What are the main symptoms of colitis in men. How is colitis diagnosed and treated. Can colitis be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes. What are the long-term complications of untreated colitis.

What is Colitis and How Does it Affect Men?

Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. While it can affect both men and women, there are some unique considerations for men with this condition.

Colitis in men typically presents with symptoms like recurrent diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, and frequent bowel movements. The severity can vary, with some men experiencing mild, intermittent symptoms and others dealing with severe, persistent issues that significantly impact their quality of life.

Key Facts About Colitis in Men:

• More commonly diagnosed between ages 15-35
• Can affect fertility and sexual function
• May increase risk of colon cancer if left untreated
• Often requires lifelong management

Common Symptoms and Warning Signs of Colitis

Recognizing the symptoms of colitis is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Men with colitis may experience a range of symptoms, which can vary in intensity and duration.

Primary Symptoms of Colitis:

1. Recurring diarrhea, often containing blood or mucus
2. Abdominal pain and cramping
3. Urgent need to have bowel movements
4. Fatigue and weakness
5. Unintended weight loss
6. Loss of appetite

Is blood in stool always a sign of colitis. While blood in the stool can be a significant indicator of colitis, it’s not always present. Some men with mild colitis may not experience visible bleeding. However, any persistent changes in bowel habits or unexplained bleeding should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Diagnosing Colitis: What to Expect

Diagnosing colitis in men typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management of the condition.

Common Diagnostic Procedures:

• Blood tests to check for anemia and inflammation markers
• Stool samples to rule out infections
• Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to visualize the colon
• Biopsy of colon tissue for microscopic examination
• Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs in some cases

How long does it take to diagnose colitis. The time to diagnose colitis can vary depending on the individual case. Some men may receive a diagnosis within a few weeks of initial symptoms, while others might require several months of testing and evaluation. Prompt reporting of symptoms to a healthcare provider can help expedite the diagnostic process.

Treatment Options for Men with Colitis

Treatment for colitis in men aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. The approach often involves a combination of medications and lifestyle modifications.

Medication Options:

1. Aminosalicylates (ASAs) to reduce inflammation
2. Corticosteroids for acute flare-ups
3. Immunosuppressants to modulate the immune response
4. Biologic therapies for severe cases

Are there any specific considerations for treating colitis in men. While the general treatment approach is similar for both men and women, there are some considerations specific to men. For instance, certain medications used to treat colitis may affect sperm quality or fertility. Men planning to have children should discuss these potential effects with their healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Management and Dietary Considerations

In addition to medical treatments, lifestyle changes and dietary modifications can play a crucial role in managing colitis symptoms in men.

Lifestyle Tips for Men with Colitis:

• Identify and avoid trigger foods
• Stay hydrated
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques
• Exercise regularly, as tolerated
• Quit smoking, if applicable
• Consider dietary supplements as recommended by a healthcare provider

Can dietary changes alone cure colitis in men. While dietary modifications can significantly help manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups, they cannot cure colitis. Colitis is a chronic condition that typically requires ongoing medical management in addition to lifestyle changes. However, a well-planned diet can complement medical treatment and improve overall quality of life for men with colitis.

Potential Complications and Long-Term Outlook

Understanding the potential complications of colitis is crucial for men living with this condition. While proper management can significantly reduce risks, it’s important to be aware of possible long-term effects.

Possible Complications of Colitis in Men:

1. Increased risk of colon cancer
2. Osteoporosis due to long-term steroid use
3. Anemia from chronic blood loss
4. Liver disease in some cases
5. Increased risk of blood clots
6. Potential fertility issues

Does colitis always lead to serious complications in men. Not all men with colitis will experience severe complications. The risk of developing complications often depends on factors such as the severity and extent of the disease, adherence to treatment plans, and individual health factors. Regular check-ups and proper management can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications.

Impact on Men’s Sexual Health and Fertility

Colitis can have significant impacts on men’s sexual health and fertility, which are important considerations for many patients.

Sexual Health and Fertility Concerns:

• Reduced libido during flare-ups
• Erectile dysfunction as a side effect of certain medications
• Potential impact on sperm quality and quantity
• Concerns about body image and intimacy
• Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections in some cases

Can men with colitis father children. In most cases, men with colitis can father children. However, certain medications used to treat colitis may temporarily affect fertility. Additionally, active disease and related factors like malnutrition can impact sperm production. Men with colitis who are planning to have children should discuss their fertility concerns with their healthcare provider to develop an appropriate management plan.

Coping Strategies and Support for Men with Colitis

Living with colitis can be challenging, but there are numerous coping strategies and support systems available to help men manage the physical and emotional aspects of the condition.

Effective Coping Mechanisms:

1. Joining support groups or online communities
2. Seeking counseling or therapy if needed
3. Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga
4. Maintaining open communication with partners and family members
5. Staying informed about the latest treatments and research
6. Planning ahead for social events and travel

How can men with colitis maintain a positive outlook. Maintaining a positive outlook with colitis involves a combination of effective disease management, emotional support, and lifestyle adjustments. Focusing on what can be controlled, setting realistic goals, and celebrating small victories can help men maintain a positive perspective. Additionally, connecting with others who have similar experiences can provide valuable support and encouragement.

