What are the common causes of vaginal itching. How can you find relief from an itchy vagina at home. When should you consult a doctor for vaginal discomfort.

Common Causes of Vaginal Itching

Vaginal itching is a widespread concern that can stem from various factors. While it’s often not a serious issue, understanding the underlying causes is crucial for effective treatment and relief. Here are some of the most common reasons for an itchy vagina:

Chemical Irritants and Contact Dermatitis

Many everyday products contain chemicals that can irritate the delicate skin of the vulva and vagina. These irritants may trigger an allergic reaction known as contact dermatitis, leading to itching, redness, and discomfort. Common culprits include:

• Soaps and shower gels
• Feminine hygiene sprays
• Douches
• Topical contraceptives
• Scented toilet paper
• Detergents and fabric softeners

Does urine cause vaginal itching? In cases of incontinence, prolonged exposure to urine can indeed cause irritation and itching in the genital area.

Yeast Infections

Yeast infections are a common cause of vaginal itching. They occur when there’s an overgrowth of Candida, a naturally occurring fungus in the vagina. Symptoms often include:

• Intense itching
• Burning sensation
• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge
• Redness and swelling of the vulva

Can antibiotics cause yeast infections? Yes, antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the vagina, potentially leading to yeast overgrowth.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis is another common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the vaginal flora. While it doesn’t always cause symptoms, when it does, they may include:

• Vaginal itching
• Thin, grayish-white discharge
• Fishy odor, especially after sexual intercourse

Is bacterial vaginosis an STI? While BV isn’t classified as a sexually transmitted infection, sexual activity can increase the risk of developing it.

Skin Conditions Affecting the Genital Area

Certain skin conditions can extend to the genital region, causing itching and discomfort. Two common culprits are:

Eczema

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, can affect the vulvar area. It typically presents as:

• Red, itchy rash
• Dry, scaly skin
• Possible oozing or crusting

Psoriasis

While psoriasis commonly affects the scalp and joints, it can also occur on the vulva. Symptoms may include:

• Red, scaly patches
• Intense itching
• Possible cracking or bleeding of the skin

Can stress exacerbate skin conditions in the genital area? Yes, stress can trigger or worsen symptoms of both eczema and psoriasis, including in the genital region.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Vaginal Itching

Several STIs can cause vaginal itching along with other symptoms. These include:

• Chlamydia
• Genital warts
• Gonorrhea
• Genital herpes
• Trichomoniasis

In addition to itching, these infections may cause symptoms such as:

• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Pain or burning during urination
• Genital sores or blisters
• Pelvic pain

Are all STIs that cause vaginal itching transmitted through sexual contact? While most are, pubic lice (crabs) can also be transmitted through shared bedding or towels.

Hormonal Changes and Vaginal Itching

Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s life can impact vaginal health and lead to itching. Two significant hormonal events that can cause vaginal discomfort are:

Menopause

The decrease in estrogen levels during perimenopause and menopause can lead to:

• Vaginal dryness
• Thinning of vaginal tissues
• Increased sensitivity and itching
• Pain during intercourse

Menstrual Cycle

Some women experience vaginal itching at certain points in their menstrual cycle, often due to hormonal fluctuations. This can be particularly noticeable:

• Before menstruation
• During ovulation
• After menstruation

Do all women experience vaginal itching during menopause? While it’s a common symptom, not all women will experience vaginal itching during menopause. The severity and presence of symptoms can vary greatly among individuals.

The Impact of Stress on Vaginal Health

Stress can have a surprising impact on vaginal health, potentially leading to itching and discomfort. This can occur through several mechanisms:

• Weakened immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections
• Hormonal imbalances that affect vaginal pH
• Increased production of stress hormones like cortisol, which may impact vaginal health

Can stress alone cause vaginal itching? While stress itself may not directly cause itching, it can create conditions that make itching more likely or exacerbate existing issues.

Home Remedies for Vaginal Itching

While it’s important to identify and address the underlying cause of vaginal itching, there are several home remedies that may provide relief:

Soothing Baths

A warm bath can help alleviate itching and discomfort. Consider adding one of the following to your bathwater:

• Baking soda (1/4 to 1/2 cup)
• Colloidal oatmeal
• Apple cider vinegar (1-2 cups)

Soak for 10-15 minutes and pat the area dry gently afterward.

