Swollen lymph nodes Information | Mount Sinai

Swollen glands; Glands – swollen; Lymph nodes – swollen; Lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes are present throughout your body. They are an important part of your immune system. Lymph nodes help your body recognize and fight germs, infections, and other foreign substances.

The term “swollen glands” refers to enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. The medical name for swollen lymph nodes is lymphadenopathy.

In a child, a node is considered enlarged if it is more than 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) wide.

The lymphatic system has two main functions. Its network of vessels, valves, ducts, nodes, and organs helps balance the body’s fluid by draining excess fluid, known as lymph, from the body’s tissue and returning it to the blood after filtering it. Some types of blood cells are also made in the lymph nodes.
The lymphatic system also plays an important role in the body’s immune system.
Infection, even a trivial infection is, the most common cause of swollen lymph nodes.
Let’s look at a cut section of a lymph node to see what happens.
Afferent means towards. Afferent lymph vessels bring unfiltered fluids from the body into the lymph node where they are filtered.
Efferent vessels, meaning away from, carry the clean fluid away and back to the bloodstream where it helps form plasma.
When the body is invaded by foreign organisms, the swelling sometimes felt in the neck, armpits, groin, or tonsils comes from the microorganisms trapped inside the lymph nodes.
Eventually, these organisms are destroyed and eliminated by cells that line the node walls. Then the swelling and pain subside.

The lymphatic system filters fluid from around cells. It is an important part of the immune system. When people refer to swollen glands in the neck, they are usually referring to swollen lymph nodes. Common areas where lymph nodes can be easily felt, especially if they are enlarged, are the groin, armpits (axilla), above the clavicle (supraclavicular), in the neck (cervical), and the back of the head just above hairline (occipital).

Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and headache are some of the symptoms of mononucleosis, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is generally self-limiting and most patients can recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicines.

The lymphatic system is a complex system of fluid drainage and transport, and immune response and disease resistance. Fluid that is forced out of the bloodstream during normal circulation is filtered through lymph nodes to remove bacteria, abnormal cells and other matter. This fluid is then transported back into the bloodstream via the lymph vessels. Lymph only moves in one direction, toward the heart.

Lymph nodes produce immune cells to help fight infection. They also filter the lymph fluid and remove foreign material, such as bacteria and cancer cells. They can become swollen from inflammatory conditions, an abscess, cancer, and most commonly from infection. Common areas where lymph nodes can be felt include the groin, armpit, behind the ears, back of the head, sides of the neck and under the jaw and chin.

Lymph nodes play an important part in the body’s defense against infection. Swelling might occur even if the infection is trivial or not apparent. Swelling of lymph nodes generally results from localized or systemic infection, abscess formation, or malignancy.

Considerations

Common areas where the lymph nodes can be felt (with the fingers) include:

• Groin
• Armpit
• Neck (there is a chain of lymph nodes on either side of the front of the neck, both sides of the neck, and down each side of the back of the neck)
• Under the jaw and chin
• Behind the ears
• On the back of the head

Causes

Infections are the most common cause of swollen lymph nodes. Infections that can cause them include:

• Abscessed or impacted tooth
• Ear infection
• Colds, flu, and other infections
• Swelling (inflammation) of gums (gingivitis)
• Mononucleosis
• Mouth sores
• Sexually transmitted illness (STI)
• Tonsillitis
• Tuberculosis
• Skin infections

Immune or autoimmune disorders that can cause swollen lymph nodes are:

• HIV
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Cancers that can cause swollen lymph nodes include:

• Leukemia
• Hodgkin disease
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Many other cancers may also cause this problem.

Certain medicines can cause swollen lymph nodes, including:

• Seizure medicines, such as phenytoin
• Typhoid immunization

Which lymph nodes are swollen depends on the cause and the body parts involved. Swollen lymph nodes that appear suddenly and are painful are usually due to injury or infection. Slow, painless swelling may be due to cancer or a tumor.

Home Care

Painful lymph nodes are generally a sign that your body is fighting an infection. The soreness usually goes away in a couple of days without treatment. The lymph node may not return to its normal size for several weeks.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if:

• Your lymph nodes do not get smaller after several weeks or they continue to get larger.
• They are red and tender.
• They feel hard, irregular, or fixed in place.
• You have fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss.
• Any node in a child is larger than 1 centimeter (a little less than half inch) in diameter.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

Your provider will perform a physical examination and ask about your medical history and symptoms. Examples of questions that may be asked include:

• When the swelling began
• If the swelling came on suddenly
• Whether any nodes are painful when pressed

The following tests may be done:

• Blood tests, including liver function tests, kidney function tests, and CBC with differential
• Lymph node biopsy
• Chest x-ray
• Liver-spleen scan

Treatment depends on the cause of the swollen nodes.

