. Now this gesture in its “polite” interpretation is used extremely rarely – the blowers are basically “distributed” only to truck drivers.

So it is possible that the cookie “presented” to you, the driver of the car, is still an insult. But do not rush to respond to the offender with other equally impudent signals – maybe you did something wrong on the road, and you should “blink” the emergency gang?

avtovzglyad.ru

Share link:

Similar

Collorista Comfort

Collorista Comfort

06.07.2020

Every year fashion becomes more and more convenient. This is especially true for underwear. Increasingly, girls are replacing classic underwired bras with soft tops without them. They are called bralettes. Let’s take a closer look at what they are and how to wear them.

What is a bralette?

This is a bodice without wires and any tight inserts. It looks like a cropped top, most often without fasteners and is worn over the head.Made of exquisite lace with wide straps and closed back. Such models provide maximum comfort even when playing sports.

Image options

Summer

Thrown over a bralette shirt is perfect for hot weather. The buttons on the shirt may not be fastened at all, or only the lower ones may be fastened. This will create a stylish and lightweight look.

Office

For the office, a slightly translucent blouse and matching top would be a good option.

Date

For romantic meetings, you can wear a dress with a lowered shoulder over the bra. This will make you look very impressive.

Casual

Bralette can also be used as “underwear”.This option will look great with a jacket or a loose shirt.

Shades

Solid, beige, gray, green or white colors are perfect for everyday wear. This option is suitable for both a walk and an office.

A black or red bralette decorated with lace will give its owner a special charm.

Material

When choosing a bralette, you should pay attention to the material of the fabric.In summer, a sconce that contains cotton and synthetic additives is best suited. It is they who help to keep the shape and give the product elasticity.

Find the model that’s right for you and feel free to create stunning looks.

All news

to

News by category

Prices on the site and conditions for receiving an order depend on it.

Currency

Prices on the website will be displayed in this currency (at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation), but you can pay for the order only in Russian rubles.

Save

Delivery within Russia from one day

24/7 customer support

More than 40,000 proprietary products

Report a bug

SCENARIO OF ANNIVERSARY CONCERT | Material on the topic:

SCENARIO OF ANNIVERSARY CONCERT DEDICATED TO THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS DEPARTMENT OF THE MOU DOD “DYUSSH”.

STAGE DECORATION: A light canvas 3 * 1.5 m was lowered against the background of the “harlequino” backdrop. Lilac color with a painting on the fabric – a treble clef and a gymnast, which symbolizes “SPORT, MUSIC, GRACE”.

1.0 OPENING:

The concert opens the festive parade of gymnasts to the music of A. Pakhmutova’s song “Heroes of Sport”, which will be the leitmotif of the holiday.

At the end of the composition, the presenter of the concert enters the stage.

MODERATOR: Our anniversary concert opened the festive parade of gymnasts of the rhythmic gymnastics department of the children’s youth sports school in the city of Luga!

The gymnasts perform a salute bow and leave the stage!

MODERATOR: Good afternoon, dear friends! Today is a great holiday for us, an anniversary birthday.

Twenty five! It’s not just a date. Twenty-five is a silver medal to all teachers, girls and parents for creativity, imagination and kindness.

Where there is beauty, there is kindness,

Nothing can separate them, Any bright dream

She always looks like two friends.

And we cannot do without them,

Neither a bright day nor a rainy day, And if you want to be beautiful –

You share your kindness!

Happy birthday, friends!

“

Today we will make a pleasant journey into the world – sport, music and grace.And I will probably surprise many spectators if I say that the basis of rhythmic gymnastics is the art of dance.

Each era had its own favorite dances. And we decided to fantasize about sports and art, and everything that we succeeded in was included in the program of the anniversary concert.

And we invite you to the l8th century, to France for the court minuet.

2. “Minuet”.

LEADER: Rhythmic gymnastics – fosters a love of beauty, musicality, the ability to move gracefully, and success is achieved by hard work and faith in oneself.

And an example of this will be the performance of a graduate of the rhythmic gymnastics department, who will perform exercises with clubs.

3. Exercises with clubs.

HOST: With a ribbon, with a hoop, with a ball,

I do not dream of anything,

I only dream of an award,

At the big Olympiad

Only the youngest can say such bold and sincere words. “They are so unformed, so fragile,” the coaches say.They speak with love, because they know: not so much time will pass and now wonderful swans will grow from the little “ugly ducklings”.

Let’s take a closer look at them and we. We invite you to an open lesson.

