Why do babies spit up after burping. How can parents prevent spitting up during breastfeeding. What is the difference between spitting up and vomiting. How to handle gagging and biting during breastfeeding.

Understanding Baby Spit-Up: Causes and Normalcy

Spitting up is a common occurrence in infants, especially after feeding or during burping. This phenomenon is often attributed to the immaturity of a baby’s digestive system. Many parents wonder about the frequency and normalcy of this behavior.

Is spitting up after feedings normal? In most cases, yes. Babies may spit up when they:

• Consume too much milk
• Swallow air during feeding
• Experience normal drooling

It’s important to note that spitting up is generally harmless if your baby is growing, gaining weight, and not showing signs of discomfort. The amount of spit-up often appears more significant than it actually is, which can be reassuring for concerned parents.

Spitting Up vs. Vomiting: Recognizing the Difference

While spitting up is usually benign, vomiting can be a cause for concern. How can parents differentiate between the two?

• Spitting up: A gentle flow of stomach contents, often without distress
• Vomiting: Forceful ejection of stomach fluids, usually accompanied by crying or visible upset

If you suspect your baby is vomiting rather than spitting up, it’s advisable to consult your pediatrician. In rare cases, this could indicate an allergy, digestive issue, or other medical concern requiring attention.

Strategies to Reduce Baby Spit-Up

While spitting up is often normal, there are several strategies parents can employ to minimize its occurrence:

1. Burp your baby after feeding from each breast
2. Consider offering smaller, more frequent feeds
3. Keep your baby upright for at least 30 minutes after feeding
4. Avoid jiggling or active play immediately after meals
5. Ensure your baby’s head is above their feet during feeding
6. Slightly elevate the head of your baby’s crib or bassinet

For babies who receive bottled breast milk or formula supplements, additional tips include:

• Burping after every 1-2 ounces consumed
• Avoiding bottle-feeding while the baby is lying down
• Using an appropriate nipple size and flow rate

Many infants outgrow the tendency to spit up once they can sit up independently, typically around 6-7 months of age.

Managing Gagging During Breastfeeding

Some babies may gag or pull away from the breast due to a forceful milk letdown. How can mothers address this issue?

• Try nursing in a more upright position
• Experiment with side-lying feeding positions
• Prevent breast engorgement by nursing every 2-3 hours
• Express a small amount of milk before feeding to reduce initial flow

If gagging persists despite these measures, consulting a lactation specialist or pediatrician is recommended. For bottle-fed babies experiencing similar issues, consider using slower-flow nipples or practicing paced bottle feeding techniques.

Dealing with Biting During Breastfeeding

As babies grow and begin teething, biting during breastfeeding can become a concern. How can mothers prevent or stop this behavior?

• Recognize signs that your baby is finished feeding
• End the feeding session when you sense playfulness or boredom
• Break suction by gently inserting a clean finger between your breast and baby’s gums
• Calmly but firmly say “no” and briefly stop the feeding if biting occurs

Consistency in responding to biting is key. Most babies quickly learn that biting leads to an end of the feeding session and will stop the behavior.

Understanding Breast Milk Production and Supply

Maintaining an adequate milk supply is crucial for successful breastfeeding. What factors influence breast milk production?

• Frequency of nursing or pumping
• Efficiency of milk removal
• Hormonal changes
• Maternal nutrition and hydration

To ensure a stable milk supply, aim to nurse or pump every 2-3 hours during the day and at least once during the night for the first few months. Remember that breast milk production operates on a supply-and-demand basis – the more milk removed, the more your body will produce.

Signs of Adequate Milk Supply

How can mothers be confident their baby is getting enough milk? Look for these indicators:

• Consistent weight gain
• 6-8 wet diapers per day
• Regular bowel movements
• Contentment after feedings
• Audible swallowing during nursing

If you’re concerned about your milk supply, consult a lactation consultant or your healthcare provider for personalized advice and support.

Overcoming Common Breastfeeding Challenges

While breastfeeding is natural, it’s not always easy. What are some common challenges new mothers face?

