What are normal liver enzyme ranges. How do high and low levels affect your health. Why do doctors use AST and ALT tests to assess liver function. When should you get your liver enzymes checked.

The Importance of Liver Enzyme Testing

Liver enzyme tests play a crucial role in assessing liver health and function. These tests measure the levels of specific enzymes in the blood, primarily aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). By understanding the normal ranges and implications of elevated or decreased levels, healthcare providers can diagnose and monitor liver conditions more effectively.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): What You Need to Know

AST, also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver but also present in other organs such as the heart, kidneys, and muscles. When liver cells are damaged, AST is released into the bloodstream, causing elevated levels in blood tests.

Normal AST Ranges

The normal range for AST can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, weight, and race. Generally, normal AST levels for adults fall between 10-40 international units per liter (IU/L). For children, the normal range may differ slightly. It’s important to note that reference ranges can vary between laboratories, so always consult the specific reference range provided with your test results.

Interpreting AST Test Results

High AST levels (above 40 IU/L) may indicate liver inflammation or damage. Very high levels, exceeding 1,000 U/L, could signify severe liver injury or acute hepatitis. Conversely, low AST levels might suggest conditions such as vitamin B6 deficiency, kidney disease, or certain genetic disorders.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): A Complementary Liver Enzyme Test

ALT is another enzyme primarily found in the liver. Like AST, elevated ALT levels in the blood can indicate liver cell damage. Healthcare providers often use ALT tests in conjunction with AST tests to gain a more comprehensive understanding of liver health.

The AST/ALT Ratio

The ratio of AST to ALT can provide valuable insights into the nature and severity of liver problems. A higher AST to ALT ratio may suggest alcohol-induced liver damage, while a lower ratio might point to other forms of liver disease.

Factors Affecting Liver Enzyme Levels

Several factors can influence liver enzyme levels, even in individuals with normal liver function. These include:

• Age
• Sex
• Race
• Certain medications
• Obesity
• Alcohol consumption

Understanding these factors is crucial for accurately interpreting liver enzyme test results and avoiding misdiagnosis.

When Should You Get Your Liver Enzymes Checked?

Healthcare providers may recommend liver enzyme tests for various reasons:

1. Screening for liver disease in high-risk individuals
2. Diagnosing liver problems in patients with symptoms such as jaundice or unexplained fatigue
3. Monitoring the progression of known liver conditions
4. Assessing the effectiveness of liver disease treatments

If you have risk factors for liver disease or experience symptoms that may indicate liver problems, consult your healthcare provider about getting your liver enzymes checked.

The Liver Enzyme Testing Procedure

The process of testing liver enzymes is straightforward and similar to other blood tests. A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of blood from a vein in your arm. The procedure is generally quick and causes minimal discomfort.

Preparing for Your Liver Enzyme Test

In most cases, no special preparation is required for liver enzyme tests. However, your healthcare provider may advise you to fast for a certain period before the test or to avoid taking certain medications that could affect the results. Always follow your provider’s instructions carefully.

Beyond AST and ALT: Other Liver Function Tests

While AST and ALT tests are crucial for assessing liver health, they are often part of a broader panel of liver function tests. Other important markers include:

• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
• Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
• Bilirubin
• Albumin
• Prothrombin time

These tests, when evaluated together, provide a comprehensive picture of liver function and can help diagnose specific liver conditions more accurately.

Interpreting Liver Enzyme Test Results: What Do They Mean for Your Health?

Understanding your liver enzyme test results is crucial for maintaining good health. Elevated liver enzymes don’t always indicate a serious problem, but they warrant further investigation. Here’s what different scenarios might mean:

Mildly Elevated Liver Enzymes

Slightly elevated AST or ALT levels (less than three times the upper limit of normal) may be due to temporary factors such as:

• Recent strenuous exercise
• Certain medications
• Mild viral infections

In these cases, your healthcare provider might recommend retesting after a few weeks to see if levels return to normal.

Moderately Elevated Liver Enzymes

AST or ALT levels between three to ten times the upper limit of normal may indicate more significant liver issues, such as:

• Chronic hepatitis
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• Alcoholic liver disease

Further testing and evaluation are typically necessary to determine the underlying cause.

Severely Elevated Liver Enzymes

AST or ALT levels more than ten times the upper limit of normal often signify acute liver injury. Possible causes include:

• Acute viral hepatitis
• Drug-induced liver injury
• Ischemic hepatitis (reduced blood flow to the liver)

These situations usually require immediate medical attention and further diagnostic tests.

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Liver Enzyme Levels

Various lifestyle factors can impact liver enzyme levels, even in individuals without liver disease. Understanding these factors can help you maintain healthy liver function and interpret test results more accurately.

Diet and Nutrition

Your diet plays a significant role in liver health. Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support optimal liver function. Conversely, a diet high in processed foods, saturated fats, and added sugars may contribute to elevated liver enzymes.

Exercise and Physical Activity

Regular exercise is generally beneficial for liver health. However, intense or prolonged physical activity can temporarily elevate AST levels due to muscle breakdown. This is why healthcare providers often advise against strenuous exercise before liver enzyme tests.

Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol can significantly impact liver enzyme levels. Even moderate alcohol consumption can cause temporary elevations in AST and ALT. Chronic heavy drinking can lead to alcoholic liver disease, characterized by persistently elevated liver enzymes.

