What are TMJ disorders. How do they affect your daily life. What causes TMJ pain and discomfort. How can TMJ disorders be diagnosed and treated effectively. What are the long-term implications of untreated TMJ issues.

The Anatomy of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

The temporomandibular joint, commonly referred to as TMJ, is a complex structure that plays a crucial role in our daily lives. This joint connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, allowing for the movement necessary for speaking, chewing, and yawning. The TMJ is composed of several key components:

• A rounded protrusion of the mandible
• An indentation in the skull where the mandible sits
• An articular disc made of soft cartilage, positioned between the two bones

Understanding the anatomy of the TMJ is essential for comprehending the various disorders that can affect this joint. The intricate structure of the TMJ makes it susceptible to a range of issues, from minor discomfort to severe pain and dysfunction.

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): An Overview

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of conditions affecting the TMJ and surrounding muscles. These disorders can cause significant discomfort and impact an individual’s quality of life. TMD is characterized by various symptoms, including:

• Pain in the face, jaw, or ear area
• Headaches, often mimicking migraines
• Clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth
• Jaw locking or going out of place
• Tenderness of the jaw muscles
• Swelling of the face

TMD can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Women are more likely to experience TMD symptoms than men, though the reasons for this gender disparity are not fully understood.

Differentiating Between TMJ and TMD

Is TMJ the same as TMD? While these terms are often used interchangeably, they refer to different aspects of jaw-related issues. TMJ specifically refers to the temporomandibular joint itself, while TMD encompasses the various disorders that can affect this joint and surrounding tissues. Understanding this distinction is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Common Causes of TMJ Pain and Disorders

TMJ pain and disorders can arise from various factors, some of which may be interrelated. Identifying the underlying causes is crucial for effective treatment. Some common causes include:

• Bruxism (teeth grinding and clenching)
• Arthritis (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis)
• Jaw injuries or trauma
• Misalignment of the teeth or jaw
• Stress and anxiety
• Connective tissue diseases

Bruxism, in particular, is a significant contributor to TMJ disorders. This involuntary habit of grinding or clenching teeth, often occurring during sleep, can place excessive stress on the TMJ and surrounding muscles, leading to pain and dysfunction.

The Role of Stress in TMJ Disorders

Can stress exacerbate TMJ disorders? Absolutely. Stress is known to increase muscle tension, including in the jaw area. This tension can lead to clenching and grinding, further aggravating TMJ issues. Additionally, stress can lower an individual’s pain threshold, making TMJ symptoms feel more severe.

Diagnosing TMJ Disorders: The Dental Professional’s Approach

Accurate diagnosis of TMJ disorders is essential for effective treatment. Dental professionals employ various methods to assess TMJ issues:

1. Physical examination of the jaw and facial muscles
2. Evaluation of jaw movement and range of motion
3. Checking for signs of teeth grinding and clenching
4. Listening for clicking or popping sounds during jaw movement
5. X-rays or other imaging techniques for a closer look at the joint structure

During the diagnostic process, dentists may also inquire about the patient’s medical history, lifestyle factors, and stress levels to gain a comprehensive understanding of the potential causes and contributing factors.

The Importance of Early Detection

Why is early detection of TMJ disorders crucial? Identifying TMJ issues in their early stages can prevent the progression of symptoms and reduce the likelihood of chronic pain developing. Early intervention also allows for more conservative treatment options, potentially avoiding the need for more invasive procedures in the future.

Conservative Treatment Options for TMJ Disorders

The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research recommends conservative, reversible treatments as the first line of defense against TMJ disorders. These treatments are generally non-invasive and aim to alleviate symptoms while addressing underlying causes. Some common conservative treatment options include:

• Wearing a night guard to reduce grinding and clenching
• Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
• Relaxation techniques to help control muscle tension
• Application of ice or heat therapy
• Gentle jaw exercises and stretches
• Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding hard foods or excessive gum chewing

These conservative approaches often provide significant relief for many patients with TMJ disorders. However, it’s important to note that treatment plans should be tailored to each individual’s specific needs and symptoms.