Living with colitis presents unique challenges for men, but with proper management and support, many are able to lead fulfilling, active lives. By understanding the condition, working closely with healthcare providers, and adopting healthy lifestyle practices, men with colitis can effectively manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. It’s important to remember that each individual’s experience with colitis is unique, and personalized care plans often yield the best results.

Ulcerative colitis – NHS

Ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.

The colon is the large intestine (bowel) and the rectum is the end of the bowel where poo is stored.

Small ulcers can develop on the colon’s lining, and can bleed and produce pus.

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

The main symptoms of ulcerative colitis are:

• recurring diarrhoea, which may contain blood, mucus or pus
• tummy pain
• needing to poo frequently

You may also experience extreme tiredness (fatigue), loss of appetite and weight loss.

The severity of the symptoms varies, depending on how much of the rectum and colon is inflamed and how severe the inflammation is.

For some people, the condition has a significant impact on their everyday lives.

Symptoms of a flare-up

Some people may go for weeks or months with very mild symptoms, or none at all (remission), followed by periods where the symptoms are particularly troublesome (flare-ups or relapses).

During a flare-up, some people with ulcerative colitis also experience symptoms elsewhere in their body; which are known as extra-intestinal symptoms.

These can include:

• painful and swollen joints (arthritis)
• mouth ulcers
• swollen fat under the skin causing bumps and patches – this is known as erythema nodosum
• irritated and red eyes
• problems with bones, such as osteoporosis

In many people, no specific trigger for flare-ups is identified, although a gut infection can occasionally be the cause.

Stress is also thought to be a potential factor.

When to get medical advice

You should see a GP as soon as possible if you have symptoms of ulcerative colitis and you have not been diagnosed with the condition.

They can arrange blood or poo sample tests to help determine what may be causing your symptoms.

If necessary, they can refer you to hospital for further tests.

Find out more about diagnosing ulcerative colitis

If you have been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and think you may be having a severe flare-up, contact a GP or your care team for advice.

You may need to be urgently admitted to hospital for immediate care.

If you cannot contact your GP or care team, call NHS 111 or contact your local out-of-hours service.

What causes ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is thought to be an autoimmune condition.

This means the immune system, the body’s defence against infection, goes wrong and attacks healthy tissue.

The most popular theory is that the immune system mistakes harmless bacteria inside the colon as a threat and attacks the tissues of the colon, causing it to become inflamed.

Exactly what causes the immune system to behave in this way is unclear.

Many experts think it’s a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Who’s affected

The UK Crohn’s & Colitis UK charity reports at least 1 in every 227 people in the UK has been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. This amounts to around 296,000 people.

The condition can develop at any age, but is most often diagnosed in people between 15 and 25 years old.

It’s more common in white people of European descent, especially those descended from Ashkenazi Jewish communities, and black people.

The condition is rarer in people from Asian backgrounds, although the reasons for this are unclear.

Both men and women seem to be equally affected by ulcerative colitis.

How ulcerative colitis is treated

Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to relieve symptoms during a flare-up and prevent symptoms from returning (maintaining remission).

In most people, this is achieved by taking medicine, such as:

• aminosalicylates (ASAs)
• corticosteroids (steroid medicines)
• immunosuppressants

Mild to moderate flare-ups can usually be treated at home. But more severe flare-ups need to be treated in hospital.

If medicines are not effective at controlling your symptoms or your quality of life is significantly affected by your condition, surgery to remove some or all of your bowel (colon) may be an option.

During surgery, your small intestine can be diverted out of an opening in your abdomen known as a stoma. This type of surgery is known as an ileostomy.

In some cases, the stoma is only temporary and can be closed up once your bowel has healed.

An alternative option is to create an internal pouch that’s connected to your anus called an ileoanal pouch.

Read more about treating ulcerative colitis

Complications of ulcerative colitis

Complications of ulcerative colitis include:

• an increased risk of developing bowel cancer
• poor growth and development in children and young people

Also, the steroid medicines used to treat ulcerative colitis can cause weakening of the bones (osteoporosis) as a side effect.

Read more about the complications of ulcerative colitis

IBD or IBS?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term mainly used to describe 2 conditions that cause inflammation of the gut (gastrointestinal tract).

They are:

• ulcerative colitis
• Crohn’s disease

IBD should not be confused with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a different condition and requires different treatment.

Information:

Social care and support guide

If you:

• need help with day-to-day living because of illness or disability
• care for someone regularly because they’re ill, elderly or disabled (including family members)

Our guide to care and support explains your options and where you can get support.

Page last reviewed: 01 November 2022
Next review due: 01 November 2025

Ulcerative colitis – Treatment – NHS

Treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on how severe the condition is and how often your symptoms flare-up.

The main aims of treatment are to:

• reduce symptoms, known as inducing remission (a period without symptoms)
• maintain remission

This usually involves taking various types of medicine, although surgery may sometimes be an option.

Your treatment will normally be provided by a range of healthcare professionals, including:

• specialist doctors, such as gastroenterologists or surgeons
• GPs
• specialist nurses

Your care will often be co-ordinated by your specialist nurse and your care team, and they’ll usually be your main point of contact if you need help and advice.

