What types of hernias exist and how are they diagnosed. Which doctors specialize in hernia treatment. How are different hernias surgically repaired. What are the pros and cons of laparoscopic vs open hernia surgery.

Understanding Hernias: Types and Symptoms

A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. While hernias can develop in various parts of the body, they most commonly appear in the abdomen. Let’s explore the main types of hernias and their associated symptoms:

Inguinal Hernia

Inguinal hernias are the most prevalent type, particularly among men. They develop when a portion of the intestine or abdominal fat protrudes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall, often in the groin area.

• Visible bulge in the groin or scrotum
• Pain or discomfort, especially when bending, coughing, or lifting heavy objects
• A burning or aching sensation at the bulge

Femoral Hernia

Femoral hernias are less common than inguinal hernias but can be more dangerous. They occur in the upper thigh, just below the groin crease, and are more prevalent in women.

• Small, painless lump in the upper thigh
• Discomfort when standing, lifting, or straining
• Potential for serious complications if left untreated

Ventral Hernia

Ventral hernias develop in the abdominal wall, typically between the chest and navel. They can occur due to a weakening of the muscles or from previous surgical incisions.

• Visible bulge in the abdomen
• Pain or discomfort, especially when engaging the abdominal muscles
• May increase in size over time

Incisional Hernia

An incisional hernia is a type of ventral hernia that occurs at the site of a previous abdominal surgery. These hernias develop when the surgical wound doesn’t heal properly, allowing tissue to protrude through the weakened area.

• Bulge near or along the incision scar
• Pain or discomfort at the site of the previous surgery
• May be more challenging to treat than other hernia types

Diagnosing Hernias: Medical Professionals and Techniques

Proper diagnosis of a hernia is crucial for effective treatment. Various medical professionals may be involved in the diagnostic process:

Primary Care Physicians

Often, a primary care physician is the first point of contact for patients experiencing hernia symptoms. They can perform initial examinations and refer patients to specialists if necessary.

General Surgeons

General surgeons are trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of hernias. They can perform both open and laparoscopic hernia repair surgeries.

Laparoscopic Surgeons

These specialists focus on minimally invasive surgical techniques, including laparoscopic hernia repair.

Diagnostic Techniques

To accurately diagnose a hernia, doctors may employ various diagnostic methods:

• Physical examination
• Ultrasound imaging
• CT scans
• MRI scans

Hernia Treatment Options: Surgical Approaches

While some small, asymptomatic hernias may be monitored without immediate intervention, many cases require surgical repair. The two primary surgical approaches for hernia treatment are:

Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that involves making several small incisions to access and repair the hernia.

Advantages of laparoscopic repair include:

• Smaller incisions and less scarring
• Reduced post-operative pain
• Shorter recovery time
• Lower risk of wound infections

Potential drawbacks:

• May not be suitable for large or complex hernias
• Requires specialized training and equipment
• Slightly higher risk of recurrence in some cases

Open Hernia Repair

Open hernia repair involves making a single, larger incision to access and repair the hernia.

Advantages of open repair:

• Suitable for larger or more complex hernias
• May be preferred for patients with previous abdominal surgeries
• Allows for direct visualization of the hernia site

Potential drawbacks:

• Larger incision and more noticeable scarring
• Longer recovery time
• Higher risk of wound complications

Choosing the Right Surgeon for Hernia Repair

Selecting the appropriate surgeon for hernia repair is crucial for optimal outcomes. Consider the following factors when choosing a hernia specialist:

Experience and Expertise

Look for a surgeon with extensive experience in hernia repair, particularly in the specific type of hernia you have. How many years of experience does the surgeon have in treating hernias? A surgeon with a proven track record of successful hernia repairs is more likely to provide high-quality care.

Board Certification

Ensure that the surgeon is board-certified in general surgery or a related specialty. Board certification indicates that the surgeon has met rigorous standards of education, training, and expertise in their field.

Surgical Approach

Discuss the surgeon’s preferred approach to hernia repair. Are they experienced in both open and laparoscopic techniques? A surgeon who is proficient in multiple approaches can tailor the treatment to your specific needs.

Hospital Affiliation

Consider the hospital or medical center where the surgeon operates. Is it a reputable institution with a strong track record in surgical care? The quality of the facility can impact your overall treatment experience and outcomes.