The Role of Physical Therapy in TMJ Treatment

Can physical therapy help with TMJ disorders? Indeed, physical therapy can be an effective component of TMJ treatment. Specialized exercises and manual techniques can help improve jaw mobility, reduce pain, and strengthen the muscles supporting the TMJ. Physical therapists may also employ modalities such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation to promote healing and pain relief.

Advanced Treatment Options for Persistent TMJ Issues

When conservative treatments fail to provide adequate relief, more advanced options may be considered. These treatments are typically reserved for severe or chronic cases of TMJ disorders and may include:

• Prescription medications, such as muscle relaxants or tricyclic antidepressants
• Botox injections to relax overactive jaw muscles
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation in the joint
• Arthrocentesis, a minimally invasive procedure to flush out the joint
• Arthroscopy, a surgical procedure to repair or reposition the joint components

In rare cases, more extensive surgery may be necessary to correct structural issues within the TMJ. However, these invasive procedures are typically considered a last resort due to the potential risks and limited long-term data on their effectiveness.

Emerging Therapies for TMJ Disorders

Are there new treatments on the horizon for TMJ disorders? Research in this field is ongoing, with promising developments in areas such as regenerative medicine and targeted drug delivery systems. Stem cell therapy and platelet-rich plasma injections are among the innovative approaches being explored for TMJ treatment, although more studies are needed to establish their long-term efficacy and safety.

Living with TMJ Disorders: Lifestyle Adjustments and Self-Care

Managing TMJ disorders often requires a combination of professional treatment and self-care strategies. Patients can take several steps to alleviate symptoms and prevent exacerbation of their condition:

• Practicing stress-reduction techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises
• Maintaining good posture to reduce strain on the jaw and neck muscles
• Avoiding excessive jaw movements, such as wide yawning or vigorous chewing
• Using proper ergonomics when working or studying to minimize tension in the head and neck area
• Applying moist heat or ice packs to the affected area as needed
• Following a soft diet during flare-ups to reduce stress on the TMJ

These lifestyle adjustments, when combined with professional treatment, can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with TMJ disorders. It’s important for patients to work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive management plan tailored to their specific needs.

The Importance of Consistent Dental Care

How does regular dental care impact TMJ health? Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental check-ups are crucial for managing TMJ disorders. Dentists can monitor the progression of the condition, adjust treatment plans as needed, and address any related dental issues that may be contributing to TMJ symptoms. Additionally, professional cleanings can help prevent tooth decay and gum disease, which can exacerbate TMJ problems if left untreated.

The Long-Term Outlook for TMJ Disorder Patients

The prognosis for individuals with TMJ disorders varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. Many patients experience significant improvement with conservative management and lifestyle adjustments. However, some may require ongoing care to manage chronic symptoms. Factors that can influence the long-term outlook include:

• The underlying cause of the TMJ disorder
• The duration and severity of symptoms before treatment
• The patient’s adherence to treatment recommendations
• The presence of comorbid conditions, such as arthritis or chronic pain syndromes
• The individual’s overall health and lifestyle factors

It’s important for patients to maintain open communication with their healthcare providers and report any changes in symptoms or concerns about their treatment progress. Regular follow-ups and adjustments to the treatment plan can help ensure the best possible outcomes for TMJ disorder patients.

The Psychological Impact of Chronic TMJ Pain

How does chronic TMJ pain affect mental health? Living with persistent TMJ pain can have significant psychological effects, including increased stress, anxiety, and depression. The chronic nature of the condition can lead to feelings of frustration and hopelessness, potentially impacting personal relationships and work performance. Addressing these psychological aspects is crucial for comprehensive TMJ disorder management, and mental health support may be beneficial for some patients.

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Every time you talk, yawn and chew, you’re using your TMJs. The TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint), is the joint on each side of the head at the base of the skull. It connects your lower jaw to your skull. The TMJ is composed of a rounded protrusion of the mandible that sits against an indentation in the skull, and a disc-like structure made of a soft bone called cartilage found in between the two bones (articular disc).