Aminosalicylates

Aminosalicylates, also known as 5-ASAs, are medicines that help to reduce inflammation. This in turn allows damaged tissue to heal.

They’re usually the first treatment option for mild or moderate ulcerative colitis.

5-ASAs can be used as a short-term treatment for flare-ups. They can also be taken long term, usually for the rest of your life, to maintain remission.

5-ASAs can be taken:

• orally – by swallowing a tablet or capsule
• as a suppository – a capsule that you insert into your bottom (rectum), where it dissolves
• through an enema – where fluid is pumped into your large intestine

How you take 5-ASAs depends on the severity and extent of your condition.

If you have mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis, you’ll usually be offered a 5-ASA to take in suppository or enema form.

If your symptoms do not improve after 4 weeks, you may be advised to take 5-ASA in tablet or capsule form as well.

These medicines rarely have side effects, but some people may experience:

• headaches
• feeling sick
• tummy pain
• a rash
• diarrhoea

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids, such as prednisolone, are an alternative type of medicine used to reduce inflammation.

They can be used with or instead of 5-ASAs to treat a flare-up if 5-ASAs alone are not effective.

Like 5-ASAs, steroids can be administered orally, or through a suppository or enema.

But unlike 5-ASAs, corticosteroids are not used as a long-term treatment to maintain remission because they can cause potentially serious side effects, such as weakening of the bones (osteoporosis) and cloudy patches in the lens of the eye (cataracts), when used for a long time.

Side effects of short-term steroid use can include:

• acne
• weight gain
• increased appetite
• mood changes, such as becoming more irritable
• difficulty sleeping (insomnia)

Find out more about the side effects of corticosteroids

Immunosuppressants

Immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus and azathioprine, are medicines that reduce the activity of the immune system.

They’re usually given as tablets to treat mild or moderate flare-ups, or maintain remission if your symptoms have not responded to other medicines.

Immunosuppressants can be very effective in treating ulcerative colitis, but they may take a while to start working.

The medicines can make you more vulnerable to infection, so it’s important to report any signs of infection, such as a high temperature or sickness, promptly to a GP.

They can also lower the production of red blood cells, making you prone to anaemia.

You’ll need regular blood tests to monitor your blood cell levels and check for any other problems.

Treating severe flare-ups

While mild or moderate flare-ups can usually be treated at home, more severe flare-ups should be managed in hospital to minimise the risk of dehydration and potentially fatal complications, such as your colon rupturing.

In hospital, you’ll be given medicine and sometimes fluids directly into a vein (intravenously).

The medicines you have may be a type of corticosteroid or an immunosuppressant medicine called infliximab or ciclosporin.

Ciclosporin

Ciclosporin is given slowly through a drip in your arm (an infusion) and treatment will usually be continuous, for around 7 days.

Side effects of intravenous ciclosporin can include:

• an uncontrollable shaking or trembling of part of the body (a tremor)
• excessive hair growth
• extreme tiredness (fatigue)
• swollen gums
• feeling and being sick
• diarrhoea

Ciclosporin can also cause high blood pressure and reduced kidney and liver function, but you’ll be monitored regularly during treatment to check for signs of these.

Biologic medicines

Biologic medicines are medicines that reduce inflammation of the intestine by targeting proteins the immune system uses to stimulate inflammation.

These medicines block these receptors and reduce inflammation.

They may be used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis if other options are not suitable or not working.

Biologic medicines are given in hospital as an infusion through a drip in your arm every 4 to 12 weeks, or as an injection every 1 to 4 weeks.

Your treatment team will then see how you respond to treatment. If your symptoms are under control (remission) for a year or more, they may recommend treatment is stopped.

Biologic medicines affect your immune system and can increase your risk of getting infections. Talk to a GP if you have any symptoms of a possible infection, such as coughs, a high temperature or a sore throat.

Find out more about biologic medicines from Crohn’s & Colitis UK

JAK inhibitors

There are now new types of medicines called JAK inhibitors, such as tofacitinib and filgotinib, that can be used to treat ulcerative colitis.

These work by blocking enzymes (proteins) that the immune system uses to trigger inflammation.

JAK inhibitors can be taken as tablets.

JAK inhibitors may be recommended for people with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis if standard treatments or biologics have not worked, or are not suitable.

JAK inhibitors are not recommended for use in pregnancy. Women should use reliable contraception when taking them, for at least 4 weeks after finishing the course.

Ozanimod

A medicine called ozanimod may be recommended for people with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis if standard treatments or biologic medicines have not worked or are not suitable.

It comes as tablets that you take once a day. You’ll usually take it long term. You’ll have regular checks with your treatment team to see if it’s working well for you.

Ozanimod affects your immune system and can increase your risk of getting infections. Talk to a GP if you have any symptoms of a possible infection, such as coughs, a high temperature or a sore throat.

Find out more about ozanimod from Crohn’s & Colitis UK

Surgery

If you have frequent flare-ups that have a significant effect on your quality of life, or you have a particularly severe flare-up that’s not responding to medicines, surgery may be an option.

Surgery for ulcerative colitis involves permanently removing the colon (a colectomy).

Once your colon is removed, your small intestine will be used to pass waste products out of your body instead of your colon.