4. Dance number “Open lesson”.

In the final of the open lesson

presenter: These girls will grow up to be good athletes.

MODERATOR: And behind all this beauty is the work of a trainer-teacher, choreographer, accompanist.

Among people who have not faded into professions,

Claiming rights for eternity,

You teachers, as inspired songs

Live on earth while the earth is alive!

We heartily tell you – thank you!

For your hard work, for the fact that you

You gave a piece of your heart

And made your childhood dreams come true.

I invite the best of the best, mentors and favorite teachers of our rhythmic gymnastics department to the stage.

the presenter reads out the full name. The soundtrack of the “Heroes of Sports” music is playing.

For congratulations, the District Administration, the director of the Children’s and Youth Sports School are invited to the stage, the presenter reads out the full name. Music sounds.

At the ceremony, the girl presents flowers.

After the awarding ceremony, everyone leaves the stage to the theme of the holiday.

HOST: Rhythmic gymnastics is an equal participant in the Olympic Games.Every year in Greece on about. Crete hosts a national festival dedicated to the myths of Ancient Greece. Celebrations in honor of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, where the old folk dance “Sirtaki” is danced, was distinguished by irrepressible joy.

The hymn to Aphrodite is played. / Girls go on stage /.

Rainbow-Throne Aphrodite,

Zeus’s immortal daughter, a witch!

Do not break my hearts with anguish!

Take pity, goddess

She stood on the chariot of hearts:

Like a whirlwind, carried her in a fast summer,

Strong-winged, over the dark earth

A flock of doves.

Sappho.

5. “Sirtaki”.

MODERATOR: And again congratulations will be heard from the guests of our holiday.

Invited to the stage

– Assistant to the Deputy of the State Duma F

– Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region.

Music sounds

MODERATOR: Expressiveness is an important feature of rhythmic gymnastics. The ability to express joy and pain with the help of the finest hand gestures, an extravaganza of a holiday or other mood of the soul, to reflect the spirit of music in the nuance of movements.

And now, we will get acquainted with the art of China.

6. Chinese dance.

MODERATOR: Today the FOUNDERS, wonderful teachers who are at the origins of the creation and development of the rhythmic gymnastics department in our city, have been invited to the anniversary.

I am glad to present their names and invite them to the stage:

The presenter gives everyone a word and says the following words:

Today is your holiday, let me congratulate you and give you flowers.

The girl gives flowers. The leitmotif “Heroes of the sport” sounds, everyone goes to their places in the hall.

MODERATOR: Today we also want to greet and thank all the teams with whom we have been working in close cooperation for many years:

Directors of the city’s secondary schools.

Director of the Center for Children and Youth Creativity

Your warm applause

I am pleased to represent the hope of rhythmic gymnastics, a young pupil of the Youth Sports School

.Exercises without apparatus.

MODERATOR: Are there anniversaries without gifts and surprises? Of course they don’t. Today our friends congratulate us! Folk vocal studio

Trio of vocal studio “Solo”: greets everyone with musical congratulations

MODERATOR: “The fact that elements of folk dances are used in rhythmic gymnastics is wonderful. After all, thanks to this, the gymnasts’ compositions become livelier, more interesting, more emotional ”said the People’s Artist of Russia, the legendary Igor Moiseev

So take it as a gift

Dance of little friends,

It is beautiful and very bright,

You will have more fun with it!

9.Russian dance “Valenki”.

MODERATOR: Rhythmic gymnastics has become sporting thanks to the virtuoso possession of the apparatus: hoop, ball, ribbon, clubs, and this is not possible without the development of dexterity, strength, courage and artistry. And now we will see an exercise with a hoop.

10. Exercises with a hoop

LEADER: A great creative friendship and cooperation links many gymnasts for a long time with the Exemplary choreographic group

. The artistic director of this talented group, she worked as a choreographer at the rhythmic gymnastics department.

And it is with great pleasure that I invite her to the stage.

11. Oriental dance.

MODERATOR: The favorite subject of many gymnasts is the ribbon. multi-colored ribbon, sparkling in the hands of a gymnast, allows to show grace, grace, plasticity.

12. Ribbon exercises are performed by a graduate of the rhythmic gymnastics department.

MODERATOR: A child’s success largely depends on the support of their parents. Today we say thank you to all the parents of our pupils.But I would like to say the warmest words of gratitude to parents who show care and attention in the life and work of children.

We are pleased to congratulate and invite you to the stage: the presenter reads out your full name. Music sounds.