Body Weight

Obesity is a significant risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can cause elevated liver enzymes. Maintaining a healthy body weight through proper diet and exercise can help keep liver enzyme levels within normal ranges.

Medications and Liver Enzyme Levels

Many medications can affect liver enzyme levels, either by directly impacting liver function or by causing temporary elevations as part of their normal metabolism. Some common medications that can influence liver enzyme tests include:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• Statins (cholesterol-lowering medications)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Certain antibiotics
• Some antiseizure medications

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you’re taking before undergoing liver enzyme tests.

Liver Enzyme Tests in Diagnosing Specific Liver Conditions

While elevated liver enzymes can indicate various liver problems, the pattern of elevation and the ratio between different enzymes can provide clues about specific conditions. Here are some examples:

Alcoholic Liver Disease

In alcoholic liver disease, AST levels are typically higher than ALT levels, often with an AST/ALT ratio greater than 2. This pattern is relatively specific to alcohol-induced liver damage.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

NAFLD often presents with mildly to moderately elevated ALT and AST levels, with ALT usually higher than AST. The AST/ALT ratio is typically less than 1 in early stages of the disease.

Viral Hepatitis

Acute viral hepatitis can cause dramatic elevations in both AST and ALT, often more than ten times the upper limit of normal. In chronic viral hepatitis, elevations may be more modest but persistent.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Medication-related liver damage can cause various patterns of liver enzyme elevation, depending on the specific drug and mechanism of injury. Rapid and severe elevations may occur in some cases.

Beyond Liver Disease: Other Conditions Affecting Liver Enzymes

While liver enzymes are primarily associated with liver health, several conditions affecting other organs can also impact AST and ALT levels:

Muscle Disorders

Conditions that cause muscle damage or breakdown, such as muscular dystrophy or rhabdomyolysis, can lead to elevated AST levels. In these cases, creatine kinase (CK) levels are also typically increased.

Heart Conditions

Severe heart problems, such as a heart attack or heart failure, can sometimes cause elevated liver enzymes due to reduced blood flow to the liver.

Thyroid Disorders

Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect liver enzyme levels. Hyperthyroidism may cause mild elevations in AST and ALT, while hypothyroidism can lead to increased AST levels.

Celiac Disease

Untreated celiac disease can sometimes cause elevated liver enzymes. These elevations typically resolve with adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Monitoring Liver Health: The Importance of Regular Check-ups

Regular liver enzyme tests can play a crucial role in maintaining overall health, especially for individuals at higher risk of liver disease. Here’s why ongoing monitoring is important:

Early Detection of Liver Problems

Many liver conditions, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or chronic hepatitis, may not cause noticeable symptoms in their early stages. Regular liver enzyme tests can help detect these issues before they progress to more serious stages.

Assessing Treatment Effectiveness

For individuals with known liver conditions, periodic liver enzyme tests can help healthcare providers evaluate how well treatments are working and make necessary adjustments.

Monitoring Medication Effects

Some medications can affect liver function over time. Regular monitoring of liver enzymes can help detect any potential liver damage early, allowing for timely intervention or medication changes.

Encouraging Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Regular check-ups and liver enzyme tests can serve as a motivation for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Seeing improvements in test results can reinforce positive habits like maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and limiting alcohol consumption.

Advanced Liver Function Tests: Beyond AST and ALT

While AST and ALT tests are fundamental in assessing liver health, advanced liver function tests can provide more detailed information about specific aspects of liver function. These tests may include:

Albumin Test

Albumin is a protein produced by the liver. Low albumin levels can indicate advanced liver disease or other conditions affecting protein production or retention.

Bilirubin Test

Bilirubin is a waste product normally processed by the liver. Elevated levels can indicate liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.

Prothrombin Time (PT)

This test measures how quickly your blood clots. Prolonged clotting times can indicate liver disease, as the liver produces many of the proteins involved in blood clotting.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test

ALP is an enzyme found in several organs, including the liver and bones. Elevated levels can indicate liver disease, particularly conditions affecting the bile ducts.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test

GGT is an enzyme sensitive to alcohol consumption and certain medications. It’s often used in conjunction with other tests to diagnose liver and bile duct conditions.

Liver Health and Overall Wellness: The Bigger Picture

Understanding liver enzyme levels is just one part of maintaining overall health. The liver plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions, including:

• Filtering toxins from the blood
• Producing bile for fat digestion
• Storing essential nutrients
• Regulating blood sugar levels
• Producing proteins necessary for blood clotting

By prioritizing liver health through regular check-ups, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding exposure to harmful substances, you can support not just your liver, but your overall well-being.

Emerging Research in Liver Enzyme Testing

The field of liver diagnostics is continually evolving, with researchers exploring new ways to assess liver health more accurately and comprehensively. Some areas of ongoing research include:

Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques

Advanced imaging methods, such as elastography, are being developed to assess liver fibrosis and steatosis without the need for invasive biopsies.

Biomarker Discovery

Researchers are investigating new biomarkers that could provide more specific information about liver diseases and their progression.

Genetic Testing

Advances in genetic testing are helping identify individuals at higher risk for certain liver conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and personalized treatment approaches.

Artificial Intelligence in Liver Disease Diagnosis

Machine learning algorithms are being developed to analyze complex patterns in liver function tests and other clinical data, potentially improving the accuracy and speed of liver disease diagnosis.