Tower RL, Camitta BM. Lymphadenopathy. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 517.

Winter JN. Approach to the patient with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 159.

Last reviewed on: 1/29/2022

Reviewed by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Swollen lymph nodes – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of infection from bacteria or viruses. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer.

Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Lymph node locations

Your lymph nodes play a vital role in your body’s ability to fight off infections. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.

Swollen lymph nodes

One of the most common places to find swollen lymph nodes is in the neck. The inset shows three swollen lymph nodes below the lower jaw.

In some cases, the passage of time and warm compresses may be all you need to treat swollen lymph nodes. If an infection causes swollen lymph nodes, treatment depends on the cause.

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Symptoms

Your lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes situated throughout your body. Many lymph nodes are located in your head and neck region. Lymph nodes that frequently swell are in this area, as well as in your armpits and groin area.

Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that something is wrong somewhere in your body. When your lymph nodes first swell, you might notice:

• Tenderness and pain in the lymph nodes
• Swelling that may be the size of a pea or kidney bean, or even larger in the lymph nodes

Depending on the cause of your swollen lymph nodes, other signs and symptoms you might have include:

• Runny nose, sore throat, fever and other indications of an upper respiratory infection
• General swelling of lymph nodes throughout your body. When this occurs, it may indicate an infection, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or mononucleosis, or an immune system disorder, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
• Hard, fixed, rapidly growing nodes, indicating a possible cancer or lymphoma
• Fever
• Night sweats

When to see a doctor

Some swollen lymph nodes return to normal when the underlying condition, such as a minor infection, gets better. See your doctor if you’re concerned or if your swollen lymph nodes:

• Have appeared for no apparent reason
• Continue to enlarge or have been present for two to four weeks
• Feel hard or rubbery, or don’t move when you push on them
• Are accompanied by persistent fever, night sweats or unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical care if you’re having difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Causes

Lymph nodes are small, round or bean-shaped clusters of cells. Inside lymph nodes are a combination of different types of immune system cells. These specialized cells filter your lymphatic fluid as it travels through your body and protect you by destroying invaders.

Lymph nodes are located in groups, and each group drains a specific area of your body. You may be more likely to notice swelling in certain areas, such as in the lymph nodes in your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin. The site of the swollen lymph nodes may help identify the underlying cause.

The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, particularly a viral infection, such as the common cold. Other possible causes of swollen lymph nodes include:

Common infections

• Strep throat
• Measles
• Ear infections
• Infected (abscessed) tooth
• Mononucleosis
• Skin or wound infections, such as cellulitis
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — the virus that causes AIDS

Uncommon infections

• Tuberculosis
• Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
• Toxoplasmosis — a parasitic infection resulting from contact with the feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
• Cat scratch fever — a bacterial infection from a cat scratch or bite

Immune system disorders

• Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
• Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the tissue that lines your joints (synovium)

Cancers

• Lymphoma — cancer that originates in your lymphatic system
• Leukemia — cancer of your body’s blood-forming tissue, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system
• Other cancers that have spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes

Other possible but rare causes include certain medications, such as the anti-seizure medication phenytoin (Dilantin) and preventive medications for malaria.

Complications

If infection is the cause of your swollen lymph nodes and isn’t treated, an abscess may form. Abscesses are localized collections of pus caused by infections. Pus contains fluid, white blood cells, dead tissue, and bacteria or other invaders. An abscess may require drainage and antibiotic treatment.

Everything you need to know about swollen lymph nodes in the neck

Introduction:

Lymph nodes are small bean-sized glands that filter the lymph that circulates through the lymphatic system. They contain white blood cells that are responsible for the immune system of the body. Therefore, the lymph nodes are an important part of the immune system. In fact, these glands trap invading microorganisms to prevent them from infecting other parts of the body. These nodes may swell as a result of infections caused by bacteria or viruses, and rarely as a result of tumors. Lymph nodes are located throughout the body, mainly on the neck, in the armpits and in the inguinal fold. They may enlarge in response to infections in the areas where they are located.

In this article, we will focus on the description of cervical lymph node enlargement or cervical lymphadenopathy, which is considered one of the most common lymphadenitis.

