Side Effects of Singulair & How It Treats Asthma

Singulair, also known as montelukast, is a prescription medication used to prevent symptoms of asthma, such as difficulty breathing, chest tightness, wheezing and coughing. It’s also used to prevent asthma symptoms during exercise and to relieve hay fever (allergies).

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., markets Singulair in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration originally approved the drug in 1998. It’s sold under its brand name and in generic form.

“While Singulair is not a steroid and is not typically considered an immunosuppressant, it nevertheless does interfere with immune pathways by limiting the production of leukotrienes, chemicals in the body that are part of the ‘inflammatory cascade,’” Dr. Caleb Alexander, a professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and co-director of the Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, told Drugwatch.

The body releases leukotrienes after coming in contact with an allergen. The chemicals cause tightening of the airway muscles and produce fluid and mucus. Singulair blocks these chemicals to help control asthma and allergy symptoms.

Singulair isn’t for sudden asthma attacks. Patients should follow instructions from their health care provider for treating asthma attacks, such as using an inhaler.

How to Take Singulair

Singulair is available in 10 mg tablets, 5 mg and 4 mg chewable tablets and 4 mg oral granules. This medicine can be used in people 12 months or older for asthma, and the dosage varies by age.

The FDA also approved it to treat exercise-induced asthma in people 6 years and older and allergic rhinitis in people 2 years and older, also called hay fever.

People can take this medication with or without food. If you miss a dose, don’t take two doses at the same time — wait until your next scheduled dose.

Asthma

The recommended dose varies by age from 4 mg to 10 mg depending on age and may include tablets, chewable tablets and granules.

The drug’s label recommends taking the drug at night because the drug wasn’t tested in the morning during clinical trials, but the medication guide instructs people to take their medicine as prescribed by their medical providers.

“Sometimes we dose Singulair at night because many people have worse asthma symptoms at night than during the day,” Alexander said. “However, many people take Singulair during the morning rather than evening, and what works for one person may not work for another. In other words, there is no one-size-fits-all approach, and it’s more important to take it regularly than it is to take it at a certain hour of the day.”

Preventing Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

In addition to treating asthma, Singulair can help people with breathing problems brought on by exercise. People should take the drug at least two hours before exercise, according to the drug’s label.

People 15 years of age and older take one 10 mg tablet. Children six to 14 years of age take one 5 mg chewable tablet.

Don’t take another dose within 24 hours of the previous dose. If you are already taking Singulair for asthma, don’t take an additional dose before exercise.

Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

People treating allergies should take Singulair once daily in the morning or evening. In clinical trials, the drug worked just as well regardless of the time of day or if taken with or without food.

The drug can also be taken as needed for perennial allergies as recommended by a medical provider.

Recommended doses:

• Adults and adolescents 15 years of age and older, one 10-mg tablet
• 
  Children six to 14 years of age, one 5-mg chewable tablet
• 
  Children two to five years of age, one 4-mg chewable tablet or one packet of 4-mg oral granules

Side Effects

Most side effects associated with Singulair are mild. In general, the medication is well tolerated in people taking it for asthma or allergies, according to Alexander.

“Of course, all medicines have risks, and most medicines have rare but serious risks. In the case of Singulair, the most common adverse effects include upper respiratory infections, fevers, headaches and sore throat,” he said. “Of course, it is often difficult to know for sure whether these types of symptoms represent an adverse drug reaction or some other process.”

Singulair was tested in 2,950 adult and adolescent patients, and 1,955 people received the drug. In 2022 clinical trials, the most common side effects occurred in 5% or more of people who took Singulair.

Side effects with an incidence of 5% or more and greater than placebo in clinical trials include:

• Upper respiratory infection
• 
  Fever
• 
  Headache
• 
  Pharyngitis (sore throat)
• 
  Cough
• 
  Abdominal pain
• 
  Diarrhea
• 
  Otitis media (ear inflammation or infection)
• 
  Influenza (flu)
• 
  Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
• 
  Sinusitis (sinus infection)

Other minor, less common side effects include body pain, fatigue, fever, indigestion, dizziness, rash and abnormal liver enzymes.

If you experience side effects, please inform your medical provider.

Drug Interactions

Singulair may interact with other substances. Make sure to tell your medical provider about all medications, supplements, herbs or vitamins you are taking.