This can be achieved by creating:

• an ileostomy – where the small intestine is diverted out of a hole made in your tummy; special bags are placed over this opening to collect waste materials after the operation
• an ileoanal pouch (also known as a J-pouch) – where part of the small intestine is used to create an internal pouch that’s then connected to your anus, allowing you to poo normally

As the colon is removed, ulcerative colitis cannot come back again after surgery.

But it’s important to consider the risks of surgery and the impact of having a permanent ileostomy or ileoanal pouch.

Your healthcare team will discuss the best option with you.

Find out more about ileostomies

Help and support

Living with a condition like ulcerative colitis, especially if your symptoms are severe, can be a frustrating and isolating experience.

Talking to others with the condition can provide support and comfort.

Crohn’s & Colitis UK provides information on where you can find help and support

Page last reviewed: 01 November 2022
Next review due: 01 November 2025

causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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Colitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Colitis is the general term for a group of disorders characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa.

Causes of colitis

Colitis can develop as a result of infection, insufficiency of blood supply to the intestine (ischemia), drug damage, is secondary to immunodeficiency conditions, can occur after radiation therapy of the pelvic organs in gynecological, urological and rectal cancer.

Inflammation of the colonic mucosa is characteristic of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Microscopic colitis is also distinguished, in which the data of X-ray and endoscopic examinations of the intestine do not show abnormalities, and signs of inflammation are determined by biopsy.

Infectious lesions of the intestine can be caused by bacteria (most often Campylobacter jejuni ), viruses, protozoa and parasites. Infection with bacteria Campylobacter jejuni occurs as a result of eating dirty food or water. The development of colitis depends on the number of bacteria that have entered the intestines, their virulence (the ability to cause disease) and the person’s immunity. The incubation period is 2-4 days. Bacteria multiply in bile, and then penetrate through the mucous membrane into the intestine, causing severe inflammation.

Other bacterial pathogens are Salmonella, Shigella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The reason for the development of infectious colitis in patients with weakened immunity, in patients with blood diseases, neoplasms, radiation sickness can be conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (representatives of normal intestinal microflora) – staphylococci, proteas, E. coli.

The toxin-producing anaerobic bacteria Clostridium difficile cause pseudomembranous colitis. The disease occurs against the background of changes in the normal intestinal microflora, mainly under the influence of antibiotics (cephalosporins, beta-lactam drugs), which inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and ensure the growth of Clostridium difficile .

Among the viruses that can cause colitis, cytomegalovirus is distinguished, among the protozoa – dysenteric amoeba ( Entamoeba histolytica ). Parasites whose vital activity results in colitis include pinworms, roundworms, whipworms, among those circulating in the blood are schistosomes.

Ischemic colitis occurs when there is insufficient blood supply to the large intestine, which leads to inflammation of the mucosa, the appearance of ulcers and hemorrhages.

The longer the interruption of blood supply, the more severely the intestines are affected. With the resumption of normal circulation, a reperfusion syndrome may occur, which leads to further severe damage to the intestine. Patients with ischemic colitis usually suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system (heart failure, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation), may have malignant neoplasms and pathologies of the blood coagulation system leading to thrombosis. In addition, ischemic intestinal damage is determined during the so-called iatrogenic (medical care-related) interventions – operations to eliminate an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, in preparation for colonoscopy or during its implementation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, proton pump inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins, immunosuppressive drugs can lead to drug-induced colitis.

The development of microscopic colitis is associated with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, and thyroid dysfunction. There are two main subtypes of microscopic colitis – collagenous and lymphocytic.

UC and CD are classified as so-called inflammatory bowel diseases. The exact causes of the development of these diseases are unknown, however, it is likely that damage to the intestinal wall in UC is accompanied by an autoimmune reaction with the production of antibodies to the intestinal cells. Among the reasons for the development of CD, hereditary, infectious, immunological, etc. are discussed, but none of the theories is currently absolutely confirmed.

Classification of the disease

In addition to the etiological (causal) factor, colitis is divided depending on the severity of the process (acute and chronic) and severity. Chronic colitis is classified according to the nature of the course of the disease (continuous, recurrent, intermittent) and phases (exacerbation or remission). Depending on how the large intestine is affected in chronic colitis, typhlitis (inflammation of the caecum), transversitis (inflammation of the transverse colon), sigmoiditis (inflammation of the sigmoid colon), proctitis (inflammation of the rectum), angular colitis (left and right-sided depending on the affected bend of the transverse colon), and often they can be combined (proctosigmoiditis). With pancolitis, all parts of the large intestine are affected.

Symptoms of colitis

Acute colitis is accompanied by severe pain, patients report pain and cramps in the abdomen and rectum (tenesmus). Chronic inflammation is characterized by colic and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. Patients may experience constipation, watery diarrhea, sometimes with blood and mucus, turbulence in the abdomen, false urge to defecate, fatigue, fever.

In Crohn’s disease, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, anemia, lesions of the anal and perianal region with the formation of fistulas, ulcers, anal fissures are present. Often there are extraintestinal manifestations – arthritis, eye lesions, aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum – these lesions are noted in a third of patients with CD and are inextricably linked with intestinal inflammation.

