What is dimethyl sulfoxide used for? What are the adverse reactions and safety risks of using DMSO in humans? A comprehensive review of the scientific evidence and research on the uses and potential dangers of this chemical compound.

The Versatility and Risks of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a remarkable chemical compound that has been used for a variety of purposes since the mid-19th century. Originating as a by-product of the paper-making industry, DMSO has found applications ranging from industrial solvents to potential medical treatments. However, the use of DMSO is not without its risks, and it is important to understand both the potential benefits and the adverse reactions associated with this substance.

Medical Uses of DMSO

The primary approved medical use of DMSO is in the treatment of painful bladder syndrome, also known as interstitial cystitis. DMSO has been shown to improve certain symptoms of this condition when used to wash the bladder. Additionally, DMSO has been explored for its potential to alleviate pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome, a chronic pain condition that often develops after an injury. Some research suggests that applying DMSO cream to the affected area may help reduce pain in these patients.

Beyond these approved and potentially effective uses, DMSO has been promoted for a wide range of other medical conditions, including osteoarthritis, wounds, burns, and even cancer. However, the scientific evidence supporting these other claimed benefits is limited or non-existent. The American Cancer Society, for example, states that there is no evidence to support the use of DMSO as a cancer treatment, and that using it in this way could potentially delay the receipt of proper and effective medical care.

The Risks and Side Effects of DMSO

The use of DMSO is not without its risks. The most common side effects associated with topical application of DMSO include stomach upset, skin irritation, and a strong garlic-like odor. More serious side effects can include severe allergic reactions, headaches, and burning or itching when applied to the skin.

When taken orally, DMSO can cause dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and decreased appetite. Additionally, DMSO can interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, steroids, and sedatives, potentially leading to serious health consequences.

Concentration and Purity Concerns

Another significant concern with DMSO is the wide range of concentrations and potential impurities present in products available on the market. DMSO used to treat osteoarthritis typically has a concentration of 25%, but over-the-counter DMSO can range from 10% to 90% concentration. Industrial-grade DMSO may also contain impurities that can be easily absorbed through the skin, leading to potential health risks.

Precautions and Considerations

Given the potential risks associated with DMSO, it is crucial to exercise caution when using this substance. Pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding should avoid DMSO, as its effects on the fetus and infant are not well understood. Individuals with diabetes, asthma, or liver and kidney conditions should also consult with their healthcare provider before using DMSO.

It is important to note that DMSO, like other dietary supplements, is not regulated by the FDA in the same way as prescription drugs. Manufacturers are not required to prove the safety or effectiveness of these products before selling them, which adds an additional layer of uncertainty and risk for consumers.

Conclusion

DMSO is a versatile chemical compound with a range of potential applications, both industrial and medical. However, the use of DMSO is not without its risks, and it is essential for consumers to be aware of the potential adverse reactions and safety concerns associated with this substance. While DMSO may be effective in treating certain medical conditions, such as painful bladder syndrome, the scientific evidence supporting its use for other conditions is limited. Individuals considering the use of DMSO should consult with their healthcare provider to weigh the potential benefits and risks, and ensure the use of a high-quality, properly concentrated product.