Patient Reviews and Testimonials

Research patient reviews and testimonials to gain insights into the surgeon’s bedside manner, communication skills, and overall patient satisfaction. While individual experiences may vary, consistent positive feedback is a good indicator of a surgeon’s quality of care.

Preparing for Hernia Surgery: What to Expect

Proper preparation can help ensure a smooth surgical experience and optimal recovery. Here’s what you can expect when preparing for hernia surgery:

Pre-operative Consultation

During your pre-operative consultation, your surgeon will:

• Review your medical history and current medications
• Perform a physical examination
• Discuss the surgical procedure and answer any questions
• Provide instructions for pre-operative preparation

Lifestyle Adjustments

Your surgeon may recommend certain lifestyle changes before surgery:

• Quit smoking to promote better healing
• Maintain a healthy diet to support recovery
• Engage in light exercise to improve overall health

Medication Management

You may need to adjust your medications before surgery:

• Stop taking blood-thinning medications as directed
• Inform your surgeon of all supplements and over-the-counter medications you’re taking
• Follow instructions for managing chronic conditions like diabetes

Fasting Guidelines

Your surgeon will provide specific instructions on fasting before surgery:

• Typically, you’ll need to avoid eating or drinking for 8-12 hours before the procedure
• Clear liquids may be allowed up to a certain time before surgery

Recovery After Hernia Surgery: Timeline and Tips

Recovery time and experiences can vary depending on the type of hernia repair and individual factors. Here’s a general timeline and some tips for a successful recovery:

Immediate Post-operative Period

What can you expect immediately after hernia surgery?

• You’ll spend time in the recovery room for monitoring
• Pain and discomfort are common but can be managed with medication
• You may be able to go home the same day, depending on the procedure

First Week After Surgery

During the first week of recovery:

• Rest and limit physical activity
• Follow wound care instructions to prevent infection
• Take pain medications as prescribed
• Gradually increase mobility as tolerated

Weeks 2-4

As you progress in your recovery:

• Gradually return to light activities and work (if approved by your surgeon)
• Continue to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise
• Attend follow-up appointments as scheduled

Long-term Recovery

Full recovery can take several weeks to months:

• Most patients can resume normal activities within 4-6 weeks
• Follow your surgeon’s guidelines for returning to strenuous activities
• Continue to monitor the surgical site for any signs of recurrence

Preventing Hernia Recurrence: Lifestyle Modifications

While hernia repair surgery is often successful, taking steps to prevent recurrence is essential. Here are some lifestyle modifications that can help reduce the risk of hernia recurrence:

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Excess weight puts additional strain on your abdominal muscles, increasing the risk of hernia recurrence. How can you achieve and maintain a healthy weight?

• Follow a balanced, nutritious diet
• Engage in regular physical activity
• Consult with a nutritionist or dietitian if needed

Strengthen Core Muscles

Strong core muscles provide better support for your abdominal wall. What exercises can help strengthen your core?

• Planks and modified planks
• Pelvic tilts
• Gentle abdominal exercises (as approved by your surgeon)

Proper Lifting Techniques

Using correct lifting techniques can help prevent strain on your abdominal muscles. How should you lift heavy objects?

• Bend at the knees, not the waist
• Keep the object close to your body
• Avoid twisting while lifting
• Ask for help with very heavy items

Manage Chronic Cough

Persistent coughing can put pressure on your abdominal wall. How can you address chronic cough?

• Treat underlying conditions like allergies or GERD
• Quit smoking
• Use over-the-counter cough suppressants when needed

Regular Check-ups

Routine follow-ups with your healthcare provider can help detect potential issues early. What should you discuss during these check-ups?

• Any unusual symptoms or concerns
• Changes in your overall health
• Recommendations for ongoing hernia prevention

By implementing these lifestyle modifications and staying vigilant about your health, you can significantly reduce the risk of hernia recurrence and maintain the long-term success of your hernia repair.

What Doctor Treats Hernias – Laproscopic Hernia Treatment

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What Doctor treats Hernias- Hernia is treated by Laparoscopic surgeons or general surgeons. They are specialised in treating hernia issues and carry out the procedures based on the condition of the patient.in some cases, further assessment is required, they will properly diagnose the condition with the help of some tests. The doctor may advise for a ultrasound, x-ray or Ct scan to analyse the hernia. The treatment depends on various criteria including the type, severity of hernia in the body.