The clinical picture of ulcerative colitis also includes pain, tenesmus, blood in the stool and diarrhea at night. As in CD, the development of UC is accompanied by extraintestinal lesions of the skin, oral cavity, joints, and organs of vision.

Colitis diagnostics

Diagnosis of colitis is based on clinical and laboratory data, endoscopy and biopsy.

First of all, it is necessary to conduct microbiological studies and cultures to rule out infection.

• Coprogram.

Koprogramma, Stool

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc.).
We recommend that you check the details…

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Campylobacter spp. culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing

The method of bacteriological examination of feces in order to detect and identify the causative agents of campylobacteriosis.

Campylobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori) was discovered by Marsha. ..

Up to 5 business days

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Culture for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) and antimicrobial susceptibility test

Diagnosis of the etiology of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Escherichia coli (or simply E.coli) are gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. …

Up to 6 business days

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RUB 1,260

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Culture for pathogenic intestinal flora and determination of sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs

Determination of the etiology of ACID (acute intestinal infectious disease) and the choice of rational antibiotic therapy.

Rational therapy of dysentery is based …

Up to 6 business days

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1 200 RUB

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Fecal analysis for protozoa (PRO stool)

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Fecal analysis for helminth eggs (helminth eggs)

There are restrictions on the days of taking samples in medical offices and receiving samples self-collected for this study (feces, urine, etc. ).
We recommend clarifying the in…

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Clostridium difficile culture

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In addition, the following tests are recommended:

• fecal occult blood test;

Fecal occult blood (colorectal bleeding), quantitative immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test FOB Gold

Synonyms: Fecal occult blood test.
Occult blood in feces (colorectal bleeding), quantitative immunoassay FOB Gold; FOB Gold Test.
Brief description of the study “Occult blood in the feces (colorectal cells)

Up to 3 business days

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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, ANCA Ig G (Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with indication of the type of luminescence – cytoplasmic or perinuclear, pANCA and cANCA, IgG)

Test used in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis.

In the study of serum by indirect immunofluorescence using fixed…

Up to 9working days

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To make a final diagnosis, endoscopic examination with biological material sampling (biopsy) is required:

• colonoscopy with sedation;

Colonoscopy with sedation (sleep)

Therapeutic and diagnostic method for examining the large intestine, during which, if necessary, minor surgical intervention (biopsy) can be performed. ..

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Gastroscopy with sedation (during sleep)

Diagnostic examination of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Rectosigmoscopy

Endoscopic examination of a section of the large intestine, which allows obtaining information about its condition and detecting various pathologies.

RUB 3,290

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Which doctors to contact

If you experience abdominal pain, stool disorders, symptoms of general intoxication, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, weakness, you should contact

general practitioner

who will choose the scope of necessary examinations and treatment, as well as determine the need for consultation of narrow specialists:

gastroenterologist

,

oncologist

proctologist.

Treatment of colitis

Some infectious colitis require antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics are indicated for patients with dysentery and high fever, malignant neoplasms, AIDS patients, patients after transplantation, prosthetics, valvular heart disease and the elderly.

For mild to moderate cases of Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis, metronidazole is the preferred treatment. In severe cases, vancomycin is recommended. In complicated cases – oral administration of vancomycin with intravenous administration of metronidazole.

Cytomegalovirus colitis is treated with valganciclovir; the duration of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the clinical picture and laboratory parameters.

The goal of therapy for NUC and BK is to achieve and maintain remission, prevent complications, timely appointment of surgical treatment, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Treatment options for UC include medication, surgery, psychosocial support, and dietary advice. The basis of conservative therapy are preparations of 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, but a complete cure is achieved only through surgical intervention.

CD therapy is based on steroid hormones, salicylates, immunosuppressants and antibacterial drugs. Unlike NUC, in Crohn’s disease, surgical treatment, unfortunately, does not lead to a cure for patients, and its goal is to combat complications and improve the quality of life of patients when this cannot be achieved with medications.

Patients with ischemic bowel disease without signs of peritonitis (inflammation of the serous lining of the abdominal cavity) are indicated for drug treatment with replenishment of circulating blood volume and optimization of heart function, antibiotic therapy, oxygen support and intravenous nutrition to ensure peace of the intestine. In case of insufficiency of drug treatment and the development of peritoneal signs or intestinal perforation, bowel resection is required.

Complications

Complications of colitis include:

• perforation (through damage to the wall) of the intestine,
• strictures (narrowings) of the intestine, fistulas, abscesses and intestinal obstruction,
• fecal incontinence,
• skin fistulas, especially in Crohn’s disease,
• inflammatory complications after surgery for UC and CD,
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (for Campylobacter jejuni colitis, cytomegalovirus colitis and UC),
• hemolytic uremic syndrome (with enterohemorrhagic E. coli, with shigellosis),
• encephalopathy, convulsions (with shigellosis),
• Toxic megacolon is a rare complication of colitis characterized by total or segmental expansion of the large intestine, which is not associated with obstruction (obstruction), but is caused by systemic intoxication. The overall mortality rate for this complication reaches 19%. Ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis are complicated by toxic megacolon in more than 60% of cases.