The prescription information doesn’t list any specific drug interactions, but it recommends that people with aspirin sensitivity avoid aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking Singulair.

LAWSUIT INFORMATION

People who were diagnosed with a mental health disorder after taking Singulair are filing lawsuits against the drug’s manufacturer.

View Lawsuits

Black Box Warning for Serious Neuropsychiatric Events

In March 2020, the FDA required Merck to place a black box warning — the agency’s most prominent warning — on Singulair drug labels warning about the risk of serious mental health problems, also called neuropsychiatric events. These include: agitation, aggression, depression, sleep disturbances, suicidal thoughts and behavior (including suicide).

“We recognize that millions of Americans suffer from asthma or allergies and rely on medication to treat these conditions. The incidence of neuropsychiatric events associated with montelukast is unknown, but some reports are serious, and many patients and health care professionals are not fully aware of these risks,” Dr. Sally Seymour, director of the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Rheumatology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in a statement.

The benefits of Singulair might not outweigh the risks in some people with allergic rhinitis. The FDA recommends the drug only be used in people who don’t respond to or cannot use other allergy treatments. Talk about the risks and benefits of this medication with your medical provider.

Mental health symptoms may occur in people with or without a history of mental health issues, according to the drug’s medication guide. Notify your medical provider right away if you experience changes in thoughts or behavior.

Unusual thinking or behavior may include:

• Agitation, including aggressive behavior or hostility
• 
  Attention problems
• 
  Bad or vivid dreams
• 
  Depression
• 
  Disorientation (confusion)
• 
  Feeling anxious
• 
  Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not really there)
• 
  Irritability
• 
  Memory problems
• 
  Obsessive-compulsive symptoms
• 
  Restlessness
• 
  Sleep walking
• 
  Stuttering
• 
  Suicidal thoughts and actions (including suicide)
• 
  Tremor
• 
  Trouble sleeping
• 
  Uncontrolled muscle movements

Litigation over Side Effects

After the FDA placed the black box warning on the drug, some people filed Singulair lawsuits against Merck claiming the drugmaker failed to warn about the risk of suicidal thoughts and other neuropsychiatric problems.

One plaintiff from Wisconsin filed a lawsuit on behalf or her child in September 2020. According to her complaint, Merck ignored studies that showed Singulair could cause neuropsychiatric events.

After taking Singulair, her child was admitted to a psychiatric center and was diagnosed with “major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, ego-dystonic and intrusive thoughts about homicidal, suicidal, and sexual thoughts, and poor coping.”

“Originally, the Singulair label contained no warnings regarding neuropsychiatric events. Over the past 22 years Defendant has slowly and belatedly added grossly insufficient warnings regarding neuropsychiatric events to the product label,” her lawsuit claimed.

Merck hasn’t issued a statement about the lawsuits.

Singulair Facts

Please seek the advice of a medical professional before making health care decisions.

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Singulair: 7 things you should know

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Medically reviewed by Carmen Fookes, BPharm. Last updated on Aug 29, 2022.

1. How it works

• Singulair is a brand (trade) name for montelukast which may be used for the treatment of asthma or allergic rhinitis.
• Singulair (montelukast) works by inhibiting specific receptors in the airways called leukotriene receptors. These receptors are affected by substances released during inflammation and following exposure to an allergen. By blocking these receptors, montelukast relieves airway edema, relaxes smooth muscle, and dampens down the inflammatory response.
• Singulair belongs to the class of medicines known as oral leukotriene receptor antagonists.

2. Upsides

• Used for the maintenance treatment of asthma in adults and children aged older than 12 months.
• May also be used to treat exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in adults and children aged six years and older. A single dose should be taken at least two hours before exercise.
• May also be given as a preventative for seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in adults and children aged two years of age and older, and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children aged six months and older.
• Available as tablets, chewable tablets, and oral granules. Granules may be dissolved in baby formula or breast milk for administration to children older than 12 months.
• No dosage adjustment is necessary for people with kidney disease or with mild-to-moderate liver disease.
• Taken once a day.
• May be taken with or without food.
• Singulair is available as a generic under the name montelukast.