What is TMJ Pain?

Pain with your TMJ can hurt your jaw and radiate to your neck, face, and head. Unlike other body joints, like your knees, TMJ pain is hard to treat with anti-inflammatory drugs alone. You may need to alternate ice and heat therapy as well.

What Causes TMJ Pain?

Like any other joint in your body, your TMJ can be fractured. Grinding and clenching your teeth can cause TMJ pain. When you have issues and chronic TMJ pain, chances are you may have TMD.

What is TMD?

Suppose you’re having a problem with your jaw, your Jaw joint (TMJ), and facial muscles. In that case, you may have TMD (Temporomandibular Disorder). There are many signs and symptoms of TMD. Here are some of the most common ones:

• Pain in the face, jaw, or ear area
• Headaches (often mimicking migraines), earaches, and pain and pressure behind the eyes
• A clicking or popping sound when opening or closing the mouth
• jaw that “gets stuck,” locked or goes out of place
• Tenderness of the jaw muscles
• Swelling of the face

What Causes TMD?

Here are some issues that can cause TMD:

• Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis inflammation
• Overstress from missing permanent chewing teeth
• Chronic Pain due to bruxing (grinding and clenching teeth in your sleep)
• A history of jaw injury
• Specific progressive middle ear or bone diseases

If you think you have TMD, talk to your dental professional. They will do an assessment examining how your jaw joints move, check your teeth and facial muscles for Tenderness as well as signs of teeth grinding and clenching. They may do further tests, including x-rays.

How To Treat TMJ Pain And TMD

Only your dental professional will be able to diagnose and prescribe a treatment that’s right for you. The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research determined that experts recommend the most conservative, reversible treatments possible for TMJ disorders due to insufficient studies on safety and effectiveness. Here are some treatment options that your dental professional may consider:

• Wearing a night guard to reduce grinding and clenching
• Over-the-counter pain-relievers or anti-inflammatory medications
• Relaxation techniques to help control muscle tension in your jaw
• Although rare, surgery is sometimes required to correct TMJ problems

If the traditional methods have failed, these are some more aggressive treatment options to consider:

• Short-term treatment of TMJ discomfort is through the use of reversible splinting options
• Bite splints – these can be worn at night or throughout the day, depending on the condition’s severity
• Low-level laser stimulation
• injections to relax the jaw
• Surgical bite reconstruction

Severe jaw pain can interfere with your quality of life. If you’re having TMJ issues, and are experiencing problems with grinding your teeth, jaw pain, or some of the others described in this article, talk to your dental professional. The earlier you treat the problem, the quicker you can get back to enjoying life pain-free.

This article is intended to promote understanding of and knowledge about general oral health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your dentist or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment.

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Temporomandibular Definition & Meaning – Merriam-Webster

tem·​po·​ro·​man·​dib·​u·​lar

ˈtem-pə-rō-man-ˈdi-byə-lər 

: of, relating to, being, or affecting the joint between the temporal bone and the mandible that allows for the movement of the mandible

temporomandibular dysfunction

Example Sentences

Recent Examples on the Web

For people who’ve been diagnosed with TMJ (temporomandibular joint disorder), masseter Botox is commonly recommended by a dentist or orthodontist as a way to relieve tension and alleviate symptoms of chronic teeth grinding, jaw clenching, even migraine headaches.

—Megan Decker, refinery29.com, 28 Feb. 2022

According to the Mayo Clinic, TMJ disorders cause pain and discomfort in the temporomandibular joint—the joint that connects your jawbone to your skull—and the muscles that control your jaw.

—Sara Gaynes Levy, SELF, 25 Aug. 2022

Yet there’s one trigger that is often overlooked: temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which is also known as TMD (but more colloquially referred to as TMJ).

—Sara Gaynes Levy, SELF, 25 Aug. 2022

One common cause of ear pressure is temporomandibular joint dysfunction, which causes pain and inflammation in the joints connecting your jawbone and your skull.