Colitis prevention

As a preventive measure for inflammatory bowel diseases, general measures are recommended: compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and the regime of work and rest, a healthy diet, timely preventive examinations and treatment of chronic diseases. Mironov I. L., Ratnikova L. I., Pirogov D. V., Milchenko I. B. Colitis associated with C. Difficile. Experimental and clinical gastroenterology, journal. Issue 111, No. 11, 2014. P. 65-69.

Clinical guidelines “Ulcerative colitis (adults). Developed by: Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Association of Coloproctologists. – 2020.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes over time, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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symptoms and diagnosis, prices for the treatment of colitis in Moscow at the Hadassah clinic

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At the Hadassah clinic, the treatment of chronic digestive diseases is approached in a complex manner. Leading gastroenterologists will help identify inflammatory triggers of colitis and reduce their impact. An individual treatment program will be selected for your case, including a special diet, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs, and intestinal support drugs.

In some cases (with severe ulcerative colitis), patients undergo surgical treatment. We adhere to world standards of medical care, which allows us to guarantee quality and safety.

Colitis is a prolonged inflammation of the colon or rectum, which usually occurs with ulceration of the mucosa. It can lead to recurrent diarrhea, bloody and mucous fecal excretion, abdominal pain, a strong feeling of weakness, decreased appetite and weight loss. The disease can occur in acute or chronic form – with occasional exacerbations. What is intestinal colitis and what are its symptoms, you will learn on this page.

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PECULIARITIES OF COLITIS TREATMENT IN HADASSAH

International treatment protocols

The doctors of the Hadassah gastroenterology department in Moscow carry out treatment measures in accordance with modern international protocols, which guarantees the maximum therapeutic effect.

Individual approach

Together with you, the gastroenterologist will consider the risks and benefits of all treatment options and help you make an informed decision.

Innovative drugs

The Hadassah clinic is located on the territory of the Moscow International Medical Cluster and operates within the framework of Federal Law-160. According to the law, we can use the latest equipment and drugs of the latest generation that have not yet been registered in Russia.

Solving problems of any complexity

A strong team of specialists from the surgical division and advanced operating rooms equipped with unique equipment provide a solution to a problem of any complexity.

Department doctors

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Buchina
Anaida Valerievna

General practitioner, gastroenterologist, Ph.D.

Work experience: 24 years

Cost of admission: from 9000 ₽

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Dobritsyn
Igor Aleksandrovich

Gastroenterologist

Work experience: 28 years

Admission fee: from 6500 ₽

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Zavarzina
Natalia Pavlovna

Gastroenterologist-nutritionist

Work experience: 14 years

Appointment fee: from 6500 ₽

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Kanshina
Antonina Aleksandrovna

Pediatric gastroenterologist, pediatrician, Ph. D.

Work experience: 11 years

Admission fee: from 9000 ₽

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Nikolaeva
Natalia Petrovna

Gastroenterologist

Work experience: 12 years

Appointment fee: from 6500 ₽

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Petrachenkova
Maria Yurievna

Hepatologist, gastroenterologist

Work experience: 12 years

Admission fee: from 6500 ₽

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Drunk
Olga Pavlovna

Endocrinologist, dietitian, Ph.D.

Work experience: 11 years

Cost of admission: from 9000 ₽

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Fedulenkova
Lyudmila Viktorovna

Nephrologist, gastroenterologist-hepatologist, Ph.D.

Work experience: 25 years

Admission fee: from 9000 ₽

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Yakushev
Andrey Alexandrovich

Gastroenterologist, hepatologist, therapist

Work experience: 5 years

Admission fee: from 6500 ₽

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MAIN SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INTESTINAL COLITIS

• diarrhea;
• mucus and/or blood in feces;
• left abdominal pain;
• feeling of weakness;
• fever;
• loss of appetite and weight;
• frequent need to have a bowel movement;
• unexplained weight loss;
• discomfort during defecation.

In rare cases, there is a rash on the body, irritation of the conjunctiva of the eyes and arthralgia (joint pain).

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Causes of colitis

Cause unknown. Colitis is believed to be autoimmune, in which the body’s defense system attacks healthy tissues. Presumably this is due to genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors:

• penetration into the intestines of pathogenic microorganisms;
• long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, etc.;
• partial or complete blockage of the arteries, leading to disruption of the blood supply to the colon.

Also, colitis can develop against the background of other diseases of the digestive system in the absence of timely treatment.

TYPES OF DISEASE

They directly depend on the cause of the disease. The most common colitis is infectious, ischemic, medicinal, microscopic, radiation, ulcerative.

Infectious colitis

Both adults and children who have encountered it at an early age know about it. This common disease occurs due to the ingestion of harmful microorganisms from the outside or the activation of opportunistic microflora in the intestine itself. The development of inflammation is largely facilitated by unsanitary conditions and a hot climate. This form of colitis is treated by infectious disease doctors. Self-medication is unacceptable, since inflammation can provoke atrophic colitis, which is even more dangerous. It is characterized by attacks of acute pain in the abdomen, problems with defecation, significant weight loss. This condition is dangerous in itself and can provoke an exacerbation of other diseases of the patient.