Anatomical overview

Lymph nodes collect and filter fluids, waste products, and potentially harmful pathogens. There are hundreds of lymph nodes in the human body. The following are the lymph nodes that people can see or feel:

• Submandibular
• Neck
• Axillary
• Groin

Lymph fluid circulates throughout the body, entering and leaving the lymph nodes before returning to the chest. At the same time, the lymph nodes trap and neutralize dangerous pathogens (microbes, viruses, and waste products of the body). The lymph nodes filter the fluid and return it to the bloodstream along with essential salts and proteins.

Lymph nodes also contain immune cells that help fight disease by destroying bacteria that have accumulated in the body’s lymphatic fluid. When a person becomes ill with an acute infection, the lymph nodes may swell. The swelling is caused by the activation of immune cells in the lymph nodes.

The location of the swelling is often associated with the affected area. An ear infection, for example, can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the ear, and an upper respiratory infection can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Cervical lymph node (N) classification

Level IA: Submental region

These lymph nodes are located within the triangle formed by the anterior belly of the digastric muscles (on both sides) and the hyoid bone on the underside.

Level IB: Submandibular region

These nodes are located within the triangle formed by the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle on the lower side and the body of the mandible on the upper side. It should be emphasized that when the LN is excised at this level, the submandibular gland must be included in the resected material.

Level IIA and IIB: Superior jugular group

These are the lymph nodes that surround the superior part of the internal jugular vein (IJV). They expand from the base of the skull upward to the level of the lower edge of the hyoid bone downward. In front, it borders on the lateral edges of the sternohyoid and stylohyoid muscles. Behind, they are limited by the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Level IIA LNs are located anterior to the vertical plane of the spinal accessory nerve, while level IIB LNs are located posterior to this plane. The vertical plane in the posterior submandibular gland radiographically separates the level IB and level IIA LNs.

Level III: Middle jugular group

These lymph nodes are located in the middle third of the VJV and extend from the lower edge of the hyoid bone above to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage below. The anterior border is also represented by the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle, and the posterior border is represented by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This category includes the jugular-hyoid LN.

Level IV: Inferior jugular group

These LNs run from the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage to the clavicle and are located around the lower third of the VJV. This group borders anteriorly on the lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle and posteriorly on the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It should be noted that the Virchow lymph node falls into this category.

Levels VA and VB: Posterior triangle group

The upper limit of this group is defined by the convergence of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and the lower limit is formed by the clavicle. The anterior border is defined by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the posterior border is formed by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.

The VA and VB lymph nodes are separated by an imaginary horizontal plane that marks the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. VA nodes contain spinal accessory nodes, while VB nodes include nodes around the transverse cervical vessels and supraclavicular nodes.

Level VI: Central Sector Group

This level contains the pretracheal, paratracheal, precricoid (Delphic), and perithyroid nodes (including the nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerves). This region extends from the hyoid bone above to the suprasternal notch below. Laterally, it is bounded by the common carotid arteries (CCA).

Pathophysiology

Lymph nodes are part of the reticuloendothelial system, which also includes blood monocytes, connective tissue macrophages, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, bones, lymphoid tissue associated with the mucous membrane of the internal organs, lymphatic veins and lymphatic fluid located in the inter static fluid.

Lymph fluid circulates throughout the lymphatic system, passing from the organs through the lymph capillaries, lymph arteries, and eventually the lymph nodes to filter foreign agents. Foreign substances are absorbed by lymphoid cells, causing them to proliferate and expand. Cellular growth in lymphoid follicles can be seen under the microscope as multiple mitotic figures. Patients may develop local tenderness as the lymph nodes expand as a result of the increased load.

B cell development begins with bone marrow pluripotent stem cells. B cells that efficiently construct their immunoglobulin heavy chains move to germinal centers, providing antibody diversity through somatic hypermutation. B-cell lymphomas are thought to be caused by somatic hypermutation changes and chromosomal translocations.

T cell development also begins with pluripotent stem cells that mature in the thymus cortex. T cells initiate certain rearrangements in the T cell receptor while in the thymus cortex. It is believed that T cell lymphogenesis is caused by chromosomal translocations at the level of T cell receptors.

Lymph node follicle necrosis can develop as a result of various diseases, including inflammatory, infectious, and malignant diseases. A predominance of neutrophilic infiltrates indicates a bacterial disease, while a predominance of lymphocytic infiltrates may indicate a viral infection. However, physicians should keep in mind that the etiology of lymph node enlargement varies; lymphomas, leukemias, tuberculosis, or even systemic lupus may be an appropriate diagnosis in certain clinical settings.

What causes swollen lymph nodes in the neck?