In this article, Let’s discuss Hernia in a more detailed way, starting with the types of hernia in the body, symptoms, various other treatments available and what doctors treat hernias.

Hernias happen when a portion of an organ swells through a mass of tissue in the body. Indications of a hernia include pain in the mid-region, gonad or pelvic district. 

Also Read – 10 Natural Remedies to Treat Hernia Without Surgery

Types and symptoms of Hernia:

Inguinal Hernias– This is the most well-known sort of hernia. It happens most frequently in men, however ladies develop hernia during pregnancy. It’s when fat or a circle of the digestive system drives into your crotch through a shortcoming in your lower belly.

Femoral Hernia

These are similar to inguinal hernias, yet  different in a lot of ways. This happens in different parts of the groin and Women are more likely to develop them. They can be dangerous.

Ventral Hernias

You get these hernias between your tummy button and chest when some tissue or digestive system flies through your paunch’s muscles.

Incisional Hernias

Incisional hernias are genuinely normal for individuals who’ve had a medical procedure on their midsections. They happen when tissue just barely gets through the medical procedure twisted before it absolutely heals. The best way to get rid of incisional Hernia is with another medical procedure, however they’re frequently difficult to treat.

Symptoms of Hernia:

1.Expanding or swelling in the crotch or scrotum (the pocket that contains the gonads).

2.Expansion in the lump size over the long run.

3.A dull throbbing sensation.

Different treatments of Hernias:

Laparoscopic Procedures for Hernia Repair

Laparoscopic, or negligibly intrusive, methodology utilizes numerous little cuts something like 1 centimeter long to get to the hernia. The mid-region is then expanded with carbon dioxide to give space to the specialist to work, and the hernia is fixed with a little, adaptable gadget called a laparoscope. This methodology requires a hernia expert who is specialised in procedures and ordinarily delivers less scarring and postoperative pain 

Open Approach for Hernia Repair

Open systems utilize a solitary cut to open the mid-region and access the hernia, after which the hernia is fixed utilizing the network. Open techniques are undeniably appropriate for patients with enormous or different hernias. Patients who have had an earlier stomach a medical procedure are additionally great possibilities for open techniques, as scar tissue in the mid-region structures grips that can make negligibly obtrusive activities troublesome or even perilous.

To sum up..

You can avail of the above mentioned treatments at Glamyo health. call for assistance from our medical coordinators they will look after your treatment journey, starting from the day of admission till the moment you get discharged from the hospital. Leave it to Glamyo health for Hassle Free medical care.

Also Read – Hernia – Symptoms, Causes And 10 Natural Remedies To Treat Hernia Without Surgery

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Hernia Repair Surgery > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

Overview

Hernias are a common problem and surgeons have been repairing them for a long time. A hernia is a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity that contains it. It usually doesn’t get better or go away on its own. So, for most hernias, surgery is often the only remedy.

“There are multiple approaches for hernia repair depending on location and size and I will strive to use the most evidence-based option while prioritizing the minimization of pain and scarring,” says Yale Medicine surgeon Randal Zhou, MD, who specializes in hernia and bariatric surgery.

When is hernia surgery appropriate?

The majority of hernias require some type of surgical approach. Lifestyle changes, including diet modifications or exercise, are not enough to repair the condition.

Leaving the hernia untreated only makes the condition worse. Particularly for hernias in the groin, pressure and pain will increase not just with strenuous activity, but also with every cough or sneeze.

What are the different types of hernia treated with surgery?

Ventral hernia is a bulge of tissues through an opening, or defect, in the wall of the abdominal muscles. The most common types of ventral hernias are umbilical hernias (belly button) and incisional hernias, which occur at the site of a previous surgery that weakened the abdominal wall.

Inguinal hernia happens when fatty or intestinal tissues bulge through the inguinal canal, or groin. It is the most common type of hernia among men, affecting 25 percent of them in their lifetimes, compared to 2 percent of women.

Hiatal, or para-esophageal hernia, occurs when part of the stomach or other organs from the abdomen protrude into the chest cavity.

What are different types of hernia surgery?

Depending on the type of hernia and its size, doctors may treat it with either minimally invasive, laparoscopic procedures or with traditional open surgery. General anesthesia is used in both approaches.

As a general rule, open surgery is used for hernias that are very small or very large. Those that fall in between can be treated laparoscopically.

How does hernia surgery work?