• Sore or cracked nipples
• Engorgement
• Mastitis
• Plugged ducts
• Latch difficulties

Many of these issues can be resolved with proper technique, support, and sometimes medical intervention. Don’t hesitate to seek help from a lactation consultant or healthcare provider if you’re experiencing persistent breastfeeding challenges.

Tips for Successful Breastfeeding

To enhance your breastfeeding experience, consider these tips:

1. Ensure a proper latch
2. Find comfortable feeding positions
3. Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet
4. Get adequate rest
5. Use nipple cream to prevent soreness
6. Attend breastfeeding support groups

Remember, every mother-baby duo is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Be patient with yourself and your baby as you navigate the breastfeeding journey.

Introducing Solid Foods and Continued Breastfeeding

As your baby grows, you’ll eventually introduce solid foods. How does this impact breastfeeding?

• Start solids around 6 months of age
• Continue breastfeeding alongside solid foods
• Breast milk remains a crucial source of nutrition in the first year
• Follow your baby’s cues for hunger and fullness

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 years or beyond.

Balancing Breastfeeding and Solid Foods

How can mothers maintain a balance between breastfeeding and solid food introduction?

1. Offer breast milk before solid foods in the early stages
2. Gradually increase the amount and variety of solid foods
3. Continue to nurse on demand
4. Be aware that solid foods may change stool consistency and frequency

Remember that every baby progresses at their own pace. Consult your pediatrician for personalized advice on introducing solids and maintaining breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding in Public: Rights and Strategies

Breastfeeding in public can be a source of anxiety for some mothers. What should you know about your rights and how to manage public feedings?

• Familiarize yourself with local breastfeeding laws
• Use nursing covers if you prefer privacy
• Practice at home to build confidence
• Choose breastfeeding-friendly clothing
• Seek out designated nursing areas when available

Remember, breastfeeding is a natural and legal right in many places. Building confidence in public feeding can greatly enhance your breastfeeding experience and freedom.

Responding to Criticism or Discomfort

How can mothers handle negative reactions to public breastfeeding?

1. Know your rights and local laws
2. Remain calm and confident
3. Educate others politely if appropriate
4. Seek support from breastfeeding-friendly establishments
5. Connect with local breastfeeding support groups

Building a support network of other breastfeeding mothers can provide encouragement and shared experiences in navigating public feeding situations.

Long-Term Benefits of Breastfeeding

While addressing immediate concerns like spitting up and gagging is important, it’s also valuable to consider the long-term benefits of breastfeeding. What advantages does breastfeeding offer for both mother and child?

Benefits for the Baby

• Enhanced immune system function
• Reduced risk of allergies and asthma
• Lower likelihood of obesity later in life
• Improved cognitive development
• Reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Benefits for the Mother

• Faster postpartum recovery
• Reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer
• Natural form of birth control (when exclusively breastfeeding)
• Potential for easier weight loss after pregnancy
• Enhanced bonding with the baby

These long-term benefits can serve as motivation during challenging times in the breastfeeding journey. Remember that any amount of breastfeeding, even if not exclusive or long-term, can provide benefits to both mother and child.

Pumping and Storing Breast Milk

For mothers who need to be away from their babies or want to build a milk supply, pumping and storing breast milk is essential. What are the best practices for pumping and storage?

Pumping Tips

• Choose the right pump for your needs (manual, electric, or hospital-grade)
• Ensure proper flange size for comfort and efficiency
• Pump at regular intervals to maintain supply
• Stay hydrated and relaxed while pumping
• Massage breasts before and during pumping to enhance milk flow

Proper Storage Guidelines

• Use clean, food-grade containers or storage bags
• Label milk with date and amount
• Store in small portions (2-4 ounces) to minimize waste
• Refrigerate milk for up to 4 days
• Freeze milk for up to 6 months (ideal) or 12 months (acceptable)

Proper handling and storage of breast milk ensure that your baby continues to receive the benefits of your milk even when direct breastfeeding isn’t possible.

Thawing and Using Stored Milk

How should stored breast milk be thawed and used?

1. Thaw frozen milk in the refrigerator or under cool running water
2. Never microwave breast milk, as it can create hot spots and destroy nutrients
3. Use thawed milk within 24 hours
4. Gently swirl milk to mix separated fat
5. Test temperature before feeding to ensure it’s not too hot

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your baby receives safe, nutritious breast milk even when you’re not available to nurse directly.