Cold Compresses

Applying a cold compress to the vulvar area can help reduce inflammation and provide immediate relief from itching. Wrap an ice pack in a soft cloth and apply for 5-10 minutes at a time.

Proper Hygiene Practices

Maintaining good hygiene can help prevent and alleviate vaginal itching:

• Use unscented, gentle soaps
• Avoid douching
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Change out of wet or sweaty clothes promptly
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet

Natural Remedies

Some natural remedies may help soothe vaginal itching:

• Coconut oil: Has antifungal properties and can moisturize the skin
• Tea tree oil: Dilute with a carrier oil before applying, as it has antifungal and antibacterial properties
• Probiotic supplements: May help maintain a healthy vaginal pH

Are natural remedies always safe for vaginal use? While many natural remedies can be helpful, it’s important to use caution and consult with a healthcare provider before trying new treatments, especially if you’re pregnant or have sensitive skin.

When to See a Doctor for Vaginal Itching

While occasional mild itching can often be managed at home, there are times when it’s important to seek medical attention. Consider consulting a healthcare provider if:

• Itching persists for more than a week
• You experience severe discomfort or pain
• There’s unusual vaginal discharge, especially if it’s foul-smelling
• You notice any sores, blisters, or warts in the genital area
• You have fever or chills along with vaginal symptoms
• You’ve had unprotected sex with a new partner
• Over-the-counter treatments haven’t provided relief

Should you see a doctor for recurrent yeast infections? If you experience frequent yeast infections (four or more in a year), it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions and discuss prevention strategies.

Preventing Vaginal Itching

While not all causes of vaginal itching can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

Lifestyle Changes

• Avoid tight-fitting clothing and synthetic materials
• Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Use unscented, hypoallergenic products for laundry and personal care
• Maintain a healthy diet rich in probiotics
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or exercise

Sexual Health Practices

• Practice safe sex by using condoms
• Urinate after sexual intercourse to help flush out bacteria
• Avoid sharing towels or underwear
• Get regular STI screenings if you’re sexually active

Hormonal Health

• Discuss hormonal birth control options with your healthcare provider
• Consider hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms
• Track your menstrual cycle to anticipate hormone-related changes

Can diet affect vaginal health and itching? Yes, maintaining a balanced diet with probiotics and avoiding excessive sugar intake can help maintain a healthy vaginal pH and reduce the risk of infections that cause itching.

Understanding the various causes of vaginal itching and knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. While many cases of itching can be managed with home remedies and lifestyle changes, persistent or severe symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional. By staying informed and proactive about vaginal health, you can effectively manage and prevent many causes of vaginal discomfort.

Causes, Home Remedies, When to See Doctor

There are many possible causes for an itchy vagina, including skin irritants, yeast infection, or even stress. Discovering why your vagina is itchy is the first step to relief.

You know what’s worse than an itchy vagina? Not knowing what’s causing it.

That’s not to say that vaginal itching isn’t something to have concerns about it, because it can occasionally be a sign of serious issues like sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and even (rarely) vulvar cancer. But the reality is that vaginal itching is pretty common and usually caused by less serious things like irritating substances or hormonal changes.

Before getting into what can cause an itchy vagina, it’s worth going over some terminology.

A lot of people say vagina when they really mean vulva. Your vagina is actually just one part of your vulva — specifically the inside part. The vulva is the part of your genitals that’s on the outside of your body, like your labia, clitoris, urethra, and vaginal opening.

In this article, we’re talking about itching that affects either the vagina, vulva, or both.

Let’s dive into the many possible causes of an itchy vagina or vulva and how to get relief.

Irritants

Chemical irritants, like those found in everyday products that come in contact with the vagina and vulva, can trigger an allergic reaction, known as contact dermatitis. We’re talking alcohol, dyes, fragrances, etc.

If an irritant is to blame, your vulva and vagina might be itchy, red, and sore.

Products that often contain such irritants include:

• soaps, shower gels, and bubble baths
• feminine sprays
• douches
• topical contraceptives, like spermicide and Phexxi
• creams, lotions, and ointments
• detergents
• fabric softeners
• scented toilet paper
• scented pads and liners

If you experience incontinence, urine can also cause itching and irritation.

Skin conditions

Some skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, can cause redness and itching in the genital region.