For a laparoscopic repair, three or four incisions, the largest of which is half an inch, are typically made on the side of the abdominal wall. A laparoscope, or thin telescope with a light on the end, is passed through. The hernia hole, or defect, is covered with mesh and affixed with staples, essentially serving as a patch.

With open surgery, the size of the incision is determined by the size of the hernia. For example, a small hernia might only require an incision of half an inch.

Most hernias, regardless of the type of surgery, are repaired with mesh reinforcements made from synthetic or biological materials. Mesh is favored over stitches in many instances, except for very small hernias.

What is surgery like for ventral hernias?

Laparoscopic Surgery. Three or four tiny incisions are made on the side of the abdominal wall. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide so that surgeons can visualize the hernia and select the appropriate mesh to cover and reinforce the hernia. The surgery takes about one hour.

If you have this type of surgery, your recovery may require an overnight stay in the hospital and pain medications for three to five days. You will be restricted from lifting anything more than 20 pounds for two weeks. Depending on your job, you may return to work after a week or two.

After about a month, most patients feel fine and are back to normal.

Open Surgery. The incision for small ventral hernias is only about half an inch. In these cases, the repair can be made with stitches, instead of mesh.

Open surgery for large ventral hernias, often called complex hernias, often requires abdominal wall reconstruction. Using this technique, surgeons move the abdominal muscles around to close the defect caused by the hernia and place mesh in between the muscle layers.

If you have open surgery for small ventral hernias, you usually can return home the same day and expect to recover within a week.

If you are treated for a large ventral hernia, you will usually need to stay in the hospital for two to three days. Recovery takes one to two weeks, with most patients returning to work after two to four weeks. Pain medications are typically needed for five to six days.

What is surgery like for inguinal hernias?

Laparoscopic Surgery. After making three small incisions, surgeons go behind layers of the abdominal wall muscles and lay reinforcement mesh between them.

Patients recovering from laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery typically go home the same day as surgery and can expect to take pain medications for three to five days. They are restricted from lifting anything more than 20 pounds for two weeks. Depending on the patient’s job, he or she may return to work after a week or two.

After about a month, most patients feel fine and are back to normal.

Open Surgery. A single incision is made in the groin, and if the hernia is bulging out of the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal, it is pushed back. Mesh is placed over the weakened area.

Patients recovering from open surgery for an inguinal hernia can expect to stay in the hospital for two to three days. Most patients take pain medication for a few days and depending on the patient’s job, he or she may return to work after a week or two.

What is surgery like for hiatal hernias?

Laparoscopic Surgery. Most hiatal hernias can be repaired laparoscopically with small incisions. Surgeons push the stomach back down from the chest and repair the hole. The stomach is then wrapped around the esophagus to create a valve that allows food to go down, but stops acid from coming back up.

Patients can expect to stay in the hospital overnight and require pain medications for three to four days. They are restricted to a soft-food diet for two weeks. Depending on the patient’s job, he or she may return to work after a week or two.

What are the risks and outcomes of hernia surgery?

A small number of inguinal hernias that are repaired with open surgery or laparoscopically recur. Also, about half of patients who undergo hernia surgery develop a seroma, or an accumulation of fluid at the site of the hernia that appears like a bulge. The seroma might stay for two to three months before disappearing.

What makes Yale Medicine’s approach to hernia surgery unique?

Yale Medicine specialists take a multidisciplinary approach to hernia repair, with a team of minimally invasive surgeons, plastic surgeons (for very large hernias) and exercise physiologists who can help with rehabilitation. Each patient can expect to receive a personalized treatment plan.

“At Yale, we prioritize abdominal core health,” says Dr. Zhou. “Instead of just fixing a defect, we aim to improve your quality of life and restore autonomy.”

NCC No. 2 (CCH RAS) – clinic for the treatment of spinal hernia in Moscow, non-surgical treatment of intervertebral hernia at a bargain price

Acute pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with a herniated disc. Without medical attention, the disease progresses and can lead to loss of mobility and complete paralysis. In difficult cases, when there is a risk of developing myelopathy or cauda equina syndrome, the hernial formation is removed surgically. If the patient asked for help at an early stage of the development of the pathology, before the development of complications, doctors most often choose non-surgical treatment.

Treatment of hernia without surgery. Therapies

In the absence of indications for surgery, the treatment course is prescribed by a neurologist or orthopedist. Non-surgical treatment of hernial formation begins with the elimination of pain. During an exacerbation, any procedure is unsafe, so it is important to achieve a state of remission. A complete examination of the patient is also necessary for an accurate assessment of pathological changes.