Ischemic colitis

Symptoms occur predominantly in adults (over 45 years of age). The disease is provoked by violations of the normal functioning of the circulatory system. Insufficient blood supply to the intestinal walls causes local inflammation, which can become protracted and even accompany the patient for the rest of his life. With the most pessimistic forecasts, it can turn into necrosis, so it is very important to undergo the necessary examinations in a timely manner and be regularly observed by a specialized specialist. Ischemic colitis is treated by coloproctologists. In addition, the removal of symptoms and therapy of this disease are within the competence of gastroenterologists and surgeons.

Drug-induced colitis

May be triggered by regular use of strong drugs: long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, etc. The doctor must warn the patient about the risks of such drug therapy, the same information should be contained in the instructions for the product. It is fundamentally important to tell your doctor about the ailment that has appeared, so that the specialist can adjust the treatment plan as soon as possible.

Microscopic colitis

Carriers of autoimmune diseases may encounter it. The risk group includes patients with dysfunction of various organs and systems. Their weakened bodies do not always cope well with common diseases, and acute colitis, which is usually easily managed with diet and standard drug therapy, can become another long-term comorbidity.

Radiation colitis

May occur as a reaction to topical cancer treatments. Aggressive impact on the pelvic organs can negatively affect the functioning of the intestines. As a result, undesirable consequences may occur, a person who has not previously encountered gastrointestinal diseases is at risk. Radiation colitis is completely impossible to cure, but it is possible to stabilize the patient’s condition. Competent recommendations will be given by a coloproctologist.

Ulcerative colitis

Can develop at any age, but most often between 15 and 25 years of age. This disease occurs in both men and women. Its cause is unknown. It is believed that such colitis is autoimmune. This is a series of diseases in which the body’s defense system attacks healthy tissues. This is presumably due to a genetic predisposition. Therapy is more focused on alleviating the phenomena that cause inflammation. The most common method of treatment is medical, in a few patients there may be a need for surgery. Treatment of ulcerative and nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the intestine is within the competence of gastroenterologists.

FORMS OF COLITIS

There are two of them: acute and chronic. The latter can proceed:

• In a continuous form, with persistent relapses.
• Paroxysmal (affects the patient’s lifestyle, the extent to which he complies with medical recommendations).
• At rest, that is, remission. But even in this case, the patient cannot be considered fully recovered. The diagnosis remains in the anamnesis for life.

Please note that other medical terms can be seen on the patient card. The fact is that colitis is rather a collective name for acute and chronic inflammatory processes in the large intestine. And there are details.

So, if the inflammation is localized in the caecum, then typhlitis will be mentioned in the diagnosis.

Pathology may affect the transverse colon. In this case, in the conclusion they will write “travversit” or “angular colitis”, depending on its affected bend. If the lesion of the intestine is bilateral, they will write “proctosigmoiditis” in the extract.

The sigmoid colon often becomes inflamed. In this case, the doctor will talk about sigmoiditis.

If the rectum is affected, the specialist will diagnose proctitis.

If the entire large intestine is affected, they will write “pancloit” in the conclusion.

DIAGNOSIS OF COLITIS

If signs of colitis appear, it is recommended to consult a proctologist, gastroenterologist or surgeon. The doctor will examine you and take a medical history. If necessary, the following tests may be required:

• blood tests;
• diagnosis of anemia or inflammation;
• faecal tests;
• exclusion of infection, internal bleeding or colonic parasitic infestation;
• barium enema;
• examination of the structural features of the intestine;
• colonoscopy;
• imaging of the entire colon;
• differential diagnosis of colitis to exclude diseases that have a similar clinical picture.

TREATMENTS FOR COLITIS

The choice of treatment for colitis in men and women is based on the degree of activity, course and symptoms of the disease, the density of relapses, the findings of inflammation outside the intestines, previous treatment and the side effects of these drugs. The goal of therapy is to relieve symptoms and achieve remission.

To prevent/suppress the final inflammatory activity in relation to the mucous membrane of the colon, drug treatment is used, depending on the severity of the course of colitis, one type of drug or a combination of drugs is prescribed:

• Corticosteroids stool regulation and appetite restoration.
• Antibiotics Infection control (destruction of the pathogen).
• Anthelmintics (for helminthic infestations). Destruction of parasites that provoke the inflammatory process in the intestines.
• Immunosuppressants Used only in case of confirmed immune disease to restore the protective functions of the body.
• Symptomatic therapy Indicated to restore bowel function. For this, antidiarrheal drugs, antispasmodics and iron supplements are used.
• Surgical intervention The need for intervention arises only in advanced cases, when conservative therapy is no longer effective.

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Possible complications of the disease

Both acute and chronic colitis can not only reduce the quality of life, but also lead to borderline conditions. Inflammation can provoke erosion, ulcers and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. This is how catarrhal and erosive-ulcerative colitis manifests itself. In advanced cases, possible:

• internal bleeding;
• tissue atrophy leading to peritonitis;
• intestinal rupture;
• obstruction of the stool due to the formation of adhesions;
• scarring of mucous tissue, due to which the lumen of the large intestine narrows.