3. Downsides

If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include:

• A headache, abdominal pain, influenza, dyspepsia, cough, an increased bleeding tendency, a rash, and laboratory test disturbances.
• May cause psychiatric-type effects including agitation, aggressive behavior, anxiety, depression, abnormal dreams, and hallucinations. These have been reported in people of all ages taking Singulair.
• May cause dizziness or drowsiness and affect a person’s ability to drive and operate machinery.
• Not a treatment for an acute asthma attack. Albuterol or another short-acting bronchodilator should be used instead.
• May not be suitable for some people including those with liver disease or a history of reaction to Singulair or other foods or dyes.
• Singulair may interact with some other medications including carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, and paclitaxel.
• Although no association between Singulair use during pregnancy and birth defects has been reported, weigh up the benefits versus risks before using during pregnancy. Singulair has been shown to pass into breastmilk and data available do not suggest any significant risk of adverse effects to the infant.

Note: In general, seniors or children, people with certain medical conditions (such as liver or kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, seizures) or people who take other medications are more at risk of developing a wider range of side effects. View complete list of side effects

• Singulair is used in addition to other treatments for the maintenance treatment of asthma. It does not relieve acute attacks and may cause neuropsychiatric effects in a small number of people.

5. Tips

• May be administered with or without food. Available as tablets, chewable tablets, and oral granules. The granules can be administered directly into the mouth or dissolved in a teaspoonful of breast milk or formula, or soft food such as applesauce, carrots, rice, or ice cream. Once the packet is opened, the contents should be taken within 15 minutes. Discard any unused portion.
• Take once daily in the evening when used as a preventative treatment for asthma. Take Singulair daily as prescribed, even if you have no symptoms of asthma. Do not take another dose of Singulair within 24 hours of a previous dose. Do not increase or decrease the dose of Singulair without your doctor’s permission and continue to take all other asthma medications as prescribed.
• Take at least two hours prior to exercise when given to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. However, if you have already taken a dose of Singulair in the previous 24 hours, do not take another dose.
• When given for allergic rhinitis, only a single dose should be taken daily but it may be dosed morning or evening depending on patient preference.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. But if it is almost time for your next dose, just skip that dose. Do not double up on doses.
• Take exactly as prescribed when given for asthma, even if you are asymptomatic. Continue taking as prescribed even during an acute asthma attack, although Singulair will not treat an acute attack.
• You should talk with your doctor beforehand about what to do if you have an acute asthma attack. This should include taking your short-acting bronchodilator medicine (commonly albuterol) as prescribed. Singulair is not for use during an acute attack. Talk to your doctor if you regularly need to take more of your acute asthma treatment.
• Notify your doctor if you experience any neuropsychiatric effects (such as aggression, anxiety, depression, tics, thoughts of suicide, or hallucinations) while taking Singulair. Also, tell your doctor if you develop any symptoms of an allergic reaction including a rash or breathing problems; or side effects such as an abnormal heartbeat, unusual bruising, yellowing of the skin or eye, trouble sleeping or a tingling or twitching in your fingers and toes.
• Avoid driving or operating machinery if Singulair makes you drowsy or dizzy.
• If you know you are sensitive to aspirin or other NSAIDs, continue to avoid these while taking Singulair.
• Phenylketonurics note: The 4mg and 5mg chewable tablets contain phenylalanine.
• Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding, pregnant, or intending to become pregnant because they will need to discuss the risks versus benefits of using Singulair while pregnant or breastfeeding.

6. Response and effectiveness

• Peak concentrations of Singulair are reached within three to four hours. It may take several weeks before improvements in breathing measurements, such as forced expiratory volume [FEV]) are noted.

7. Interactions

Medicines that interact with Singulair may either decrease its effect, affect how long it works for, increase side effects, or have less of an effect when taken with Singulair. An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications; however, sometimes it does. Speak to your doctor about how drug interactions should be managed.

Common medications that may interact with Singulair include:

• anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, Divalproex, fosphenytoin, or phenytoin
• antifungals, such as fluconazole, miconazole, or voriconazole
• echinacea
• fibrates, such as gemfibrozil
• fluvoxamine
• heart medications, such as amiodarone
• HIV medications, such as efavirenz
• isoniazid
• metronidazole
• nafcillin
• phenobarbital
• rifampin
• St. John’s wort
• sulfamethoxazole
• tamoxifen
• trimethoprim
• zafirlukast.