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck are usually a sign that your immune system is fighting to protect your body from illness caused by a foreign agent such as a virus, parasite, or bacterium. Swollen cervical lymph nodes are usually caused by conditions that affect organs near the neck, such as an infected tooth, colds, flu, tonsillitis, ear or throat infections, angina, and cellulitis.

Various conditions can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck:

Viral infections:

The most common cause is:

• Viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, such as a cold or flu
• Human immunodeficiency virus: HIV
• Herpes simplex virus
• Adenovirus
• Epstein Barr virus mononucleosis
• Cytomegalovirus

Bacterial infections:

• Streptococcal infection of the oropharynx due to streptococcus
• Tuberculosis
• Staphylococcus
• Syphilis (sexually transmitted infection)
• Cat scratch disease

Parasitic infections:

• Toxoplasmosis
• Leishmaniasis

More serious conditions can also lead to swollen lymph nodes throughout the body.

Autoimmune diseases:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Cancers:

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck can sometimes be a sign of cancer that has spread to the lymph glands:

• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Lung cancer
• Metastatic cancer

Cancer is suspected if an enlarged cervical lymph node does not shrink for a long time or enlarges over time, is painless, and has difficulty moving. A competent doctor will help to make the correct diagnosis.

Sometimes some medications can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, including immunization against typhoid fever.

What are the symptoms of swollen neck lymph nodes?

Symptoms are widely varied and often associated with the underlying disease causing enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes:

• Localized pain
• High temperature
• Increased swelling
• Temperature increase in affected area
• Weakness
• Difficulty swallowing, breathing or moving
• Night sweats
• Fatigue

All aspects of a complete history and a thorough physical examination must be kept in mind at all times. It is necessary to pay attention to the following history events:

1. Case history: location, pain – if yes, intensity, quality, onset, provoking factors, mitigating factors
2. Medical history: It is critical to understand the patient’s past medical history as this may provide insight into the cause of the lymphadenopathy (eg, HIV/AIDS, distant history of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma).
3. Drugs: Some drugs may cause reversible lymphadenopathy (eg, cephalosporins, phenytoin)
4. Social history : Important to understand living conditions, toxic exposure, alcohol, cigarette and recreational drug use, pet ownership, contact with animals, and recent travel.
5. Sexual history: Need to know the number of sexual partners, whether they are sexually active with men, women, or both; use of protective equipment, history of sexually transmitted infections, and partners who knew about sexually transmitted diseases.
6. Surgical history: Find out what procedures were performed and when they occurred, as well as how quickly lymphadenopathy (i.e., postoperative lymphadenopathy) developed
7. Family history: It is very important to determine if there is a family history of cancer.

Physical examination includes the following:

1. Vital signs: temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation are important in determining whether the patient is hemodynamically stable. This can help distinguish sepsis from other illnesses.
2. A complete physical examination is required , including examination of the head, ears, nose, throat, and thyroid gland. Auscultation of the lungs and heart, as well as palpation for splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. A thorough examination of the skin, including palpation where necessary, should be performed to look for rashes, lesions, and nodules.
3. When palpating lymphadenopathy, be aware of location, size, stiffness, and discomfort.

Location:

• The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located above and below the anterior cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes in the posterior cervical region are located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
• In addition, check bilaterally for supraclavicular, axillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy.
• Local lymphadenopathy means more limited disease than extensive lymphadenopathy.

1. Size:

• Cervical and axillary lymph nodes are rarely larger than 1 cm; supraclavicular nodes are rarely larger than 0.5 cm, and inguinal nodes are rarely larger than 1.5 cm.

2. Hardness:

• In general, a mobile lymph node is less suspicious of malignancy.

3. Pain:

• Pain may be a sign of inflammation or an acute reaction to an infection, but is rarely associated with malignancy.

However, sometimes an enlarged lymph node in the neck can also be asymptomatic with no symptoms other than swelling.

How is an enlarged cervical lymph node diagnosed?

In addition to the medical history and an accurate physical examination, the doctor will evaluate the characteristics of the node:

• Its size is
• Its consistency is
• Soreness
• Cohesion with surrounding tissues
• Form
• Softness
• Temperature
• Texture

You must disclose all the details to your doctor in order to get the best results: Have you recently been scratched by a cat or dog? Do you eat undercooked meat? Have you traveled recently? Have you had risky sexual behavior? An honest answer to all these questions is an important step in quickly determining the correct diagnosis. Also, some additional tests may be needed to help determine the cause:

• Blood tests: help assess your general health and detect some hidden diseases
• Imaging studies: e. g. x-ray and ultrasound scans to help detect tumors or sources of infection
• Biopsy: a biopsy may be required to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. It involves making a small incision and taking a small sample from a swollen lymph node in the neck for microscopic examination in a laboratory.