—Julie Stewart, Men’s Health, 26 July 2022

Still, other evidence points a finger at chronic physical conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or disorders of the temporomandibular joint in the jaw.

—Bryant Stamford, The Courier-Journal, 4 Aug. 2022

Your temporomandibular joints sit directly in front of your ears on each side, just millimeters from your ears.

—Julie Stewart, Men’s Health, 26 July 2022

Last September, Kim’s eldest daughter, Brielle, underwent double jaw surgery to correct her temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and an overbite.

—Shafiq Najib, PEOPLE.com, 16 Feb. 2022

The grinding itself can be treated by wearing a night guard to protect one’s teeth, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ; there is one on each side of the jaw), and further extending muscles of the jaw.

—Rachel King, Fortune, 18 Dec. 2021

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These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘temporomandibular. ‘ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

tempor(al) entry 3 + -o- + mandibular

First Known Use

1889, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler

The first known use of temporomandibular was
in 1889

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Dictionary Entries Near

temporomandibular

temporo-

temporomandibular

temporomaxillary

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“Temporomandibular. ” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/temporomandibular. Accessed 25 Jun. 2023.

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Medical Definition

temporomandibular

adjective

tem·​po·​ro·​man·​dib·​u·​lar

ˈtem-pə-rō-man-ˈdib-yə-lər 

: of, relating to, or affecting the temporomandibular joint

temporomandibular pain and dysfunction—George Dimitroulis

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TMJ decryption.

What is TMJ? Values ​​online

TMF decoding. What is TMJ? Online values ​​- Sokrascheniya.Ru

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HOA — what you need to know about homeowners associations

Through the HOA format, apartment owners manage their home: solve issues of its maintenance and improvement of the yard. However, the most democratic form of government also has its disadvantages

Photo: pikselstock\shutterstock

A homeowners association (HOA), a management company (MC) and a housing cooperative are forms of management of an apartment building (MKD). The HOA format is more suitable for active owners who are ready to be directly involved in the operation, improvement of the house and the common property of residents.

We tell you how to create an HOA, how it differs from the Criminal Code, as well as the pros and cons of this form of MKD management.

What is an HOA

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A homeowners’ association, according to the Housing Code, is an association of owners of premises in an apartment building for the joint management of common property. The main goal of the HOA is the improvement of the adjacent territory, the solution of issues of operation and maintenance of common property, as well as the provision of public services.

How to create an HOA

To create an HOA, the tenants of the building must hold a general meeting of the owners of an apartment building. More than 50% of the owners of the premises in the house must vote for the decision on the form of government in the form of an HOA. At the meeting, it is also necessary to elect the board of the HOA, the chairman and the audit commission, which will control the work of the board and the chairman. Their terms of office may be one year or more. At the meeting, it is necessary to adopt the articles of association of the partnership. Then the documents must be submitted to the Housing Inspectorate for registration, as well as register as a legal entity.

The Board of the HOA deals with the current management and operation of the house. All significant issues that affect life in the house should be decided at a general meeting of owners. To make decisions, you need to get more than 50% of the votes.

Read also Homeowners meeting online. Instructions for conducting

Rights and obligations of the HOA

According to the Housing Code (Article 148), the duties of the HOA board include managing the house, concluding contracts for the maintenance, operation and repair of common property. Also, the board can sign an agreement with the management company for the maintenance of the house and the provision of various services. The difference in the case of the managing organization in the house is that the money is transferred to it upon completion of the work. The HOA can independently hire contractors for the necessary services. The elected board is responsible for the performance of work to the owners, and the contractor is responsible to the HOA.

HOA is registered as a legal entity and has the right to conduct economic activities on the territory of the house. For example, rent out some free space, basement or technical premises (floors), place advertisements on the facades of the building, etc. The proceeds can be used for additional improvement and needs for the house and yard, and it is also possible to reduce residents’ contributions for some specific payment services. All decisions on the conclusion of contracts with contractors and other important issues are taken at the general meeting.