For diagnostic purposes, the following are usually prescribed:

• MRI
• KT
• radiography
• electromyography

Diagnostic procedures make it possible to determine the location of the hernial formation, its size, and the presence of inflammatory processes.

With intervertebral hernias, the following therapeutic methods are effective.

Drug therapy

It is used to relieve symptoms, reduce the inflammatory process and regenerate damaged tissues. Medications (suppositories, ointments, injections) help relieve pain and swelling, improve blood flow and restore cartilage tissue. As a rule, drugs of the following groups are used: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, muscle relaxants, drugs to improve blood supply, chondroprotectors, vitamins.

Physiotherapy

In the process of physiotherapy, the impact on the human body of natural factors is used: electric current, magnetic field, infrared radiation, etc. With non-surgical treatment of an intervertebral hernia (there is also a name: “intervertebral hernia”), the following are most often prescribed:

• electrophoresis
• ultrasound therapy
• laser treatment
• cryotherapy
• magnetotherapy

Massage

Massage helps to activate blood flow and improve tissue nutrition in the affected area. Depending on the characteristics of the patient’s condition, different massage techniques are used.

Therapeutic exercise

Exercise therapy is useful for strengthening the muscular corset, it also helps to restore blood circulation. An individual set of exercises is selected for each patient.

Therapeutic treatment of intervertebral hernias at the NCC No. 2 (Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

In NCC No. 2 (CCH RAS) patients are offered non-surgical treatment of diseases of the spine, including intervertebral hernias, using high-quality and safe medicines. The clinic has all the necessary modern equipment for diagnostics and physiotherapy. Treatment is carried out by qualified specialists with extensive experience.

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Intervertebral hernia of the spine – treatment without surgery by a doctor in the clinic of St.

Petersburg

Cervical hernia

Lumbar hernia

Herniated disc is a fairly common disease among all ages of the population. The cause of the disease can be physical overload, the presence of osteochondrosis, age-related changes, problems with blood circulation.

If the first symptoms are ignored, the disease flows into a serious stage, when surgical intervention is necessary. If you continue to ignore the disease, you can get a disability.

Intervertebral hernia is a degenerative disease in which there is inflammation and deformation of the intervertebral disc, destruction of the fibrous ring, extrusion of the “gelatinous” nucleus of the disc and other negative changes. The pinched tissue becomes inflamed, swelling occurs in this place, which leads to pain in this place, and then the pain spreads to neighboring departments, as a result of which the patient has to avoid any exertion.

The following types are distinguished by localization:

• cervical hernia;
• thoracic hernia;
• lumbar hernia.

Symptoms of a herniated disc

A frequent manifestation is pain. It has a aching, sometimes “shooting” character, localized at the location of the hernia. The muscles in the area of ​​the disc herniation are tense, pain is aggravated by movement, turning, coughing and sneezing. The spread of pain is felt in the arm (with a herniated disc in the cervical region) or leg (with the formation of a herniated disc in the lumbosacral region), there may be a slight tingling, numbness, decreased muscle reflexes.

If pain occurs in the neck, then in the head, dizziness appears, then we are dealing with an intervertebral hernia of the cervical region. The patient may experience weakness, drowsiness, pressure disturbances and memory impairment.

Most often the problem occurs in the lumbar region and then the patient complains of pain similar to backache, the so-called lumbago, heaviness and numbness in the limbs, weakness in the muscles of the legs.

Depending on the level of involvement, a herniated disc can mimic pleural pain, angina pectoris, and abdominal pain.

With a severe hernia in the cervical and thoracic spine, compression of the spinal cord is possible.

So, you need to consult a neurologist if:

• Severe sudden back pain that appeared for no apparent reason;
• Back pain accompanied by chest pain or difficulty breathing;
• Back pains radiate to the arm or leg (most often to the leg), and sometimes “lumbago” spreads from the spine to both arms or both legs;
• Intermittent or persistent numbness of the limb.
• Weakness in the muscles of the limb and their weight loss

At the same time, the pain can be so severe that during an exacerbation, the patient is put to bed for several days or even weeks.

Which doctor treats a hernia in St. Petersburg

It is important to understand that this disease entails serious complications, and it is simply necessary to know which doctor to contact if the described symptoms occur. Timely diagnosis will help speed up recovery and carry it out with more gentle methods than surgery.