Note that this list is not all-inclusive and includes only common medications that may interact with Singulair. You should refer to the prescribing information for Singulair for a complete list of interactions.

More about Singulair (montelukast)

• Check interactions
• Compare alternatives
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• Reviews (214)
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• Side effects
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• During pregnancy
• Generic availability
• Support group
• Drug class: leukotriene modifiers
• Breastfeeding
• En español

Patient resources

• Drug Information
• Singulair (Montelukast Chewable Tablets)
• Singulair (Montelukast Oral Granules)
• Singulair (Montelukast Tablets)

Professional resources

• Prescribing Information

Related treatment guides

• Bronchospasm Prophylaxis
• Allergic Rhinitis
• Asthma
• Asthma, Maintenance

References

• Singulair (montelukast) [Package Insert]. Revised 06/2022. Organon LLC https://www.drugs.com/pro/singulair.html

Further information

Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Singulair only for the indication prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Copyright 1996-2023 Drugs.com. Revision date: August 28, 2022.

Medical Disclaimer

Analogues, what helps, side effects

It hurts to breathe, the heart beats fast, panic, sweat comes out … This is how an attack of bronchial asthma develops. Montelar is used to prevent attacks and treat asthma. Consider its effects, side effects and compare with analogues.

All products Montelar

5 reviews

Why is Montelar prescribed?

The drug is indicated for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma. The use of “Montelar” helps to prevent day and night symptoms, as well as bronchial edema caused by physical activity. It is also used to treat and prevent year-round allergic rhinitis. “Montelar” is approved for use in adults and children from 2 years.

You may be interested in: Symptoms of bronchial asthma

Montelar is a hormonal drug

Montelar is not a hormonal drug. According to its mechanism of action, it is a blocker of those reactions that led to bronchospasm.

Does it help with allergies

The drug can be used to relieve the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children over 2 years of age.

Self-administration of Montelar in cases of other types of allergies is prohibited. The medicine should be prescribed strictly under the supervision of a physician.

“Montelar” for children

The drug is prescribed for children from the age of two according to the same indications as for adults. The doctor assesses the condition and the need for taking the drug, as well as its correct dosage.

“Montelar” for adenoids in children

The drug does not have a negative effect on adenoid hypertrophy. In the instructions for the drug, adenoiditis is not indicated either in contraindications or in indications for use.

How to take

Doctor prescribes medication. Its correct dosage for each case is individual. Usually it is taken in the evening, 1 tablet per day, either 1 hour before meals, or 2 hours after. Reception in the evening, just before bedtime, is determined by the prevention of more frequent asthma attacks at night.

Side effects

Like other drugs, Montelar has a number of side effects. Here is a list of the most common ones:

• upper respiratory infections;
• headache, drowsiness;
• abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting;
• rash.

If these and other symptoms occur or if the condition worsens, always consult a doctor. Based on your condition, the doctor will decide whether to discontinue the drug or replace it.

Montelar analogues

Analogues are those drugs whose composition and dosage of the drug are similar. Our drug has enough choice. The difference between them is determined by the manufacturer and the form of release. The drug in question “Montelar” is available in the form of chewable tablets, as well as film-coated tablets, the manufacturer of which is Slovenia. Here are some examples of its counterparts

• “Montelukast” – chewable tablets – CJSC “FBZ”, Russia;
• “Singular” – chewable tablets – Merck Sharp and Dome B.V., the Netherlands;
• “Montelukast” – film-coated tablets – LLC “FT”, Rep. Belarus;
• Montelust – film-coated tablets – JSC “Adamet Pharma”, Poland;
• “Montevell” – chewable tablets – LLC “Velfarm”, Russia.

Which is better “Montelar” or “Montelukast”

If we compare these two drugs, they are approximately the same. Each of them has the same chemical composition, respectively, and their mechanism of action is the same. The indications for use, side effects and therapeutic effects are also similar. Their difference lies in the manufacturer, country of origin and price.

What is better “Montelar” or “Singular”

“Singular” is similar to the drug “Montelar” in its pharmacological properties, composition, dosage and other parameters. The effect of taking these drugs is the same. These drugs have a significant difference in price. This is due to the fact that “Singular” is made in the Netherlands, and “Montelar” is made in Slovenia.