Our warm applause to you. Parents are presented with certificates and flowers. Response words of parents and they go into the hall to their places.

Music is playing.

LEADER: Each gymnast, performing her free exercise to music, necessarily creates an image.And if this is done with talent, then a whole gamut of feelings is born in the audience. And now we will present to your attention an emotional, spectacular, composition on the theme of Spanish melodies.

13. Spanish dance.

FINAL: After the performance of “Spain”, the gymnasts remain on the stage.

MODERATOR: Dear friends! You were greeted by the gymnasts of the rhythmic gymnastics department. Each gymnast bows.

All participants of the anniversary concert are invited to the stage. Music “Heroes of Sports” / is playing in the background.

Let’s give our children a warm applause.

We love you! We are proud of you!

/ When all the participants take the stage, the music dies down /.

MODERATOR: Rhythmic gymnastics of our city is 25 years old! Is it a lot

or a little? Our girls grow up and go into a big life. Not every one of them will become an athlete, but they will all become beautiful, kind and bright people. And they will be replaced by other girls …

While our anniversary program was being prepared, an important event took place in the sports life of our three girls.

We congratulate the girls on the assignment of the MC and present them with classification books:

This is our future. They will multiply the glory of our sport and our beloved city.

/ The lights on the stage are dimmed. The melody “Happy birthday!” /

A festive cake with candles is taken out on the stage, on a serving table.

MODERATOR: Let the wonderful sport of rhythmic gymnastics always live. And in our sports school happy children’s voices never stop! Now let’s make a wish and blow out the candles on the birthday cake together.

Happy anniversary, friends! Happy holiday everyone !!!

Participants of the concert applaud together with the audience.

We are grateful for the assistance in organizing the holiday to the District Administration, etc.

Dear friends !!! We do not say goodbye to you, we say to you: SEE YOU!

A foil airship, a destroyed circus and broken glass – a sovrisk from Korea will be shown in St. Petersburg

After the summer blockbusters – the archive of the Magnum agency and the project “Not Moscow is not far off”, St. Petersburg Manege opens a new exposition – “Utopia Saved , the first solo exhibition in Russia by the South Korean artist Lee Bul.And while you hop into the last carriage and vote for Manege director Pavel Prigara in the GQ Producer of the Year nomination, we explain why contemporary Korean art is unthinkable without Russian artists.

The exhibition in the Manege is a devastation that remained on the site of a traveling circus. Dilapidated awnings, lowered and soiled tents, a transparent balloon, mutilated with holes and patches, and a foil airship, like a Leviathan, billowing and breathing at the entrance to the exhibition.

“I grew up in wartime,” says the 56-year-old artist from Seoul.- My parents were opposed to the ideology imposed by the state. The government monitored them: every month a policeman came to our house and checked for prohibited literature and so on. We constantly moved, did not communicate much with our neighbors. What do I remember about my childhood? Probably how my left hand was tied in calligraphy lessons. And all so that I write right. And also – how they mocked me: Lee Bul, what a stupid name (in Korean it is consonant with the word “veil”)? Once a year, we steadily changed the city, I moved to a new school.Everything around was changing: faces, houses, landscape. What was it like? ” Probably a traveling circus.

In order to better understand the works from which “Utopia Saved” was assembled, one should get acquainted with the biography of Bul. She grew up in South Korea, ruled by the dictator Park Chung Hee. “In a country made of concrete and metal,” as the artist herself puts it. Hence – her passion for light and fragile, “like a paper door in a Korean home”, materials. The bright colors and unusual textures that the artist uses refer to her childhood, in which her mother, a political prisoner and a “liberal in the flesh” could not get a job because she did not share the political system of Korea, and then she had to weave handicrafts from bright beads. with which the whole house was full of Bul.

“People who come to the exhibition,” explains the artist, “look at the beads and see the beauty shimmering in the light in front of them. For me, this is the personification of hard labor. ”

One of Bul’s conditions before organizing the exhibition in St. Petersburg was to bring to the Manezh the works of representatives of the Russian avant-garde, who were sources of inspiration for her. So, in addition to giant air and textile structures imitating the ruins of a traveling circus, the exposition was replenished with works by Kazimir Malevich (the exhibition presents the original work “Death of a Man Simultaneously on an Airplane and a Railroad”), Ivan Leonidov (Utopia “City of the Sun”), Yakov Khalip ( photographs from the Multimedia Art Museum) and other artists and architects.

The Utopia Saved Exhibition will open to the public on 13 November and will end on 31 January.