How to detect an enlarged neck lymph node?

You can find a swollen lymph node in your neck yourself.

Here are some simple and easy steps you can follow:

1. Feel the lymph node by rubbing in a circular motion with your fingertips
2. Gently press on the neck
3. Compare lymph nodes on both sides of the neck

If you have an enlarged lymph node, you can easily find it because swollen lymph nodes in the neck feel larger than usual, soft to the touch, sometimes sore and warm, which are signs of inflammation. You may also feel pain when making sudden movements. Some common symptoms can bring out these swollen nodes.

How often should we check the lymph nodes in the neck?

It is recommended to check the lymph nodes once a month to detect asymptomatic enlarged lymph nodes in the neck at an early stage.

Treatment of enlarged lymph nodes

There is no special kit for the treatment of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. It all depends on the underlying cause. If a swollen cervical lymph node is not a serious disease, then it will disappear on its own in a few days even without any treatment. You can take certain medications to relieve certain symptoms, such as fever and pain relievers, if necessary. Don’t forget to rest well, it can help.

If a swollen cervical lymph node is caused by a bacterial or viral infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics or antivirals to treat it. When the infectious agent is eliminated, the enlarged lymph node returns to its normal size.

When the cause of a swollen cervical lymph node is a tumor, your doctor will decide the best treatment for you by removing the entire node using radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of treatments.

Complications of swollen cervical lymph nodes

As already explained, a swollen cervical lymph node may be a normal response of the body to disease.

In many cases, it usually decreases on its own within a few weeks. However, the neck node can remain enlarged even after the disease has been treated, and this chronically swollen lymph node in the neck leads to a number of complications. These complications depend on the cause of the swollen cervical lymph node.

For example, if the cause is infectious and the cervical lymphadenopathy is left untreated, an abscess, which is a collection of pus under the skin, can develop, which can become a serious problem requiring surgical treatment. Otherwise, a neglected inflamed lymph node in the neck can spread the infection into the bloodstream, causing septicemia, which is a life-threatening condition.

Differential Diagnosis

Due to the variety of causes of lymphadenopathy, doctors often face diagnostic difficulties. To eliminate confusion and improve diagnostic accuracy, collect a complete history and physical findings, develop a set of differential diagnoses, and categorize them based on their presentation.

Causes of lymphadenopathy:

• Malignant: Lymphadenopathy may be alarming in diagnoses such as metastatic breast cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic disease (eg, gastric cancer), and skin malignancies if history and physicist physical examination are the same.
• Autoimmune: Certain immune-mediated diseases such as dermatomyositis, Kawasaki disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Still’s disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus can cause lymph node abnormalities.
• Infectious: Various infections can cause benign changes in the lymph nodes. Many types of infections, such as bacterial, viral, and others, may be considered by healthcare professionals:

1. Bacterial diseases include brucellosis, cat-scratch disease, bacterial pharyngitis, syphilis, tuberculosis, tularemia, and typhoid fever.
2. Cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, herpes simplex, HIV, mononucleosis, rubella, viral pharyngitis are all viral infections.

• Drugs: Drug treatment can often cause benign lymph node enlargement. Allopurinol, atenolol, captopril, carbamazepine, cephalosporins, gold preparations, hydralazine, penicillin, phenytoin, primidone, pyrimethamine, quinidine, sulfonamides and sulindac are examples of these drugs

When should you see a doctor if you have an enlarged lymph node in your neck?

It’s time to seek medical help if:

• Nodules suddenly swollen for no apparent reason
• Nodules remain enlarged for more than two weeks
• You have difficulty breathing or swallowing
• You have a persistent high fever and night sweats
• You have unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
• Swollen neck lymph node gets larger over time
• Swollen lymph node, painful or difficult to move

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, contact your doctor as soon as possible. You can start by visiting your primary care physician, who will be able to diagnose your problems by discussing your symptoms, performing a physical examination and possibly some biological tests to evaluate your case and either prescribe treatment or refer you to a specialist (hematologist, infectious disease specialist, oncologist, or surgeon), depending on the cause of the enlarged cervical lymph node.

Prognosis

• Swollen lymph nodes in young people (eg children) are often benign and associated with infection. There are a few exceptions to the norm, especially if the patient’s history and physical findings suggest persistent infection, cancer, or autoimmune disorders.
• Other risk factors that may be poor prognostic indicators include older age, duration of lymphadenopathy (> 4 weeks), widespread lymphadenopathy, male gender, no reduction in node size, and systemic signs such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly.