Weaning: When and How to Stop Breastfeeding

Eventually, all breastfeeding relationships come to an end. When is the right time to wean, and how can it be done gently?

Signs of Readiness for Weaning

• Decreased interest in nursing
• Increased interest in solid foods
• Ability to drink from a cup
• Mother’s desire to stop breastfeeding

The decision to wean is personal and depends on both mother and child. There’s no single “right” time to stop breastfeeding.

Gradual Weaning Techniques

1. Drop one feeding at a time, starting with the least favorite
2. Shorten nursing sessions gradually
3. Offer alternative forms of comfort and bonding
4. Introduce new routines to replace nursing sessions
5. Be patient and flexible with the process

Gradual weaning can help prevent engorgement for the mother and emotional distress for the baby. It’s important to proceed at a pace that’s comfortable for both.

Managing Emotions During Weaning

The end of the breastfeeding journey can be emotional for both mother and child. How can this transition be managed sensitively?

• Acknowledge and validate feelings of sadness or loss
• Celebrate the successful breastfeeding relationship
• Find new ways to maintain physical closeness
• Seek support from other mothers who have been through weaning
• Be kind to yourself and your child during this transition

Remember that weaning doesn’t mean the end of your close bond with your child. It’s simply a transition to a new phase of your relationship.

Breastfeeding FAQs: Spitting Up, Gagging, and Biting (for Parents)

en español: Preguntas más frecuentes sobre la lactancia materna: regurgitación, arcadas y mordidas

Medically reviewed by: Jamila H. Richardson, BSN, RN, IBCLC

Breastfeeding is natural, but it takes practice to get it right. Here’s what you need to know about spitting up, gagging, and other concerns during breastfeeding.

Is it Normal for My Baby to Spit Up After Feedings?

Sometimes, babies spit up when they eat too much, or when they burp or drool. Many infants will spit up a little after some — or even all — feedings or during burping because their digestive systems are immature. That’s perfectly normal.

As long as your baby is growing and gaining weight and doesn’t seem uncomfortable with the spitting up, it’s OK. The amount of spit-up often looks like more than it actually is. But spitting up isn’t the same as forcefully vomiting all or most of a feeding.

What’s the Difference Between Spitting Up and Vomiting?

Vomiting is a forceful projection of stomach fluids. Spitting up is a more gentle “flow” of fluids that come up. Babies don’t usually react to spitting up, but a vomiting baby will usually look upset or cry.

If you’re concerned that your baby is vomiting, call your doctor. In rare cases, there may be an allergy, digestive problem, or other problem that needs medical care. It helps to keep track of how often and how much your baby is vomiting or spitting up.

How Can I Keep My Baby From Spitting Up?

If the doctor says your baby’s spitting up is normal, here are some things you can do to help lessen it:

• Burp your baby after each feed from each breast. Sometimes giving smaller feeds more often can help, rather than giving larger-volume feeds.
• Keep your baby upright after feedings for at least 30 minutes. Holding your baby is best, since the way your baby sits in an infant seat may actually make spitting up more likely.
• Don’t jiggle, bounce, or actively play with your baby right after feedings.
• Keep your baby’s head above the feet while feeding. Don’t hold your baby in a dipped-down position when feeding.
• Raise the head of your baby’s crib or bassinet. Roll up a few small hand towels or receiving blankets (or you can buy special wedges) to place under — not on top of — the mattress. Never use a pillow under your baby’s head. Make sure the mattress doesn’t fold in the middle, and that the incline is gentle enough that your baby doesn’t slide down.

If your baby also gets bottles of breast milk or infant formula supplements:

• Burp after your baby drinks 1–2 ounces from a bottle.
• Don’t give the bottle while your little one is lying down.
• Make sure the hole in the nipple is the right size and/or flow for your baby. For example, fast-flow nipples may cause babies to gag or may give them more milk than they can handle at once. Many breastfed babies do well with the slow-flow nipple until they are 3 months old, or even older.

Many babies outgrow spitting up by the time they’re sitting up.

How Can I Keep My Baby From Gagging?