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a rash that primarily occurs in people with asthma or allergies. The rash is reddish and itchy with a scaly texture. It may spread to the vulva in some people with eczema.

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that causes scaly, itchy, red patches to form along the scalp and joints. At times, outbreaks of these symptoms can occur on the vulva as well.

Yeast infection

Yeast is a naturally occurring fungus that’s normally present in the vagina. It usually doesn’t cause problems, but when its growth goes unchecked, an uncomfortable infection — aka, vaginal yeast infection — can result.

The overgrowth of yeast in the vagina can result in uncomfortable symptoms, including itching, burning, and thick, whitish discharge that may or may not smell, well, yeasty, like a fresh sourdough loaf.

If you’ve recently taken antibiotics, they may be to blame, as these can destroy good bacteria along with the bad. (FYI, good bacteria is what keeps yeast in check. )

Pregnancy, stress, uncontrolled diabetes, and a hormonal imbalance before your period can also cause yeast infections.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another potential reason for vaginal itching.

Like a vaginal yeast infection, BV is triggered by an imbalance between naturally occurring good and bad bacteria in the vagina.

The condition doesn’t always cause symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they typically include vaginal itching and an abnormal, fishy-smelling discharge. The discharge may be thin and dull gray or white. It can also be foamy.

STIs

There are a few STIs that can cause vaginal itching, including:

• chlamydia
• genital warts
• gonorrhea
• genital herpes
• trichomoniasis

These STIs can also cause other symptoms, including unusual vaginal discharge, painful urination, and genital sores.

While not exclusively sexually transmitted, we need to mention pubic lice (also known as crabs). These pesky little insects are typically passed on during intimate contact, but can also be passed through bedding and towels. They cause genital itching that starts five days after infestation and intensifies at night. You might also notice pale bluish dots near the bites and develop a fever.

Menopause

The drop in estrogen that happens during perimenopause and menopause increases the risk of vaginal itching.

That’s because less estrogen causes the tissues of the vulva and vagina to become thinner, drier, and less elastic. Vaginal dryness can result in itching and irritation. You might also find sex painful and bleed after sex.

Stress

Physical and emotional stress can cause vaginal itching and irritation.

It might occur when stress weakens your immune system, leaving you more prone to the infections that cause itching. The increase in the stress hormone cortisol that occurs when you’re under stress has also been shown in animal studies to affect vaginal health and increase the risk for vaginal infections.

Vulvar cancer

Vaginal itching may be a symptom of vulvar cancer. Know that vulvar cancer is rare and vaginal itching is a lot more likely to be caused by something else.

Vulvar cancer can cause vaginal itching that doesn’t go away or get better. It can also cause skin changes on areas of the vulva, like discoloration or thickening of the skin. Bleeding or discharge unrelated to your period and lumps are other possible symptoms. In some people, vulvar cancer doesn’t cause any symptoms.

Yearly gynecological exams can improve the chances of early detection and a better outcome.

It’s important to see a healthcare professional for vaginal itching if the itching is severe enough to disrupt your daily life or sleep. Although most causes aren’t serious, a healthcare professional can help find and treat the root of your itch and offer advice — or a prescription — to help you find relief.

You should also contact a healthcare professional if your vaginal itching persists for more than a week or if your itching is accompanied by other symptoms, such as:

• ulcers or blisters on the vulva
• pain or tenderness in the genital area
• genital redness or swelling
• trouble urinating
• an unusual vaginal discharge
• discomfort during sexual intercourse

If you don’t already have an OB-GYN, you can browse doctors in your area through the Healthline FindCare tool.

Your care team will ask you about your symptoms, including how severe they are and how long they have lasted. They may ask you about your sexual activities as well.

And just a heads up: a pelvic exam will likely be required.

During a pelvic examination, a healthcare professional will visually inspect your vulva and may use a speculum to see inside your vagina. They may press down on your abdomen while inserting a gloved finger into your vagina. This allows them to check the reproductive organs for any abnormalities.

They may also collect a sample of skin tissue from your vulva or a sample of your discharge for analysis. Depending on your symptoms, they may also perform blood or urine tests.

Once your healthcare professional finds the underlying cause of your vaginal itching, they’ll recommend treatment options. The specific course of treatment required depends on the particular condition that’s causing the problem.

Vaginal yeast infections

Vaginal yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications. These come in various forms, including creams, ointments, or pills. They’re available by prescription or over-the-counter (OTC).