As research in these areas progresses, our understanding of liver health and the tools available for its assessment will continue to improve, leading to better outcomes for individuals with liver conditions.

High and low levels, and what do results mean

An AST blood test measures levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and helps determine liver function. Too much of this enzyme can indicate a problem, such as liver damage.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme mostly found in the liver. AST is also present in other parts of the body, including the:

• kidneys
• heart
• muscles

Another name for the AST enzyme is serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT).

Most people have low levels of the AST enzyme. Damage to liver cells can cause the release of extra AST into the blood though, leading to higher levels of the enzyme.

After taking a blood test, doctors will classify AST ranges as normal, high, or low. Laboratories may use different testing methods for analyzing samples, so normal ranges can vary between each laboratory.

There is not an exact range for AST levels, as levels can vary among people and still be normal. AST levels can vary depending on factors such as:

• age
• sex
• weight
• race

The measurements for AST levels are typically in units per liter (U/L) or international units per liter (IU/L). On a test result, the laboratory will usually list their specific reference range.

People will need to look at this reference range and discuss with their doctor what their test results mean for them. To understand the results of an AST blood test, a doctor will also look at other enzymes that can indicate a liver problem.

The following table indicates general AST blood test ranges. However, reference ranges can vary slightly among different laboratories.

Results from an AST blood test can help indicate liver health.

If AST levels are high, it may also be a sign of:

• chronic hepatitis
• damage from alcohol
• cholestasis, a decrease in bile flow
• heart, kidney, bone, or muscle damage
• liver cancers
• liver scarring, known as liver cirrhosis

Very high AST levels are usually a sign of progressing liver damage, often due to acute hepatitis.

Low AST levels may indicate:

• vitamin B6 deficiency
• kidney disease
• liver disease
• cirrhosis
• cancer
• autoimmune conditions
• genetic conditions

A doctor may also test levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), another liver enzyme. ALT levels occur in higher concentrations in the liver.

If ALT levels are normal but AST levels are high, it could indicate a health problem outside of the liver, or it may be a sign of alcohol-induced liver damage.

Having high levels of AST and no other signs of a problem is not necessarily a cause for concern. People with normal liver function can have high AST levels, which may be due to:

• age
• sex
• race
• certain medications

A person should always discuss any medications or health products they take with a doctor.

Doctors primarily use the AST blood test to check for and assess liver problems, usually alongside other liver tests. The AST protein mainly occurs in the liver and heart. With liver damage, AST can leak from the liver into the bloodstream. When this happens, AST levels in the blood will be higher than normal.

AST also occurs in the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles. If there is damage in any of these areas, AST levels may also increase.

To rule out issues affecting areas outside the liver, doctors may order a check of the second liver enzyme, ALT, at the same time. If both levels are high, it may indicate a problem with a person’s liver. If only AST levels are high, this may indicate a problem with another organ or system.

People may have an AST test for screening, diagnosis, or monitoring purposes. A doctor may recommend this test if a person:

• has risk factors for liver disease, such as family history, obesity, or diabetes
• has symptoms of a liver problem, such as jaundice, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss
• is undergoing treatment for a liver condition, as an AST blood test can help show how well treatment is working

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme that mostly occurs in the liver. If there is damage to liver cells, ALT levels in the bloodstream can increase. An ALT test can help indicate liver health, along with other liver enzyme tests.

Healthcare professionals may use both ALT and AST tests to check for the presence of liver enzymes in the blood, as this can give them a clearer idea of overall liver function and health.

Learn more about the ALT test here.

The AST blood test is straightforward and similar to any other blood test. A healthcare professional may take the following steps:

• sit the person down and tie a stretchy band around the upper arm to increase blood flow to that area
• clean the site of the blood draw with an antiseptic wipe
• insert a needle into a vein in the arm to take a blood sample, which may cause people to feel a mild prick or pain
• remove the needle once they have drawn enough blood
• send the blood sample to a laboratory for testing

An AST blood test will usually only take a few minutes in total.

In some cases, people may be able to take an AST test at home. Using an at-home test kit, people will take a blood sample from their fingertip and send the sample to a laboratory. People may receive AST blood test results through the mail, an app, or an online system.

Learn how long it might take to receive blood test results here.

Preparation

People may need to fast for several hours if they are having a combination of liver enzyme tests.

If people are only having an AST blood test, they may not need to fast or prepare in any way.

People will need to let their doctor know if they are taking any medications or supplements, as some may interfere with liver enzyme levels.

As a healthcare professional will be taking blood from the arm, it may be helpful to wear short sleeves during the test.

As with any blood test, an AST blood test has very few risks. It is rare to experience any severe side effects, but people may have some mild bruising or discomfort in the area at the site of the blood draw.

A healthcare professional will place a Band-Aid or bandage on the arm to stop any bleeding.

People may want to have something to eat after the test, particularly if they were fasting beforehand. It is safe for people to drive and continue their usual activities after an AST blood test, unless they experience any unusual symptoms.