Pros and cons of an HOA

The form of management of an HOA has its pros and cons. For everything to work properly, the residents of the house need to be active and responsible owners, and competent and honest people should be in charge of management.

Pros:

• one of the main advantages of the HOA is that it is not interested in raising tariffs and is even able to minimize them, unlike the management company, which is a commercial structure and relies on making a profit;
• HOA can rent out part of its premises (if any) for rent, make a profit from advertising on facades, installing cell towers on rooftops, etc. At the same time, the financial activities of HOAs are usually transparent and it is easier for residents to receive reports on the cost of services rendered than in the Criminal Code;
• questions of operation and maintenance of the house can be resolved between the tenants and the board, and not in the course of often difficult negotiations with the management company;
• Homeowners associations themselves can choose contractors for various services and can easily change them to another company if the services are of poor quality. Residents choose contractors themselves, and if they don’t like the way a particular company takes out the garbage, they simply hire another one. In this case, parting with the Criminal Code is much more difficult and you may have to do it through the courts.

Cons:

• as in the management company, incompetent people may appear on the board of the HOA, tenants may be inactive, which will lead to difficulties in making important decisions regarding the operation and maintenance of MKD property;
• Unlike MCs, which often manage a large number of houses and have sufficient capital, HOAs usually do not have the required amount of own funds. In the event of a debt, tenants may have problems with settlements with contractors for the maintenance of the property;
• tariffs for some work for HOAs may be higher than for a large management company, which can reduce the cost of services due to the large volume of orders.

How to complain about the HOA

If tenants are faced with dishonest actions of the HOA, then you can write a complaint addressed to its head with a request to look into the situation and take action. If the management does not respond to complaints, it is necessary to contact the Housing Inspectorate (when the problem concerns the maintenance and operation of the house). If the problems are inflated tariffs, incorrect calculations, as well as a refusal to provide residents with information about services and the performance of certain works, you should contact Rospotrebnadzor. If, as a result of appeals to these bodies and to the HOA, no answers were received, and the violations were not eliminated, you should contact the prosecutor’s office or the court.

Read also How to talk to the management company correctly. Leaflet

The complaint against the HOA must be substantiated, it is recommended to attach all possible evidence and requirements. When preparing it, one should rely on legislative norms, primarily on the Housing Code and the charter of the HOA. In accordance with the Housing Code (clause 1, article 143.1), the right to appeal decisions of the HOA is established. The basis may be not only the failure to fulfill the obligations assumed, but also the violation of the rights of the owners.

Why the HOA form has not become widespread in Russia

Svetlana Razvorotneva, Executive Director of the non-profit partnership ZhKKH Control:

— Who is the HOA suitable for?

– It is generally accepted that the HOA is more suitable for active owners. In houses that have chosen this method of management, a legal entity is created, which can become a more responsible customer for the performance of works and services. The HOA can either independently perform house maintenance work or hire a management company. In the latter case, civil law contracts are in force in accordance with the Housing Code. The money of the management company will come only after the completion of certain works. 50% of residents or more can create an HOA, but not all residents of a building can be members of an HOA.

Now HOAs are more often created in new houses, where citizens bought housing, and did not receive it through privatization. Such people, as a rule, are more organized, in large houses the maintenance fee is usually slightly higher, which allows you to keep the necessary apparatus for organizing house management activities.

— What are the difficulties in managing a house through an HOA?

— Firstly, this requires a large proportion of enterprising owners in an apartment building. In this case, it is worth not just holding a general meeting and creating an HOA, but also accompanying the activities of the created legal entity. To do this, you need an accountant, you need to submit reports to the Ministry of Justice, but all this requires additional costs.

Also, in Russian legislation, HOAs are equated with a managing organization, which, accordingly, must provide information to the GIS housing and communal services. All this requires additional resources and time. We had a period in the country when the authorities tried to increase the number of HOAs, but recently the number of such forms of house management has been decreasing, as the state’s requirements for HOAs are increasing.