All Montelukast analogues are dispensed in a pharmacy by prescription and are prescribed by the attending physician. About which drug is more suitable for you in terms of action and price category, you should initially discuss with the doctor in order to get the right prescription in your hands.

Montelar is prescribed for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in adults and children from two years of age. It is convenient to take it – 1 time per day before bedtime. The drug has side effects. If they come – consult a doctor. If the medicine is not available, it can be replaced with analogues with the same active ingredient and dosage.

Montelukast drives patients to suicide

Image: Photographee.eu/Adobe Stock.
Posted inNEWS, REGULATORS

A popular asthma and allergy drug can help you lose your mind.

by Roman Dmitriev 06/11/2020 09/15/2022

Main

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has raised serious concerns about the safety of montelukast, a popular drug known by the brand name Singulair, used by children and adults in the preventive and chronic treatment of asthma, to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm, and to relieve symptoms of seasonal asthma. and persistent allergic rhinitis.

US regulators say physicians and patients underestimate the risks of montelukast associated with mental health adverse reactions, including suicidal thoughts, behaviors and behaviors.

The existence of a certain probability of developing neuropsychiatric disorders outweighs the benefit that montelukast can bring. And because the FDA insists that doctors be more restrained and prudent about the issue of prescribing treatment with montelukast. This is especially true if the symptoms of the disease are mild, and the disease itself is quite amenable to therapy with other drugs.

For example, in cases of allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, montelukast should be retained as a back-up drug, given only after other drugs have failed or are intolerable. Among the wide range of those: antihistamine loratadine (loratadine), fexofenadine (fexofenadine), cetirizine (cetirizine), levocetirizine (levocetirizine), diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) and intranasal steroid sprays fluticasone (fluticasone), triamcinolone (triamcinolone), budesonide (budesonide). Do not forget about allergen-specific immunotherapy.

In most cases, mental health symptoms occurred during montelukast therapy and they resolved after the drug was discontinued. However, there have been cases of neuropsychiatric disorders that manifested or persisted even after the abolition of montelukast. All of the above is true for patients both with a history of mental illness and without previous mental disorders.

A two-year-old child strangles his mother, trying to gouge out her eyes. A young man sets fire to his parents’ house. A teenager sits on the roof of a high-rise building and relishes the future of suicide. A woman cannot escape from her nightly nightmares. The ten-year-old goes into berserk mode, smashing furniture, grinding her teeth, and changing her facial expressions of rage. A five-year-old child, languishing from an unbearable longing for aimless years, plunges into a deep depression.

Episodes of montelukast use.

The problems of montelukast associated with its negative effect on the psyche were first revealed in 2008. And now, in connection with the continuing increase in the number of cases of neuropsychiatric disorders, we can safely say that there is a direct connection with the use of montelukast.

Montelukast should be stopped immediately if there are any changes in behavior or mood. Among these signal changes:

• restless state;
• agitation, including aggressive behavior or hostility;
• hallucinations;
• disorientation or confusion;
• depression;
• sleepwalking;
• memory disorders;
• speech disorders;
• uncontrolled muscle movements
• obsessive-compulsive symptoms;
• bad or realistic dreams;
• attention problems;
• sleep problems;
• irritability;
• suicidal thoughts and actions;
• tremor or shivering;
• feeling of anxiety.

By the way, patients taking drugs from the same class of antileukotrienes as montelukast, zafirlukast and zileuton, also experience adverse reactions in the form of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Scientific base

The FDA has conducted a thorough investigation into the safety of montelukast. The investigators assessed trends in the FAERS adverse event reporting system by checking reports of neuropsychiatric events with montelukast. An observational study of data collected in the Sentinel system, which tracks the safety of medicines, vaccines and medical products, was also carried out. In addition, the results of observational studies and animal studies published in the scientific literature were reviewed.

Thus, in the FAERS database for the period from February 1998 to May 2019, 82 cases of completed suicides associated with montelukast were found: many reports spoke of the appearance of concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms before the moment of suicide. The statistics are as follows:

• 45 suicides were committed by patients over 17 years of age, 19 by 17 years of age and younger, for the remaining 18 no information was provided on the age of the patients.