A doctor may order tests along with an AST blood test or follow-up tests. This is to help ensure proper diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment. These tests may include:

• ALT test: A doctor may order an ALT test alongside an AST test.
• Platelet count: Low platelet levels may indicate HELLP syndrome during pregnancy.
• Coagulation panel: This measures the functioning of clotting-related proteins that the liver produces.
• Complete metabolic panel: This assesses how well the kidneys and liver are working and shows levels of electrolytes.
• Bilirubin test: A bilirubin test checks levels of a byproduct created when the liver breaks down red blood cells.
• Glucose test: High or low blood glucose levels may indicate a liver problem.
• Viral testing: This can help doctors check for hepatitis.
• Imaging: A doctor may order images of the liver via ultrasound.

The extent of follow-up testing will depend on a person’s results. A doctor may also take additional blood tests, imaging tests, or a biopsy to identify or rule out any potential conditions relating to abnormal AST levels.

Learn about different types of blood tests here.

An AST blood test, or SGOT test, checks how much AST, a liver enzyme, is present in the blood. High levels of AST in the bloodstream could be a sign of liver damage, or cell damage in another organ such as the heart or kidneys.

Doctors may also take additional tests to check other liver enzymes, such as ALT, to get more information on the health of the liver.

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test Information | Mount Sinai

Aspartate aminotransferase; Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; SGOT

The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood.

Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed.

How to Prepare for the Test

No special preparation is needed.

How the Test will Feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.

Why the Test is Performed

AST is an enzyme found in high levels in the liver, heart, and muscles. It is also found in lesser amounts in other tissues. An enzyme is a protein that causes a specific chemical change in the body.

Injury to the liver results in release of AST into the blood.

This test is mainly done along with other tests (such as ALT, ALP, and bilirubin) to diagnose and monitor liver disease.

Normal Results

The normal range is 8 to 33 U/L.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different samples. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An increased AST level is often a sign of liver disease. Liver disease is even more likely when the levels of substances checked by other liver blood tests have also increased.

An increased AST level may be due to any of the following:

• Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis)
• Death of liver tissue
• Heart attack
• Too much iron in the body (hemochromatosis)
• Swollen and inflamed liver (hepatitis)
• Lack of blood flow to the liver (liver ischemia)
• Liver cancer or tumor
• Use of drugs that are toxic to the liver, especially alcohol use
• Mononucleosis (“mono”)
• Muscle disease or trauma
• Swollen and inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis)

AST level may also increase after:

• Burns (deep)
• Heart procedures
• Seizures
• Surgery

Pregnancy and exercise may also cause an increased AST level.

Risks

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Excessive bleeding
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood collecting under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

Daniels L, Khalili M, Goldstein E, Bluth MH, Bowne WB, Pincus MR. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.

Pratt DS. Liver chemistry and function tests. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 73.

Last reviewed on: 2/28/2023

Reviewed by: Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) – indications, norm, blood test

EN / ENG / UA

The enzyme was first described by Hanes et al. in 1952 GGT – microsomal enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism. Catalyzes the transfer of ?-glutamyl residue from ?-glutamyl peptide to an amino acid or peptide (external transpeptidation), as well as to another substrate molecule (internal transpeptidation). Normally, the specific activity of the enzyme is higher than in blood serum, 7000-7500 times in the kidneys, 600-650 times in the pancreas, 200-500 times in the liver.

Insignificant activity of the enzyme is also recorded in the spleen, intestines, brain, lungs, skeletal muscles, heart, prostate. The enzyme is found in lysosomes, membranes, and cytoplasm of the cell, and membrane localization of GGT is characteristic of cells with high secretory, excretory, or reabsorption capacity. In the blood plasma of newborns, the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase is 8-10 times higher than in adults, and even more in preterm infants.

During 7-9 months of life, GGT activity in the blood decreases, remaining constant until puberty. The level of the enzyme is also influenced by gender differences. In adolescents from 13 to 17 years old and in adults, the reference values ​​of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity for women are 20-25% lower than for men.

Diagnosis of gamma-glutamyltransferase

Determination of GGT activity in blood serum has become of great importance for the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and hepatobiliary tract, and an increase in serum GGT values ​​is a sensitive indicator in diseases of the hepatobiliary system (marker of cholestasis)

Serum GGT levels increase in all forms of liver disease. The highest activity of the enzyme in cases of obstructive liver damage (5-30 times higher than normal values). This is a more sensitive indicator of liver pathology than ALT and AST in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, cholangitis and cholecystitis. The increase in GGT in these cases is observed earlier and lasts longer than other liver enzymes. The activity of gamma-glutamyl tranpeptidases in infectious hepatitis is 2–5 times higher than normal (in these cases, the determination of GGT is less useful than ALT and AST). In almost 100% of cases in cancer patients with liver metastases (without jaundice and with jaundice), a very significant increase in enzyme activity (12 or more times higher than normal) was found. Moreover, changes in activity gamma-glutamyltransferases are observed earlier and are more pronounced than the activities of other enzymes. A slight increase in GGT (2-5 times) is observed in patients with fatty degeneration of the liver.

An increase in enzyme activity is caused by many substances, especially drugs that can induce microsomal oxidizing capacity, as well as any oxidative stress (including diabetic ketoacidosis). After stopping the administration of drugs, GGT activity gradually returns to normal. In patients suffering from acute or chronic pancreatitis, malignant diseases of the pancreas, GGT activity, as a rule, exceeds the norm by 5–15 times.