You will probably also be interested:

13 popular Russian artists who live in our time

Smell art: how smells affect memory and emotions

10 stupid questions about contemporary art – experts answer

Photo: press materials

strange antics of a little girl’s father

Krasnodar police put on the wanted list for parents who published a video on the Internet mocking their own child – a baby who is not even two months old.The grief father holds the baby by the leg and brandishes the girl like a doll. And this is not the only strange video in the family collection.

Shocking footage was taken in the area of ​​the Azheksky waterfalls near Sochi. A man in a gray T-shirt and shorts whistles and, like a doll, waving a baby in a lightweight overalls. The state of the baby does not seem to bother him at all. Off-screen, against the background of this madness, a woman’s laughter is heard. Apparently, the mother of a tiny girl is also touched by such bullying.Otherwise, it is unlikely that the family would post such a creepy video on social networks. The author of the website and, concurrently, the would-be father is “David Shopin”. According to the documents – Igor Kravtsov.

The baby juggling show lasts only half a minute. However, it is not known from which take the video was filmed. And how often does a man practice this. Hundreds of angry comments under the video:

– It’s scary to imagine how he treats a child when the camera is off!

– Do you want to cripple your own child for the sake of content ?!

Attentive viewers noticed that there is a flask for smoking marijuana to the right of the man.It is possible that it was in a state of drug intoxication that Kravtsov came up with the idea to film the abuse of his own infant. However, there are other, to put it mildly, strange shots on his page.

In these shots, Kravtsov, apparently, sitting on the balcony, with a loud bass motivates the baby to move more actively. By the way, the girl was named “Joke” by her mother and father. The parents themselves, perhaps, will soon be no laughing matter. The police are looking for them.

Alexander Runov, head of the OI and OS of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory, said: “The Sochi police have identified the parents’ identities.They turned out to be a 35-year-old resident of Moscow and a 27-year-old resident of Belgorod. Currently, the fact is being checked. Police officers carry out a complex of operational-search measures aimed at establishing the whereabouts of the child and the parents. “

The employees of the Investigative Committee also became interested in the scandalous video. They intend to understand the story of the cruel treatment of the infant: “In connection with the public outcry, the Investigative Directorate of the Territory initiated the issue of withdrawing from the police the material of the check on this fact and transferring it for further consideration to the investigative bodies of the regional administration of the TFR to give an objective legal assessment. what happened, studying the living conditions and upbringing of a minor and making a procedural decision. “

Videos in which parents abuse their children periodically appear on the Web.

In 2017, an extreme father, Roman Afanasyev, at the risk of his life, drove his little daughter in a black foreign car. At the same time, the child hung in the air – the negligent father stuck the baby out of the window. Other provocative photos were found on the parent’s social networks. For example, in one of the pictures, a man stands on the roof of a building and holds a child by the leg. Investigators opened a criminal case against Afanasyev under the article “Failure to fulfill the duties of raising a minor.”The man got off with correctional labor. He was never deprived of his parental rights.

Igor Kravtsov, who filmed an eerie video in Sochi, is yet to be tried. But regardless of its results, the question arises – how long will children have to be protected from their own parents?

how to properly prepare and store it

Reading time: ~ 9 minutes
Author: Mikhail Skvortsov

2474

As early as November, it becomes difficult to ride a bike in temperate areas.The frost lasts all day, pours out a lot of snow, and a strong wind often blows. Lovers of cycling, of course, are not happy with the arrival of cold weather. Most cyclists in Russia use their light and comfortable transport only until it snows on the street. Few of them dare to go on a winter trip. Storing a bike in the winter is not the same thing as throwing it away, anyhow, does not interfere.

Preparing for winter hibernation

Every responsible bicycle owner should know how to store a bicycle during the winter.After all, if a person plans to use a bike next year, then you need to prepare your horse for winter rest. And not just throw your vehicle onto the balcony or shove it into the corner of the garage.

Having followed the recommendations for preserving your bike step by step, you can leave it in the winter parking even in the worst storage places.