• For more than half of the cases (n=48/82), there was no complete data package that would allow a thorough assessment of the relationship between montelukast and the onset of a suicidal event. We are talking about such key information as the time elapsed before the completed suicide; the use of other drugs; the presence of comorbid conditions in the past and present, including mental ones; degree of pharmacological control of asthma; presence of other risk factors for suicide.

• The remaining 34 cases are better documented and contain information about additional risk factors related to suicide, such as drug use or comorbidities, which are associated with an increased chance of self-harm or behavioral problems. In 6 cases, the facts were reported that the medical worker was not specifically aware of the possibility of neuropsychiatric side effects when using montelukast.

The Sentinel system for the period January 2010 to September 2015 painted the following picture with the hypothesis of an increased risk of inpatient or outpatient treatment of depressive disorders, as well as cases of self-harm or suicide associated with the use of montelukast compared with the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The data covered 457,000 patients aged 6 years and older:

• The difference in the risks of hospitalization due to depressive disorder was not significant among those treated with montelukast or ICS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06 [95% CI: 0.90–1.24]). There was no significant risk among men, women, patients aged 12 years and older, patients with a history of mental illness.

• Montelukast was significantly associated with a reduced risk of outpatient treatment for depressive disorder (HR 0.91 [95% CI: 0.89–0.93]). There was a decrease in risk among patients with a history of mental illness, patients aged 12-17 years and aged 18 years and older, men and women.

• Montelukast therapy was not associated with risks of self-harm (HR 0.92 [95% CI: 0.69-1.21]) or modified self-harm (HR 0.81 [95% CI: 0.63-1.05]).

• Four cases of suicide (two each in the montelukast and ICS groups) were recorded among patients over 18 years of age and with a history of mental illness.

It should be understood that the data collected by Sentinel is subject to certain limitations. Thus, the study relied only on clinical outcomes, according to which patients sought medical care recorded in the case histories. In other words, it did not evaluate the full range of neuropsychiatric events or events that did not require medical intervention, but only the discontinuation of montelukast. Again, after the change in the instructions for the use of the drug in 2008, patients, it is possible, became more aware of the risks of adverse neuropsychiatric events, and therefore tracked their onset in a timely manner, refusing montelukast. Finally, the study is not adjusted to the socioeconomic status of the patients, although a review of the literature found no evidence that montelukast and ICS are administered out of proportion to this indicator. It is possible, however, that people with higher incomes are more likely to visit doctors in the course of asthma therapy, and therefore find themselves in the group of increased monitoring of the manifestation of neuropsychiatric events.

Animal studies have shown that montelukast is able to act directly on brain cells: orally administered montelukast has been found in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid in rodents, thus confirming that it can bypass the blood-brain barrier.

Montelukast: mechanism of action

Leukotrienes (LT) are a family of inflammatory mediators that are metabolic products of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids and are released by various cell types, including mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. Leukotrienes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses. Their cellular excretion is often accompanied by the release of histamine and prostaglandins, which also act as inflammatory mediators.

The key function of leukotriene D4 (LTD4), a so-called cysteinyl leukotrienes, is to induce smooth muscle contraction leading to bronchial and vascular constriction, as well as to increase microvascular permeability and mucus secretion. The role of leukotriene E4 (LTE4), which is a stable variant of LTD4, is generally the same.

Montelukast is a highly selective leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) that binds with high affinity to the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1). When montelukast binds to CYSLTR1, the ligands of which are LTD4 and LTE4 and which is expressed by cells of the respiratory tract, including macrophages and smooth muscle cells, the physiological leukotriene effects are suppressed, and without any agonist activity. In the case of asthma, this inhibition is reflected by the containment of the pathophysiological effects associated with airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and changes in cellular activity during the inflammatory process. In allergic rhinitis, CYSLTR1 is released from the nasal mucosa after exposure to the allergen, and therefore its suppression eliminates the signs and symptoms of this disease.