If you’ve never been diagnosed with a yeast infection, make sure to speak with a healthcare professional before using an OTC treatment.

BV

BV is usually treated with antibiotics. These may be pills you take orally or creams you insert into your vagina. Regardless of the type you’re given, be sure to finish the entire course of antibiotics even if your symptoms improve.

STIs

Depending on the STI, STIs can be treated with antibiotics, antivirals, or antiparasitics.

Along with taking medication as prescribed, your healthcare professional may also recommend avoiding sex until the infection clears.

Menopause

Menopause-related itching may be treated with estrogen cream, tablets, or a vaginal ring insert.

Other causes

Other types of vaginal itching and irritation often clear on their own.

In the meantime, you can apply steroid creams or lotions to reduce inflammation and ease discomfort.

To avoid making things worse, use steroid creams exactly as directed and discontinue use and see a healthcare professional if your symptoms worsen.

Here are some things you can do to help prevent vaginal itching and maintain good vaginal health:

• Use warm water and a gentle cleanser to wash your genital area.
• Avoid scented soaps, lotions, and bubble baths.
• Avoid using vaginal sprays and douches — your natural smell is just fine!
• Change out of wet or damp clothing right after swimming or exercising.
• Wear cotton underwear and change your underwear daily.
• Use barrier methods when having sex.
• Get tested for STIs and encourage your partners to do the same.
• Always wipe front to back to keep bacteria from feces away from the vulva and vagina.

Vaginal itching is uncomfortable but isn’t usually serious. Most of the time, an itchy vagina or vulva will improve on its own with lifestyle tweaks like avoiding irritants below the belt. If you’re concerned, don’t hesitate to connect with a healthcare professional for advice.

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Types, Causes, Treatment, & More

Urinary incontinence can be caused by weakened bladder muscles, damage to the pelvic floor, enlarged prostate, menopause, or bladder cancer. Some medications or neurological conditions can also cause urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence happens when you lose control of your bladder. In some cases, you may empty your bladder’s contents completely. In other cases, you may experience only minor leakage. The condition may be temporary or chronic, depending on its cause.

According to the Urology Care Foundation, millions of adults in the United States experience urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence affects women more often than men in a 2-to-1 ratio. However, this condition can affect anyone and has many different causes.

As you age, the muscles supporting your bladder tend to weaken, which can lead to urinary incontinence.

Many different health problems can also cause the condition. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can be a sign of cancer, kidney stones, infection, or an enlarged prostate, among other causes.

If you experience urinary incontinence, make an appointment with a healthcare professional. Urinary incontinence can interfere with your daily life and lead to potential accidents. A healthcare professional can also determine if a more serious medical condition may be the cause. They may also be able to treat the cause.

Urinary incontinence is divided into three general types. You can potentially experience more than one type at the same time.

Stress incontinence

Stress incontinence is triggered by certain types of physical activity.

For example, you might lose control of your bladder when you’re:

• exercising
• coughing
• sneezing
• laughing

Such activities put stress on the sphincter muscle that holds urine in your bladder. The added stress can cause the muscle to release urine.

Urge incontinence

Urge incontinence occurs when you lose control of your bladder after experiencing a sudden and strong urge to urinate. Once that urge hits, you may not be able to make it to the bathroom in time.

Overflow incontinence

Overflow incontinence can occur if you don’t completely empty your bladder when you urinate. Later, some of the remaining urine may leak from your bladder. This type of incontinence is sometimes called “dribbling.”

Functional incontinence

Unlike other types of incontinence, functional incontinence is caused by physical or mental barriers that may prevent someone from making it to the bathroom in time. This can be due to cognitive issues, such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, muscular issues like arthritis, or neurological issues like stroke or spinal cord damage.

There are many potential causes and risk factors for urinary incontinence.

Some risk factors can include:

• having weakened bladder muscles, which can result from aging
• having physical damage to your pelvic floor muscles, such as from childbirth
• having an enlarged prostate
• having prostate or bladder cancer, which can put pressure on your bladder
• having a neurological condition such as dementia, Alzheimer’s, or a physical condition that may prevent you from making it to the bathroom on time
• having an infection, such as a urinary tract infection, bladder infection, kidney infection, or kidney stone
• being pregnant
• being overweight
• having diabetes
• going through menopause

Some of the conditions that cause urinary incontinence are easily treatable and only cause temporary urinary problems. Others are more serious and persistent.