Neurologist – a doctor who can help cure spinal hernia without surgery. It is to this specialist that you need to go with this problem. In no case should the first signs be ignored, otherwise the patient may be bedridden and immobilized.

Consult a neurologist at the first signs! Give yourself a chance to heal a hernia with non-surgical methods.

The neurologist of our Center in St. Petersburg (Professor Sergei Nikolayevich Zhulev) is a highly qualified specialist who will consult, perform diagnostics and help you return to a normal lifestyle without pain.

If the hernia is not treated. Stages of development of the disease

The disease develops in several stages:

1. Protrusion. The nucleus pulposus begins to go beyond its natural boundaries, but does not move beyond the fibrous ring of the disc. Pain syndrome appears as a result of increased physical activity. At this stage, you can solve the problem with conservative methods of treatment, without surgery.
2. Partial prolapse. The size of the bulge increases, as a result of which the blood supply worsens. Pain becomes constant and quite strong.
3. Complete prolapse. The core extends as much as possible beyond the boundaries of the fibrous ring, while maintaining its natural shape (disc herniation). The pain increases and radiates to the pelvic limbs, there is a serious limitation of movements. With localization in the cervical region, severe headaches, numbness in the neck and hands may appear.
4. Sequestration of herniated disc. The fibrous ring loses its integrity. The nucleus of the disc comes out from behind the boundaries of the fibrous ring, the intervertebral disc is displaced, pinching the nerve roots. Pain becomes constant, mobility is significantly limited, until complete immobilization.

Diagnosis of spinal hernia in the clinic of St.

Petersburg

At the consultation, the neurologist collects an anamnesis, listens to the patient’s complaints, clarifies the localization of pain and its nature. Of great importance is the living and working conditions of the patient, these factors are taken into account.

Next, the doctor performs a neurological examination of the patient to assess muscle tone, sensitivity, the presence of reflexes, muscle strength, and their trophism. A palpation examination is also performed, which reveals violations of the biomechanics of the spine, trigger points. Examination is carried out quite carefully and a preliminary diagnosis is made. in the case of symptoms of damage to the spinal root, it can be assumed that there is a herniated disc at the appropriate level.

MRI (or CT) procedures will help to identify the presence of a hernia, its location, size and direction of “squeezing out” of the disc. With their help, the specialist will be able to see the picture clearly, to trace the state of the nucleus pulposus. MRI is prescribed more often, since this method allows you to better see soft tissues (disk herniation, spinal roots, the spinal cord itself, ligaments and muscles around, the state of the bone marrow of the vertebrae), compared to CT.

Treatment of spinal hernia by a neurologist without surgery

Here we will only talk about non-surgical methods.

The best option is conservative therapy – a complex treatment that includes:

• Medication. The patient’s pain needs to be relieved. The standard is the appointment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs or NSAIDs). Ketanov, ketorol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, etc. are often used. Not always taking these drugs has the necessary effectiveness. In these cases, paravertebral intramuscular administration of drugs at the appropriate level can be performed using a local anesthetic and a steroid (hormonal) drug (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, etc.) to achieve maximum local anesthesia and anti-inflammatory action in the area of ​​pain. Muscle relaxants are also prescribed to relieve muscle-tonic syndrome
• Physiotherapy. Prescribed by the attending physician – for some patients they are completely contraindicated. Most often, magnetotherapy and (or) laser therapy are used, which, due to the intensification of blood flow in the surrounding tissues, in addition to increasing blood flow to the affected area, also increase the outflow of blood and lymph from this area, reducing swelling of soft tissues and, as a result, reducing irritation pain receptors and reduce the intensity of pain. Electroanalgesia, acting on the nervous structures, also reduces the intensity of pain and helps to restore impaired functions;
• Reflexology. The most common and effective option is acupuncture (IRT). By acting on the “active” points of the human body (in case of problems with the spine with pain syndrome, acupuncture needles are most often installed along the spine for a certain time), we strive to reduce the intensity of pain and relax tense muscles;
• massage and manual therapy are also aimed at reducing muscle tension along the spine, improving blood circulation not only in the area of ​​the disc herniation, but also in other neighboring areas, restoring mobility in the intervertebral joints – eliminating “blocks” of movement in the intervertebral joints at different levels of the spine.