What drugs contain montelukast

List of trade names of montelukast

Abbatin, Avadil, Avakast, Averkaz, Admont ), “Actamone”, “Alecast” (Alecast), “Alergokast” (Alergokast), “Aliento” (Aliento), “Almont” (Almont) , “Alukast” (Alukast), “Albokast” (Albokast), “Alvokast” (Alvokast), “Amekast” (Amekast), ” Amikast (Amikast), Aminofer (Aminofer), Amisped (Amisped), Andiar (Andiar), Anxocast (Anxokast), Antaluk (Antaluk), Apilon (Apilone), Apomontessan (ApoMontessan), Aria (Aria), Arovent (Arovent), Arocast “Asventol” (Asventol), “Ascolin” (Ascolin), “Asmaakt” (Asmaact), “Asmavitan” (Asmavitan), “Asmakast” (Asmakast), “Asmalar” (Asmalair), “Asmatab” (Asmatab), “Asmaflo” (Asmaflo), “Asmenol” (Asmenol), “Asmont” (Asmont), “Aspira” (Aspira), “A old “(Astair), Astator (Astator / Asthator) , Astel (Astel), Astmasan (Astmasan), Astmatin (Asthmatin), Astmir (Astmir), Astmireks (Astmirex), Astmodil (Astmodil), Astmon (Asthmon), Astmont (Asthmont), Asfri (Asfree) ), Atentus (Atentus), Aerocast (Aerokast), Aerokids (Aerokids), Aeromax (Aeromax), Aerolan (Aerolan), Aeron (Aeron), Aerotel (Aerotel).

Bizi (Beasy), Belar (BelAIR), Belokast (Belokast), Bloktiene (Bloktiene), Brekar (Brecare), Breezy (Breasy), Brocast (Brocast / Brokast), Brolit (Brolyt), Brolukat (Brolukat), Bronast (Bronast), “Brondilat” (Brondilat), “Bronquis” (Bronkeez), “Bronkonorm” (Bronkonorm).

Valtrover, Vansear/Vanceir (Onceair), Velukast (Velukast), Ventair (Ventair), Ventek (Ventek), Ventilar (Ventilar), Ventilar (Ventilair), Vestair (Westair), Vizendo (Vizendo).

Glemont Glenmont.

Delpomont, Denverkast, Denk-Air, Dilar, Diffalon, Duke Lafrancol, Duramont.

Zakomoksit ( Zakomoxit), “Zespira” (Zespira), “Zylcas” (Zylcas).

Idular (Idulair), Iziast (Easyast), Izivent (Ezevent), Ingalst (Inhalst), Inletar (Inletair), Inmunobron (Inmunobron), Inmunokast (Inmunokast), Inspirol (Inspirol), Inspra (Inspra), Inuvik (Inuvic).

Yekast.

Capturan, Kast, Kastair, Kastel, Kastmar, Kastol, Kastorion, Castspiri, Kemtelo, Kipres, 902 07 “Clast” (Clast / Klast) , Clear Air (Clear Air), Kokast (Kokast), Concast (Conkast), Croma (Croma), Xalar (Xalar), Xigenast (Xigenast), Ximprove (Ximprove), Xyflo (Xyflo), Kulair (Kulair), Culento (Culento), Kurost ( Curost).

Lanair, Langair, Lasma, Lelipel, Leukast, Leucotren, Leukotris, Liam, Loctril, Lukavent, L Lukair, Lukakline, Lukamont, Lukanex, Lukaratio, Lukas, Lukasm, Lukasma, Lukast , Lukastang, Lukastin , Lukastma, Lukema, Luxat, Lulast, Lumenta, Lum she” (Lumona), “Lumont” (Lumont).