Common causes of urinary incontinence may include:

Aging

As you get older, the muscles supporting your bladder typically become weaker, which raises your risk for incontinence.

To maintain strong muscles and a healthy bladder, it’s important to stay as active as you can, eat a diet rich in nutrients, and maintain a healthy weight. This may improve your chances of avoiding incontinence as you age.

Damage

Your pelvic floor muscles support your bladder. Damage to these muscles can cause incontinence. It can be caused by certain types of surgery, such as a hysterectomy. It’s also a common result of pregnancy and childbirth.

Enlarged prostate

In men, the prostate gland surrounds the neck of the bladder. This gland releases fluid that protects and nourishes your sperm. It tends to enlarge with age. It’s common for males to experience some incontinence as a result.

Cancer

Prostate or bladder cancer can cause incontinence. In some cases, treatments for cancer can also make it harder for you to control your bladder. Even benign tumors can cause incontinence by blocking your flow of urine.

Other potential causes

Other potential causes of incontinence may include:

• constipation
• urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• kidney or bladder stones
• prostatitis, or inflammation of your prostate
• interstitial cystitis, or a chronic condition that causes inflammation within your bladder
• side effects from certain medications, such as blood pressure drugs, muscle relaxants, sedatives, and some heart medications

Some lifestyle factors can also cause temporary bouts of incontinence. For example, drinking too much alcohol, caffeinated beverages, or other fluids can cause you to temporarily lose control of your bladder.

Any instance of incontinence is reason to seek medical help. It may be a symptom of a more serious condition that needs to be treated.

Even if the underlying cause isn’t serious, incontinence can be a major disruption in your life. It’s important to get an accurate diagnosis and discuss treatment options with a healthcare professional.

In some cases, incontinence can be a sign of a medical emergency.

You should seek immediate medical attention if you lose control of your bladder and experience any of the following symptoms:

• trouble speaking or walking
• weakness or tingling in any part of your body
• loss of vision
• confusion
• loss of consciousness
• loss of bowel control

You can connect with a urologist in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool.

Urinary incontinence and treatment for urinary incontinence may result in complications, depending on the cause.

These complications may include:

• Urinary tract infections. UTIs can be caused by wet undergarments against the skin. This may create an environment where bacteria can grow.
• Kidney damage. In some cases where the flow of urine is obstructed, you may experience kidney trouble or kidney failure.
• Cellulitis. This skin infection is caused by bacteria and may cause swelling and pain.
• Medication side effects. Medications used to control urinary incontinence may cause side effects, depending on the medication. Side effects may include dry mouth, nausea, hypertension, or others.
• Catheter side effects. If you have a catheter placed, you may experience side effects such as infection and trauma.
• Mental health side effects. Urinary incontinence may cause feelings of anxiety, depression, or social isolation.

During your appointment, your healthcare professional will likely ask questions about your symptoms. They’ll probably want to know how long you’ve been incontinent, which types of incontinence you’ve experienced, and other details.

They may also ask about your daily habits, including your typical diet and any medications or supplements that you take.

Depending on your symptoms and medical history, they may also order additional tests, including:

• Collecting a sample of urine for analysis. Laboratory staff can check the urine sample for signs of infection or other problems.
• Measuring the amount of urine that you release when urinating, the amount left over in your bladder, and the pressure in your bladder. This information is gathered by inserting a catheter, or a small tube, into your urethra and your bladder.
• Conducting a cystoscopy. During this test, they’ll insert a small camera into your bladder to examine it up close.

Your healthcare professional’s recommended treatment plan will depend on the cause of your incontinence. An underlying medical condition may require medication, surgery, or other treatments.

In certain situations, they may not be able to cure your bladder incontinence. In these cases, they will likely provide steps you can take to manage your condition.