Sometimes the force of your milk (especially when it “lets down”) is so strong that it can cause your baby to gag and pull off of the breast. If this happens during feeding:

• Try nursing your baby in a more upright position (head above the breast). This may ease the force of the milk.
• Nurse in a side-lying position, which also might help slow the flow of milk. 
• Make sure your breasts are not engorged or over-full. Nursing every 2–3 hours can help prevent engorgement. If your breasts are too full and you’re concerned about a forceful letdown, express or pump a little bit of milk a few minutes before feeding time to avoid a strong letdown.

If your baby is pulling off and gagging or coughing during feeding, sit your baby up in a seated burp position. Gently pat the back to help your baby calm down before continuing feeding. If you’ve tried the steps above and this continues to happen, talk to your doctor or lactation consultant. 

If your baby sometimes gags or chokes while taking a bottle of breast milk: 

• Try a different nipple with a slower flow.
• Practice “paced” bottle feeding. This is where you slow down the milk flow from the bottle by holding it at less of an angle and allowing your baby to pause for breaks.

My Baby Bites During Breastfeeding. What Can I Do?

Babies will often play with their mothers’ nipples with their gums, not meaning to cause any harm. But once they start teething, a baby might bite down, not knowing this is hurting mom.

Sometimes you can tell when your baby’s about ready to bite down — usually when satisfied and starting to pull away from the breast. When you sense that your baby is finished feeding and may be bored or feeling playful, end the feeding. Break the suction by slipping your finger into the corner of your baby’s mouth.

If your baby is already biting down, pull your baby closer to you to make it more difficult to pull off easily. Then, break the suction. React calmly without raising your voice. 

Here are more ways to make baby less likely to bite:

• Before a feed, give your baby something to chew on. Make sure it’s big enough that it can’t be swallowed or choked on and that it can’t break into small pieces. A wet washcloth placed in the freezer for 30 minutes makes a handy teething toy. Be sure to take it out of the freezer before it becomes rock hard — you don’t want to bruise those already swollen gums. Wash after each use.
• Say, “Mommy is not for biting. You can bite this.” Then, offer your little one a teething toy or ring.
• Praise your baby — with a hug, kiss, or cuddle — whenever they nurse without biting or trying to bite.

Usually this is enough to stop the biting, but if your baby continues, talk to your doctor or lactation consultant for advice.

Medically reviewed by: Jamila H. Richardson, BSN, RN, IBCLC

Date reviewed: January 2021

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Why Babies Spit Up – HealthyChildren.org

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By: Alejandro Velez, MD, FAAP & Christine Waasdorp Hurtado, MD, FAAP

All babies spit up. Some babies spit up more than others, or at certain times.

Typically, babies spit up after they gulp down some air with breastmilk or formula. A baby’s stomach is small and can’t hold a lot, after all. Milk and air can fill it up quickly.

With a full stomach, any change in position such as bouncing or sitting up can force the flap between the esophagus (food pipe) and stomach to open. And when that flap (the esophageal sphincter) opens, that’s when some of what your baby just ate can make a return appearance.

So, what can you do―if anything―to reduce the amount of your baby’s spit up? How do you know if your baby’s symptoms are part of a larger problem? Read on to learn more.

Common concerns parents have about spit up

My baby spits up a little after most feedings.

• 
  Possible cause:
  Gastroesophageal reflux (normal if mild)

• 
  Action to take: None. The spitting up will grow less frequent and stop as your baby’s muscles mature—especially that flap we talked about earlier. It often just takes time.

My baby gulps their feedings and seems to have a lot of gas.

• 
  Possible cause: Aerophagia (swallowing more air than usual)

• 
  Action to take: Make sure your baby is positioned properly during feeds. Also be sure to burp the baby during and after feeds. Consider trying a different bottle to decrease your baby’s ability to suck in air.

My baby spits up when you bounce them or play with them after meals.

My baby’s spitting up has changed to vomiting with muscle contractions that occur after every feeding. The vomit shoots out with force.

I found blood in my baby’s spit-up or vomit.

• 
  Possible cause: Swelling of the esophagus or stomach (esophagitis or gastritis), or another health problem that requires diagnosis and treatment.