Maxair, Medikast, Medlukast, Melarth, Meflort, Miletic, Milukante , Minar, Mingair ), Mintalos (Mintalos), Miralust (Miralust), Miteka (Myteka), M-Kast (M-Kast), M-Lukas (M-Lucas), Modrian (Modrian), Modular (Modulair), Mogular (Mogulair), Mokast (Mokast), Molikast (Molicust), Molly (Molly), Molucar, Molukat, Molus, Mon, Monaka, Monax , Monalast, Monalux, Monark, Monas, Mondeo, Moneka, Monekast, Monk (Monk), Moncas (Moncas), Moncast (Monkast), Monkasta , Monkon (Monkon), Monk-P (Monk-P), Monxe (Monxe), Monlast (Monlast), Monler (Monler) , Monlucar (Monlucare), Monovas (Monovas), Monocast “(Monolair), “Monofast” (Monofast), “Monoprox” (Monprox), “Monsefil” (Moncefil), “Monstonol” (Monstonol), “Montair” (Montair), “Montal” (Montal), “Montalis” (Montalis), “Montan” (Monthan), “Montas” (Montas), “Montasma” (Montasma), “Montast” (Montast ), “Montegen” (Montegen), “Montegol” (Montegol), “Montedor” (Montedor), “Montezid” (Montezyd), “Montezim” (Montezim), “Monteil” (Montale), “Montek” (Montec / Montek), “Monteka” (Monteka), “Montecal” (Montekal), “Montecast” (Montekast), “Montecon” (Mon tecon), “Montex” (Montex), “Monteksal” (Montexal), “Monteksin” (Montexin), Montelast , Montela, Montelar (Montelair/Montelar) , Montelast , Montelex (Montelex), Montelo, Montelon, Montelon Ubronkh “(Montelubronch), “Montelugen” (Montelugen), “Monteluk” (Monteluk), “Montelukast” (Montelukast / Montelucast / Montelucaste), “Montelukastum” (Montelukastum), “Montelus” (Montelus), “Monteluteg” (Monteluteg), “Montelux” (Montelux), “Montemac” ( Montemac / Montemak) , “Montemax” (Montemax), “Montemed” (Montemed) , “Montein” (Montene), “Montena” (Montena), “Montenaaf” (Montenaaf), “Montenuzid” (Montenuzyd), “Montep” (Montep), “Monte-R” (Monte-R) , “Monterin” (Monterin), “Monter he “(Monteron), “Montespir” (Montespir), “Montessan” (Montessan), “Montest” (Montest), “Montesur” (Montesur), “Montetrinas” (Montetrinas), “Montefar” (Montefar), “Montesher” (Montesher), “Monte Air” (Monte-Air), “Monti” (Monti / Monty / Montey), “Montiva” ( Montiva), “Montiget” (Montiget), “Montica” (Montica / Montika), “Montilab” (Montilab), “Montilak” (Montilak), “Montilet” (Montilet), “Montipedia” (Montipedia), “Montifast” (Montifast), “Montol” (Montol), “Mont-R” (Mont-R), “Montrate” (Montrate), “Montril » (Montril), Montular , Montulind, Mont-heim, Monukast, Moor, Montemak, Monchr, Moral , Moskalair (Mo scalair), Moteqi, Mofenstra, Mucosoft, Moolpas, Multiler, Mooncast.

Nozma, Notta, N-Fess.

Odimont, Odmon, Orilukast, Otelus.

Piemonte, Plenair, Pluralais, Pneumo-Kast, Primeair, Prevenil, Provair, Promonta, Profilax, Pulmocast (Pulmokast), “Pulmont” (Pulmont).

Reversair, Recast, Relukas, Reokast, Respair, Respikast, Riskal, Rolast, Romilast.

Sansibast (Sansibast), SB-Monek (SB-Monec), Sedokast (Sedokast), Selezen (Selezen), Senloir (Senloir), Senovital (Senovital), Silmon (Silmon), Singukast (Singukast), Singulex (Singulex), ” Sincast” (Sincast), Simplaer , Sinair, Sinbrux, Singlon/Synglon , Singodem, Singulex , ” Singulair , Singument-S (Singument-S), Sin-Mont (Sin-Mont), Sintair (Sintair), Sintelukast-Humanity (Sintelukast-Humanity), Sintrin (Sintrine), Smarti (Smarti), Speradac (Speradac), Spirocast (Spirokast), Spiromon (Spiromon), Surfair (Surfair), Suviar (Suviar), Simlukast (Symlukast).

Take Air, Tekast, Telekast, Teluk, Teluka, Telukast, Telumantes, Telumyl, Terrakast, T Lukast (T Lukast), Topraz (Topraz), Tordel (Thordel), Trilaki (Trilucky), Trilock (Trilock).

Urilast.

Flomont, Freegest, Fulmont.

Centokast, Cerrokast.

Everest, Edron, Airbron, Airway, Airfast, Aireez, Aireal, Airing, Aircast, Airlast, Airlukast, Airlukast, Airmol, Airocast, Airomed, Airon, Airfix, Ektalust , Elukan, Elunkast, Emlucast, Eonic, Ephyra.

Unicast, Uniair.

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