Swollen lymph node prevention

The only way to avoid swollen lymph nodes is to avoid situations that can lead to them. Here are some things you can do:

• Maintain good oral hygiene to keep your teeth and gums healthy.
• Wash your hands frequently.
• Get immunized against diseases such as shingles, tuberculosis, and influenza.
• Avoid sharing food, drink, or personal items such as towels with someone who has an infectious virus-like illness or a cold.
• Use condoms or other barrier methods during intercourse.
• If you have an adverse or allergic reaction to medicines, talk to your doctor.
• Do not let your indoor cats play outside and do not let them come into contact with feral cats.

Summary:

Swollen cervical lymph nodes is one of the most common lymphadenitis. They usually appear as a reaction of the body to various conditions, such as an infection. It is a symptom, not a disease. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck tend to disappear spontaneously within a short period of time and without any treatment.

However, it is important to see a doctor to diagnose the cause and decide if you need treatment, especially when you experience some specific symptoms such as persistent high fever, difficulty swallowing or breathing, and night sweats. Only identifying the exact cause of a swollen neck lymph node can help determine the right treatment.

Why there is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck: causes, symptoms, treatment

Contents

• 1 Causes and treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck: how to get rid of unpleasant symptoms?
  • 1.1 Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.1.1 Infections
    • 1.1.2 Dental problems
    • 1.1.3 Skin lesions
    • 1.1.4 Oncology
  • 1.2 Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.2.1 General information
    • 1.2.2 Symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.2.3 When should I see a doctor?
  • 1. 3 Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.3.1 Medical history
    • 1.3.2 Examination
    • 1.3.3 Laboratory and instrumental studies
    • 1.3.3. 3.4 Biopsy
  • 1.4 Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
    • 1.4.1 General principles of treatment
    • 1.4.2 Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck in children
    • 1.4.3 Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck with lymphadenitis
  • 1.5 How to avoid inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?
  • 1.6 Inflammation of the lymph nodes in children
    • 1.6.1 Causes
    • 1.6.2 Symptoms
    • 1.6.3 Treatment
    • 1.6.4 Prevention
  • 1.7 When should you see a doctor for swollen lymph nodes in your neck?
  • 1.8 Link between inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and cancer
  • 1.9 Related videos:
  • 1.10 Q&A:
    • • 1.10.0.1 What are lymph nodes and why does the body need them?
      • 1. 10.0.2 What causes inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?
      • 1.10.0.3 How is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck diagnosed?
      • 1.10.0.4 How is swollen lymph nodes in the neck treated?
      • 1.10.0.5 Can swollen lymph nodes in the neck go away on their own?
      • 1.10.0.6 How can inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck be prevented?
  • 1.11 Other causes of swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • 1.12 Conclusions

Find out the main causes of swollen lymph nodes in the neck and how they can be treated to restore health and improve well-being. Read the article on our website and do not put off taking care of your health!

Lymph nodes are part of the body’s lymphatic system that perform an important protective function. They act as a barrier that prevents the penetration of infections and harmful substances into the tissues and organs of the human body. However, sometimes the lymph nodes themselves can become the site of infection or stress conditions, causing inflammation and enlargement.

Especially often the lymph nodes become inflamed in the neck, where a large number of lymph nodes are located. The causes of inflammation can be diseases of the upper respiratory tract (throat, nose), teeth, ulcers, colds. Also, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be a sign of serious diseases – tumors, infections, tuberculosis.

To identify inflammation of the lymph nodes and determine the causes of its occurrence, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis and consult a specialist. Depending on the circumstances, treatment may include the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-tuberculosis drugs, recommendations to strengthen the immune system and prevent possible diseases.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Infections

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by various infections. For example, it can be the flu, SARS, tonsillitis, runny nose, chicken pox, streptococcal infection and others. During the body’s fight against infection, the lymph nodes increase in size and become inflamed, which signals that the body is fighting the infection.

Positive

41.67%

Negative

37.5%

Neutral

20.83%

Dental problems

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be associated with diseases of the teeth and gums, such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis. In this case, the inflammation of the lymph nodes is the body’s response to the bacteria that cause the disease.

Injuries to the skin

Injuries and various injuries to the skin of the head and neck can also lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Lymph nodes become inflamed to help the body fight infection that can occur as a result of skin damage.