• 
  Action to take: Call you pediatrician right away so they can examine your baby.

Remedies for spitty babies

Regardless of whether or not your baby’s spit up warrants watchful waiting or medical intervention, there are some simple feeding suggestions that can help you deal with the situation at hand.

5 tips to reduce your baby’s spit up

• 
  Avoid overfeeding. Like a gas tank, fill baby’s stomach it too full (or too fast) and it’s going to spurt right back out at you. To help reduce the likelihood of overfeeding, feed your baby smaller amounts more frequently.

• 
  Burp your baby more frequently. Extra gas in your baby’s stomach has a way of stirring up trouble. As gas bubbles escape, they have an annoying tendency to bring the rest of the stomach’s contents up with them. To minimize the chances of this happening, burp not only after, but also during meals.

• 
  Limit active play after meals and hold your baby upright. Pressing on a baby’s belly right after eating can up the odds that anything in their stomach will be forced into action. While
  tummy time is important for babies, postponing it for a while after meals can serve as an easy and effective avoidance technique.

• 
  Consider the formula. If your baby is
  formula feeding, there’s a possibility that their formula could be contributing to their spitting up. While some babies simply seem to fare better with one formula over another without having a true
  allergy or intolerance, an estimated 5% of babies are genuinely unable to handle the proteins found in milk or soy formula―a condition called Cow Milk Protein Intolerance/Allery (CMPI and CMPA). In either case, spitting up may serve as one of several cues your baby may give you that it’s time to discuss alternative formulas with your pediatrician. If your baby does have a true intolerance, a 1- or 2-week trial of hypoallergenic (hydrolyzed) formula designed to be better tolerated might be recommended by your baby’s provider.

• 
  If breastfeeding, consider your diet. Cow’s milk and soy in your diet can worsen spit up in infants with Cow Milk Protein Intolerance/Allergy (CMPI and CMPA). Removing these proteins can help to reduce or eliminate spit up.

• 
  Try a little oatmeal. Giving babies cereal before 6 months is generally not recommended—with one possible exception. Babies and children with dysphagia or reflux, for example, may need their food to be thicker in order to swallow safely or reduce reflux. In response to concerns over
  arsenic in rice, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) now recommends parents of children with these conditions use of oatmeal instead of rice cereal.
  See
  
  Oatmeal: The Safer Alternative for Infants & Children Who Need Thicker Food for more information.

Vomit vs. spit up: what’s the difference?

There is a big difference between vomiting and spitting up:

Vomiting is the forceful throwing up of stomach contents through the mouth. This typically involves using the abdominal muscles and is often uncomfortable, leaving you with a crying child.

Spitting up is the easy flow of stomach contents out of the mouth, frequently with a burp. Spitting up doesn’t involve forceful muscle contractions, brings up only small amounts of milk, and doesn’t distress your baby or make them uncomfortable.

What causes vomiting?

Vomiting occurs when the abdominal muscles and diaphragm contract vigorously while the stomach is relaxed. This reflex action is triggered by the “vomiting center” in the brain after it has been stimulated by:

• Nerves from the stomach and intestine when the gastrointestinal tract is either irritated or swollen by an infection or blockage (as in the stomach bug)

• Chemicals in the blood such as drugs

• Psychological stimuli from disturbing sights or smells

• Stimuli from the middle ear (as in vomiting caused by motion sickness)

Always contact your pediatrician if your baby vomits forcefully after every feeding or if there is ever blood in your baby’s vomit.

Remember

The best way to reduce spit up is to feed your baby before they get very hungry. Gently burp your baby when they take breaks during feedings. Limit active play after meals and hold your baby in an upright position for at least 20 minutes. Always closely supervise your baby during this time.

More information

• 
  How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained
• 
  Gastroesophageal Reflux & Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Parent FAQs
• 
  How Much and How Often Should Your Baby Eat

Last Updated

10/5/2022

Source

American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Copyright © 2022)

The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

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Why do newborns spit up? | Philips Avent

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Home ›› Why is my baby spitting up and how can I help him?

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Whether it’s your first or third baby, you’re bound to have questions about feeding. Reflux (spitting up) is a common topic among frequently discussed feeding topics, so you are not alone in finding the answer to the question “Why does my baby spit up so often?”.