Treatment options for urinary incontinence may include:

• Bladder training. You may be encouraged to do certain exercises, such as pelvic floor exercises or bladder training, which can help to increase your bladder control.
• Behavior therapy. Managing your fluid intake, adjusting your diet, or using the bathroom at scheduled times before you feel the urge to go may help manage bladder incontinence, depending on the cause.
• Condition management. If your urinary incontinence is caused by another condition, such as constipation or a UTI, treating that condition may help your urinary incontinence as well.
• Medication. Sometimes, medication may help, depending on the cause of your bladder incontinence. Antimuscarinics are a class of drugs used to treat an overactive bladder.
• Catheter placement. If your urinary incontinence is persistent and significantly affecting your quality of life, a doctor may suggest an internal or external catheter to help manage overflow incontinence, or in some cases, functional incontinence.
• Weight loss. A doctor may suggest weight loss to help manage your symptoms because it can relieve pressure on your bladder.
• Absorbent undergarments. Using pads or absorbent undergarments, from disposable panties to washable and reusable ones, may help contain smaller leaks.
• Reducing bathroom barriers. If you’re having trouble navigating to the bathroom, especially at night, consider maintaining a clear and well-lit path to help you get there as quickly as possible.

You can’t prevent all cases of urinary incontinence, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing it.

For example, try to:

• maintain your healthy weight
• get plenty of exercise
• eat a balanced diet
• limit caffeine and alcohol consumption
• avoid smoking, if you smoke
• seek prompt treatment for urinary tract or bladder infections

Urinary incontinence or bladder incontinence occurs when you lose control of your bladder. This may mean a minor leak or emptying your bladder or somewhere in between.

This can be a temporary issue, such as one caused by an infection, or a more persistent one that may be caused by another health condition, such as an enlarged prostate or pelvic floor weakness.

A doctor may be able to help treat your urinary incontinence by resolving the health issue that’s causing it. Or, they may be able to help you manage the condition through behavioral therapy, bladder training, medication, or other treatments.

Even if the cause is not serious, urinary incontinence can affect your quality of life. It is important to talk with a doctor to discover the cause and find a treatment option that works for you.

Itching, its causes and methods of treatment

Itching often becomes one of the main symptoms of many diseases – sometimes ordinary dry skin, or a symptom of severe oncological diseases, often causing insomnia and psycho-emotional discomfort of a person.

Many patients evaluate the severity of their disease by the intensity of itching, and not by the severity of skin manifestations.

Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of pruritus remain largely unclear. Previously, itching was considered as a special form of pain, but at present, most scientists are of the opinion that itching is an independent sensation. This is supported, for example, by the fact that itching can be caused only in the superficial layers of the skin, corneal mucosa and mucous membranes bordering the skin, while pain occurs in various organs and parts of the body. In addition, you can cause any degree of itching without pain and vice versa.

Types of itching

Based on modern ideas about the mechanisms of the occurrence of itching, 4 types of itching are distinguished:

• Pruritoceptive pruritus occurs when the skin becomes inflamed, damaged, or dry (itching from scabies, urticaria, insect bites).

• Neuropathic pruritus occurs with damage to the nervous system and is often associated with sensory disorders (eg, brain tumors).

• Neurogenic is pruritus that occurs without signs of damage to the structures of the nervous system (for example, pruritus with bile stasis).

• A special form is psychogenic itching – severe, prolonged, not accompanied by any skin diseases. The basis of this state is, as a rule, a depressed emotional state.

It should be noted that the nature of itching in different diseases is different. So, for example, with atopic dermatitis, numerous scratching is formed, and with urticaria, on the contrary, despite intense itching, scratching is usually not observed. Itching with scabies tends to get worse in the evening and at night. Herpes patients describe their itching as a burning sensation, and aquatic itching (on contact with water) is characterized by a tingling sensation.

Treatments for pruritus

General recommendations for patients with pruritus include a diet free from spicy, salty foods, coffee and alcohol, avoidance of overheating and contact with hot water, irritating tissues and chemicals (washing powders, cleaning products, etc.) , as well as alkaline soaps that increase dryness of the skin. Regularly (up to several times a day) it is recommended to apply moisturizers (based on petroleum jelly or glycerin) and coolants (for example, menthol cream) to itchy areas. In inflammatory processes of the skin, local steroids are used, as well as the latest non-hormonal agents – calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus), which have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effect and, unlike hormonal agents, do not cause such undesirable side effects as, for example, atrophy ( thinning) of the skin.

However, the success of itch therapy largely depends on the ability to eliminate the conditions that caused it. Specialists of the Department of Dermatovenereology of EMC pay special attention to this problem. During the treatment, the patient is offered a detailed examination according to the protocol of the AWMF-Leitlinie (Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany e.V.). The experience of highly qualified doctors helps to identify the causes of itching, which, combined with a comprehensive, individually selected treatment, allows you to achieve maximum results in therapy; an important factor is also the use of a wide range of possibilities and methods of examination – both laboratory and instrumental.