1. Bicycle wash. First, brush off any dirt from derailleurs, brake levers and wheel hubs with a brush. Wipe off grease-stained bike parts.The chain, chainrings, chainrings, chain tensioner can be easily cleaned with kerosene, acetone, white spirit and other solvents. To save on detergents and solvents, it is better to spray them with a spray bottle rather than pouring them onto a rag.
2. Carrying out technical inspection. It is better to fix all minor breakdowns right away, and you will not need to remember where it creaked last year. Worn parts found during the inspection must also be replaced immediately, and not wait for spring.
3. Grease renewal.It would be nice to replace the grease in the wheel bushings, carriage, pedals, steering column. It is still necessary to do this once a year. Remember to lubricate the washed chain, derailleurs, derailleur and brake cables. If the bike is going to be stored in an unheated room, it is important to apply a layer of silicone grease on the chrome surfaces, or even on the entire frame. This lubricant will protect metal parts from corrosion and paint from cracking, and at the same time will not harm rubber parts.
4. Removing the tension of the cables and springs.It is necessary to throw the chain switches to the prohibited position so that it lies on the smallest sprocket in front and behind. V-break brake levers, cantilever, pliers can be disengaged to release tension on their springs.
5. Reducing the pressure in the chambers. The pressure must be removed to half of the normal working pressure ─ 1–1.5 atm. You do not need to fully deflate the wheels, even when you have hung your bike on a hanger for winter storage. If the bike will stand idle on wheels for a long time, then do not forget to visit the place of its storage, and if necessary, pump up the cameras.Additionally, it is recommended to lubricate expensive tires with glycerin inside and outside to protect them from cracking in the cold.
6. Removing all power supply elements. From the bike, you need to remove all the electronics: navigator, bike computer, easily removable lights. It is important to remove the batteries from the fixed lighting fixtures, since they can be discharged during the winter and a destructive electrolyte will flow from them.
7. Reducing pressure on carbon parts. You need to loosen the seatpost and stem clamps.

Worst storage places

Most people wonder where to store their bike in the winter when choosing between an apartment and a garage. And everyone can make a mistake in their choice, remembering only about air humidity and cold and not knowing anything about other harmful factors.

1. Temperature differences. Whenever the temperature changes from low to higher, that is, when the temperature rises sharply or the heater turns on in the garage, water contained in the much warmer air condenses on the cold metal parts of the bicycle.With every significant change in temperature, invisible microcracks appear on the paintwork of the frame, forks, as well as on unprotected rubber and plastic products.
2. Direct sunlight. Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, first of all, plastic and rubber parts are gradually destroyed, they become brittle and lose elasticity, in addition, any paintwork is discolored.
3. Moisture released during rotting vegetables.

For many people, the only place to store their bike for winter storage is on the balcony.If it is not glazed, then simply rolling a bicycle onto it is like throwing it out into the street. Some, obviously having the opportunity to buy a new bike, go even further – they hang their vehicles over the side of a balcony or loggia.

To protect your bike on the balcony from rain and snow, you need to pack it in a waterproof case. It is convenient not only for storage, but also for transportation. You can buy the device at a sporting goods store or sew it yourself from a tarp. It is important that the cover has handles for hanging it on the wall.

If it is possible to keep a two-wheeled vehicle in the garage, under no circumstances lower it into the inspection pit or basement. There it will be wet all the time, especially if the basement is used as a cellar ─ for storing vegetables, and even careful preparation for winter storage will not save you from rusting.

Good storage space

A covered balcony or loggia is a good place to leave a bike for the winter. You just need to remember to cover it with a cloth, paper or oilcloth, because even in winter there are sunny days.Be sure to make sure that no water drips from drying clothes even on a covered bike.

A garage or a barn are good options for wintering your bike. And if in the garage, taking into account the car, there is not enough space for another vehicle, then any bike can be hung on the wall.

It is better to make a homemade hanger out of wood or plastic, so as not to scratch the frame when the bike is hooked on it. Suspend the two-wheeled vehicle correctly by the frame, not by the steering wheel and saddle or by the wheels.

In shops you can buy a hanger in the form of hooks, which is available to everyone, as well as a more expensive rack. The stand-up design is sturdy and space-saving, as it rests on the floor and is attached to the wall, and also allows you to mount two bikes at once one above the other.

In online stores you can buy a non-standard, but with a lot of positive reviews, the Cyclos mount, which looks like a flower pot from a distance. This mount, besides being compact, is interesting in that it can be used to hang the bike not only horizontally, but also at an angle or, in general, vertically.

The manufacturer offers the Cyclos mount in several colors to choose from.

The best storage places

The ideal place to store a bicycle is in an apartment, but in this case the problem of compact placement of transport remains. Also, you should not place your bike close to heaters, as dry air and high temperatures will damage the tires and fork seals.

Oddly enough, it is convenient to store the disassembled transport under a bed or sofa, there it will not interfere with anyone.You can also save space in your apartment by hanging your bike on a hanger.