So why do babies spit up? And is spitting up normal for babies? You have probably thought about this many times. After reading this article, you will receive important information that will explain the causes of infant spitting up, and you will learn how to act to help the child.

If you have any questions or your child has other symptoms, be sure to contact your doctor.

Why do babies spit up and when is it normal?

Let’s look at why babies spit up and answer the frequently asked question “Why does my baby spit up so much?”. Many newborns spit up after feedings or when burping because their digestive tract is not yet fully developed. However, in some situations, the likelihood of regurgitation in infants increases.

So what causes reflux in babies? The following are some of the main causes of regurgitation in infants: ¹

• The child has moved.
• The child was eating too fast.
• You help your baby spit up air, and with the air, the baby spit up part of the food.
• The child has too much air in the stomach.
• The child has excessive salivation.

So is spitting up normal in infants? In simple words: spitting up after some feeds, or even after each, is absolutely normal for a growing baby. However, there are points that need to be noted in order to distinguish ordinary regurgitation from vomiting. The two processes are very different, so you should check with your doctor if your baby is vomiting heavily after every or most feeds.

Also seek medical attention if your child has the following symptoms that a doctor can help identify: ²

• Child spit up frequently, not gaining enough height or weight e.
• Judging by external signs, he is in pain, cries a lot or arches his back.
• Coughing or difficulty breathing, which may be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
• Regurgitates even if he hasn’t eaten anything.
• There is severe vomiting.
• Fever or diarrhea, which may be a sign of an intestinal infection and lead to dehydration.

If your baby spit up a small amount of milk after a feed and continues to grow and stay healthy, rest assured that this is normal and nothing to worry about. If you have any questions about reflux in infants, check out this article to learn about the symptoms of reflux and how to deal with it!

What to do

Now that you’ve learned that spitting up is normal and what causes it, you’re probably wondering what you can do to help your baby. Once you have consulted with your pediatrician and he has determined that spitting up is not a cause for concern, here are a few suggestions to help you when you are unsure: ¹

1. Regular belching of air.

In addition to burping after feedings, try helping your baby burp when changing breasts. And when feeding from a bottle, try to have the child spit up air every 30-60 ml of the mixture. Consider using an anti-colic bottle with an AirFree valve. The AirFree valve prevents air from entering the nipple even when the bottle is in a horizontal position and the nipple remains completely filled with milk. The use of such a bottle will allow your baby to drink in an upright position, which will reduce the frequency of reflux, improve the digestion process and make the feeding process more comfortable for both you and the baby. Find out more about Philips Avent anti-colic bottles with AirFree valve here.

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2.

Keep your baby upright after feeding.

As mentioned above, air belching is one of the causes of regurgitation in infants. When the baby is sitting in a highchair, he may spit up even more because this position puts pressure on the tummy. So, instead of sitting up, try to keep your baby upright in your arms after feedings and while burping.

3. Avoid vigorous movement after feeding.

To avoid regurgitation after a feed, it is best to refrain from any bouncing, swaying or active play until the milk has been digested better.

4. Keep your baby’s head up while feeding.

When you’re trying to find the right feeding position that’s comfortable for both your baby and you, try to avoid a position where your baby’s head is down. In other words, it is necessary to ensure that in the process of feeding the head of the child is above the level of his legs.

5. Raise the mattress at the head of the bed

It is a good idea to roll up some towels or blankets and place them under the mattress (but not on top of the mattress) in the crib. Make sure that only the headboard is raised and that there are no creases in the middle of the mattress. There should be a very slight slope from which the baby will not slip.

It’s a natural process

If you ever ask yourself the question “Why does my baby spit up?” just remember that spitting up is a completely natural, sometimes troublesome process that is part of parenthood. There are various reasons for spitting up in babies, but if your baby looks calm after a feed and is actively developing, you have nothing to worry about. In truth, spitting up is more of a problem for the parents than for the child himself, who may not even notice it.

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Designed to reduce colic, gas and regurgitation ¹

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If you see any other symptoms or feel that the baby is not getting enough milk, do not postpone the visit to the doctor.