High GGT activity was noted in the blood of alcoholics. There are certain differences between the activity of GGT in the blood of alcoholics and people who have taken a significant dose of alcohol (in the latter, even after severe intoxication, an increase in activity is observed only for 12 hours and does not exceed 15% of the norm). Therefore, gamma-glutamyltransferase is used to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with alcoholism. The high specific activity of GGT in the prostate gland, so it can be used as a marker of malignant diseases of the prostate gland. The study of GGT activity in brain lesions has acquired great clinical and diagnostic significance.

Parallel determination of the activity of GGT and alkaline phosphatase (in cases of its increased activity) helps when it is necessary to decide whether their source is an altered bone metabolism or the presence of hepatobiliary disorders, because. in conditions in which alkaline phosphatase is elevated (in healthy pregnant women, in children older than 1 year, in cases of bone diseases), GGT is within normal limits.

Indications for Gamma-glutamyltransferase test

1. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of liver lesions
2. Monitoring of the course of pancreatic, prostate, hepatoma cancer
3. Screening for alcoholism, monitoring the treatment of people with chronic alcoholism
4. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity of drugs

Examination

Examination preparation: fasting blood sampling

Examination material: blood serum, avoid hemolysis

Method of determination : kinetic (IFCC)

Units of measure : U/l

Reference values ​​(normal gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood)

Increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase values ​​

If you have high GGT, possible reasons for this may be:

1. Intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis
2. Acute viral hepatitis, toxic, radiation damage to the liver
3. Chronic hepatitis
4. Acute and chronic pancreatitis
5. Alcohol-induced liver injury
6. Infectious mononucleosis
7. Hyperthyroidism
8. Myotonic dystrophy
9. Diabetes mellitus
10. Kidney pathology (exacerbations of chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis)
11. Cancer of the pancreas, prostate, hepatoma
12. Taking medications (barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampicin, cephalosporins, estrogens, oral contraceptives, acetaminophen)

The cost of a blood test for the content of gamma-glutamyl transferase

A blood test for the content of gamma-glutamyl transferase costs 35 UAH. It is carried out within 1-2 days. The cost of taking material for research is paid separately (15 – 25 UAH).

You can get full information about the service from our laboratory assistant.

Medical equipment of our laboratory.

Consultation of a laboratory doctor

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Contents

• 1 Normal ALT and AST values ​​in women: how to assess your liver
  • 1. 1 ALT and AST – what is it?
  • 1.2 Related videos:
  • 1.3 Blood test for ALT and AST
  • 1.4 Normal ALT and AST in women
  • 1.5 Abnormal ALT and AST from the norm
  • 1.6 Reasons for increasing the level of ALT and AST in women
  • 1.7 Diseases, causing elevated levels of ALT and AST in women
    • 1.7.1 Hepatitis
    • 1.7.2 Cirrhosis of the liver
    • 1.7.3 Obesity
    • 1.7.4 Other diseases
  • 1.8 Symptoms of elevated ALT and AST levels in women
  • 1.9 Diagnosing elevated ALT and AST
  • 1.10 How to deal with elevated ALT and AST
  • 1.11 Treating elevated ALT and AST
  • 1.12 Nutrition for elevated ALT and AST
    900 42 1.12.1 Introduction
    • 1.12.2 What to Eat
    • 1.12.3 What to Avoid
    • 1.12.4 Cooking Tips
    • 1.12.5 Conclusion
  • 1.13 ALT and AST Prevention
  • 1.14 Sequelae of elevated ALT and AST levels
  • 1. 15 Comparison with elevated levels of other blood parameters
  • 1.16 ALT and AST testing for hepatitis
    • 1.16.1 Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase

    900 42 1.16.2 How to prepare for ALT and AST

    testing

    • 1.16.3 What the test results mean
  • 1.17 Effects of ALT and AST on pregnancy
  • 1.18 When to see a doctor if ALT and AST levels are elevated
  • 1.19 Question-answer:
    • • 1.19.0.1 What are Alt and Ast and why are these indicators needed in the analyzes of women?
      • 1.19.0.2 What are the normal levels of Alt and Ast in women?
      • 1.19.0.3 What can cause an increase in Alt in women?
      • 1.19.0.4 What causes an increase in the Ast level in women?
      • 1.19.0.5 What does low Alt mean in women?
      • 1.19.0.6 What can it mean if the level of Alt and Ast is simultaneously elevated in women?
      • 1.19.0.7 Can a low Ast level in women indicate the absence of liver problems?
      • 1. 19.0.8 How long do elevated levels of Alt and Ast persist in women after drinking alcohol?

Find out which ALT and AST values ​​are normal for women. Useful information about the functions of these indicators and the causes of deviations from the norm.

Alt and Ast are enzymes that are responsible for the functioning of the liver. If their blood levels are elevated, this may indicate a liver problem. A blood test for alt and ast is usually ordered in case of suspected liver disease, but what does a deviation in the level of these enzymes mean in women?

ALT and AST blood levels in women depend on many factors, including age, sex, disease, and medication. But in general, the alt level in women should not exceed 31 units/l, and the ast level should not exceed 34 units/l.

Abnormal alt and ast levels in women may indicate liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, and gallstones. However, keep in mind that elevated levels of alt and ast are not always indicative of liver disease. Some medications, such as aspirin, pain pills, and antibiotics, can increase blood levels of these enzymes.