In case of intense itching, specialists prescribe oral antihistamines. They reduce the increase in capillary permeability caused by histamine, tissue swelling and itching. The most modern drugs – II and III generations – have a long-term effect and almost do not cause side effects from the nervous system (lethargy, drowsiness, etc.).

Antihistamines are most effective for urticaria, atopic dermatitis, but they can also be used for itching of other origins. In severe cases that cannot be treated with antihistamines, drugs are used to reduce nervous excitability – antidepressants, neuroleptics, etc.

In recent years, a large number of reports have appeared in foreign literature about the successful use of anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin) in chronic itching. The most effective use of this group of drugs for brachioradial, senile (senile) and neuropathic itching.

For cholestatic pruritus resulting from bile stasis, cholestyramine is used, the action of which is to absorb bile acids. By reducing the content of bile acids in the serum, their deposition in the skin decreases, which leads to a decrease in skin itching.

In the complex treatment of itching, physiotherapeutic methods are also used as effective methods – phototherapy, acupuncture, etc. , fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps, or very bright lamps that emit the full spectrum of daylight. The exposure time is determined by the doctor on an individual basis, and in some cases at a strictly defined time of day. Phototherapy has proven clinical efficacy in the treatment of pruritus.

With the help of acupuncture (acupuncture, acupuncture), biologically active points of the body (acupuncture points) are affected by special needles. Through the acupuncture points of the skin zone, it is possible to selectively influence individual functions of the human body, in addition, acupuncture has a general healing effect on the entire body.

Itching and burning in the vagina: causes, symptoms, treatment

Itching in the vagina can occur in any woman due to a number of diseases of varying severity or simply insufficient attention to hygiene in the intimate area. Clinically, this deviation is manifested by inflammation of the vagina and vulva, and often by concomitant secretions.

Why does itching appear in the intimate area?

Let’s take a closer look at the factors that cause this symptom, because it is the identification of the root cause that determines the correct diagnosis and the appointment of effective therapy.

Non-medical factors

Itching in the perineum may be due to:

• mechanical trauma from shaving or intense intercourse;
• the use of synthetic underwear that violates the natural moisture and heat exchange, rubs and irritates the skin;
• lack of proper hygienic care of the perineum at least once a day;
• ovulation, during which an abundance of secretions from the genitals often leads to discomfort, which normally disappears after 2-3 days.

Non-medical factors can be easily eliminated on your own, without seeking help from a doctor.

Inflammations and infections

Possible causes of burning and tingling in the perineum:

• a disease called kraurosis, affecting women of reproductive age, caused by degeneration of mucous tissues – in the absence of proper treatment, the genitals are deformed;
• vulvar leukoplakia – symptoms are similar to the previously described disease, but are characterized by pathological proliferation of epithelial tissues;
• vulvovaginal candidiasis, also called thrush, caused by a violation of the vaginal microflora and characterized, in addition to itching, pain in the lower abdomen and cheesy discharge – drugs that suppress the fungus minimize the severity of symptoms, but 3 or more times a year the disease returns is an indication for a semi-annual special therapy;
• eczema characterized by redness and painful sores in the intimate area;
• fungal infection with rash, swelling and pain in the perineum;
• infectious inflammation of the Bartholin’s gland in the vagina, the large gland of the vestibule – uncomfortable sensations are aggravated by tight underwear and after sexual intercourse;
• inflammation of the urethra or bladder mucosa, also characterized by painful urination and sharp pain in the lower abdomen.

Burning and tingling in the groin can be caused by STDs, of which the following are particularly common:

1. Trichomoniasis, caused by an aggressive tissue-destroying bacterium, acquired from an infected sexual partner through unprotected sex or through neglect of hygiene procedures. It is characterized by itching, painful urination, foul-smelling discharge. Trichomoniasis can lead to menstrual irregularities and other complications that affect a woman’s reproductive function.
2. Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type I and II, often occurring for the time being without any symptoms, and therefore can actively spread. It is acquired through contact with infected people at home or during unprotected sex, as well as during spontaneous immunization of the body.
3. Papillomavirus infection due to weakened immune system or certain medications. This infection has about a hundred varieties, in the first stages it develops most often without symptoms and can only be detected by a PCR test. Developing, the virus is expressed in the appearance of skin neoplasms and damage to the mucous tissues of the perineum.