The owners of an expensive bike model, often people involved in professional cycling, buy special cabinets for storing it.

If you do not mind spending money on parking your bike, you can leave it for the winter in a service bike workshop or a specialized parking lot equipped with warm boxes. Unfortunately, there are very few such parking spaces in Russia, and they are available only to residents of large cities.

Partial disassembly of the bike

If you don’t want to get your hands dirty, then you can simply unscrew the pedals and hook them on the back of the cranks, remove the front wheel and fender, and turn the handlebars 90 degrees in relation to the frame.

It is not necessary to lower the seatpost together with the saddle, it is inserted into the frame tube too tightly and if it is pressed down, rotating on the sides, scratches appear on it. Better to pull the saddle and pin up and remove.

If you want to put the bike under the bed, on the mezzanine, behind the closet, you will need to remove, in addition to all of the above, the rear wheel.The chain hanging from the frame must also be removed and placed in a bag, box with a lid, or a resealable jar.

To avoid having to sweep the dust off the bike with the onset of spring, cover it with a cloth or paper.

All of the above tips can not be adhered to either by extreme lovers who will ride a bicycle in the snow in winter, or by people who are indifferent to the state of their workhorse.

loading …

5 fashion tricks on how to wear a denim jacket and look slimmer

What manicure to do if you are over 45.I asked a friend of the manicurist

More recently, we talked about the types of manicure that famous actresses and singers prefer. After the publication of this article, Valentina Rudkevich, an accountant from Moscow, wrote to our editorial office, who, as it turned out, cannot imagine her life without perfect coverage on her nails.

The woman complained that some designs like Kylie Jenner’s checkerboard and J.Lo’s “precious” manicure would hardly fit into the everyday life of a lady aged 45+.When we asked how she sees the ideal design in this case, Valentina told a whole story. We share with you.

@venswifestyle

Summer for me is the perfect time to experiment with manicure. I just love to try new things, so I am constantly looking for interesting examples on the Internet. And how lucky I am that one of my friends, Oksana, is a manicurist.

The other day she called me to a meeting in a cafe. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I immediately agreed. Only then I realized that I would go to her with a terribly grown coat on my nails.It was just a very busy period at work, and I just could not get out to the salon.

On day X, Oksana kept silent about this, because she is my tactful friend. But I still noticed that she was looking at my hands. I decided to take a moment and chat about my favorite topic.

I asked her what manicure would be better for me to make it look harmonious on my hands and be fashionable. A friend suggested several options to choose from. I share 5 designs for mature pens from my friend-manicurist.

Manicure with gold accents

“When you don’t know what to do, choose a design with gold details. You can’t go wrong, ”say Oksana’s colleagues. My friend is in solidarity with them, because small golden accents give a manicure high cost and gloss, but at the same time they do not look too bright.

@nailsbysuman

As a decoration for a precious metal, I was advised to choose mica, foil, ribbons or rubbing. The main thing is not to overdo it, so as not to get a magpie manicure.

@gelsbybry

Dried flowers on nails

If you are bored with nude, but you don’t want to sacrifice the effect of unnoticeably growing nails, you should pay attention to the design with dried flowers.Oksana says that there are transparent and nude gels on sale, in which supposedly dried flowers are already immersed. Although they are actually made of plastic, they look pretty realistic. And on the nails they look original and not hackneyed.

@ lea_pro_shop @ main_shop_for_nails

Marine motives: waves and water surface

I noticed that a couple of years ago the Internet was full of pictures of the Mariana Trench on the nails. Today, the masters have moved away from this design and paint foamy sea water and blue streams.

@manicure_nail_fairytale

Oksana told me that such a design is not difficult to do. It is enough to apply several shades of blue thick gel polish to the palette, mix them a little to get stains. And then comes the trick. “When the colors are blended, the craftsmen use a wide, flat brush. They carefully scoop up the drawing from the palette and transfer it to the nail, spreading it out like from a spatula, ”says Oksana.

The result is an interesting design that you just want to look at.A friend says that her nails with such a manicure are always scrutinized in transport, and friends often ask how to do it.

@____annails____

Animal print

I noticed that manicure with imitation of animal skins does not lose its popularity among women of all ages. I asked a friend about him.

Oksana answered that zebra, tiger, leopard, giraffe, cow and snake are the most relevant and demanded prints. They can be painted on all nails, on a couple and even on a wide strip of French, as well as combined with other designs.They look especially interesting under a matte or corduroy top – this is how nail art repeats the natural texture of animal hair as much as possible.