If you have been tested for alt and ast and your blood levels of these enzymes are elevated, be sure to discuss the results with your doctor. He will be able to assess your ALT and AST levels in the context of your health and determine if additional testing or treatment is needed.

ALT and AST – what is it?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes found inside liver cells. If liver cells are damaged or destroyed, these enzymes enter the bloodstream. Therefore, an increase in the level of ALT and AST in the blood may indicate the presence of problems with the liver or other organs.

ALT is predominantly present in liver cells, but can also be found in heart cells and other tissues. AST is present in the cells of the liver, heart, muscles and other organs.

ALT and AST are often used together in the diagnosis of liver diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. These enzymes can also be elevated in myocardial infarction, rheumatic diseases, and other problems.

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ALT and AST blood test

The blood test for ALT (alianine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) is one of the most common methods for diagnosing diseases of the liver and heart. Both are enzymes that are normally found inside the cells of the liver and heart, but if these organs become damaged or inflamed, ALT and AST are released from the cells into the blood, causing their blood levels to rise.

ALT is commonly screened to diagnose liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. ALT levels can also be elevated with certain medications, jaundice, gallbladder disease, and inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract.

AST, on the other hand, can be elevated in a number of conditions, including heart disease, myocardial infarction, liver disease, and muscle disease. AST levels can also be elevated when taking certain medications.

Elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood may indicate a specific disease, but these indicators cannot indicate a specific condition. To detect the disease, additional research and examinations are necessary.

In general, elevated levels of ALT and AST usually indicate damage to some organs in the body. If you are found to have elevated levels of ALT or AST, you should undergo further tests to find out which organs are damaged and begin treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician.

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Normal ALT and AST in women

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are indicators of liver function. Normal blood levels of these enzymes may vary depending on the methodology of the laboratory, as well as the age, sex, and weight of the patient. However, on average, in women, ALT and AST have the following norms:

• ALT: up to 34 units/l;
• AST: up to 31 U/L.

If a woman’s ALT and AST levels are higher than normal, this may indicate liver problems such as inflammation, fatty degeneration, or cirrhosis. However, another underlying cause may also be present, such as alcohol or drug poisoning, drug injection, or heart or muscle disease.

If you have been prescribed ALT and AST tests and find that these levels are abnormal, you should consult your doctor to determine the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

ALT and AST abnormal

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes that help the body make proteins. Normal levels of ALT and AST in women can vary, but are usually in the range of 7-56 units/L for ALT and 10-40 units/L for AST.

Abnormal levels of ALT and AST may indicate the presence of liver disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. If the level remains elevated for a long time, it can lead to serious complications, including liver failure or liver cancer.

ALT and AST levels may also be elevated in other conditions such as myocardial infarction, pneumonia, or myopathies. This can help diagnose these conditions and track their treatment.

If the levels of ALT and AST strongly deviate from the norm, it is recommended to consult a doctor for additional examination and determination of the cause of such deviation. Early detection and treatment of diseases that can lead to elevated levels of ALT and AST can help maintain health and prevent serious complications.

Causes of increased levels of ALT and AST in women

AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are enzymes that are involved in the process of amino acid metabolism. They are found in the cells of the liver, heart muscle, kidneys and other tissues of the body. If the level of ALT and AST is elevated in a woman, this may indicate the presence of the following reasons:

1. Liver diseases: elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate the presence of hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, fatty degeneration and other pathological changes. At the same time, ALT levels may rise earlier than AST.
2. Taking medications: Many medications can increase blood levels of ALT and AST. This is especially true of hepatotoxic drugs that have a negative effect on the liver.
3. Alcoholic liver disease: The presence of an alcoholic mixture may lead to elevated levels of ALT and AST.
4. Myocarditis, cardiac muscle hypoxia: If the heart muscle is affected, AST levels can rise much faster than ALT.
5. Non-specific elevation: ALT and AST levels may be elevated with various infectious diseases, trauma and surgery.

In any case, if the level of ALT and AST in a woman is elevated, this requires a mandatory examination and identification of the cause in order to prescribe an effective treatment.

Diseases that cause elevated levels of ALT and AST in women

Hepatitis

Elevated levels of ALT and AST may be associated with hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, alcohol, drugs, and other factors. In hepatitis, ALT and AST are higher than normal due to damage to liver cells and the release of enzymes into the blood.

Cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by the gradual accumulation of damage to the liver cells, which can cause an increase in the level of ALT and AST. With cirrhosis of the liver, the function of the organ is impaired, which can lead to serious consequences.

Obesity

Obesity can be one of the causes of elevated levels of ALT and AST. Fat accumulates in the liver, which can cause it to malfunction and release enzymes into the blood.

Other diseases

Elevated levels of ALT and AST may also be associated with rarer diseases such as myopathy, muscle wasting, thrombosis, myocardial infarction and others. You need to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of elevated ALT and AST levels in women

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are enzymes that are found inside the cells of the liver and other organs. Elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood can indicate problems with the liver, heart, muscles, and other organs.

In women, elevated levels of ALT and AST may present with the following symptoms:0043

If If you notice any of these symptoms, you should see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. He may order blood tests for ALT and AST levels, as well as other types of tests to identify possible problems with the body.

Do not ignore the symptoms of elevated levels of ALT and AST, as these enzymes can indicate serious diseases that require competent medical attention.