Oncology

It is possible that inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck may be associated with various cancers, such as lymphoma or head and neck cancer. In such cases, the inflammation of the lymph nodes does not go away, but increases with time, so it is important to consult a doctor to rule out oncology.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

General information

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is often a sign of an infection in the body. The lymph nodes in the neck are close to the surface of the skin and their inflammation can lead to pain and discomfort.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

The main symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck are:

• Hypersensitivity in the area of ​​the lymph nodes;
• Soreness when touching lymph nodes;
• Enlarged lymph nodes. Depending on the cause of the inflammation of the lymph nodes, they may increase in size to varying degrees;
• Edema of surrounding tissues in the area of ​​inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• Headache, fever, fatigue, general malaise.

When should I see a doctor?

If you notice swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes in your neck, be sure to seek medical attention. The doctor will conduct the necessary examination and find out the cause of the inflammation of the lymph nodes and prescribe an effective treatment.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Medical history

The first step in the diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is to take an anamnesis of the disease. The doctor should ask the patient about the presence of symptoms such as sore throat, runny nose, cough, fever. It is also necessary to find out if the patient has had similar symptoms before and how they were treated.

Examination

After taking the medical history, the patient is examined. The doctor checks for swelling and redness in the neck. He also palpates the lymph nodes and determines their size and condition. If a tumor is present, the doctor may recommend a more detailed examination.

Laboratory and instrumental research

Laboratory and instrumental research methods are used to diagnose inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Blood is taken for general analysis and detection of inflammatory processes in the body. You can also prescribe an ultrasound to more accurately identify the condition of the lymph nodes and determine the presence of tumors.

Biopsy

In some cases, a biopsy may be ordered to determine the cause of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. During a biopsy, a small sample of lymph node tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. This allows you to identify the presence of infectious agents or tumors.

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

General principles of treatment

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck depends on its cause. However, there are general principles of treatment:

1. Prescription of antiviral, antibacterial or antifungal drugs;
2. Use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs;
3. Completeness and correctness of nutrition;
4. Physiotherapy.

A few days before the start of treatment, it is recommended to avoid smoking, drinking alcohol and fatigue.

Treatment of swollen lymph nodes in the neck in children

In case of swollen lymph nodes in the neck of children, a pediatrician should be consulted. The purpose of treatment depends on the cause of the inflammation. However, there are general principles of treatment:

• Carrying out hygiene procedures;
• Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, certain antibiotics or antimycotic drugs;
• Completeness and correctness of nutrition.

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck with lymphadenitis

Lymphadenitis is an acute form of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, which can lead to complications. With lymphadenitis, along with the standard treatment necessary for other forms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, local therapy is carried out:

• Use of antibiotics;
• Washing the inflamed area;
• Use of medical dressings or application of a medical compress;
• Surgery may sometimes be required to remove purulent accumulations.

In case of lymphadenitis, it is not recommended to prescribe treatment on your own, you should consult an infectologist or otolaryngologist.

How to avoid inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

The lymph nodes in the neck are part of our immune system that protects us from infections and diseases. They may enlarge due to inflammation, also known as lymphadenitis.

To prevent inflammation of the lymph nodes, it is recommended:

• Maintain hygiene – Wash your hands regularly and practice basic hygiene. This helps prevent infection and the spread of bacteria and infections.
• Avoid possible sources of infection – Avoid contact with people who have infectious diseases such as influenza or SARS.
• Support the immune system – Try to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and physical activity. It strengthens the immune system and helps fight viral and bacterial infections.

If you have signs of swollen lymph nodes, such as soreness or redness in your neck, seek medical attention. Don’t try to treat yourself, as this can make the problem worse.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in children

Causes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is a signal that disease processes are occurring in the child’s body. It can be caused by infectious diseases such as SARS, influenza or tonsillitis, as well as a number of other acute diseases. In addition, the lymph nodes can become inflamed as a result of allergic reactions to food, medicines, or other allergens.

Symptoms

Symptoms of swollen lymph nodes in children may vary depending on the cause of the disease. Usually, swollen lymph nodes in the neck cause pain and discomfort, as well as an increase in their size. The child may experience weakness, dizziness, low body temperature, fever and other symptoms that are characteristic of a disease that causes inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Treatment

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in children should be directed to the treatment of the underlying disease. If the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. In the event of an allergic reaction, it is necessary to identify the allergen and eliminate it from the child’s diet. In most cases, inflamed lymph nodes go away on their own after the treatment of the underlying disease. However, if necessary, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory or pain medication.

Prevention

• Avoid contact between the child and sick people;
• Strengthen your child’s immune system: maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat right, spend a lot of time outdoors;
• Wash your hands regularly and teach your child to do the same;
• Take care of your child’s oral hygiene: brush your teeth, use dental floss and mouth water;
• Get all the necessary vaccinations, if necessary, to strengthen your child’s immunity.