It is essential to start treatment immediately and, at the first symptoms of intestinal colitis, contact a pediatric or adult specialist for referrals for the necessary tests and examinations.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE THE PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE

Knowing how to correctly build a diet and daily routine, you can, if not cure intestinal colitis forever, then significantly reduce the risk of its recurrence.

Diet prescription. Refusal of spicy, fatty and smoked foods. Including more fruits and vegetables in your diet.

• Your task is to help the body get the maximum of nutrients from food. Meals should be easily digestible. With an exacerbation of the disease, it is rational to puree food with a blender to minimize the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
• Eat often, once every 2-3 hours, in small portions.
• Try to minimize the use of flour, in particular fresh pastries. Bread, crackers, biscuits can become an alternative.
• For fried dishes, prefer steamed, stewed, baked, but without the formation of a crust. Make casseroles, cereals on the water, cook light low-fat soups from chicken, beef, veal, turkey.
• Focus on lean food: during the period of exacerbation, spices, vinegar, excessive salt intake are undesirable.
• Avoid stool-thinning foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, and juices. Strong tea, coffee is also temporarily banned.
• Products designed to help the intestines get rid of constipation are harmful for colitis. Their use further injures the mucosa. Thus, with a healing diet, you need to give up legumes, bran and other products from this list.
• During the period of exacerbation, it is not recommended to consume milk. Dairy products can be used in doses. Try to control your condition, and if you feel that dairy products are negatively affecting, adjust your diet.
• There are no restrictions on fluid intake – water, weak tea and herbal decoctions, compotes, fruit drinks.

At the acute stage, following a strict diet is just as important as taking medication. It is necessary to spend at least 3-5 days on such a diet, and it is possible to expand the diet only in agreement with the doctor. The specialist will draw conclusions based on the results of the tests and your well-being.

If intestinal colitis is chronic, the diet should always be followed – this is an important part of the treatment. Light relaxations are possible at the stage of remission, while you need to control your well-being. Flatulence, loss of appetite and weight, the appearance of pus and blood in the stool – all this indicates the beginning of the inflammatory process. It is important to prevent its development.

Preventive examinations

If you have a predisposition to colitis, it is recommended to visit a gastroenterologist and a proctologist every year. Regular follow-up with a doctor, timely delivery of tests and examinations will allow you not to miss the borderline condition and start treatment at an early stage.

Chronic colitis requires lifelong follow-up with a specialist. Inflammation may not appear outwardly for a long time, and only laboratory tests and examinations will allow you to see what is happening in the large intestine. Thus, the patient will be spared from unexpected threatening consequences of the disease.

Compliance with the regime

Both physical and mental stress can provoke an aggravation, so pay attention to your lifestyle. Intense workouts, high power loads, stress at work, experiences in your personal life – if you can minimize this, try.

Chronic care

If you have other diagnoses besides colitis, remember to follow your doctor’s instructions.

Important!

When prescribing treatment, check the compatibility of drugs. Your task is to cope with one disease and not provoke the development of another. That is, the list of drugs for the underlying disease should not include those that provoke the development of intestinal colitis.

PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS COLITIS

This disease has a favorable prognosis. Russian doctors have sufficient information about how to treat colitis, and with timely treatment and an unaggravated form of the disease, recovery will be complete.

Prevention:

Follow basic hygiene rules to avoid relapses. Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly, eat foods that have undergone sufficient heat treatment. Pay special attention to the freshness of products, the purity of the water used.

PREDICTION AND PREVENTION OF ISCHEMIC COLITIS

Ischemic colitis is not an independent disease. It is provoked by problems with the circulatory system. The prognosis for the treatment of the disease directly depends on the treatment of the underlying disease, but in general it is favorable. For the prevention of ischemic colitis, it is important to follow the basic rules of nutrition. It should be full-fledged, saturated with substances useful for the body.

PROGNOSIS OF RADIATION COLITIS

This disease causes irreversible changes in the walls of the large intestine. As a result, ulcers and strictures can appear on them, which can only be corrected with a surgical method. The prognosis will be favorable if the treatment was carried out on time and chosen correctly.

Radiation colitis is not preventable.

PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Prognosis in the treatment of ulcerative colitis directly depends on the severity of the disease. In a severe form of the disease, the patient needs to stay in the hospital.

In the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis of the intestine, modern medicine cannot give a 100% relief from the problem, only the removal of exacerbation symptoms is possible. The patient’s task is to avoid relapses by following the diet (No. 4, 4B, 4C according to Pevzner), constantly taking maintenance drugs, regularly taking tests and undergoing examinations.

In rare cases (11-22%), surgery is possible. In such a situation, the patient is prescribed a colproctectomy, that is, the removal of the colon.

Indications for surgery:

• Conservative treatment does not give a positive response, the situation worsens. At the same time, various schemes of drug therapy have been tried.
• The patient’s condition is severe, almost critical. Ulcerative colitis progresses, manifested by internal bleeding, penetrating damage to the wall of the large intestine and its toxic dilatation.

Lifetime risk of severe exacerbation after treatment is 15%. With adequate drug treatment, it is possible to avoid relapses within 5 years in 50% of patients, within 10 years – in 20%.

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Text verified by an expert doctor

Buchina
Anaida Valerievna

General practitioner, gastroenterologist, Ph.