Diagnosis of elevated levels of ALT and AST

A special blood test is performed to determine the level of hormones ALT and AST. This test can help diagnose various diseases of the liver, heart, and muscles.

ALT and AST levels may be elevated in the presence of viral hepatitis, alcoholic or toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, infectious mononucleosis, heart and muscle disease. In some cases, an increase in hormone levels may be due to medications taken or tissue damage resulting from an injury.

If the ALT and AST levels are above normal, further investigations are needed to determine the cause of the deviation. Do not panic in advance, because elevated hormone levels do not always indicate a serious illness.

It is important to understand that self-monitoring of ALT and AST levels at home is not sufficient to establish a diagnosis. To do this, you should consult a doctor and perform the recommended tests.

What to do with elevated levels of ALT and AST

If you have been diagnosed with elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood, do not panic, but do not ignore this fact either. First you need to determine the reason for such a deviation. Usually, elevated levels of ALT and AST indicate complications in the liver.

If elevated ALT and AST levels are caused by a disease or infection, your doctor may prescribe appropriate treatment to address the cause of the increase.

However, sometimes elevated levels of ALT and AST may indicate the presence of chronic diseases of the liver or other organs. In this case, it is necessary to undergo an examination to determine the causes of this condition and prescribe a suitable treatment.

To lower your ALT and AST levels, you need to follow a proper diet, stop bad habits, take the right medications, and have regular medical checkups.

In any case, ALT and AST levels should be monitored regularly. If you find deviations from the norm, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner and undergo an additional examination to find out the causes and prevent possible complications.

Treatment of elevated ALT and AST

As markers of liver damage, ALT and AST are important indicators of liver disease. If ALT and AST levels are high, treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition.

If elevated levels of ALT and AST are due to alcoholic or viral hepatitis, then the main treatment is the treatment of the underlying disease. In cases of liver failure, increased protein intake and dietary elasticity may be prescribed.

If elevated levels of ALT and AST are associated with medication or supplements, then these drugs should be discontinued. You may have to replace them with safer alternatives.

For people with elevated levels of ALT and AST, it is imperative to control alcohol consumption and the abuse of fatty, rich foods.

Based on the above, you need to understand that elevated levels of ALT and AST require careful consideration and analysis of the causes. Only then can you find the appropriate treatment and make the necessary adjustments in your lifestyle and diet.

Nutrition with elevated ALT and AST levels

Introduction

Women with elevated ALT and AST levels should pay attention to their diet. Diet can have a big impact on the levels of these enzymes in the blood, so it is recommended to follow certain rules when compiling your daily menu.

What to eat

With elevated ALT and AST levels, a healthy diet is given special attention. Women should eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as protein foods such as fish, chicken, eggs, and cottage cheese. It is also recommended to drink plenty of fluids, including clean water.

What to avoid

Women should limit their intake of fatty and fried foods, as well as sweets and alcohol, to avoid elevated ALT and AST levels. In addition, it is recommended to avoid too much coffee and strong tea.

Cooking tips

One way to preserve the health benefits of food is to cook it properly. Women should prefer steamed or grilled dishes. Also, if possible, it is necessary to exclude frying in oil and give preference to cold appetizers and salads.

Conclusion

By following simple healthy dietary guidelines, women can lower their blood levels of ALT and AST. Regular consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, protein foods, limiting fatty, fried and sugary foods, and proper cooking will help maintain a healthy liver and improve overall body health.

Preventing elevated ALT and AST levels

Maintaining a healthy liver and preventing elevated ALT and AST levels in women requires a healthy lifestyle:

• Avoid alcohol and nicotine;
• Watch your diet and avoid fatty, fried and salty foods;
• Maintain a healthy weight and avoid excess weight;
• Exercise regularly;
• Avoid stress and nervous overload;
• Monitor the level of hormones in the body, especially when taking hormonal drugs.

It is also recommended to undergo regular medical examinations and seek medical attention at the first symptoms of liver disease: pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, loss of appetite and drowsiness.

If the level of ALT and AST in the blood of a woman is elevated, then it is necessary to consult a doctor for additional examination and determination of the cause of the deviation.

Sample diet to prevent elevated ALT and ASTV Time Meal

ALT and AST levels

Elevated levels of ALT and AST usually indicate liver dysfunction. Such violations can be caused by various reasons: from alcohol or drug intoxication to viral infections or cancer.

One of the first signs of elevated levels of ALT and AST are yellowing eyes and skin, which indicate a violation of the outflow of bile. Other signs may include pain in the right side, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and general weakness.

These signs should not be ignored, as elevated levels of ALT and AST can lead to serious consequences. For example, it can cause cirrhosis of the liver, which in turn can lead to liver cancer and other dangerous diseases. Therefore, if suspicious symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor and undergo an appropriate examination.

• Suspected or developing acute hepatitis
• Confirmed chronic hepatitis
• Suspected gallbladder disease
• May be caused by certain drugs or high alcohol intake

If found elevated high levels of ALT and AST, measures must be taken to eliminate the cause of its occurrence. For this, special medications, diet, avoidance of alcohol and other suitable measures can be prescribed.

Comparison with elevated levels of other blood parameters

The presence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (Alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can be caused not only by diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system and muscle tissue, but also by the presence of other indicators in the blood, such as iron, glucose, cholesterol and others.