When should you see a doctor for swollen lymph nodes in your neck?

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be a sign of various diseases. In most cases, it is caused by an infection, but it can also be a sign of a more serious condition, such as cancer. Therefore, it is very important to see a doctor if you have the following symptoms:

• Swollen lymph nodes: If you notice swollen lymph nodes in your neck, this may indicate an infection or tumor. If the lymph nodes have become longer for a long time, be sure to visit a doctor.
• Pain: If you feel pain on palpation of the lymph nodes or if they become tender, this may indicate an infection or inflammation. However, it can also be a sign of a more serious illness. In any case, this requires the attention of a doctor.
• Bitterness in the mouth: If you feel that you have a bitter taste in your mouth after eating, this may be a sign of swollen lymph nodes. Consult a doctor to clarify the diagnosis.
• High temperature: If you have other symptoms that accompany inflammation of the lymph nodes, as well as fever, this may indicate more serious diseases, such as viral and bacterial infections.

Link between swollen lymph nodes in the neck and cancer

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by many factors, one of which is cancer. Cancer occurs in tissues, which are made up of cells that grow and divide rapidly. When these cells begin to grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way, they form a tumor. This tumor can spread to nearby tissues, including lymph nodes.

Cancer causes inflammation of the lymph nodes, as they are part of the lymphatic system, which is designed to protect the body from infection and disease. The lymphatic system also plays an important role in the fight against cancer. So when the cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, it can cause them to become inflamed.

However, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is not always associated with cancer. There are many other causes such as infections, allergies, or diseases that can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Therefore, if you find an inflamed lymph node, do not panic and consult a doctor to establish the correct diagnosis.

In any case, if you suspect cancer, you should contact an oncologist for diagnosis and treatment. Cancer is a serious disease that requires complex treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

In conclusion, inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck may be associated with cancer, but not always. Therefore, if you find an inflamed lymph node, do not waste time and contact a specialist to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment.

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Q&A:

What are lymph nodes and why does the body need them?

Lymph nodes are small organs of the lymphatic system that play an important role in protecting the body from infection and disease. They filter the lymph, remove bacteria, viruses and other impurities from it, and also produce lymphocytes – cells that develop immune responses to diseases.

What causes inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck?

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can be caused by various causes, such as infectious diseases (influenza, SARS, tonsillitis), viruses (HIV, herpes), bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus), cancer, allergic reactions, as well as reactions to drugs or vaccinations.

How is inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck diagnosed?

Diagnosis of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck begins with a visual examination and palpation of the lymph nodes. Further, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy and other research methods may be prescribed to determine the cause of inflammation.

How is swollen lymph nodes in the neck treated?

Treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck depends on the cause that caused the inflammation. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat infectious diseases, antiviral drugs for viral diseases, and antihistamines for allergic reactions. In cases of cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be prescribed.

Can swollen lymph nodes in the neck go away on their own?

Yes, swollen lymph nodes in the neck can go away on their own if they were caused by an infectious disease and the body has coped with the disease. However, if the inflammation does not go away within a few weeks or other symptoms appear, it is necessary to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

How can inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck be prevented?

To prevent inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, it is necessary to practice good hygiene, wash your hands regularly and avoid contact with sick people. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system, eat right, lead an active lifestyle and avoid stressful situations.

Other causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck

Although the most common cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is associated with infectious diseases, there are other causes of this condition. For example, some types of cancer can lead to swollen lymph nodes, which can also cause inflammation. Blood diseases such as lymphoma and leukemia can also cause swollen lymph nodes.

In some cases, errors in the immune system can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck. Sometimes, inflammation of the lymph nodes is associated with a reaction to food allergens or external irritants such as dust or smoke. This can happen due to the fact that the white blood cells in the lymph nodes are actively fighting foreign substances in the body.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck can also be caused by certain drugs. For example, antibiotics and antidepressants can cause a reaction in the body, which manifests itself in the form of inflammation of the lymph nodes. Some causes of inflammation, such as thrombophilia and metastatic cancer, can also lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

• Reminder: If the lymph nodes in the neck are enlarged and do not go away for more than two weeks, it is necessary to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusions

As a result of the study, we can draw the following conclusions:

• Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck is a fairly common disease . It can cause discomfort and pain in the neck, as well as act as a symptom of other diseases, such as influenza or SARS.
• There are several types of lymph nodes in the neck, all of which can be inflamed . This can be determined by a doctor during examination and palpation of the throat and neck.