Pathologies manifesting as a woman grows up

Various hormonal changes can be accompanied by thinning of the mucous tissues, dryness in the perineum. Against the background of these deviations from the norm, other diseases of the female organs develop.

Risks for the pregnant woman

Groin discomfort during pregnancy is often due to hormonal changes. Possible exacerbation of vulvovaginal candidiasis, which also causes discomfort.

Risks for allergy sufferers

Discomfort in the genital area, swelling, redness and rash are often caused by an individual allergic reaction of the body.

Attention!
For STDs, both partners need to be treated. Doctors usually prescribe antifungal medications and antibiotics.

How does the pathology develop?

Itching in the perineum is caused by inflammation and irritation of the vaginal walls, or rather the reactions of nerve endings to these phenomena.

In addition to physical factors, discomfort can be triggered by problems of the female psycho-emotional state: prolonged psychological stress, neurotic disorder.

Signs

Itching in the intimate area, in addition to an intense restless desire to scratch, is associated with the following manifestations in the female body:

• bloody and bloodless discharge;
• rashes, edema, excessive blood filling of blood vessels in the tissues of the intimate zone;
• occurrence of bad smell;
• pain in lower abdomen;
• drying of the mucous tissues of the vagina;
• feeling of a foreign object in the perineum.

Itching may worsen and worsen. Sometimes the pathology does not bother during the day, but manifests itself in the evening before going to bed.

Unpleasant symptoms are aggravated by the systematic wearing of tight, synthetic clothing and panty liners.

Attention!
At the first sign of itching in the perineum, go for an examination by a gynecologist, as well as additional examinations, if prescribed by a general practitioner. Proper diagnosis will help reduce unpleasant symptoms and deal with the root cause in the future.

How is a pathology diagnosed?

A gynecologist during the first appointment determines the main and concomitant symptoms, signs of diseases of the endocrine system.

To find the root cause of itching in the groin and prescribe the correct course of therapy, the specialist prescribes the following examinations:

1. Extended or conventional colposcopy. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. Additionally, examinations with a hysteroscope and a laparoscope are sometimes prescribed.
2. Taking a swab to assess the microflora of the vagina and the presence of pathogens in it.
3. Microbiological analysis aimed at determining the microbe that provoked inflammation and determining its resistance to drugs.
4. Serological testing aimed at detecting STDs and identifying the pathogen with high accuracy.
5. Other laboratory tests: urine, estrogen, blood, depending on the patient’s history.

How is itching in the perineum treated?

Conservative methods:

1. Group B antimicrobials, antibiotics, drugs for fungi and protozoal infections are prescribed to reduce disturbing symptoms. Other types of STDs cause the simultaneous use of two or more drugs.
2. Estrogen replacement therapy prescribed for colpitis and other pathologies characterized by a deficiency of female hormones. The preparations are released in the form of suppositories, tablets and ointments.
3. Therapeutic methods to combat inflammation and tissue atrophy: douching, special creams, suppositories. The number and regularity of application varies depending on the overall clinical picture.
4. Restoration of the vaginal microflora through local exposure to lactic acid bacteria that counteract the development of pathogens. It is indicated for vaginosis, atrophy of the mucous membranes of the vagina and after a course of taking antifungal agents.
5. Taking antidepressants in cases where vaginal itching is due to the woman’s psycho-emotional depression.
6. A hygienic preparation in the form of a cream helps relieve itching for pregnant patients and allergy sufferers.

Surgery

The operation is performed only if the pathology is severe. Growths on the skin and mucous membranes are removed by minimally invasive, bloodless methods of laser treatment and cryodestruction.

Attention!
Correctly prescribe therapy can only be a specialist in the field of gynecology. Without direct instructions from a doctor, one or another treatment should not be used in order to avoid a deterioration in health.

How to prevent the development of itching in the intimate area?

The risk of inflammation and irritation is significantly reduced in women with the following healthy habits:

1. Pay due attention to hygiene in the intimate area: wash the genitals daily with clean warm water, use a special cleanser in the form of a gel 2-3 times a week .
2. Do not wear tight synthetic underwear for a long time, give preference to natural materials and loose fit.