When comparing the levels of Alt and Ast with other indicators, it is necessary to take into account the possible mechanisms for increasing the levels of these enzymes. For example, an increase in the level of Alt and Ast may be associated with a violation of iron metabolism in the body, which leads to its accumulation in the liver and intensive destruction of liver cells.

However, in the presence of elevated levels of Alt and Ast in combination with other indicators, it is necessary to conduct an additional examination to determine the cause of the increase and further treatment.

• Elevated blood glucose may indicate diabetes.
• Elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with impaired lipid metabolism in the body.
• Elevated iron levels may indicate the presence of hemochromatosis.

ALT and AST hepatitis test

Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase

ALT and AST are enzymes that are found inside liver cells. They are involved in the metabolism of amino acids and help the body get energy from food. High levels of ALT and AST can indicate liver problems, which is why they are usually included in a standard CBC.
One of the most common blood tests for ALT and AST levels is a hepatitis test. Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver that can be caused by infection, alcohol, or toxins. ALT and AST may be elevated in viral hepatitis, and their rise may reflect the degree of liver damage.

How to prepare for an ALT and AST test

To prepare for an ALT and AST test, you must give blood samples. No other special preparatory measures are required. However, alcohol consumption should be limited prior to testing, as it can increase blood levels of ALT and AST.

What the test results mean

The normal range for ALT and AST blood levels may vary depending on the laboratory that performs the test. Generally, ALT and AST levels should not exceed 30 to 40 units per liter (U/L) in women. If the level of ALT and AST is elevated, then this may indicate a toxic or infectious liver lesion.
If the results of the analysis show high levels of ALT and AST, then it is necessary to consult with the attending physician to identify the possible cause of the elevated ALT and AST levels and begin treatment.

The effect of ALT and AST on pregnancy

ALT and AST are indicators that can be measured in the blood of a pregnant woman at different stages of pregnancy. They play an important role in assessing the health of the liver, but can also indicate problems with the heart and muscles.

Studies show that elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood of a pregnant woman can indicate the presence of infection, hepatitis, many other diseases, and also negatively affect the development of the child.

Although elevated levels of ALT and AST alone are not dangerous for pregnancy, if both levels are elevated, action must be taken. In this case, the woman should consult a doctor and undergo additional examinations.

In addition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and proper diet can help reduce the risk of elevated ALT and AST levels. Pregnant women need to pay special attention to their health and monitor the level of these indicators in the blood in order to ensure the health of their child and themselves in general.

When to see a doctor if ALT and AST levels are elevated

If the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in a woman’s blood are elevated, this may be a symptom of various diseases of the liver, cardiovascular system and other organs.

If a woman notices symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, she should seek immediate medical attention.

It is also recommended that women undergo regular medical examinations in order to identify possible problems of the disease at an early stage.

To diagnose the level of ALT and AST, it is necessary to donate blood for a biochemical analysis, which can determine the presence of pathological changes.

If ALT and AST levels are elevated, the doctor may order additional tests to determine the cause of the abnormality and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Question-answer:

What are Alt and Ast and why are these indicators needed in the analyzes of women?

Alt (alanine aminotransferase) and Ast (aspartate aminotransferase) are enzymes that are found in liver cells and are involved in amino acid metabolism. Their blood levels help diagnose liver disease and assess liver function. When deviating from the norm, Alt and Ast can indicate various pathologies that need to be identified and treated.

What are the normal levels of Alt and Ast in women?

The norm of Alt in women is 10-40 U/l, and the norm of Ast is 10-30 U/l. However, these values ​​may differ depending on the laboratory that performs the analysis. Therefore, when studying the results, it is necessary to be guided by the standards specified in the laboratory where the analyzes were carried out.

What can cause an increase in Alt in women?

An increase in the level of Alt in the blood in women can be caused by diseases such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, fatty liver, as well as the use of alcohol or toxic drugs. Also, an increase in Alt levels may be associated with muscle damage, along with damage to liver cells.

What causes an increase in Asth levels in women?

An increase in the level of Ast in the blood in women can be caused by liver pathologies (cirrhosis, hepatitis), myocardial infarction, encephalopathy, jaundice. Also, an increase in the level of Ast can be observed in oncological diseases, alcoholism and the use of toxic drugs.

What does low Alt mean in women?

Decrease in the level of Alt in the blood is not a pathology and in itself does not cause any symptoms. However, if the Alt level is reduced, but the Ast level remains normal, then this may indicate a violation of liver function and require further examination and diagnosis.

What can it mean if the level of Alt and Ast is simultaneously elevated in women?

Simultaneous elevation of Alt and Ast may indicate various liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis or cancer. Also, an increase in the level of Alt and Ast may be associated with dysfunction of other organs, such as skin, muscles and pancreas. The final diagnosis can only be made after a comprehensive examination and exclusion of other pathologies.

Can a low level of Ast in women indicate the absence of problems with the liver?

No, low Ast levels in the blood are not a sufficient criterion for assessing the health of the liver. For a complete diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination and analysis of other biochemical blood parameters that will help identify possible pathologies.

How long do elevated Alt and Ast levels persist in women after drinking alcohol?

Increased levels of Alt and Ast in the blood of women may persist up to 4-5 days after drinking alcohol.